The Debian GNU/Linux
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Administració De Sistemes GNU Linux Mòdul4 Administració
Administració local Josep Jorba Esteve PID_00238577 GNUFDL • PID_00238577 Administració local Es garanteix el permís per a copiar, distribuir i modificar aquest document segons els termes de la GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 o qualsevol altra de posterior publicada per la Free Software Foundation, sense seccions invariants ni textos de la oberta anterior o posterior. Podeu consultar els termes de la llicència a http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html. GNUFDL • PID_00238577 Administració local Índex Introducció.................................................................................................. 5 1. Eines bàsiques per a l'administrador........................................... 7 1.1. Eines gràfiques i línies de comandes .......................................... 8 1.2. Documents d'estàndards ............................................................. 10 1.3. Documentació del sistema en línia ............................................ 13 1.4. Eines de gestió de paquets .......................................................... 15 1.4.1. Paquets TGZ ................................................................... 16 1.4.2. Fedora/Red Hat: paquets RPM ....................................... 19 1.4.3. Debian: paquets DEB ..................................................... 24 1.4.4. Nous formats d'empaquetat: Snap i Flatpak .................. 28 1.5. Eines genèriques d'administració ................................................ 36 1.6. Altres eines ................................................................................. -
Beginning Portable Shell Scripting from Novice to Professional
Beginning Portable Shell Scripting From Novice to Professional Peter Seebach 10436fmfinal 1 10/23/08 10:40:24 PM Beginning Portable Shell Scripting: From Novice to Professional Copyright © 2008 by Peter Seebach All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-1043-6 ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-4302-1043-5 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-1044-3 ISBN-10 (electronic): 1-4302-1044-3 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editor: Frank Pohlmann Technical Reviewer: Gary V. Vaughan Editorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Tony Campbell, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper, Frank Pohlmann, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Project Manager: Richard Dal Porto Copy Editor: Kim Benbow Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Katie Stence Compositor: Linda Weidemann, Wolf Creek Press Proofreader: Dan Shaw Indexer: Broccoli Information Management Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. -
GNU Guix Cookbook Tutorials and Examples for Using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager
GNU Guix Cookbook Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager The GNU Guix Developers Copyright c 2019 Ricardo Wurmus Copyright c 2019 Efraim Flashner Copyright c 2019 Pierre Neidhardt Copyright c 2020 Oleg Pykhalov Copyright c 2020 Matthew Brooks Copyright c 2020 Marcin Karpezo Copyright c 2020 Brice Waegeneire Copyright c 2020 Andr´eBatista Copyright c 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber Copyright c 2021 Joshua Branson Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". i Table of Contents GNU Guix Cookbook ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 Scheme tutorials ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 1.1 A Scheme Crash Course :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2 Packaging :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1 Packaging Tutorial:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1.1 A \Hello World" package :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1.2 Setup:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.1.2.1 Local file ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.1.2.2 `GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH' ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.1.2.3 Guix channels ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 2.1.2.4 Direct checkout hacking:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 2.1.3 Extended example :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -
Linux System Administration
Linux System Administration Jonathan Quick Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory Goals • Help you to understand how Linux starts up, keeps running, and shuts down • Give confidence in dealing with hardware and software failures • Give an overview of what you can configure and how • Show you where to find more information when you need it • For the field system and Mark5’s 2 Basic Linux Concepts • Linux Kernel – Base monolithic kernel + loadable modules – Gives standardized access to underlying hardware • Linux System / "Distribution" – Kernel + lots of software – Adds both system and application level software to the system • Background processes ("daemons") 3 System Modifications • In order to do any system-wide changes you usually have to be logged in as 'root‘ – Or have root privileges • There are a number of approaches for this – Log in as user “root” – Execute “su –” from the present user account – Execute the command directly with “sudo” • E.g. “sudo tail /var/log/kern.log” 4 Logging in as 'root' • You can change to a virtual console (Ctrl-Alt- F1) and login normally or use 'su -' • 'root' can override all permissions, start and stop anything, erase hard drives,... – So please be careful with disk names and similar! – You can browse and check many (if not most of the) things as a normal user (like 'oper'). 5 Sudo • Sudo is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give limited root privileges to users and log root activity. • The basic philosophy is to give as few privileges as possible but still allow people to get their work -
