DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AGREEMENT # 4600009291

ADMIN FINAL ◦ JUNE 2014

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project: Admin Final Restoration Plan

ADMIN FINAL Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Suggested Citation: Department of Water Resources and Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2014. Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project: Draft Restoration Plan. Prepared with assistance from Wetlands and Water Resources, Inc., San Rafael, California and Stillwater Sciences, Davis, California for Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, California. Contract No. 4200009291. June.

June 2014 i ADMIN FINAL Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Table of Contents

Abreviations ...... vi 1 Introduction ...... 1-1 1.1 Project Site ...... 1-1 1.2 Restoration Actions ...... 1-2 2 Project Purpose, Goal, and Objectives ...... 2-1 2.1 Purpose ...... 2-1 2.2 Project Goal ...... 2-2 2.3 Project Objectives ...... 2-2 3 Regional Setting ...... 3-1 3.1 Landscape Position ...... 3-1 3.2 Regional Ecosystem Restoration Efforts ...... 3-3 4 Existing Site Conditions ...... 4-1 4.1 Site History ...... 4-1 4.2 Current Land Use and Ownership ...... 4-3 4.2.1 Surrounding properties ...... 4-3 4.2.2 Nearby municipal areas ...... 4-5 4.3 Physical Resources ...... 4-7 4.3.1 Levees ...... 4-7 4.3.2 Soils ...... 4-9 4.3.3 Topography ...... 4-11 4.3.4 Site hydrology ...... 4-13 4.3.5 Adjacent channels and sloughs ...... 4-17 4.3.6 Sediment Regime in Miner Slough ...... 4-19 4.3.7 Utilities, gas wells, mineral rights, infrastructure, easements ..... 4-20 4.4 Biological Resources ...... 4-23 4.4.1 Natural communities ...... 4-23 4.4.2 Special-status species ...... 4-26 4.4.3 Jurisdictional wetlands and waters ...... 4-42 4.5 Cultural Resources ...... 4-44 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous Materials ...... 4-45 5 Opportunities and Constraints ...... 5-1 6 Proposed Project and Alternatives ...... 6-1 6.1 Overview of Proposed Project and Alternatives ...... 6-1 6.2 Proposed Project ...... 6-11 6.2.1 South property levee repair ...... 6-17 6.2.2 Pre-construction site preparation: dewatering, clearing and grubbing, access roads and ramps, staging areas ...... 6-17 6.2.3 Pre-restoration invasive plant species control ...... 6-21

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6.2.4 Debris, old infrastructure, and dead tree/snag removal ...... 6-26 6.2.5 Excavate constructed channel network ...... 6-27 6.2.6 Block or fill remnant agricultural ditches ...... 6-30 6.2.7 Construct interior topographic features ...... 6-30 6.2.8 Construct eastern toe berm ...... 6-31 6.2.9 Construct eastern intertidal bench ...... 6-34 6.2.10 Breach internal cross levee ...... 6-36 6.2.11 Construct breach velocity dissipation feature ...... 6-38 6.2.12 Dredge Miner Slough spur channel ...... 6-40 6.2.13 Breach Miner Slough levee ...... 6-40 6.2.14 Construction implementation schedule ...... 6-43 6.2.15 Anticipated Future Habitat Conditions, Proposed Project ...... 6-43 6.3 Post Construction Site Maintenance, Monitoring, and Adaptive Management Activities ...... 6-48 6.4 Restoration Alternative 1 ...... 6-49 6.5 Restoration Alternative 2 ...... 6-49 6.5.1 Construct Overflow Weir ...... 6-49 6.5.2 Breach Miner Slough levee ...... 6-50 6.5.3 Anticipated Future Habitat Conditions, Alternative 2 ...... 6-50 6.6 Restoration Alternative 3 ...... 6-56 6.6.1 Breach Miner Slough levee ...... 6-56 6.6.2 Anticipated Future Habitat Conditions, Alternative 3 ...... 6-57 7 Contributing Authors ...... 7-1 8 Literature Cited ...... 8-1

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List of Tables Table 1-1. Project Areas ...... 1-1 Table 3-1. Natural, Constructed, and Planned Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in the Cache- Yolo Region...... 3-3 Table 4-1. Elevations of DWR and Port Prospect Island Properties ...... 4-11 Table 4-2. Tidal Datums in the Vicinity of Prospect Island...... 4-15 Table 4-3. Special-status Plant Occurrences Documented at the Project Site (CNDDB; DWR, unpubl. data)...... 4-28 Table 4-4. Special-status Fish Species with the Potential to Occur at the Project Site...... 4-31 Table 4-5. Special-status Wildlife Species with the Potential to Occur at the Project Site...... 4-36 Table 4-6. Preliminary USACE jurisdictional waters and wetlands in the Project area...... 4-42 Table 5-1. Prospect Island Opportunities and Constraints Summary...... 5-2 Table 6-1. General Project Features ...... 6-5 Table 6-2. Restoration Activities and Features of the Proposed Project and Alternatives ...... 6-6 Table 6-3. Restoration Features Quantities for Proposed Project and Alternatives ...... 6-14 Table 6-4. Removal techniques for aquatic emergent and terrestrial non-native invasive plant species (WWR-Stillwater Sciences 2013)...... 6-22 Table 6-5. Timeline of invasive plant species removal techniques...... 6-24 Table 6-6. Estimated Construction Implementation Timing ...... 6-43 Table 6-7. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, Projected As-Built, and Future, Proposed Project1 ...... 6-45 Table 6-8. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, Projected As-Built, and Future, Alternative 21 ... 6-52 Table 6-9. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, Projected As-Built, and Future, Alternative 31 ... 6-58

List of Figures Figure 1-1. Project Location...... 1-4 Figure 1-2. Prospect Island Site and Surrounding Features...... 1-5 Figure 3-1. Natural Communities in the Project Vicinity ...... 3-2 Figure 3-2. Restoration Efforts in the Cache-Yolo Region...... 3-5 Figure 4-1. Land Ownership at Prospect Island...... 4-6 Figure 4-2. Levees at Prospect Island...... 4-8 Figure 4-3. Soils at Prospect Island...... 4-10 Figure 4-4. Elevations at Prospect Island...... 4-12 Figure 4-5. Tidal Datum Variations in Prospect Island Vicinity...... 4-16 Figure 4-6. Miner Slough Stage versus Flow for the 1- to 5-Year Recurrence Interval Storm Flow...... 4-18 Figure 4-7. Infrastructure and Easements at Prospect Island...... 4-22 Figure 4-8. Vegetation Communities 2007/2008 and 2014 at Prospect Island...... 4-24 Figure 4-9. Special-status Plant Species Occurrences Documented in CNDDB within a 5-mile Vicinity of the Project Site...... 4-29 Figure 4-10. Special-status Wildlife Species Occurrences Documented in CNDDB within a 5- mile Vicinity of the Project Site...... 4-41 Figure 4-11. Waters and wetlands in the Project area (overview)...... 4-43 Figure 6-1. General Schematics of Proposed Project and Alternatives ...... 6-4 Figure 6-2. Proposed Project...... 6-12 Figure 6-3. Site Preparation ...... 6-13

