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Managed Protected Areas, Malawi PDD for the CCB Standard, October 2013

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Managed Protected Areas, Malawi PDD for the CCB Standard, October 2013 Kulera Landscape REDD+ Project for Co-Managed Protected Areas, Malawi PDD for the CCB Standard, October 2013 Kulera Landscape REDD+ Project for Co- Managed Protected Areas, Malawi Project Design Document To the Climate, Community & Biodiversity Standard (2nd Edition) October 2013 Version 2.0 Submitted by: Terra Global Capital (TGC) Project Proponents: The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Nyika Vwaza Association (NVA) Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve Association (NAWIRA) Terra Global Capital (TGC) Implementing Partner Total LandCare (TLC) Kulera Landscape REDD+ Project for Co-Managed Protected Areas, Malawi PDD for the CCB Standard, October 2013 Table of Contents 1 GENERAL SECTION .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 ORIGINAL CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT AREAS ......................................................................................................... 4 1.2 BASELINE PROJECTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 22 1.3 PROJECT DESIGN AND GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 34 1.4 MANAGEMENT CAPACITY AND BEST PRACTICES ...................................................................................................... 53 1.5 LEGAL STATUS AND PROPERTY RIGHTS .................................................................................................................. 58 2 CLIMATE SECTION ........................................................................................................................................ 61 2.1 NET POSITIVE CLIMATE IMPACTS ......................................................................................................................... 61 2.2 OFFSITE CLIMATE IMPACTS (‘LEAKAGE’) ................................................................................................................ 65 2.3 CLIMATE IMPACT MONITORING ........................................................................................................................... 72 COMMUNITY SECTION ......................................................................................................................................... 74 2.4 NET POSITIVE COMMUNITY IMPACTS .................................................................................................................... 74 2.5 OFFSITE STAKEHOLDER IMPACTS .......................................................................................................................... 76 2.6 COMMUNITY IMPACT MONITORING ..................................................................................................................... 77 3 BIODIVERSITY SECTION ................................................................................................................................ 78 3.1 NET POSITIVE BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS ................................................................................................................... 78 3.2 OFFSITE BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................... 80 3.3 BIODIVERSITY IMPACT MONITORING .................................................................................................................... 80 4 GOLD LEVEL SECTION ................................................................................................................................... 84 4.1 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION BENEFITS ............................................................................................................. 84 4.2 EXCEPTIONAL COMMUNITY BENEFITS ................................................................................................................... 87 4.3 EXCEPTIONAL BIODIVERSITY BENEFITS ................................................................................................................... 90 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................... 91 GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 ANNEX I: PERFORMANCE MONITORING PLAN ....................................................................................................... 1 Kulera Landscape REDD+ Project for Co-Managed Protected Areas, Malawi PDD for the CCB Standard, October 2013 List of Tables TABLE 1. CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION, MZUZU (CENTRAL/NORTHERN MALAWI) ...................................................................... 8 TABLE 2. CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION BY PROJECT AREA ...................................................................................................... 9 TABLE 3. SIZE AND LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AREAS AT PROJECT START DATE ............................................................................ 11 TABLE 4. KEY WILDLIFE FOUND IN TARGETED PAS .................................................................................................................. 19 TABLE 5. SUMMARY OF DEFORESTATION DRIVERS AND CORRESPONDING AGENTS ........................................................................ 23 TABLE 6: SUMMARY OF GHG EMISSIONS/REMOVALS ............................................................................................................. 30 TABLE 7. PROJECT SCALE AND ESTIMATED GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS .............................................................. 34 TABLE 8. PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND THE TARGETED DEFORESTATION DRIVERS ............................................................................... 36 TABLE 9. SUMMARY OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN MALAWI FROM 1900 TO 2010 .......................................................................... 46 TABLE 10. COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS THROUGH MARCH 2013 ........................................................................................... 51 TABLE 11. ESTIMATE EMISSION REDUCTION UNDER PROJECT SCENARIO ....................................................................................... 62 TABLE 12. EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM COOKSTOVES ............................................................................................................ 63 TABLE 13. NET EMISSION REDUCTIONS (EX-ANTE) IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................. 63 TABLE 14. ESTIMATED LEAKAGE CANCELLATION RATES PER DEFORESTATION DRIVER. ...................................................................... 70 TABLE 15. EMISSIONS FROM LEAKAGE FROM GEOGRAPHICALLY CONSTRAINED DRIVERS ................................................................ 70 TABLE 16. MALAWI’S HDI TRENDS ...................................................................................................................................... 87 List of Figures FIGURE 1. REGIONAL LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AREAS IN MALAWI ............................................................................................ 5 FIGURE 2. LANDSAT 8 IMAGERY FROM 2013 DRAPED OVER SRTM ELEVATION DATA. ...................................................................... 6 FIGURE 3. LANDSAT 8 IMAGERY FROM 2013 DRAPED OVER SRTM ELEVATION DATA. ...................................................................... 6 FIGURE 4. LANDSAT 8 IMAGERY FROM 2013 DRAPED OVER SRTM ELEVATION DATA. ...................................................................... 7 FIGURE 5. ANNUAL PRECIPITATION BASED ON INTERPOLATED CLIMATE STATION DATASETS FROM A PERIOD BETWEEN 1950 AND 2000. SOURCE: WORLDCLIM, ROBERT HIJMANS (2005) ............................................................................................................ 8 FIGURE 6. FIVE KILOMETER BUFFER AREA (BETWEEN THE RED LINES) IN THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF NKHOTAKOTA WILDLIFE RESERVE. THE RIDGELINE DEFORESTATION OBSERVABLE WITHIN THIS BUFFER ZONE DEMONSTRATES EDGE DEFORESTATION DUE TO UNENFORCED PROTECTED AREA BOUNDARIES. IMAGE CREATED USING 2013 LANDSAT 8 IMAGERY DRAPED OVER A DIGITAL ELEVATION .............. 11 FIGURE 7. MORTALITY OF KEY ANIMAL SPECIES IN NYIKA NATIONAL PARK MOSTLY FROM POACHING (SOURCE: MAWAYA 2011). ........ 17 FIGURE 8. WOOD CHARCOAL IS SOLD ALONG ROADSIDES AND IS USED FOR DOMESTIC HEATING AND COOKING IN URBAN AREAS ............. 24 FIGURE 9. FOREST CONVERSION AS A RESULT OF SLASH-AND-BURN AGRICULTURE, PRACTICED OUTSIDE OF NKHOTAKOTA WILDLIFE RESERVE ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 FIGURE 10: FIRES ARE SET TO HUNT MICE, WHICH ARE CAUGHT, COOKED AND SOLD ALONG ROADSIDES ............................................. 25 FIGURE 11. FIRES ARE OFTEN USED TO CONCENTRATE ANIMALS INSIDE OF PROTECTED AREAS, SUCH AS THIS ROAN ANTELOPE IN NYIKA NATIONAL PARK ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 FIGURE 12: WOOD AND POLES USED FOR DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................................... 27 FIGURE 13: IN RURAL AREAS, WOMEN ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COLLECTING AND TRANSPORTING FIREWOOD USED FOR COOKING AND HEATING ................................................................................................................................................................
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