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Tema 2: Introducción a Los Sistemas Linux/Unix

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´Indice Introducci´ona . Tema 2: Introducci´ona los sistemas Instalaci´ondel . Linux/Unix Uso de la l´ıneade . Programaci´onde . Manejo de ficheros . Programaci´onen . Administraci´onde Sistemas e Redes Introducci´ona Perl . Tom´asFern´andezPena P´aginawww [email protected] P´aginainicial JJ II J I P´agina1 de 347 Regresar Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar ´Indice ´Indice Introducci´ona . • Introducci´ona Unix y Linux. Instalaci´ondel . • Instalaci´ondel sistema y de software. Uso de la l´ıneade . Programaci´on de . • Uso de la l´ınea de comandos. Manejo de ficheros . • Programaci´onde scripts de administraci´on. Programaci´on en . Introducci´ona Perl . • Manejo de ficheros de texto. P´aginawww • Python y otros lenguajes de script. P´aginainicial JJ II J I P´agina2 de 347 Regresar Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar 1. Introducci´ona Unix y Linux ´Indice Introducci´ona . Caracter´ısticasde UNIX: Instalaci´ondel . • Sistema operativo potente, flexible y vers´atil. Uso de la l´ıneade . Programaci´on de . • Caracter´ısticas: portabilidad, adaptabilidad y simplicidad, naturaleza multiusuario y multitarea, adecuaci´ona re- Manejo de ficheros . des. Programaci´on en . Introducci´ona Perl . • Disponibilidad de c´odigofuente (algunas versiones) P´aginawww • Implementado casi´ıntegramente en C (lenguaje de alto nivel). P´aginainicial GNU/Linux: JJ II • Sistema operativo libre, de c´odigo abierto, similar a Unix J I • C´odigofuente con licencia GPL P´agina3 de 347 • Disponible para un gran n´umeroy variedad de sistemas: su- Regresar percomputadores, servidores, sobremesas, port´atiles,PDAs, Pantalla completa m´oviles,sistemas empotrados,. Cerrar Abandonar Historia de Unix ´Indice • Multics: proyecto de Bell Labs (AT&T), General Electrics Introducci´ona . y el MIT (1969) para el sistema GE 645 Instalaci´ondel . Uso de la l´ıneade . ? demasiado ambicioso para la ´epoca (pobre rendimiento) Programaci´on de . • Thompson y Ritchie (Bell) migran un juego (Space Travel) Manejo de ficheros . en Multics de GE 645 a PDP-7. Programaci´on en . Introducci´ona Perl . • Empiezan del desarrollo de un SO para el PDP-7 −! Surge UNIX P´aginawww • En 1970, UNIX se instala en una PDP-11 P´aginainicial • En 1971 se edita el primer UNIX Programmer's Manual. JJ II J I • En 1973 UNIX se reprograma en C (Ritchie) P´agina4 de 347 • En 1974/75 UNIX v6 se difunde fuera de los laboratorios Regresar Bell y llega a las universidades Pantalla completa ? Los investigadores tienen acceso al c´odigofuente del Cerrar UNIX de AT&T Abandonar • En 1977 la Universidad de Berkeley licencia UNIX BSD ´Indice • AT&T limita la distribuci´ondel c´odigode UNIX a partir de Introducci´ona . la v7 Instalaci´ondel . Uso de la l´ıneade . ? se dificulta el acceso al c´odigofuente Programaci´on de . ? System III: primera versi´oncomercial de UNIX (1982) Manejo de ficheros . • Dos l´ıneasprincipales: System V y BSD Programaci´on en . Introducci´ona Perl . P´aginawww P´aginainicial JJ II J I P´agina5 de 347 Regresar Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar AT&T System V ´Indice • A partir de UNIX Versi´on6 y 7, AT&T lanza, en 1982, la Introducci´ona . primer versi´onde la linea comercial de UNIX: System III Instalaci´ondel . Uso de la l´ıneade . • SysIII carec´ıade innovaciones como vi y csh Programaci´on de . • En 1983 surge System V. Inclu´ıaalgunas caracter´ısticasde Manejo de ficheros . los sistemas BSD (p.e. vi, curses,. ) Programaci´on en . Introducci´ona Perl . • En 1984 surge la SysV Release 2 y en 1987 la SVR3 P´aginawww • Finalmente, SysV Release 4 aparece en 1988 P´aginainicial • SVR4 combina SVR3, 4.3BSD, XENIX (Microsoft), SunOS (Sun Microsystems) y agrega nuevas utilidades JJ II J I P´agina6 de 347 Regresar Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar Berkeley System Distribution ´Indice • Thompson, Bill Joy (co-fundador de Sun) y Chuck Haley Introducci´ona . (1975). Instalaci´ondel . Uso de la l´ıneade . • Second Berkeley Software Distribution (2BSD), 1978, incor- Programaci´on de . pora el editor vi (versi´onvisual de ex) y el C shell. Manejo de ficheros . • En 1979, 3BSD, combina 2BSD con UNIX v7. Programaci´on en . Introducci´ona Perl . • DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) co- labora con las nuevas versiones 4BSD: 4.1BSD, 4.2BSD y en P´aginawww 1986 4.3BSD (implementaci´onde TCP/IP). P´aginainicial • Conflicto con AT&T por el uso de c´odigopropietario. JJ II • Su ´ultima versi´ones 4.4BSD-Lite Rel. 2 (1995), sin c´odigo J I propietario AT&T. En ella se basan muchas variantes: P´agina7 de 347 ? FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, Darwin (base deOSXe Regresar iOS), etc. Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar Otras versiones ´Indice La mayor´ıade los UNIX hist´oricosy actuales derivan de System Introducci´ona . V o BSD, o son una mezcla de los dos Instalaci´ondel . Uso de la l´ıneade . • XENIX: desarrollada por Microsoft en 1980 para uso en mi- Programaci´on de . croprocesadores, derivada del AT&T UNIX v7 Manejo de ficheros . • SCO OpenServer (antes SCO UNIX): derivada de XENIX Programaci´on en . y desarrollada por Santa Cruz Operation, hoy propiedad de Introducci´ona Perl . Xinuos P´aginawww • UnixWare: desarrollado por Novell a partir de System V, P´aginainicial ahora propiedad de Xinuos JJ II • SunOS: desarrollado por Sun Microsystems (ahora Oracle), en 1982, basado en BSD J I P´agina8 de 347 • Mach: microkernel desarrollado en la Carnegie-Mellon Uni- Regresar versity, basado en 4.3BSD Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar • XNU: desarrollado por Apple, kernel basado en Match, que ´Indice forma parte de Darwin Introducci´ona . • OSF/1 (Open Software Foundation): DEC, IBM y HP de- Instalaci´ondel . sarrollan un UNIX para competir con System V y SunOS: Uso de la l´ıneade . Programaci´on de . ? Basado en el kernel Mach Manejo de ficheros . ? Llamado despu´esDigital UNIX y Tru64 Programaci´on en . • GNU Hurd: conjunto de servicios que corren encima de Introducci´ona Perl . GNU Mach formando el kernel del SO de GNU P´aginawww • Minix: escrito por Andrew S. Tanenbaum de la Vrije Uni- P´aginainicial versiteit, para correr en los IBM PCs JJ II • Linux: kernel desarrollado por Linus Torvals, primera versi´on J I en 1991 P´agina9 de 347 • Android: basado en el kernel Linux, desarrollado por Google Regresar para m´ovilesy tablets Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar Versiones comerciales ´Indice • Oracle: Oracle Solaris (evoluci´onde SunOS versi´on5 y Introducci´ona . SVR4), versiones para Sparc y x86, ´ultima versi´onSolaris Instalaci´ondel . 11 (versiones open source OpenSolaris (discontinuada), illu- Uso de la l´ıneade . mos, OpenIndiana) Programaci´on de . Manejo de ficheros . • IBM: AIX( Advanced Interactive eXecutive) para servidores Programaci´on en . IBM, basado en OSF/1 y SVR4, ´ultimaversi´onAIX 7.1 Introducci´ona Perl . • HP: HP-UX, versiones para PA-RISC e Itanium, variante P´aginawww System V con caracter´ısticasde OSF/1, ´ultima versi´on11i P´aginainicial • SGI: IRIX basado en System V con extensiones BSD, para sistemas MIPS; ´ultimaversi´on 6.5 (2006) JJ II • Xinuos: OpenServer X (basado en FreeBSD), SCO OpenServer J I 6y UnixWare 7 P´agina 10 de 347 Regresar • Apple: Mac OS X, con dos partes Darwin+ Aqua (GUI); Darwin basado en Mach y BSD Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar Evoluci´onde UNIX ´Indice Introducci´ona . Instalaci´ondel . Uso de la l´ıneade . Programaci´on de . Manejo de ficheros . Programaci´on en . Introducci´ona Perl . M´asdetalles en http://www.levenez.com/unix/ P´aginawww P´aginainicial JJ II J I P´agina 11 de 347 Regresar Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar Sistemas GNU/Linux ´Indice Linux: Introducci´ona . Instalaci´ondel . 1. En agosto de 1991, el estudiante finland´esLinus Torvals, Uso de la l´ıneade . presenta en Internet la versi´on0.01 del kernel de un nuevo Programaci´on de . SO, inspirado en MINIX (aunque sin c´odigode MINIX) Manejo de ficheros . • Esta primera versi´onten´ıapoco m´asde 10.000 l´ıneasde Programaci´on en . c´odigo Introducci´ona Perl . 2. En 1992, Linux se libera bajo licencia GPL P´aginawww 3. A trav´esde Internet, muchos programadores se unieron al P´aginainicial proyecto JJ II 4. En 1994 Linux alcanz´ola versi´on1.0 J I 5. En 2003, llegamos a la versi´on2.6, con casi 6 millones de P´agina 12 de 347 l´ıneasde c´odigo Regresar 6. En 2011, versi´on3.0, en 2015 versi´on4.0 (´ultima4.2) Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar GNU: ´Indice • El proyecto GNU( GNU's Not Unix) fue iniciado en 1983 Introducci´ona . por Richard Stallman bajo los auspicios de la Free Software Instalaci´ondel . Foundation (ver noticia) Uso de la l´ıneade . Programaci´on de . ? Objetivo: crear un sistema operativo completo basado Manejo de ficheros . en software libre, incluyendo herramientas de desarrollo Programaci´on en . de software y aplicaciones Introducci´ona Perl . • En el momento de la liberaci´on,GNU no ten´ıalisto su kernel P´aginawww ? Linux fue adaptado para trabajar con las aplicaciones P´aginainicial de GNU: Sistema GNU/Linux JJ II 1. Kernel Linux + 2. Aplicaciones GNU: compilador (gcc), librer´ıaC (glibc) J I y depurador (gdb), shell bash, GNU Emacs, GNOME, P´agina 13 de 347 Gimp,. Regresar ? GNU tiene ahora su propio kernel: GNU Hurd Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar Mascotas ´Indice Introducci´ona . Instalaci´ondel . Uso de la l´ıneade . Programaci´on de . Manejo de ficheros . Programaci´on en . Introducci´ona Perl . P´aginawww P´aginainicial JJ II J I P´agina 14 de 347 Regresar Pantalla completa Cerrar Abandonar Caracter´ısticasde Linux ´Indice 1. Sistema operativo de c´odigoabierto, multitarea y multiusuario Introducci´ona . Instalaci´ondel . 2. Portable (corre en arquitecturas Intel x86 y IA64, Sparc, Uso de la l´ıneade . MIPS, PowerPC, Alpha, PARisc,.
