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Full Page Fax Print cw./o, / C 4 ¿) LIVESTOCK IN LATIN AMERICA 1/ Status, problems a nd prospects United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization r Livestock in Latin America Status, problems and prospects I. COLOMBIA, MEXICO, URUGUAY AND VENEZUELA Report prepared in accordance with the joint programme of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization UNITED NATIONS New York, 1962 E/CN. 12/620 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No.: 61. II.G. 7 Price : SU.S. 1.50; 10/6 stg.; Sw. fr. 6.50 (or equivalent in other currencies) CONTENTS Page EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS x GENERAL INTRODUCTION ... xi Colombia Introduction and summary 3 I. Consumption of livestock commodities 1. Consumption levels, changes and trends 5 (a) Meat consumption 5 (b) Consumption of milk products and eggs 6 2. Composition of consumption by markets of origin 6 3. Consumption of fish and shellfish 7 4. Comparative levels of consumption and nutritional targets 7 5. Projections of domestic demand 8 (а) Historical trend of slaughter 8 (б) Projections of demand as a function of population and income 10 II. Available resources 1. Estimated livestock and poultry inventories 12 2. Area used for stock farming 14 3. Stock farming zones and their ecology 14 (a) Stock farming in the cold zone 14 (b) Stock farming in the subtropical zone 15 (c) Stock farming in the tropical zone 15 III. Characteristics of production 1. Breeds of livestock and their distribution (a) Composition by breeds and types of livestock 15 (b) Distribution of breeds 16 2. Livestock production 17 3. Livestock yields 19 (а) Rates of extraction and production 20 (б) Yields 20 (c) Natality rates 20 (d) Mortality rates 20 IV. Factors limiting production and supply 20 1. Incidence of disease 20 (а) Infectious and contagious diseases (i) Foot-and-mouth disease 21 (ii) Brucellosis or infectious abortion 21 (iii) Tuberculosis 21 (iv) Paratuberculosis 21 (v) Trichomoniasis 22 (б) Parasitic diseases 22 iii Page (c) Other diseases (i) Bovine haematuria 22 (ii) Paralytic rabies 22 (iii) Deficiency diseases 23 2. Malnutrition (a) Fodder crops and pastures. 23 (b) Feed concentrates 24 (c) Inefficient pasture management 24 3. Low level of improvement in breeding techniques 24 4. Management and administration problems 25 5. Deficiencies in the marketing and processing of livestock commodities (a) Production and marketing 25 (b) Livestock and meat marketing 26 (c) Marketing of milk products 27 (d) Marketing of poultry and eggs„ 28 (e) Price fixing 28 Mexico Introduction and summary 33 I. Livestock population 34 II. Production L Slaughtering and meat products 34 2. Production of milk and milk products 35 III. Utilization of resources for stock farming 1. Area used for stock farming • 36 2. Livestock areas and their ecology (a) Northern zone 37 ib) Gulf of Mexico zone 37 (c) Central zone 37 (d) North Pacific zone • 38 (e) South Pacific zone 38 3. Breeds of cattle 38 4. Use of feed for livestock (a) JFodder 38 (b) Food concentrates »— 39 IV. Livestock diseases 1. Infectious and contagious diseases 39 2. Parasitic diseases 39 3. Border health control 40 V. Management of livestock fyrms 40 iv Page VI. Marketing, of livestock products 1. Livestock and meat 41 2. Milk products 42 VII. Foreign trade in livestock products 1. Exports 42 2. Imports 43 VIII. Food supplies 1. Meat 45 2. Milk products 46 IX. Outlook for livestock development 1. Livestock potential 46 2. Livestock development campaigns 46 Uruguay Introduction and summary 49 I. Available resources 1. Livestock and poultry inventories 51 2. Livestock area 53 II. Production characteristics 1. Breeds of livestock 53 2. Livestock production (a) Total production 54 (b) Slaughter and meat production 55 (c) Production of milk and milk products 56 (d) Wool production 57 (e) Poultry production 57 3. Productivity and yield 57 III. Factors limiting production 58 1. Nutritional deficiencies 58 2. Animal pests and diseases 59 3. Other factors limiting production (a) Defective management 59 (b) Marketing deficiencies 59 IV. Marketing and consumption of livestock products 1. Marketing systems (a) Livestock and meat marketing 60 (b) Milk and milk products 60 (c) Poultry and eggs — 61 (d) Wool marketing 61 2. Livestock products: demand and consumption (a) Meat 61 (b) Milk, milk products and eggs 62 (c) Wool 62 v Page V. Exports of livestock products • • 63 1. Meat exports 63 2. Exports of wool and hides (a) Wool • • • 65 (b) Hides 65 VI. Development incentives and prospects 66 Venezuela Introduction and summary 69 I. Available resources 1. Livestock and poultry population 71 2. Pasture area and livestock zones 72 II. Characteristics of production 1. Livestock production (a) Meat production 73 (b) Production of milk and