Dwarf's Guide to Debian GNU/Linux
Dwarf’s Guide to Debian GNU/Linux 2001 Dale Scheetz Dwarf’s Guide to Debian GNU/Linux Copyright c 2001 Dale Scheetz Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being Chapter 1 Introduction, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with the Back-Cover Texts being “The early development of the material in this work was produced with the financial support of Planet Linux. This support was intrumental in bringing this project to completion.” A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “Appendix 9: GNU Free Documentation License” which can be found on page 271. Trademark Acknowledgements All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. The publisher cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Apple and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. CP/M is a registered trademark of Caldera, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc. MS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. X Window System is a registered trademark of X Consortium, Inc. ii dedicated to Linux users everywhere iii CREDITS First I want to thank Ian Murdock for writing the History section. His per- spectives on those early years have helped latecomers like Dwarf understand the founding principles upon which Debian is based. -
Freehoo Version 3.5.2 User/Developers Guide, 1 May 2008
Freehoo version 3.5.2 User/Developers guide, 1 May 2008 K. Viswanathan [email protected] \Anand Babu" Periasamy [email protected] Copyright c 2002, 2007, 2008 Freehoo Core Team This is the first edition of the Freehoo documentation. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the con- ditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another lan- guage, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. i Table of Contents 1 Overview .................................. 1 2 Invoking .................................. 2 3 Freehoo commands ........................ 3 3.1 Freehoo command - * ........................................ 3 3.2 Freehoo command - <buddy> ................................. 3 3.3 Freehoo command - add ..................................... 3 3.4 Freehoo command - alias..................................... 4 3.5 Freehoo command - bell ..................................... 4 3.6 Freehoo command - broadcast ................................ 4 3.7 Freehoo command - burst-of-romance ......................... 4 3.8 Freehoo command - burst ................................... -
Dselect Documentation for Beginners
dselect Documentation for Beginners Stéphane Bortzmeyer <[email protected]> 1 Chapter 1 Introduction This file documents dselect for first-time users, and is intended to help in getting Debian installed suc- cessfully. It makes no attempt to explain everything, so when you first meet dselect, work through the help screens. dselect is used to select which packages you wish to install (there are currently around 2000 packages in Debian 2.1). It will be run for you during the install and as it is a very powerful and somewhat complex thing which can be used for good or for evil; some knowledge of it beforehand is highly recommended. Careless use of dselect can severly mess up your system. dselect will step you through the package installation process as follows: Choose the access method to use. • Update list of available packages, if possible. • Request which packages you want on your system. • Install and upgrade wanted packages. • Configure any packages that are unconfigured. • Remove unwanted software. • As each step is completed successfully it will lead you on to the next. Go through them in order without skipping any steps. Here and there in this document we talk of starting another shell. Linux has 6 console sessions or shells available at any one time. You switch betwen them by hitting Left Alt-F1 through Left Alt-F6, after which you log in on your new shell and go ahead. The console used by the install process is the first one, a.k.a., tty1, so hit Left Alt-F1 when you want to return to that process. -
Gnu/Linux Komutlari
ِب ْس ِم اللَّ ِه َّالر ْح َم ِن َّالر ِح ِيم GNU/LINUX KOMUTLARI HAZIRLANMA YILI:2013 Dağıtımı ve kopyalanması serbesttir. Yaşasın özgür yazılım dünyası 1 İÇERİK: Başlık(1) 1 İçerik(2) 2-3 Önsöz(1) 4 echo(4) 5-8 mv(5) 9-13 cp(7) 14-20 mkdir(3) 21-23 rmdir(2) 24-25 clear(1) 26 cal ve ncal(4) 27-30 pwd(1) 31 date(6) 32-37 free(2) 38-39 du(4) 40-43 df(3) 44-46 cat(2) 47-48 ls(5) 49-53 rm(2) 54-55 lspci(6) 56-61 whereis(2) 62-63 whatis ve info(1) 64 cd(1) 65 more(2) 66-67 less(6) 68-73 dircolors(1) 74 manpath(1) 75 apropos(1) 76 mandb(1) 77 history(1) 78 sort(1) 79 fdisk(1) 80 locate(2) 81-82 find(4) 83-86 ifconfig(2) 87-88 2 apt-get(2) 89-90 nano(1) 91 man(12) 92-103 aircrack-ng(2) 104-105 wesside-ng(1) 106 Diğer Bazı Komutlar(8) 107-114 Konsoldan program çalıştırmak(1) 115 Yedekleme ayarları(1) 116 testdisk(2) 117-118 Yazılım Yöneticisi(1) 119 Bazı Dosya ve Dizinlerin İşlevleri(2) 120-121 Linux Mint Temel Bilgiler (2) 122-123 Kabuk Programlama(2) 124-125 Mekke'nin Fetih Günü(1) 126 3 Önsöz GNU/Linux işletim sistemini kullanmak ayrıcalıktır. Konsol komutlarını kullanmayı iyi bilmek birçok konuda kişinin işini kolaylaştırır. GNU/Linux işletim sistemlerinin ülkemizde yaygınlaşacağı ümidini taşıyan biri olarak belki başkalarına da faydası dokunur düşüncesi ile konsol komutlarını ve bazı programları incelerken tuttuğum notları birleştirerek bu kitabı tamamladım ve paylaşıma sundum. -
EPXA10 Development Kit Getting Started User Guide