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    Referência Debian i Referência Debian Osamu Aoki Referência Debian ii Copyright © 2013-2021 Osamu Aoki Esta Referência Debian (versão 2.85) (2021-09-17 09:11:56 UTC) pretende fornecer uma visão geral do sistema Debian como um guia do utilizador pós-instalação. Cobre muitos aspetos da administração do sistema através de exemplos shell-command para não programadores. Referência Debian iii COLLABORATORS TITLE : Referência Debian ACTION NAME DATE SIGNATURE WRITTEN BY Osamu Aoki 17 de setembro de 2021 REVISION HISTORY NUMBER DATE DESCRIPTION NAME Referência Debian iv Conteúdo 1 Manuais de GNU/Linux 1 1.1 Básico da consola ................................................... 1 1.1.1 A linha de comandos da shell ........................................ 1 1.1.2 The shell prompt under GUI ......................................... 2 1.1.3 A conta root .................................................. 2 1.1.4 A linha de comandos shell do root ...................................... 3 1.1.5 GUI de ferramentas de administração do sistema .............................. 3 1.1.6 Consolas virtuais ............................................... 3 1.1.7 Como abandonar a linha de comandos .................................... 3 1.1.8 Como desligar o sistema ........................................... 4 1.1.9 Recuperar uma consola sã .......................................... 4 1.1.10 Sugestões de pacotes adicionais para o novato ................................ 4 1.1.11 Uma conta de utilizador extra ........................................ 5 1.1.12 Configuração
  • Foot Prints Feel the Freedom of Fedora!

    Foot Prints Feel the Freedom of Fedora!

    The Fedora Project: Foot Prints Feel The Freedom of Fedora! RRaahhuull SSuunnddaarraamm SSuunnddaarraamm@@ffeeddoorraapprroojjeecctt..oorrgg FFrreeee ((aass iinn ssppeeeecchh aanndd bbeeeerr)) AAddvviiccee 101011:: KKeeeepp iitt iinntteerraaccttiivvee!! Credit: Based on previous Fedora presentations from Red Hat and various community members. Using the age old wisdom and Indian, Free software tradition of standing on the shoulders of giants. Who the heck is Rahul? ( my favorite part of this presentation) ✔ Self elected Fedora project monkey and noisemaker ✔ Fedora Project Board Member ✔ Fedora Ambassadors steering committee member. ✔ Fedora Ambassador for India.. ✔ Editor for Fedora weekly reports. ✔ Fedora Websites, Documentation and Bug Triaging projects volunteer and miscellaneous few grunt work. Agenda ● Red Hat Linux to Fedora & RHEL - Why? ● What is Fedora ? ● What is the Fedora Project ? ● Who is behind the Fedora Project ? ● Primary Principles. ● What are the Fedora projects? ● Features, Future – Fedora Core 5 ... The beginning: Red Hat Linux 1994-2003 ● Released about every 6 months ● More stable “ .2” releases about every 18 months ● Rapid innovation ● Problems with retail channel sales model ● Impossible to support long-term ● Community Participation: ● Upstream Projects ● Beta Team / Bug Reporting The big split: Fedora and RHEL Red Hat had two separate, irreconcilable goals: ● To innovate rapidly. To provide stability for the long-term ● Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ● Stable and supported for 7 years plus. A platform for 3rd party standardization ● Free as in speech ● Fedora Project / Fedora Core ● Rapid releases of Fedora Core, every 6 months ● Space to innovate. Fedora Core in the tradition of Red Hat Linux (“ FC1 == RHL10” ) Free as in speech, free as in beer, free as in community support ● Built and sponsored by Red Hat ● ...with increased community contributions.