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Figure 6-4 Typical Constructed Channel Cross Sections ...... 6-29 Figure 6-5. Eastern Toe Berm Typical Cross Section ...... 6-33 Figure 6-6. Eastern Intertidal Bench Typical Cross Section ...... 6-35 Figure 6-7. Internal Cross Levee Breach Cross Section ...... 6-37 Figure 6-8. Breach Velocity Dissipation Feature...... 6-39 Figure 6-9. Miner Slough Levee Breach Cross Section ...... 6-42 Figure 6-10. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, As-Built, and Future - Proposed Project ...... 6-46 Figure 6-11. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, As-Built, and Future Conditions - Typical Profiles ...... 6-47 Figure 6-12. Restoration Alternative 2...... 6-53 Figure 6-13. High Stage Miner Slough Overflow Weir Conceptual Engineering Detail ...... 6-54 Figure 6-14. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, As-Built, and Future - Alternative 2 ...... 6-55 Figure 6-15. Restoration Alternative 3...... 6-59 Figure 6-16. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, As-Built, and Future - Alternative 3 ...... 6-60

List of Appendices Appendix A. Special-status Plant Species Documented in CNDDB and CNPS in the Project Vicinity and Potential to Occur in the Project Site Appendix B. Special-status Wildlife and Fish Species Documented in CNDDB in the Project Vicinity and Potential to Occur in the Project Site

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ABREVIATIONS

Acronym Definition ac acre ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation APE area of potential effects BDCP Bay Delta Conservation Plan BiOps Biological Opinions CALFED CALFED Bay‐Delta Program Cal‐IPC California Invasive Plant Council CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife CDTSC California Department of Toxic Substances Control CESA California Endangered Species Act cfs cubic feet per second Cm Columbia fine sandy loam CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database CNPS California Native Plant Society CSC Cache Slough Complex CVP Central Valley Project CVRWQCB Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board DOC dissolved organic carbon DPR California Department of Pesticide Regulation DPS distinct population segments DRERIP Delta Ecosystem Restoration Implementation Plan DWR Department of Water Resources DWSC Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel EIR Environmental Impact Report ERP Ecosystem Restoration Program ESA Endangered Species Act ETM estuarine turbidity maximum °F Fahrenheit FAST Fish Agency Strategy Team FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FRP Fish Restoration Plan FRPA Fish Restoration Program Agreement ft feet IBA Important Bird Area IEP Interagency Ecological Program ITP Incidental Take Permit

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Acronym Definition LGP low ground pressure MCY Million cubic yards MHHW Mean higher high water MHW Mean higher water MLLW Mean lower low water MLW Mean lower water NAHC Native American Heritage Commission NAVD88 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 NCCPA Natural Communities Conservation Planning Act NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places NTU nephelometric turbidity units NWIC Northwest Information Center OHP Office of Historic Preservation PCI Parus Consulting, Inc. PG&E Pacific Gas & Electric Company PRC Public Resources Code RD Reclamation District ROD Record of Decision RPA Reasonable and Prudent Alternative Ry Ryde clay loam Sa Sacramento silty clay loam SAV Submerged aquatic vegetation Sd Sacramento Clay SRFCP Sacramento River Flood Control Project SSC Suspended solids concentration SWP State Water Project Tu Tujunga fine sand USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USBR U.S. Bureau of Reclamation USC United States Code USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Society Va Valdez silt loam WWR Wetlands and Water Resources

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1 1 INTRODUCTION

2 This Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project (Project) Draft Restoration 3 Plan (Plan) describes the proposed actions needed to restore up to 1,600 acres 4 (ac) of diked lands to tidal wetlands.

5 1.1 Project Site 6 The Project site is located in Solano County, in the northern Sacramento-San 7 Joaquin River Delta (Delta) (Figure 1-1). Prospect Island falls under two 8 ownerships: the approximately 1,300-ac northern property is owned by the 9 California Department of Water Resources (DWR), and the southern, 10 approximately 300-ac portion is owned by the Port of West Sacramento (Port). 11 There are three privately owned properties contiguous to the site: the Stringer 12 property, a small peninsula connected to the southeast margin of the DWR 13 property; the Hall property, a small peninsula connected to the southeast margin 14 of the Port property; and the Fahn property, actively farmed land north of the 15 Project boundary. A privately operated marina, Arrowhead Harbor, is located at 16 the northeastern corner of the site (Figure 1-2). 17 18 With the exception of discussion of site topography (Section 4.3.3), three areal 19 extents are used for the purposes of this Restoration Plan and interrelated 20 environmental analyses of the Project. The Tidal Restoration Footprint is the 21 area internal to the levees that would be subject to tidal action following 22 restoration. The Diked Lands Project Area represents all diked lands that would 23 be restored and potentially used to construct the Project, and extends outward to 24 the high tide line on the exterior side of the levees. The Construction Project 25 Area represents the Diked Lands Project Area plus all potential exterior in-water 26 work areas (Table 1-1). 27 28 Table 1-1. Project Areas Area (acres) North South Boundary Description (DWR) (Port) Total Property Property Tidal restoration footprint1 1,250 275 1,525 Diked Lands Project Area2 1,373 301 1,674 Construction Project Area2 1,376 309 1,685 29 1 North and south split as each side of internal cross levee 30 2 North and south split at property line just south of internal cross levee 31

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1 Prospect Island is part of the Sacramento River Flood Control Project (SRFCP). 2 It was separated from the southern end of the 59,000-ac Yolo Bypass by the 3 Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel (DWSC), constructed by the U.S. Army 4 Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the 1960s. The entire site is enclosed by a levee 5 system with lower (‘restricted’) heights, designed to allow overtopping in large 6 flood events. The Project site has one internal cross levee that separates the 7 DWR (north) property and the Port (south) property (Figure 1-2). The Project site 8 is bounded on the east by Miner Slough, on the west by the DWSC, on the south 9 by the 37-ac Miner Slough Wildlife Area, managed by the California Department 10 of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), and on the north by a levee that runs from 11 Arrowhead Harbor to the DWSC (Figure 1-2). 12