EPXA10 DDR Development Kit Getting Started User Guide 101 Innovation Drive February 2003 San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 544-7000 http://www.altera.com UG-EPXA10DDR-1.4 P25-08757-00 Copyright EPXA10 DDR Development Kit Getting Started User Guide Copyright © 2003 Altera Corporation. All rights reserved. Altera, The Programmable Solutions Company, the stylized Altera logo, specific device designations, and all other words and logos that are identified as trademarks and/or service marks are, unless noted otherwise, the trademarks and service marks of Altera Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. All other product or service names are the property of their respective holders. Altera products are protected under numerous U.S. and foreign patents and pending applications, mask work rights, and copyrights. Altera warrants performance of its semiconductor products to current specifications in accordance with Altera’s standard warranty, but reserves the right to make changes to any products and services at any time without notice. Altera assumes no responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any information, product, or service described herein except as expressly agreed to in writing by Altera Corporation. Altera customers are advised to obtain the latest version of device specifications before relying on any published information and before placing orders for products or services. ii Altera Corporation About this User Guide This user guide provides comprehensive information about getting started with the Altera® Excalibur™ EPXA10 DDR development kit. Table 1 shows the user guide revision history. Table 1. User Guide Revision History Date Description February 2003 Minor text edit. -
Referência Debian I
Referência Debian i Referência Debian Osamu Aoki Referência Debian ii Copyright © 2013-2021 Osamu Aoki Esta Referência Debian (versão 2.85) (2021-09-17 09:11:56 UTC) pretende fornecer uma visão geral do sistema Debian como um guia do utilizador pós-instalação. Cobre muitos aspetos da administração do sistema através de exemplos shell-command para não programadores. Referência Debian iii COLLABORATORS TITLE : Referência Debian ACTION NAME DATE SIGNATURE WRITTEN BY Osamu Aoki 17 de setembro de 2021 REVISION HISTORY NUMBER DATE DESCRIPTION NAME Referência Debian iv Conteúdo 1 Manuais de GNU/Linux 1 1.1 Básico da consola ................................................... 1 1.1.1 A linha de comandos da shell ........................................ 1 1.1.2 The shell prompt under GUI ......................................... 2 1.1.3 A conta root .................................................. 2 1.1.4 A linha de comandos shell do root ...................................... 3 1.1.5 GUI de ferramentas de administração do sistema .............................. 3 1.1.6 Consolas virtuais ............................................... 3 1.1.7 Como abandonar a linha de comandos .................................... 3 1.1.8 Como desligar o sistema ........................................... 4 1.1.9 Recuperar uma consola sã .......................................... 4 1.1.10 Sugestões de pacotes adicionais para o novato ................................ 4 1.1.11 Uma conta de utilizador extra ........................................ 5 1.1.12 Configuração -
MX Linux Benutzerhandbuch V
MX Linux Benutzerhandbuch v. 20210327 manual AT mxlinux DOT org MX Linux Webseite MX Linux deutschsprachiges Forum Strg-F = Dieses Handbuch durchsuchen Pos1 / Home = Zum Anfang des Dokuments Translation: Sigi Vranšak – SpinBit Informatik Schaan, 27.03.2021 Tools: LibreOffice 7.0.4, deepl.com Rückmeldungen zu diesem deutschsprachigen Handbuch bitte an: [email protected] OpenPGP 51F0D5C53CF46E29 Titel des englischen Originals: MX Linux Users Manual v. 20200801 Inhalt 1 Einleitung.........................................................................................................................................7 1.1 Über MX Linux..........................................................................................................................7 1.2 Über dieses Handbuch.............................................................................................................7 1.3 Systemanforderungen..............................................................................................................8 1.4 Unterstützung und «Lebensdauer» (EOL, End Of Life)...........................................................8 1.5 Fehler, Probleme und Anfragen, Anträge.................................................................................9 1.6 Migration, Upgrade (Aktualisierung nächste Hauptversion)..................................................10 1.7 Unsere Standpunkte...............................................................................................................10 1.7.1 Systemd..........................................................................................................................10 -
Free As in Freedom (2.0): Richard Stallman and the Free Software Revolution
Free as in Freedom (2.0): Richard Stallman and the Free Software Revolution Sam Williams Second edition revisions by Richard M. Stallman i This is Free as in Freedom 2.0: Richard Stallman and the Free Soft- ware Revolution, a revision of Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software. Copyright c 2002, 2010 Sam Williams Copyright c 2010 Richard M. Stallman Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License." Published by the Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin St., Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA ISBN: 9780983159216 The cover photograph of Richard Stallman is by Peter Hinely. The PDP-10 photograph in Chapter 7 is by Rodney Brooks. The photo- graph of St. IGNUcius in Chapter 8 is by Stian Eikeland. Contents Foreword by Richard M. Stallmanv Preface by Sam Williams vii 1 For Want of a Printer1 2 2001: A Hacker's Odyssey 13 3 A Portrait of the Hacker as a Young Man 25 4 Impeach God 37 5 Puddle of Freedom 59 6 The Emacs Commune 77 7 A Stark Moral Choice 89 8 St. Ignucius 109 9 The GNU General Public License 123 10 GNU/Linux 145 iii iv CONTENTS 11 Open Source 159 12 A Brief Journey through Hacker Hell 175 13 Continuing the Fight 181 Epilogue from Sam Williams: Crushing Loneliness 193 Appendix A { Hack, Hackers, and Hacking 209 Appendix B { GNU Free Documentation License 217 Foreword by Richard M.