DOCSLIB.ORG

Gender-Related Laws, Policies and Practices in Lebanon Gender-Related Laws, Policies and Practices in Lebanon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gender-Related Laws, Policies and Practices in Lebanon Gender-Related Laws, Policies and Practices in Lebanon Gender-Related Laws, Policies and Practices in Lebanon Gender-Related Laws, Policies and Practices in Lebanon Lebanon-Beirut 2018 PB 1 The opinions stated in this report refer to their writers and do not necessarly reflect the United Nations’ opinions, including United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and UN Women, or United Nations Member States. Copyright refers to the United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund and UN Women. 2 3 2 3 Index Gratitute and Appreciation List of Abbreviations Preamble Executive Summary Section 1. Overview of the constitutional and international legal landscape related to the national mechanisms Arab and International framework Lebanese Constitution National mechanisms: Policies and Strategies (in relation with women) Section 2. Fragmented Equality Penal Code Rape and indecent acts Sexual harassment Honour crimes Adultery and sex outside of marriage Abortion Article 534 Personal status laws Civil marriage Age of marriage Rights and responsibilities Divorce Guardianship and child custody Legacy Nationality Law Labour, Social Security, Taxes and Commerce Laws Women participation in public life 4 5 Section 3. Inadequate Protection Frameworks Law on the Protection of Women and Family Members from Domestic Violence. Law on the Protection from Human Trafficking. Law on the Protection of Juveniles in conflict with the law or at risk. Section 4. Obstacles to access to justice General Obstacles to access to justice: At individual or personal level At societal level At institutional level Obstacles to particular groups’ access to justice: Women in jails Women refugees Housemaids Women with disabilities Elderly women Conclusion 4 5 Gratitude and Appreciation This report is a result of the cooperation between the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Gender Equality and Women Empowerment (UN Women). The present Act addresses the laws, policies and practices relating to gender justice and equality in Lebanon. Thus, the purpose of this report is to discuss and analyse the most prominent loophols and gaps, in addition to providing concrete recommendations to the policymakers and the various actors who are concerned to promote the gender-based justice and equality in Lebanon. With warm thanks and gratitude, we acknowledge the valuable information and contributions provided by Me. Manar Zeaiter, who finalized the report. This Act is a result of a consultation process of basic data submitted by the governmental and non-governmental representatives, as well as by legal and effective experts in Lebanon. It is based on the assessment of Lebanon which forms one of the twentieth chapter of the regional report under the title of “Gender-based Justice and Law in Arab Countries”, which is a comprehensive study drafted by the commission of the United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund and UN Women in 2015 and finalized by John Godwen and Nadia Khalifeh. We hereby acknowledge the serious work, devotion and valuable contributions of all the partners who added their observations on the report. These frameworks include the civil society organisations, legal actors and academic institutions such as: KAFA(enough) Violence and Exploitation, Abaad, Association Najdeh, Save the Children, Terre des Hommes, Arab Institute for Human Rights, Collective for Research and Training on Development – Action (CRTDA), Care International, Plan International, Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World at the Lebanese International University, Caritas, Women Now for Development, Almeethaq for Human Rights, Society for the Protection, International Medical Corps, Solidarity Foundation, Euromed FeministInitiative, Legal Action Worldwide (Law), INTERSOS, Human Rights Watch, International Rescue Committee, and Government Stakeholders; including the Office of the Minister of State for Women’s Affairs, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Social Affairs, Internal Security Forces, National Commission for Lebanese Women and the United Nations Agencies in Lebanon, including the United Nations Disaster Relief, International Labour Organization, OHCHR Regional Office, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNESCO, UNICEF, United Nations Office for Project Services, United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees, UNRWA, International Organization for Migration, ESCWA, United Nations Development Programme, UN Women and United Nations Population Fund. Our thanks also go to Chea Quorum, who translated and edited the English version, and to Sarah Al Masri and Mostapha Assi who helped in editing the Arabic version. Special thanks go to the essential reviewers who presented substantive comments, and who are: Asma Kordahi, the responsible of the United Nations Population Fund Office in Lebanon, and Joumana Zababena, the manager of the UN Women project in