13 1.2 Restoration Actions 14 The Project will consist of a suite of actions necessary for site preparation, 15 restoration, minimizing or avoiding potential adverse impacts, post-restoration 16 monitoring, and maintenance. Some activities are incorporated in the Proposed 17 Project description, while others may be incorporated into the Project and/or 18 alternatives depending on results of the EIR analyses. These elements are listed 19 below and described in detail in Chapter 6. 20 21 Actions that will be included in the Proposed Project description 22 1. Pre-construction site preparation, including repairing the leak in the south 23 property levee, dewatering, clearing and grubbing, constructing access 24 roads and ramps, and preparing staging areas, for the purpose of 25 implementing all of the actions listed below. 26 2. Invasive species control, for the purpose of reducing the potential for 27 ecological or other invasive species impairments within the restoration site 28 and surrounding areas. 29 3. Debris removal, to reduce non-native fish predator habitat on the restored 30 site. 31 4. Excavation of tidal slough channels, for the purpose of facilitating internal 32 tidal circulation and external connectivity. 33 5. Placement of excavated soils into selected remnant agricultural ditches, for 34 the purpose of promoting target tidal circulation and tidal channel formation. 35 6. Placement of excavated soils into the site interior, for the purpose of 36 creating internal topographic features and thus ecological variability.

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1 7. Placement of excavated soils to construct a gently sloped eastern toe berm 2 on the interior side of the eastern levee, for the purpose of improving levee 3 erosion protection. 4 8. Placement of excavated soils to construct an eastern intertidal bench in 5 areas interior to the Miner Slough levee and adjacent to subtidal areas, for 6 the purpose of improving levee erosion protection. 7 9. Removal of a portion of the internal cross levee, for the purpose of 8 connecting the north and south properties hydrologically, and promoting 9 tidal circulation and external connectivity. 10 10. Excavation of one or more levee breach(es) to Miner Slough, for the 11 purpose of restoring tidal connectivity. 12 11. Placement of excavated soils into the site interior at levee breach 13 locations, for the purpose of reducing velocity gradients at levee breaches. 14 12. Dredging of the spur channel between Miner Slough and the south 15 property and placement of dredged material within Prospect Island (if it 16 meets sediment quality standards), for the purpose of providing unimpeded 17 tidal exchange. 18 19 Actions that may be included in the Proposed Project description and/or 20 restoration alternatives 21 1. Installation of a fixed-height, high-stage overflow weir connecting to Miner 22 Slough in the northeast corner of the Project site, for the purpose of 23 providing winter high-flow connectivity to Miner Slough and upstream 24 sloughs that connect to the Sacramento River. 25 2. Measures to maintain access to private properties. 26

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1 2 PROJECT PURPOSE, GOAL, AND OBJECTIVES

2 The Project is intended to partially fulfill the 8,000-ac tidal habitat restoration 3 obligations of California Department of Water Resources (DWR), contained 4 within Reasonable and Prudent Alternative (RPA) 4 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 5 Service Delta Smelt Biological Opinion (BiOp) (USFWS 2008) and referenced in 6 RPA I.6.1 of the National Marine Fisheries Service Salmonid BiOp (NMFS 2009), 7 for long-term coordinated operations of the State Water Project and the federal 8 Central Valley Project. The Project could also serve towards fulfillment of tidal 9 restoration objectives under the proposed Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP), 10 upon its approval. 11

12 2.1 Purpose 13 The BiOps underlying the Fish Restoration Program (FRP) establish the problem 14 statement, and identify tidal and associated subtidal restoration as a component 15 of the larger strategy for protection and potential recovery of the covered species. 16 The BiOps thus establish the Project purpose. The broader policy efforts driving 17 restoration in the Delta—the Delta Plan, the Ecosystem Restoration Program 18 (ERP) Stage 2 Conservation Strategy, and the pending BDCP—provide 19 secondary guidance on how Prospect Island tidal wetland restoration is carried 20 out. In addition, DWR’s Environmental Stewardship Policy mandates the 21 inclusion of ecosystem and species restoration in DWR activities. 22 23 The BiOps identify fundamental impairments to Delta Smelt and juvenile 24 salmonids within the tidal reaches of the Delta, for which tidal and subtidal 25 Delta/Suisun Marsh restoration is an intended remedy: 26 27 Delta Smelt 28  Food limited (USFWS 2008, p.189–190) 29  Water quality inhibited (USFWS 2008, p.189–190) 30 31 Juvenile Salmon 32  Floodplain rearing habitat limited (NMFS 2009, p.49) 33  Water quality inhibited (NMFS 2009, p.49) 34 35 The premise for tidal and subtidal restoration, thus, is that it can reduce these 36 limitations through restoration of aquatic food webs, water quality, and rearing

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1 habitat, or through indirect effects that contribute to such improvements external 2 to a restoration site. 3

4 2.2 Project Goal 5 The Project goal is to restore intertidal and associated subtidal habitat to the 6 interior of Prospect Island. This includes the restoration of processes, structures, 7 and functions that: (1) promote primary and secondary productivity to support 8 delta smelt; and (2) enhance migratory pathways for salmonids by increasing the 9 amount and quality of rearing habitat. 10

11 2.3 Project Objectives 12 Project objectives are measureable actions that collectively describe what must 13 be accomplished in order to meet the Project goal. Our understanding of how 14 restoration is expected to yield benefits to Delta Smelt and juvenile salmonids— 15 the science relating covered species’ life history requirements to functions that 16 restored tidal lands can provide, and the mechanisms by which those functions 17 are provided—drives the details of fulfilling the restoration obligations of the 18 BiOps. This science drives decisions about where restoration efforts are located, 19 specifics of the restoration design, and how the effectiveness of restoration 20 efforts is assessed. 21 22 The six Project objectives (DWR 2013) are to: 23 1. Enhance primary and secondary productivity and food availability for Delta 24 Smelt and other native fishes within Prospect Island and surrounding 25 Delta waterways. 26 2. Increase the quantity and quality of salmonid rearing habitat within and in 27 the areas surrounding Prospect Island. 28 3. Increase the amount and quality of habitats to support other listed species, 29 to the extent they can be supported by site conditions and natural 30 processes. 31 4. Provide other ecosystem benefits associated with increased Delta 32 freshwater tidal marsh habitat, including water quality enhancement, 33 recreation, and carbon sequestration. 34 5. To the greatest extent practical, promote habitat resiliency to changes in 35 future Delta conditions, such as land use conversions, climate change, 36 sea level rise, and invasive species.

