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The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ translator: etony C.F.AN <[email protected]> Debian FAQ Authors version 5.0.1, 17 March 2012 XXX要要要 ,文cãT一些s于 Debian GNU/Linux 的8Á问题. HHHCCC声声声明明明 Copyright © 1996-2003 by Software in the Public Interest (u守v包+,文cHC声明的MÐ下, A¸6\和发布,文c的完t拷贝. (u守上述完t拷贝H,有sHC声明的MÐ下, A¸拷贝和发布ú于,文c完t拷贝的修9H,, v且, 发布@有通Ç修9 ,文c而得0的工\成果, {使(与,文c的¸可声明一致的¸可声明. (u守上述修9H,HC声明的MÐ下, A¸拷贝和发布,文cv它语言的û译H,, 如果,¸可声明有Ïê1o件ú金 会(Free Software Foundation)8Æ的S0化译,, 则uªS0化译,. i Contents 1 定定定II义与与与概概概述述述 1 1.1 什么/ Debian GNU/Linux?...............................................1 1.2 OK, 现(我知SDebian /. Linux/什么?!.......................................1 1.3 什么/ “Hurd”?.......................................................2 1.4 Debian GNU/Linux 与v他 Linux 发LH有什么不同? 为什么要选éDebian GNU/Linux?............2 1.5 Debian ¡划与ê1o件ú金会的GNU¡划 .......................................2 1.6 Debian 的发音Ê+I?...................................................2 2 Debian GNU/Linux 的的的···取取取与与与安安安ÅÅÅ 3 2.1 Debian 的最新H,/?...................................................3 2.2 如U得0 Debian 的安Å盘?................................................3 2.3 如UÎIq安Å Debian?..................................................3 2.4 我有;U:, 可以·取 Debian qÏ吗?..........................................3 2.5 可以o盘安Å吗?.......................................................3 2.6 可以Q络安Å吗?.......................................................4 3 |||¹¹¹'''问问问题题题 5 3.1 可以(什么7的l件û统上ÐL?.............................................5 3.2 与v他的linux发LH|¹L如U?.............................................5 3.3 Debian 源码与v他 Unix |¹'如U?..........................................5 3.4 我可以( RedHat/Slackware/. 上使( Debian 的包(“.deb”文件)吗? 我可以( Debian 上使( RedHat 的 rpm 包吗?..........................................................6 3.5 Debian 可以ÐL “a.out” 程序吗 ?.............................................6 3.6 IDebian 可以ÐL libc5 程序吗?..............................................6 3.7 Debian 可以编译 libc5 程序吗?..............................................6 3.8 如U安Å^ Debian <式程序?...............................................6 3.9 我ÐL foo 时为什么Ð: “ 无法~0libX11.so.6”?...................................7 3.10 为什么我不能编译需要 libtermcap 的程序?.......................................7 3.11 什么无法安Å AccelX?...................................................7 3.12 为什么我的 XFree2.1Motif )溃了?............................................7 4 Debian 的的的ooo件件件ûûû统统统 9 4.1 Debian GNU/Linux 上有£些应(程序与开发o件?..................................9 4.2 谁写的这些o件?.......................................................9 4.3 如U得0Debian的SM已开发o件列h?.........................................9 CONTENTS ii 4.4 Debian GNU/Linux :少什么?..............................................9 4.5 我编译程序时为什么会有 “ld: cannot find -lfoo” Ð:?Debian 的库文件里怎H¡有?................ 10 4.6 Debian /持 Java 吗?.................................................... 10 4.7 怎Hn定我c(使(的/ Debian û统, 怎H检查它的H,?.............................. 10 4.8 ùv他语言(^ñ语)/持的怎H7?............................................ 10 4.9 s于 US 的úãP6?.................................................... 10 4.10 如U得0 pine?........................................................ 11 5 Debian 的的的 FTP 13 5.1 Debian 的 FTP 上有ê些目U?............................................... 13 5.2 ( dists 目U有ê些H,?................................................. 13 5.3 a slink, potato, II, /什么意思?............................................ 13 5.3.1 以M(Çê些代号名?................................................ 13 5.3.2 它们源êU处?.................................................... 14 5.4 “sid” /什么?........................................................ 14 5.5 stable 目U的内¹?..................................................... 14 5.6 testing 目U的内¹?..................................................... 