Lebanon titled “Men and Women for Gender Equality”. Special thanks also go to Sabine Piccard, the analyst of Lebanon programme in the United Nations Population Fund, who coordinated and managed the development of the present report since the first stages until it is published; as well as we thank Martha Falikho Mister from the regional office of the United Nations Development Programme in the Arab Countries, and Valentina Faulbi from the Arab Countries Regional Office of the United Nations Population Fund for her continuous support throughout the process. Finally, our gratitude goes to the people of Japan for their generous financial contribution in disseminating the report. UNFPA, UN Women, and UNDP July 2018. Beirut, Lebanon 6 7 List of Abbreviations UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNDP United Nations Development Programme UN Women United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East ESCWA United Nations Economic and Social Commissin for Western Asia UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Resolution 1325 Resolution of the UN Security Council for Women, Peace and Security Paris Principles Principles relating to the National Institutions Work Standards for Human Rights Protection and Promotion Law 293 Law on the Protection of Women and Other Family Members from Domestic Violence Law 164 Law to Punish Human Trafficking Law 2002/422 Law on the Protection of Juveniles in conflict with the law or at risk Law 200/220 Law on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Lebanon Preamble The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) conducted in 2018 a joint study in 20 Arab countries, including Lebanon on laws, policies and practices related to gender-based justice and equality. The mapping with respect to Lebanon was developed through: Interventions suggested in the consultative meetings concluded by the Gender-Related Working Group of the United Nations Country Team on November 2017 ,9, Meetings with experts and jurists under the umbrella of the Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Task Force (SGBV TF) on 10 November 2017, Observations of international and local organizations, relevant United Nations agencies and independent legal experts. The concerned authorities involved in this mapping, namely UNFPA, UNDP and UN Women, have considered to further develop the mapping, include it new centres and conduct an in-depth analysis of the most prominent gaps and challenges that hinder the achievement of gender-based justice and equality in Lebanon, which makes the present report as a simplified advocacy tool that can be used by various actors to promote gender-based justice and equality in Lebanon. The report was developed through individual consultations and consultation meetings in which international and national organizations, representatives of governmental and non-governmental institutions and bodies and a number of legal experts have participated.We hereby mention that the Ministries and the concerned governmental bodies had followed-up and supported the course of the report drafting throughout their participation in meetings and through sending observations and written contributions related to the various centres of the report. 6 7 Executive Summary More than a decade after the United Nations’ adoption of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, which is adopted by many countries including Lebanon, these countries returned in 2015 to commit themselves to achieve gender equality and to empower all women and girls as one of the development agenda goals for the coming years1. According to this goal, gender equality is no longer a fundamental human right only, but also one of the necessary foundations for peace, prosperity and sustainability at the social and economic level. Despite the various efforts made in Lebanon to achieve gender-based justice and equality, the picture is still bleak. In 2017, Lebanon ranked 137th out of 144 countries in the world and 11th among 14 Arab countries on the global gender gap index of the World Economic Foru2m. This index and others require an auditing analysis in a political, economic, cultural, social and security factors that Lebanon is undergoing. Therefore,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trafficking in Human Beings in Lebanon - a Stock-Taking Report
    20YEARS Traffi cking in Human Beings in Lebanon A Stock-Taking Report International Centre for Migration Policy Development 2013 Trafficking in Human Beings in Lebanon - A Stock-Taking Report International Centre for Migration Policy Development 2013 ICMPD Team: Melita Gruevska-Graham, Jenny Andersson Pucher, Elisa Trossero, Dania Younes Copyright: International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission of the copyright owners. International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) Gonzagagasse 1, 5th floor Vienna, Austria A-1010 www.icmpd.org This publication was made possible through support provided by the United States Department of State, under the terms of Award No. S-SGTIP-10-GR-0064. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Department of State. Layout by Jad Harb Printed and Bound by Doculand ISBN: 978-3-900411-86-2 FOREWORD This assessment looks at the situation of trafficking in human beings in Lebanon through an analysis of existing legal and institutional responses. An attempt has been made to identify the current state of play of the main forms of trafficking present in Lebanon, as well as the challenges related to the identification and referral of trafficked persons. Based on these analyses the document outlines the ambiguity and complexity which surrounds the issue of trafficking in human beings as a crime: a crime that is often hidden and intertwined with other migration related matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Work in French Mandate Lebanon and Syria: a History of Representations and Interventions (1920-1946)