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1 6. Avoid promoting conditions adverse to Project biological objectives, such 2 as those which would favor establishment or spread of invasive exotic 3 species. 4

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1 3 REGIONAL SETTING

2 This chapter describes the regional setting of the Project within its landscape 3 context in the northern Delta. This context contributes to defining the specific 4 restoration alternatives (Chapter 6) to meet the Project goal and objectives 5 (Chapter 2), including both the target ecological benefits and the range of impact 6 minimization and avoidance measures. Topics covered in this chapter begin with 7 the importance of Prospect Island’s landscape position.

8 3.1 Landscape Position 9 Prospect Island is located at a unique landscape position in the northern Delta. 10 The Project site sits between the Cache Slough Complex (CSC) to the west at 11 the downstream end of the Yolo Bypass, and the Sacramento River to the east 12 via its distributary channel, Miner Slough (Figure 1-1). The CSC is a 53,000-ac 13 region in the northern Delta composed of extensive diked lands mostly in 14 agricultural use; two large and four small flooded islands that now contain tidal 15 marsh and shallow tidal open waters; tidal sloughs, many of which support tidal 16 marsh and riparian margins and in-channel islands; and the southern end of the 17 Yolo Bypass (Figure 3-1). Turbidity levels in portions of the CSC are often the 18 highest observed in the Delta, providing an important habitat benefit (cover from 19 predators) to native fishes (Morgan-King and Schoellhamer 2013). The CSC has 20 been identified as important spawning and rearing grounds for migratory Delta 21 Smelt, in addition to supporting a year-round non-migratory population of Delta 22 Smelt (Sommer and Mejia 2013). This is thought to be due to a combination of 23 factors, including locally high turbidity, abundance of productive tidal marsh and 24 shallow tidal aquatic habitats, connectivity to the Yolo Bypass, and the 25 hydrodynamic influence of the large, shallow flooded islands creating a wide 26 range of hydraulic residence times (the duration of time that a particle of water in 27 the water column stays in one area) in various parts of the CSC. 28 29 Miner Slough connects the Sacramento River to the habitats in the CSC, and is a 30 migration corridor for Sacramento River adult and juvenile Chinook salmon 31 populations (Perry and Skalski 2009, Perry et al. 2013). Tidal restoration along 32 this corridor will offer directly accessible habitats for migratory salmonids. The net 33 downstream flow in Miner Slough creates a local setting where tidal influence 34 diminishes rapidly over a short distance, reflecting the transition from the tidal 35 Delta to the riverine Sacramento River. This hydrodynamic setting affords 36 opportunities for variable aquatic residence times and tidal mixing with 37 reconnection of Prospect Island. 38

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1 3.2 Regional Ecosystem Restoration Efforts 2 The landscape position and identified ecological functions of the CSC, in 3 combination with its sparse urban development and infrastructure, relatively 4 intact hydrologic connections to tidal influence, and little land subsidence as 5 compared with the central Delta, have made the region a focus for ecosystem 6 restoration since the early development of the CALFED ERP in the 1990s. 7 Several other ecosystem restoration efforts are planned in the CSC and on the 8 Yolo Bypass upstream of the CSC. In addition, this region has seen a number of 9 previous restoration actions, some planned and others initiated by unintended 10 levee failures (Figure 3-2 and Table 3-1). 11 12 Table 3-1. Natural, Constructed, and Planned Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in the Cache-Yolo 13 Region.

Name Size (ac) 1 Hydrology Year NATURAL RESTORATIONS (flooded islands) Prospect Island West 310 Tidal ~1963 Little Holland Tract 1,456 Tidal 1983, 1992 Little Hastings Tract 160 Tidal ~1992 Liberty Island 4,340 Tidal 1998 Sometime between Hall Island 14 Tidal 1993 and 2002 CONSTRUCTED RESTORATIONS Cache Slough Mitigation Area (Liberty Farms 170 Tidal 1991 Tip) (DWR) Liberty Island Conservation Bank (Wildlands) 185 Tidal and floodplain 2010 PLANNED RESTORATIONS Lower Yolo (SFCWA) 1,749 Tidal and floodplain Prospect Island (DWR) 1,525 Tidal Calhoun Cut (also referred to as Lindsey Slough) 160 Tidal Enhancement (DFW) Fluvial and Putah Creek Realignment (DFW) 648 floodplain Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area Tidal Marsh 758 Tidal and floodplain Enhancement (DFW) NRCS WETLAND RESERVE PROGRAM NON‐TIDAL WETLAND ENHANCEMENTS Liberty Farms 1,634 Non‐tidal 2003 Peter’s Pocket 101 Non‐tidal 2005 Los Rios Unit 153 Non‐tidal 2005 Ryer Island 175 Non‐tidal 2006 Mound Farms 689 Non‐tidal 2013 Other WRP Sites 1,537 Non‐tidal Unknown

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Name Size (ac) 1 Hydrology Year PROJECTS BEING CONSIDERED Liberty Island Enhancement Tidal Little Holland Tract Enhancement Tidal BDCP Conservation Measure 2 Yolo Bypass Floodplain Floodplain Enhancement 1 Notes: 2 1 Acreage values tentative and may change depending on specific restoration designs of each property. 3 Values reflect currently known extent of diked lands at intertidal elevations. 4 5

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1 4 EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS

2 After a brief discussion of the Project site history (Section 4.1), this chapter 3 describes the existing site conditions occurring at Prospect Island since its 4 acquisition by DWR in 2010, including: current land use (Section 4.2), a 5 discussion of physical resources (Section 4.3), biological resources (Section 4.4), 6 cultural resources (Section 4.5), and potential hazards and hazardous materials 7 (Section 4.6). 8

9 4.1 Site History 10 Levees around Prospect Island were first constructed during the late nineteenth 11 century. At that time, the tidal slough that formed the northern boundary of the 12 island was diked as well, connecting Prospect Island to other reclaimed lands to 13 the north. A cross levee was constructed and has been maintained to keep 14 Prospect Island hydrologically separated from the lands to the north. The first 15 ownership claims of the island date back to 1860. 16 17 Prospect Island was made part of the Sacramento River Flood Control Project 18 when that project was constructed in the early twentieth century. Like other lands 19 at the southern end of the Yolo Bypass (Little Holland Tract, Liberty Island, Little 20 Egbert Tract), all of the Prospect Island levees were constructed and maintained 21 as “restricted height levees”, designed to overtop during larger floods to provide 22 additional flood storage capacity. By design, therefore, agricultural operations on 23 the island were subject to interruption and damage during flood events. 24 According to Hopf (2011), there were levee breaches and/or flooding on Prospect 25 Island in 1919, 1938, 1940, 1962, 1963, 1980, 1981, 1983 (twice), and 1986. 26 Following these events, the levees were repaired and the island was pumped dry 27 to return the land to agricultural use. 28 29 The Port purchased the island around the early 1950s for construction of the 30 DWSC (R. Toft, pers. comm. 2014). All levees surrounding Prospect Island were 31 kept at the restricted height elevations, including the western levee, which forms 32 the eastern side of the DWSC and, with construction of the DWSC, became 33 designated as a federal navigation levee. The south property was used as a 34 receiving site for dredge material during construction. The Port maintained 35 ownership of the 300-ac south property after construction of the DWSC. The 36 property has not been used for dredged material placement since construction of 37 the DWSC, and may have been farmed between 1963 and 1997, although crop 38 records are not available. The Port currently holds the land as mitigation for