milk products 75 2. Production trends (a) Meat 77 (b) Milk 77 3. Yields and productivity 78 (a) Rate of slaughter 78 (b) Meat yields 78 (c) Milk yields 79 (,d) Natality rate 79 (<?) Productivity of other factors 79 III. Factors limiting production 79 1. Livestock diseases 79 (а) Infectious and contagious diseases 79 (i) Foot-and-mouth disease 80 (ii) Bang's disease (Brucellosis abortus) 80 (iii) Bovine tuberculosis 80 (iv) Other infectious diseases 80 (б) Parasitic diseases 80 (c) Deficiency diseases 81 2. Nutritional deficiencies 81 (а) Pastures and grasses 81 (б) Inadequate pasture management 81 (c) Lack of supplementary feeding 82 3. Breed improvement • 82 4. Defective management 82 5. Marketing and distribution systems 82 (a) Livestock and meat marketing 83 (b) Marketing of milk products 84 vi Page IV. Consumption of and demandfor livestock products 1. Variations and trends in consumption levels 85 (a) Meat consumption 85 (b) Consumption of milk products 86 (c) The effect of relative prices 87 2. Break-down of consumption by origin (a) Meat 88 (b) Milk products 88 3. Comparative consumption and nutritional aims (a) Comparative consumption 89 (b) Nutritional aims 89 4. Projections of demand 90 V. Foreign trade in livestock products... 91 1. Meat imports 91 2. Imports of milk products 92 3. Other foods of animal origin 92 4. Origin of imports (a) Meat 92 lb) Milk products 92 5. Import restrictions 93 VI. Livestock development and prospects of expansion 1. Livestock development programmes 93 2. Future livestock expansion 94 TABLES Colombia 1. Total and per capita supplies of meat for consumption, 1947-49 to 1956-58 5 2. Total and per capita consumption of milk and eggs, 1947-49 to 1956-58 6 3. Break-down of consumption of livestock commodities, by market of origin 6 4. Value of imports of livestock commodities, 1948-49 to 1957-58 7 5. Comparison of consumption of foodstuffs of animal origin in selected countries 7 6. Current per capita consumption of foodstuffs of animal origin and recommended targets 8 7. Projections of domestic demand for livestock commodities, 1965 and 1970 11 8. Livestock inventories and slaughter required to satisfy future demand 11 9. Estimated livestock and poultry inventories, 1947-49 to 1956-58 12 10. Composition of cattle population 12 11. Estimated livestock population, 1958 13 12. Distribution of livestock and poultry inventories, 1958 13 13. Area used for stock farming, 1958 14 14. Composition of the cattle population, by breeds, 1954 and 1959 16 15. Value of total and per capita livestock and poultry production, 1947-58 17 16. Value of total and per capita livestock and meat production, 1947-58 18 17. Livestock production, 1947-49 to 1956-58 18 18. Livestock and meat production, 1947-49 to 1956-58 19 19. Net supplies of meat for consumption, 1947-49 to 1956-58 19 20. Livestock productivity rates and indices 21 21. Losses caused by disease and parasitic infestation, 1958 21 vii Mexico 1. Livestock population 34 2. Slaughter of main species of livestock, 1948-58 34 3. Estimated production of carcass meat,, 1948-58 35 4. Milk production and use, 1957-58 36 5. Pasture area and carrying capacity, by states 37 6. Exports of beef cattle on the hoof and carcasses, 1948-59 42 7. Imports of livestock products, 1957-59 43 8. Value of imports of livestock products, 1957-59 44 9. Estimated meat consumption, in terms of carcass meat, 1948-58 45 10. Per capita meat consumption, 1948-58 45 11. Daily per capita consumption of meat and dairy products in selected rural areas, 1959 45 12. Total and per capita consumption of milk products, 1957 and 1958 46 Uruguay 1. Cattle and poultry inventories in selected years 51 2. Geographical distribution of cattle and sheep, 1956 and 1959 51 3. Sheep-to-cattle ratio by size of farm, 1956 — — 52 4. Livestock inventories expressed in standard units, 1959 52 5. Area used for stock-fanning in 1959 52 6. Estimated value of livestock output in selected years . 54 7. Estimated output of livestock and livestock products at constant prices,; 1946-59 54 8. Rate of slaughter of livestock, 1948-50 to 1960 55 9. Estimated production of red meat, 1948-50 and 1954-60 55 10. Milk production, 1948 to 1960 56 11. Wool production, 1947/48 to 1960/61 57 12. Productivity rates and indices in the livestock sector, 1959 58 13. Apparent meat consumption, 1948-50 to 1957-59 61 14. Value of exports of livestock products, 1951-60 63 15. Meat exports, 1951-60 63 16. Wool exports, 1951-60 64 17. Exports of hides, 1951-60 65 Venezuela 1. Estimated livestock and poultry population, 1950 to 1956 71 2. Estimated break-down of cattle population by livestock activity, 1956 72 3. Livestock population in standard units, 1956 73 4. Area used for livestock, 1950 and 1956 73 5. Pasture area and livestock density, 1956 73 6.
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