    Sex Work in French Mandate Lebanon and Syria: A History of Representations and Interventions (1920-1946) Pascale Nancy Graham Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, Montréal August 2019 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Pascale Nancy Graham Table of Contents Abstract/Résumé iii Acknowledgements vii List of Abbreviations of Archives ix Chapter One: Introduction 1 Regulatory Structures of Sex Work through the Early Modern Ottoman Empire 8 From Ottoman Administration to the French System: Sex Work as Pathology 25 Implicating the League of Nations 39 Public Debates and the Creation of “Diametrically Opposed States of Existence” 46 Colonialism and Humanitarianism: Power and Exclusion 57 Primary Sources and Methodology 61 Thesis Overview 66 Chapter Two: The Power of Medicine: Sex Work, Containment, and the New Discourse of Public Health 71 The Insertion of Scientific Vocabulary into the State Apparatus: The “Truth” about Sex Work 75 Research on Sex Work in the Metropole: The “Indispensable Excremental Phenomenon” 78 The Transmission of Knowledge: The Pathologizing of Sex Work Comes to the Levant 85 The Commission of Medical Reports with the Same Old Message under the New Regime 95 Assessing the Risk of Social Contagion in a Rural Context 108 Conclusion 114 Chapter Three: The Paradox of Liminality: Medico-Administrative and Legal Discourses in Defense of Public Health 119 Those Existing Outside the Law: The Paradox of the French System in the Levant
    [Show full text]
  • Jamaican Trafficking Victims and Failed to Provide JAMAICA Enforcement Officers on Trafficking Laws and Best Practices for Many of Them with Adequate Assistance
    to victims. The government regularly updated a manual for law identified few Jamaican trafficking victims and failed to provide JAMAICA enforcement officers on trafficking laws and best practices for many of them with adequate assistance. assisting victims. The government coordinated an interagency working group to generate guidelines and procedures for victim identification and referral, as part of the creation of the JAMAICA TIER RANKING BY YEAR national plan. The government postponed publication of the plan until 2014 due to limited funds available for assistance in 2013. The government worked with NGOs to coordinate and implement anti-trafficking initiatives, but, unlike in prior years, did not conduct any evaluations in 2013. In cooperation with 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 municipalities, police, social services, and NGOs carried out local education campaigns aimed at reducing the demand for prostitution. The ministry of foreign affairs implemented regular RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JAMAICA: training programs for diplomatic officers deployed abroad and Vigorously prosecute, convict, and punish trafficking offenders, included modules on the prevention of trafficking in persons. including officials complicit in forced labor or sex trafficking; The government did not publish a systematic evaluation of its identify and assist more victims of forced labor and sex anti-trafficking efforts. In 2013, Italian authorities investigated trafficking, including prostituted Jamaican children; implement 281 illegal labor recruiters; unscrupulous
    [Show full text]
  • TAIWAN (Tier 1) and Psychological Counseling Services to Approximately 30 Female Trafficking Victims in 2009
    Protection a domestic worker. In addition, they require employment During the year, the government made modest progress contracts be issued by the Ministry of Interior and in protecting trafficking victims, while demonstrating contain standardized regulations regarding the provision improved partnerships with NGOs and international of monthly paychecks, clothing, food, medicine, living TAIWAN organizations to identify and provide services to quarters, and time off. Beyond prosecuting clients and victimized women and children. As it did in Damascus brothel proprietors, the government took no specific during the previous reporting period, the government actions to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts. donated building space for a trafficking victims’ shelter Syria is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol. in Aleppo, which opened in January 2010. These two shelters, operated by local NGOs, offered legal, medical, TAIWAN (Tier 1) and psychological counseling