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1 dredging activities, and leases the property for duck hunting. (R. Toft, pers. 2 comm. 2014). 3 4 After the DWSC was constructed in 1963, the 1,300-ac north property was sold 5 by the Port to the Sakata brothers, and Reclamation District (RD) 1667 was 6 activated to maintain the north property as farmland (R. Toft, pers. comm. 2014). 7 The Sakata brothers maintained ownership until the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 8 (USBR) acquired the site in 1995 (DWR 2012). During the final year of 9 agricultural production, wheat, corn, and safflower were grown on the site 10 (USACE and DWR 2001). 11 12 The USBR purchased the north property in 1995 as part of a multi-agency effort 13 to restore wetland and riparian habitats in the Delta. Prospect Island and two 14 others purchased with public funds (Liberty Island and Little Holland Tract) were 15 to be part of a proposed North Delta National Wildlife Refuge and to be managed 16 by the USFWS, but efforts to establish a refuge did not move ahead. 17 18 In March 1995, flooding caused two levee breaches at the site, one in the Miner 19 Slough levee on the south property and a second at the internal cross levee 20 separating the south property from the north property. The levee breaches were 21 repaired and the north property was pumped dry in July 1996; however, the site 22 was again flooded in 1997 before farming could resume. Levee repairs were 23 completed in 1999; farming activities were not resumed following these repairs 24 (USACE and DWR 2001). The levees breached again in 2006, including a failure 25 of the internal cross levee. These repeated levee failures were eventually 26 repaired (at great expense), but lands remained flooded for extended periods 27 following each breaching event before the island was again pumped dry. 28 29 Following the early 2008 repair of the 2006 levee breach, pumping flood water off 30 of the north property was discontinued. During this time, the flap gate on the 31 small drainage culvert on Miner Slough was damaged, allowing inundation and 32 very limited but regular water exchange between Prospect Island and Miner 33 Slough (see Section 4.3.4 below). 34 35 DWR acquired the northern portion of Prospect Island from USBR in January 36 2010 and reactivated the Prospect Island Reclamation District (RD 1667) in 37 January 2014 to facilitate regular maintenance of Prospect Island levees.The 38 Miner Slough culvert flap gate was repaired in February 2014.

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1 4.2 Current Land Use and Ownership 2 The Project site (including both the north property and south property) is currently 3 flooded, uncultivated land. The south property has a very “porous” breach repair 4 consisting of large boulders (a few feet in diameter) with little to no soils in 5 between them. Though no measurements have been made, field observations 6 suggest that the south property experiences a limited tidal exchange with Miner 7 Slough. The interior of the south property is largely shallow aquatic habitat with 8 portions invaded by aquatic weeds and fringed by emergent marsh and riparian 9 vegetation. During the winter waterfowl season, the Port leases out its property 10 for waterfowl hunting. 11 12 The north property has roughly 0.05 ft of daily tidal exchange immediately next to 13 a small culvert when the flap gate is open (see Section 4.3.4). The interior of the 14 north property consists of a mixture of shallow aquatic habitat and emergent 15 marsh, with a fringe of emergent marsh and riparian vegetation around the 16 edges. Invasive aquatic plants are found in much of the aquatic habitat. Section 17 4.4.1 provides a more detailed description of current natural communities. 18 19 Ownership is shown in Figure 4-1. DWR owns most of the lands comprising the 20 northern portion of Prospect Island, north of the internal cross levee. The Port 21 owns most of the lands south of the internal cross levee. The Port owns the 22 DWSC, and those parcels extend east into the interior of Prospect Island along 23 its entire western side. Along Miner Slough within the south property is one small 24 private inholding and a second piece of land with no assigned County Assessor’s 25 parcel. The unassigned land appears to be an old meander bend from the time 26 before Miner Slough was straightened, and the private inholding appears to be 27 the meander cutoff. 28 29 The adjacent DWSC allows cargo vessels to access the Port of West 30 Sacramento. Recreational vessels use the DWSC and Miner Slough, including 31 the two small side channels, for fishing and recreational boating. The Solano 32 County General Plan designates both the north and south properties as intensive 33 agriculture, a non-essential agricultural land-use designation, with a “Resource 34 Conservation Overlay” (R. Glass, Solano County Department of Environmental 35 Management, pers. comm., 2001, as cited in USACE and DWR 2001; PCI 2012). 36 37 4.2.1 Surrounding properties 38 Prospect Island is flanked by the DWSC to the west and Miner Slough to the east 39 (Figure 1-2). On the western side of the DWSC lies the flooded Liberty Island,

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1 and to the east, across Miner Slough, is Ryer Island. The Fahn property and 2 Arrowhead Harbor are located just north of Prospect Island. 3 4 There are three small additional properties adjacent or connected to Prospect 5 Island. These include the Miner Slough Wildlife Area to the south, Hall Island 6 along the Miner Slough side of the south property, and the Stringer property 7 adjacent to Miner Slough in the central part of the DWR-owned north parcel 8 (Figure 1-2). Additional information on the ownership and land use of the 9 surrounding properties is detailed below. 10 11 Miner Slough Wildlife Area 12 Located adjacent to the south end of Prospect Island is the Miner Slough Wildlife 13 Area. Managed by CDFW, the Miner Slough Wildlife Area is a 37-ac tidal and 14 riparian reserve. With only 10 ac above the high tide water elevation, the Miner 15 Slough Wildlife Area is composed of one small island and a narrow peninsula 16 extending from Prospect Island. The Miner Slough Wildlife Area is home to 17 willows, cottonwoods, tules, blackberries, and other plant species, and supports 18 a variety of wildlife species, including beaver (Castor canadensis), black-crowned 19 night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), and other waterfowl (CDFG 2009). 20 21 Ryer Island 22 To the east across Miner Slough is Ryer Island. With the exceptions of the Snug 23 Harbor Resort residential area on the southeastern portion of the island, a marina 24 on the southern tip, and a Wetland Reserve Program managed wetland near 25 Miner Slough, the vast majority of Ryer Island is actively farmed. 26 27 Hall Island 28 Hall Island is a privately owned island almost completely enclosed by Prospect 29 Island on Miner Slough. The 21-ac property was once connected by a road to 30 Prospect Island and supported multiple residences. The island flooded sometime 31 between 1993 and 2002 and has since reverted mainly to open water with a 32 fringe of tidal marsh and riparian vegetation. Currently, the only infrastructure 33 remaining is a small, decrepit boat dock and associated development on the 34 southern tip. Legal access to Hall Island is via Prospect Island levees. The 35 restoration planning process will have to determine whether the access 36 easement must be maintained or if it can be extinguished now that the island is 37 abandoned. 38