14 5.6.1 “frozen” /什么?.................................................. 15 5.7 unstable 目U的内¹?.................................................... 15 5.8 dists/stable/main的内¹?.............................................. 15 5.9 (ê里可以·取源ã码?................................................... 15 5.10 pool 目U下/什么 ?.................................................... 15 5.11 什么/ “incoming”?..................................................... 16 6 Debian 的的的包包包¡¡¡理理理ûûû统统统 17 6.1 什么/ Debian 包?...................................................... 17 6.2 Debian o件包的<式?................................................... 17 6.3 为什么 Debian o件包名W这H长?............................................ 17 6.4 Debian 的§6文件/什么?................................................. 18 6.5 Debian 的Mn文件 ..................................................... 18 6.6 Debian 的 preinst, postinst, prerm, 和 postrm 脚,?.................................. 18 6.7 包的优H§?......................................................... 19 6.8 什么/Z拟包?........................................................ 19 6.9 包的sT ........................................................... 19 6.10 Pre-Depends 什么意思?................................................... 20 6.11 包的¶态( unknown, install, remove purge 和 hold)?.................................... 20 6.12 如U锁定一个包?....................................................... 20 6.13 如U安Å一个 source 包?.................................................. 21 6.14 如UÎ源码创ú二进6包?................................................. 21 6.15 如Uêñ6\ Debian 包?.................................................. 21 CONTENTS iii 7 Debian 的的的包包包¡¡¡理理理工工工www 23 7.1 Ð供了ê些¡理工w?.................................................... 23 7.1.1 dpkg......................................................... 23 7.1.2 dselect........................................................ 23 7.1.3 dpkg-deb...................................................... 24 7.1.4 apt-get........................................................ 25 7.1.5 dpkg-split...................................................... 25 7.2 Debian 可以ù一个ÐL-的程序进LG§, 如UZ0的?................................ 25 7.3 我的 Debian û统上Å了ê些o件包?........................................... 25 7.4 如U~ú一个文件的R^包?................................................ 25 8 更更更新新新ûûû统统统 27 8.1 把ú于 libc5 的 Debian1.3.1(或更N)G§0ú于 libc6 的2.0H(或更高)?........................ 27 8.2 更新我的û统?........................................................ 27 8.2.1 APT.......................................................... 27 8.2.2 dpkg-ftp....................................................... 28 8.2.3 mirror........................................................ 28 8.2.4 dpkg-mountable.................................................. 28 8.3 G§o件Å{/U(7!式吗?............................................... 28 8.4 需要(l盘上保Y@有的 .deb 吗?............................................. 29 8.5 û加o件日志?........................................................ 29 9 Debian 与与与内内内888 31 9.1 可以不考Q Debian 因 编译内8吗?........................................... 31 9.2 Debian 的编译内8工w ................................................... 31 9.3 如U6\/¨o盘?..................................................... 32 9.4 Debian 下的!W¡理?................................................... 32 9.5 我可以 d旧内8吗, 如果可以, 怎HZ?......................................... 32 10 定定定666 Debian GNU/Linux 的的的安安安ÅÅÅ 33 10.1 如Un定@有的程序使(的/ø同的ub:ø(paper size)?.............................. 33 10.2 ¿问l件设备的安h问题 .................................................. 33 10.3 如U/¨Debian时加}§6台WS?............................................ 33 10.4 如UMn一个 X11 程序的默¤<?............................................. 