services to approximately 30 female trafficking victims in 2009. The government Taiwan is a destination, and to a much lesser extent, continued to lack procedures for identifying potential source and transit territory for men, women, and children victims among vulnerable populations; as a result, subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced victims of trafficking may have been arrested and prostitution and forced labor. Most trafficking victims in charged with prostitution or violating immigration laws Taiwan are workers from Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, before being deported or punished. There were reports, and the Philippines, employed through recruitment however, that some women arrested on such charges agencies and brokers to perform low-skilled work in and subsequently identified as victims of trafficking Taiwan’s manufacturing industries and as home caregivers were referred to shelters; this is a positive development.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr.: General 28 February 2011
    United Nations A/HRC/16/44/Add.1 General Assembly Distr.: General 28 February 2011 English/French/Spanish only Human Rights Council Sixteenth session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, Margaret Sekaggya Addendum Summary of cases transmitted to Governments and replies received* * The present document is being circulated in the languages of submission only, as it greatly exceeds the word limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions. GE.11-11427 A/HRC/16/44/Add.1 Contents Paragraphs Page Introduction............................................................................................................. 1–3 5 Algeria ................................................................................................................ 4–33 5 Angola ................................................................................................................ 34–41 9 Argentina ................................................................................................................ 42–74 10 Austria ................................................................................................................ 75–89 15 Bahrain ................................................................................................................ 90–210 16 Bangladesh.............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Exit Study-Report June-2020.Pdf
    TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND 11 1.1 Context of the Study 11 1.2 Study Questions, Objectives, and Guiding Framework 13 CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY 16 2.1 Recruitment of Participants and Sample 16 2.2 Ethical Considerations 18 2.3 Challenges and Limitations 19 CHAPTER THREE: PROSTITUTION UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND LEBANESE LAWS 21 3.1 States Obligations under International Human Rights Law 21 3.2 Prostitution under Lebanon's Domestic Laws and Regulations 23 CHAPTER FOUR: PROFILE AND BACKGROUND OF WOMEN 26 4.1 Socio-Demographics 26 4.2 Previous Experiences of Violence and Childhood Abuse 27 4.3 Pimped, Trafficked, and Groomed: Circumstances of Women's Entry into Prostitution 30 CHAPTER FIVE: RISKS FACED BY WOMEN IN PROSTITUTION AND THEIR STRATEGIES TO LIMIT HARM 34 5.1 Theft and Threats by Sex Buyers 34 5.2 Physical and Sexual Violence by Sex Buyers 36 5.3 Arrest and Assault by Authorities 37 5.4 Women's Self-defense and Strategies to Limit Harm 38 CHAPTER SIX: CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS TO EXITING PROSTITUTION 41 6.1 Inability to Find a Job and Lack of Educational Qualifications 41 6.2 Homelessness 42 6.3 Physical and Mental Health 42 6.4 Coercion and Violence by Traffickers and Pimps 44 6.5 Debts and Debt Bondage 45 6.6 Criminalization of the Victims of Prostitution and Trafficking 46 6.7 Lack of Legal and Residency Documentation 46 Exit: Challenges and Needs of Lebanese and Syrian Women in Prostitution CHAPTER SEVEN: NEEDS OF WOMEN IN PROSTITUTION AND PROTECTION GAPS 47 7.1 The Process of Exiting
    [Show full text]
  • Southwestern Journal of International Law
    SOUTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOLUME XXVI 2020 NUMBER 1 2019 SYMPOSIUM TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER ARGENTINA’S AMIA BOMBING: JUSTICE VS. IMPUNITY ARTICLES Keynote Address: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights’ Observer at the AMIA Bombing Trial Claudio Grossman The Use of Evidence Provided by Intelligence Agencies in Terrorism Prosecutions: Challenges and Lessons Learned from Argentina’s AMIA Bombing Leonardo Filippini The AMIA Special Investigation Unit: An Overview of Its History and a Proposal for the Future Agustin Cavana Acting as Private Prosecutor in the AMIA Case Alberto L. Zuppi NOTES & COMMENTS Knocking Down the One-Room Brothel in Hong Kong Virginia Wong America’s Scarlet Letter: How International Law Supports the Removal and Preservation of Confederate Monuments as World Heritage of America’s Discriminatory History Blake Newman Nuclear Weapons and the Need for a No-First-Use Agreement Between the United States and South Korea For North Korea Ryan Chang SOUTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOLUME XXVI 2020 NUMBER 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2019 SYMPOSIUM - TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER ARGENTINA’S AMIA BOMBING: JUSTICE VS. IMPUNITY KEYNOTE ADDRESS: INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS’ OBSERVER AT THE AMIA BOMBING TRIAL ............................................................ 