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1 Stringer property 2 The Stringer property is a small, privately owned parcel of land connected to the 3 DWR-owned northern portion of Prospect Island bordering Miner Slough. Most of 4 the small parcel has flooded and reverted to a mixture of open water, tidal marsh, 5 and riparian vegetation. The Stringer family maintains a single family residence 6 on the northern portion. Legal access to the Stringer property is via Prospect 7 Island levees. Ongoing access, or negotiated extinguishment of the access 8 easement, will have to be provided in some manner as part of the Project. 9 10 Fahn property 11 The Fahn property is agricultural land just north of Prospect Island. It is a 12 remnant of Little Holland Tract, which was bisected by construction of the DWSC. 13 The Fahn property is separated from Prospect Island by a northern cross levee 14 extending from Arrowhead Harbor to the DWSC. 15 16 Arrowhead Harbor 17 Arrowhead Harbor is located just north of Prospect Island across Miner Slough, 18 at the southwestern tip of the Clarksburg Agricultural District. This small 5-ac 19 harbor is the closest marina to the Project site, and the only one currently 20 operational on Miner Slough. 21 22 4.2.2 Nearby municipal areas 23 The City of Rio Vista and the Rio Vista Municipal Airport are located 24 approximately 3 miles southwest of Prospect Island (Figure 1-1). The largest 25 major metropolitan area in the vicinity, Sacramento, is located 30 miles to the 26 northeast. 27

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1 4.3 Physical Resources 2 4.3.1 Levees 3 Levees encompassing Prospect Island were constructed during the late 19th 4 century. Prospect Island levees were constructed and have been maintained as 5 restricted height levees, designed to overtop during larger floods to provide 6 additional flood storage capacity. Levee heights around Prospect Island range 7 from 12 to 16 ft (NAVD88) along the DWSC, above 18 ft along the site's northern 8 edge, 12 to 18 ft along Miner Slough (not including the degraded breach repair 9 on the south property's eastern levee), and 12 to 14 ft along the internal cross 10 levee (DWR 2012b) (Figure 4-2). Currently, the Prospect Island levee system is 11 in relatively poor condition. A February 2013 inspection of the Miner Slough levee 12 on the north property, the internal cross levee, and the northern levee of the 13 north property found that significant areas of each of these levees are at risk of 14 failure (MBK 2013). 15

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1 4.3.2 Soils 2 Soils in the Delta range from a variety of alluvial fan deposits to organic peat 3 (USACE and DWR 2001). Delta soils have high to very high shrink/swell potential 4 and low strength for supporting the loads of embankments, dikes, and levees. Six 5 soil units have been mapped within the Project site. Three comprise the bulk of 6 the site: Sacramento silty clay loam (Sa) in the northern third, Ryde clay loam 7 (Ry) in the central third, and Tujunga fine sand (Tu) in the southern third (Figure 8 4-3). The other three soils units are located around some of the Project margins: 9 Columbia fine sandy loam (Cm) along Miner Slough, Valdez silt loam (Va) along 10 Miner Slough and the DWSC and internal cross levee, and Sacramento Clay 11 (Sd) on the northern levee (NRCS 2007). Additionally, unmapped dredged spoils 12 are present within the south property and possibly within the north property. 13

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1 4.3.3 Topography 2 The north property is subsided to predominantly subtidal elevations, with about 3 40 percent of the land at shallow subtidal elevations (0 to 2 ft below mean lower 4 low water [MLLW]) and 41 percent at moderate to deep subtidal elevations 5 (moderate subtidal is defined in this report as 2 to 5 ft below MLLW, deep 6 subtidal as greater than 5 ft below MLLW) (Figure 4-4). About 15 percent of the 7 north property is at intertidal elevations (MLLW to mean higher high water 8 [MHHW]). The remaining lands of the property consist of the perimeter levees 9 and uplands (3%), and a minor amount of wetland-upland transition (1%) (Table 10 4-1, Figure 4-4). The south property lands are slightly higher, with about 61 11 percent at shallow subtidal and 33 percent at intertidal elevations, less than 1 12 percent at moderate subtidal, and limited wetland-upland transitional (1%) and 13 upland areas (5%) (Table 4-1). 14 15 Figure 4-4 illustrates the dominance of subtidal elevations and the comparatively 16 higher average elevations of the south property. The accommodation space of 17 Prospect Island, the volume between current ground surface and high tide 18 elevations, is roughly 12 million cubic yards. 19 20 Table 4-1. Elevations of DWR and Port Prospect Island Properties

Elevation1 Area by class (ac, % of total area)2 Elevation Elevation North South Total Prospect Class range range Property Property Island (ft MLLW) (ft NAVD88) (ac) % (ac) % (ac) % Upland > 6 >8 46 3% 14 5% 60 4% Transition 5.5 to 4 6.5 ‐ 8 14 1% 4 1% 18 1% Intertidal 4 to 0 2.5 ‐ 6.5 191 15% 96 33% 287 18% Shallow subtidal 0 to ‐2 0.5 ‐ 2.5 522 40% 179 61% 701 44% Moderate subtidal ‐2 to ‐5 <‐2.5 ‐ 0.5 527 40% 1 0% 528 33% Deep subtidal < ‐ 5 < ‐2.5 12 1% 0 0% 12 1% Total 1,312 294 1,606 21 1Elevation ranges are approximate and rounded to the half foot. 22 2Total acres align with the Prospect Island 2011 DEM extent which includes the area within the levee crest. 23 Rounding results in inexact mathematical sums. 24