33 10.5 }ÏÏ *linux 发LH都有不同的/¨¹式, J诉我 Debian 的¹式.......................... 33 10.6 }Ï Debian 不使( rc.local 定6/¨Ç程; £HÐ供了什么工w?......................... 34 10.7 o件包¡理工w怎7处理^ Debian <式的包?...................................... 34 10.8 不同H,o件包的文件的替ã ............................................... 34 10.9 如U© Debian 的包¡理û统¡理^ Debian <式o件包?............................... 35 10.10Debian ù不同喜}的/持?................................................. 35 CONTENTS iv 11 ···取取取 Debian GNU/Linux 的的的///持持持 37 11.1 Debian û统的v他文c?.................................................. 37 11.2 有ê些¨º Debian 的(¿D源事实上 Debian Ð供的·得技//持的;要¹法1/使( email.......... 37 11.2.1 ®件列h ....................................................... 37 11.2.2 维¤ºX ....................................................... 38 11.2.3 新ûÄ ........................................................ 38 11.3 û~ Debian GNU/Linux øsD料的ë速¹法?.................................... 38 11.4 已知错误的记U?....................................................... 38 11.5 如UÐ交一个 Debian -的错误?.............................................. 39 12 ::: Debian yyy目目目PPP``` 41 12.1 如U成为一个 Debian o件开发者?............................................ 41 12.2 如U向 Debian y目P`D源?............................................... 41 12.3 如U:Debiany目PD?.................................................. 41 12.3.1 SPIÄÇ ........................................................ 41 12.3.2 ê1o件ú金会(FSF)................................................ 41 13 \\\:::FFFÁÁÁ销销销... Debian GNU/Linux 43 13.1 我可以6\v销. Debian CD 吗??............................................ 43 13.2 可以包+^M9o件吗?................................................... 43 13.3 可以( Debian GNU/Linux 上开发我的 Linux H,吗?................................ 43 13.4 可以我的F业程序Z成 Debian 包吗?........................................... 43 14 ùùù下下下一一一个** Debian 发发发LLLHHH的的的一一一些些些UUU望望望 45 14.1 增:安h' .......................................................... 45 14.2 增:ù^ñ语(7的/持 .................................................. 45 14.3 更多的Sû结构 ....................................................... 45 14.4 更多内8 ........................................................... 45 15 sss于于于这这这ÇÇÇ FAQ 的的的一一一些些些DDD料料料 47 15.1 \者 .............................................................
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  • Free As in Freedom (2.0): Richard Stallman and the Free Software Revolution

    Free As in Freedom (2.0): Richard Stallman and the Free Software Revolution

    Free as in Freedom (2.0): Richard Stallman and the Free Software Revolution Sam Williams Second edition revisions by Richard M. Stallman i This is Free as in Freedom 2.0: Richard Stallman and the Free Soft- ware Revolution, a revision of Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software. Copyright c 2002, 2010 Sam Williams Copyright c 2010 Richard M. Stallman Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License." Published by the Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin St., Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA ISBN: 9780983159216 The cover photograph of Richard Stallman is by Peter Hinely. The PDP-10 photograph in Chapter 7 is by Rodney Brooks. The photo- graph of St. IGNUcius in Chapter 8 is by Stian Eikeland. Contents Foreword by Richard M. Stallmanv Preface by Sam Williams vii 1 For Want of a Printer1 2 2001: A Hacker's Odyssey 13 3 A Portrait of the Hacker as a Young Man 25 4 Impeach God 37 5 Puddle of Freedom 59 6 The Emacs Commune 77 7 A Stark Moral Choice 89 8 St. Ignucius 109 9 The GNU General Public License 123 10 GNU/Linux 145 iii iv CONTENTS 11 Open Source 159 12 A Brief Journey through Hacker Hell 175 13 Continuing the Fight 181 Epilogue from Sam Williams: Crushing Loneliness 193 Appendix A { Hack, Hackers, and Hacking 209 Appendix B { GNU Free Documentation License 217 Foreword by Richard M.