1 Claudio Grossman ARTICLES THE USE OF EVIDENCE PROVIDED BY INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES IN TERRORISM PROSECUTIONS: CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM ARGENTINA’S AMIA BOMBING ................................................................................. 11 Leonardo Filippini THE AMIA SPECIAL INVESTIGATION UNIT: AN OVERVIEW OF ITS HISTORY AND A PROPOSAL FOR THE FUTURE ........................................................................ 39 Agustín Cavana ACTING AS PRIVATE PROSECUTOR IN THE AMIA CASE ...................................... 83 Alberto L. Zuppi NOTES & COMMENTS KNOCKING DOWN THE ONE-ROOM BROTHEL IN HONG KONG ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime
    2 Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime 3 Fondation SCELLES Under the Direction of Yves Charpenel Deputy General Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of France President of the Fondation Scelles Sexual Exploitation Prostitution and Organized Crime ECONOMICA 49, rue Héricart, 75015 Paris 4 Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime « The proceeds from the sale of this book will be given directly to the Fondation Scelles » Translated from the original French Edition Exploitation sexuelle – Prostitution et crime organisé © Ed. Economica 2012 Translation copyright © Ed. ECONOMICA, 2012 All reproduction, translation, execution and adaptation rights are reserved for all countries Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime 5 Excerpt from the Dictionary of the French Academy PROSTITUTION n. 13 th century, meaning of "debauchery"; 18 th century, the current meaning. From the Latin prostitutio , "prostitution, desecration." The act of having sexual relations in exchange for payment; activity consisting in practicing regularly such relations. The law does not prohibit prostitution, only soliciting and procuring. Entering into prostitution. A prostitution network. Clandestine, occasional prostitution . ANCIENT MEANING. Sacred prostitution , practiced by the female servants of the goddesses of love or fertility in certain temples and for the profit of these goddesses, in some countries of the Middle East and of the Mediterranean. The Aphrodite temple, in Corinth,
    [Show full text]
  • Country Narratives: A-C (PDF)
    COUNTRY NARRATIVES COUNTRY COUNTRY NARRATIVES In a chilling reminder of the links between poverty and forced labor, confirmed by the International Labour Organization report, Profits and Poverty: The Economics of Forced Labor, a young girl begins the work she inherited from her parents—street sweeping. 67 small improvements, however. During the reporting period, AFGHANISTAN (Tier 2) the government issued a decree directing law enforcement Afghanistan is a source, transit, and destination country for agencies to cease prosecuting trafficking victims. It also took men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and some limited steps to implement its anti-trafficking action plan, sex trafficking. Internal trafficking is more prevalent than including through making executive branch efforts to ratify the transnational trafficking. The majority of Afghan victims are 2000 UN TIP Protocol. Despite extensive international support children subjected to human trafficking in carpet-making and of the government’s anti-trafficking programming, the level of brick kiln factories, domestic servitude, and in commercial understanding of human trafficking among Afghan government sexual exploitation, begging, transnational drug smuggling, officials remained very low. and assistant truck driving within Afghanistan, as well as in the Middle East, Europe, and South Asia. Most Afghan victims AFGHANISTAN TIER RANKING BY YEAR AFGHANISTAN exploited in Iran are boys under age 18 who are compelled to work in forced labor in the construction and agricultural sectors upon their arrival. The majority of Afghan victims in Pakistan are women and girls who are trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, including by forced marriages. Some Afghan families knowingly sell their children 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 into prostitution, including for bacha baazi—where wealthy or influential men, including government officials and security forces, use young boys for social and sexual entertainment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vulnerability of the Syrian Refugee Women in Lebanon and the Sex Trafficking