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1 4.3.4 Site hydrology 2 North Property 3 The north property receives water from three sources: rainfall, groundwater 4 seepage (DWR 2014a), and Miner Slough via a 4-ft diameter culvert, 50–75 ft in 5 length, located in the southeast corner of the property. The culvert flap gate was 6 vandalized not long after the 2008 levee breach repair, resulting in the property 7 being inundated. DWR repaired and reinstalled this flap gate in February 2014. 8 9 Recent water level monitoring, conducted prior to the DWR flap gate repair, 10 indicated a fairly uniform water surface elevation of around 3.4 ft NAVD88 11 (somewhat below local mean tide level) with a daily fluctuation of roughly 0.05 ft 12 that aligns with the daily tidal cycle. Corresponding water depths across the site 13 are up to 0.9 ft in the intertidal areas, 2.9 in the shallow subtidal areas, and 5.9 ft 14 and deeper in the moderate to deep subtidal areas (see elevation intervals on 15 Figure 4-4). The property was holding approximately 3,500 acre-feet of water at 16 this stage. 17 18 The north property has retained its network of remnant agricultural drainage 19 ditches, as indicated by the greater depths of these rectilinear features (Figure 20 4-4). These remnant agricultural ditches appear to be relatively shallow, on the 21 order of a few feet in depth. 22 23 South Property 24 The south property does not appear to have retained any of its former agricultural 25 drainage ditches (Figure 4-4), as presumably they have been buried by dredged 26 materials. The property receives water from three sources: rainfall, groundwater 27 seepage, and Miner Slough (via gaps in the large rocks of the levee breach 28 repair on the side channel to Miner Slough, (Figure 4-2). Much of the property is 29 submerged. The south property experiences limited tidal exchange, but no water 30 level measurements have been made to establish the magnitude. 31 32 Tidal Datums Surrounding Project Site 33 Relevance of tidal datums. Tidal datums describe the elevations of the tides 34 relative to a geodetic (earth surface) datum and are among the most fundamental 35 drivers of estuarine ecology. Tidal datums are calculated by averaging conditions 36 over the 18.6-year tidal epoch cycle (NOS 2003). The National Ocean Service 37 (NOS) updates tidal datums about every 25 years nationally, to adjust for long- 38 term sea level rise. The most recent NOS update was in 2005. The relationship

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1 between tidal datums and the topography of a proposed restoration site will 2 determine the design of restoration features, such as tidal channel dimensions, 3 levee breach locations and geometry, grading extent, and suitable locations for 4 vegetation establishment and natural colonization. 5 6 Method of tidal datum calculation for Prospect Island. For the Delta Vision 7 Strategic Plan (DVBRTF 2008), DWR staff in collaboration with Wetlands and 8 Water Resources undertook a Delta-wide tidal datum computation (Siegel et al. 9 in prep). DWR staff calculated tidal datums at approximately 75 long-term DWR 10 tide stations in the Delta, using data collected over a 10-year period. 11 Computations followed standard NOS (2003) methods. DWR then applied these 12 data to calibrate and verify a hydrodynamic model configured to calculate tidal 13 datums at over 135,000 model nodes throughout the Delta and up each 14 contributing river channel. For each node, DWR modeled four tidal datum 15 “scenarios” to reflect the effects of Delta Cross Channel and South Delta 16 Temporary Barriers seasonally varying operational schedules on tidal datums. 17 18 Prospect Island Tidal Datums and Tide Range. Table 4-2 shows tidal datums 19 for the Prospect Island vicinity. These tidal datums reflect 162 of the model 20 output nodes immediately adjacent to Prospect Island on Miner Slough, Cache 21 Slough, and the Sacramento DWSC (Figure 4-5). Modeling results showed minor 22 datum variations with Delta Cross Channel and South Delta Temporary Barriers 23 operations, so datums in Table 4-2 represent the “all data” scenario. Miner 24 Slough along its Prospect Island reach exhibits a small rise in high tide (MHHW) 25 upstream, by 0.2 ft. Low tides (MLLW) on this reach exhibit a significant rise, of 26 1.1 ft. Tide range (MLLW to MHHW) decreases by 0.9 ft between the confluence 27 of Miner Slough with Cache Slough upstream to Arrowhead Harbor, from about 4 28 ft to about 3 ft. Actual tidal datums and tide range within restored Prospect Island 29 would consequently depend on levee breach location(s). 30

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1 Table 4-2. Tidal Datums in the Vicinity of Prospect Island.

Elevation (ft NAVD88) Miner Slough Deep Water Tidal datum South: North: Ship Channel confluence with Arrowhead Average (DWSC) Cache Slough Harbor Mean higher high water (MHHW) 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.1 Mean high water (MHW) 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.6 Mean low water (MLW) 2.7 3.7 3.2 2.6 Mean lower low water (MLLW) 2.1 3.2 2.7 2.0 Tide Range (ft) MLLW to MHHW 4 3.1 3.5 4.1 2 3

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1 4.3.5 Adjacent channels and sloughs 3 Miner Slough and the small tributary side channels adjacent to Prospect Island 4 are relatively shallow, with depths mainly in the 8- to 12-ft range, although depths 5 of up to 17 ft occur near the confluence with Cache Slough. The design flow of 6 Miner Slough, as part of the SRFCP, is 10,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) 7 (USACE 2006). During storm events, river flows dominate Miner Slough, 8 overwhelming the tidal exchange and can result in unidirectional flow and higher 9 stage for days to several weeks depending on the duration of upstream storm 10 flows (CDEC 2013). Larger storm flows, which occur less frequently, raise Miner 11 Slough “high tide” stage by several feet: by about 6 ft for a 5-year recurrence 12 interval and by about 1 ft with a 1-year recurrence interval flow (Figure 4-6). 13 These stage variations would exert considerable influence over the hydrology of 14 a restored Prospect Island. 15