    University Saint Joseph of Beirut Master’s Degree in Democratic Governance Democracy and Human Rights in the Middle East and North Africa A.Y. 2016/2017 The Vulnerability of the Syrian refugee women in Lebanon and the Sex Trafficking Thesis EIUC GC DE.MA Author: Francisco Astudillo Poggi Supervisor: Carine Lahoud Tatar 1 Acknowledgments Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis supervisor Prof. Carine Lahoud Tatar for the continuous support during this research. Also, I would like to thank Prof. Jihad Nammour for the encouragement and guidance during this process of intensive studies. To EIUC, for giving me the opportunity to become a student of this Master and to all my friends of the De.Ma cohort of 2016/2017 for this amazing year of continuous brainstorming and cultural exchange. Y, por último, no puedo dejar de expresar mi más profundo agradecimiento a las personas más importantes de mi vida, a mi padre, Francisco, por su constante estímulo a la superación y ser un ejemplo a seguir en mi vida. A mi madre, Zulay, por su entrega y guía constante para encaminarme en todos los momentos de mi vida, y por creer en mi incluso más de lo que lo haría yo. A mi hermano Sebas, por ser mi mayor cómplice y mejor amigo durante toda la vida a pesar de ser tan diferentes, y por sus recomendaciones siempre pragmáticas. A todos, GRACIAS. Abstract Many cases of sex trafficking of Syrian refugee women have been reported by the local and international NGOs after the migratory crisis of 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Baseline Study on Trafficking in Persons in Tunisia
    Republic of Tunisia Baseline Study on Trafficking in Persons in Tunisia: assessing the scope and manifestations IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and soci- ety. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international com- munity to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. The opinions expressed in the Study are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IOM or its State members. Edition: International Organization for Migration (IOM) Tunisia 6 bis Passage du Lac le Bourget Les Berges du Lac, 1053 Tunis Tunisia Tel : +216 71.860.312 Fax : +216 71.962.385 Email : [email protected] Internet : http://www.iom-tunisie.org ___________ © 2013 International Organization for Migration (IOM) ___________ All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise with- out the prior written permission of the publisher. This publication was made possible through support of the United States Department of State’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (TIP Office), under Award No. S-SGTIP-11-GR-0015 Republic of Tunisia Baseline Study on Trafficking in Persons in Tunisia: assessing the scope and manifestations JUNE 2013 This Study was based on the work and investigation skills, research and analysis of the following team: LEAD RESEARCH CONSULTANT: Elodie BROUSSARD FIELD TEAMS COORDINATORS: Mohamed Alaâ DEMNATI and Anis KRIAA DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH TEAM COORDINATOR: Rim BOUHAFA CHTIOUI RESEARCH ASSISTANTS : Hanen BEN BELGACEM, Rabeb BEN KHALIFA, Maroua BEN SAID, Ahmed DERBALI, Amira FERCHICHI, Badra GAALOUL, Ameni GHORBEL, Abdessamii HAFSAOUI, Imen HENTATI, Sarra MA- JOUL, Hichem ROUAG STATISTICIAN: Marwa CHEBBI Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report
    COUNTRY NARRATIVES COUNTRY COUNTRY NARRATIVES Maisie, a survivor of sex trafficking, tells her story at a faith-based women’s shelter in the United States. 63 AFGHANISTAN: Tier 2 of human trafficking, and the government did not develop or employ systematic procedures for the identification and referral Afghanistan is a source, transit, and destination country for men, of victims to protective services. women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking. Internal trafficking is more prevalent than transnational trafficking. The majority of Afghan trafficking victims are children who end AFGHANISTAN TIER RANKING BY YEAR up in carpet making and brick factories, domestic servitude, 1 commercial sexual exploitation, begging, transnational drug 2 smuggling, and assistant truck driving within Afghanistan, as well 2WL as in the Middle East, Europe, and South Asia. Afghan boys are 3 also subjected to forced labor in Iran in the construction and 2008 2009 2010 2 011 2012 2013 2014 2015 agricultural sectors. The majority of Afghan victims in Pakistan are women and girls subjected to trafficking for the purpose RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AFGHANISTAN: AFGHANISTAN of commercial sexual exploitation, including through forced marriages. Some Afghan families knowingly sell their children into Cease the penalization of victims for offenses committed as a direct prostitution, including for bacha baazi—where men, sometimes result of being subjected to trafficking; increase prosecutions and including government officials and security forces, use young convictions under the 2008 anti-trafficking law, while respecting boys for social and sexual entertainment. Some law enforcement due process; investigate and prosecute officials suspected of officials, prosecutors, and judges accept bribes from or use their being complicit in trafficking; consider amending the 2008 anti- relationships with perpetrators of bacha baazi to allow them trafficking law to prohibit and penalize all forms of trafficking to escape punishment.
    [Show full text]