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1 The tidal exchange varies with both river flow and Delta Cross Channel 2 operation. In general, when river flow in Miner Slough is higher (when the Delta 3 Cross Channel is closed), the sloughs are river-dominated and the flood tide flow 4 is lower. When the Delta Cross Channel is open, the system is still river- 5 dominated. For example, when the Delta Cross Channel is open and Miner 6 Slough river flow is at 1,000 cfs, tidal exchange is +5,000/-3,000 cfs. When river 7 flow increases to 2,500 cfs, tidal exchange becomes even more ebb (river) flow- 8 dominated with +5,250/-500 cfs. 9 10 The Sacramento DWSC, a terminal tidal slough to the Port of West Sacramento, 11 is routinely dredged to 30-ft depth by the USACE to maintain maritime 12 navigation. Originally authorized by the River and Harbor Act on July 24, 1946, 13 construction of the channel was completed in 1963. The DWSC alongside 14 Prospect Island is owned and managed by the Port. Shallow shoals of the DWSC 15 comprise about two-thirds of the channel width, and provide shallow subtidal, 16 intertidal, and emergent marsh habitat. The DWSC functions as a dead-end 17 slough, and is dominated by tidal flow year-round. 19 20 4.3.6 Sediment Regime in Miner Slough 21 Erosion and deposition within post-restoration Prospect Island would be driven 22 predominantly by the interaction of hydrodynamic processes (velocity, inundation 23 duration, tidal and riverine influences), sediment concentrations, sediment grain 24 size, presence of vegetation (emergent, floating, and submerged), water depth, 25 wind energy, and site morphology (Schoellhamer et al. 2012, Siegel et al. 2010). 26 Because Prospect Island is located at the junction of riverine flows of Miner 27 Slough with tides from Cache Slough and moderated by flood flows down the 28 Yolo Bypass in some years, its hydrodynamics and sediment transport setting 29 are comparatively complex. The specific location of levee breach(es) relative to 30 these hydrologic sources and their differing sediment supplies, and the extent of 31 vegetation and channels within Prospect Island, will have a large effect on 32 internal hydrodynamics and thus sedimentation processes. Riverine sediment 33 supply will arrive at Prospect Island in a few pulses with early winter flows (the 34 “first flush” sediment transport). Sediment from downstream sources has the 35 potential for more year-round supply, with the magnitudes driven by sediment 36 resuspension processes in the CSC. 37 38 The CSC has the highest year-round suspended solids concentration in the Delta 39 because of its position within the highest sediment load region of the entire Delta 40 (Morgan-King and Schoellhamer 2013, Schoellhamer et al. 2012). There are five 41 sources of external sediment inputs into the CSC: the Yolo Bypass, the

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1 Sacramento River, Steamboat Slough (distributary channel of the Sacramento 2 River), Miner Slough (distributary channel of the Sacramento River), and the 3 Ulatis Creek flood control channel. The Sacramento River (including its two 4 distributary channels) is the dominant sediment source. Miner Slough captures 5 approximately 20% of the water and sediment load from the Sacramento River 6 (Morgan-King and Schoellhamer 2013), making it a slightly smaller sediment 7 source than the Yolo Bypass but active in all years at some magnitude, whereas 8 the Yolo Bypass supplies sediment predominantly when the floodplain is 9 activated. Most of the sediment in Miner Slough (approximately 65%) is typically 10 supplied during the first runoff event of the season (Morgan-King and 11 Schoellhamer 2013). As the size of the first flush pulse increases, sediment 12 supply increases, but erosive forces also increase, reducing the amount of 13 sediment deposition, and increasing turbidity. 14 15 16 4.3.7 Utilities, gas wells, mineral rights, infrastructure, 17 easements 18 Utilities 19 Other than utility poles, there are no other known utilities (potable water, sewer, 20 transmission lines, etc.) present on the north Prospect Island property. Research 21 into potential utilities on the south property has not yet been undertaken. 22 23 Gas Wells 24 There are six plugged, exploratory natural gas wells located within the north 25 property on Prospect Island (Figure 4-7) (DOGGR 2013). Five of the wells were 26 non-productive/dry and were capped shortly after drilling. One of the wells was in 27 production/open from 1956 until 1965, at which point it was capped and 28 abandoned. The most recent exploratory drilling on Prospect Island occurred in 29 2002, during which one of the five dry wells was explored, found to be dry, and 30 subsequently capped and abandoned (DOGGR 2013). 31 32 Mineral Rights 33 Mineral rights on the north property are owned by the federal government. 34 Mineral rights on the south property are owned by a suite of former owners prior 35 to its condemnation by the Port (A. Lockhart, DWR, pers. comm., 2013). 36

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1 Infrastructure 2 Prospect Island is currently undeveloped. The remains of buildings and 3 structures are present on the island, and attest to its former agricultural use. 4 Three houses, a bunkhouse, and at least three outbuildings (a pump house, 5 wash/bath house, and a collapsed structure) were still present in 1997 on the 6 eastern edge of the north property (on the western edge of Miner Slough) (PCI 7 2012). As of 2012, only the pump house and the remnants of the bunkhouse 8 remained (PCI 2012). A dilapidated house is also present on the south property 9 (Figure 4-7). A well-maintained travel trailer, located on the northwest corner of 10 the south property and present only during waterfowl hunting season, is the only 11 sign of recent human use of the island. 12 13 Easements 14 Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) maintains easements on the north 15 property for electrical and communication purposes (Figure 4-7). Additional 16 easements, deeded to the Port, are in place for the following: deposit and 17 removal of spoil material, ingress and egress, and levee maintenance. An 18 easement is also held by the Sacramento San Joaquin Drainage District for 19 passage of the floodwaters of the Yolo Bypass across the site. 20 21 Ingress and egress easements are also held by private parties including an 22 easement deeded to Jerry and Susan Hall and another deeded to John Stringer 23 both for passage across the levee on the north side of the property, along the 24 east DWSC levee, across the internal cross levee, and over a portion of the 25 Miner Slough levee (Figure 4-7). 26

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1 4.4 Biological Resources 2 The biology of the site has been transformed over time in response to changes in 3 land use and hydrology. Given the unmanaged condition of the site, continual 4 changes are assumed to be occurring. 5 6 4.4.1 Natural communities 7 Figure 4-8 illustrates the evolution of vegetation types on the island from 8 conditions as mapped in 2007–2008, shortly after repair of the 2006 levee 9 breach, to current conditions mapped in 2014, about six years after breach 10 repair. The Project site currently supports a predominance of emergent wetland 11 vegetation on the site interior with a mix of vegetation types around the margins, 12 composed of native and non-native species. This natural community composition 13 reflects the more stable inundation regime following breach repair and vandalism 14 of the culvert flap gate. 15

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1 Wetland communities 2 Non-Tidal Freshwater Perennial Emergent Wetland 3 Non-tidal freshwater perennial emergent wetlands occur in the interior of 4 Prospect Island in areas that are permanently saturated or perennially inundated. 5 These features comprise roughly 66 percent (1,105 ac) of the Diked Lands 6 Project Area, surrounding or interspersed with the large open water (non-tidal 7 perennial aquatic) areas in the central portion of the island that support aquatic 8 vegetation (Figure 4-8). This community is dominated by cattails (Typha latifolia), 9 common tule (Schoenoplectus acutus), and water smartweed (Persicaria 10 amphibia). Common reed (Phragmites australis), common rush (Juncus effusus), 11 water primrose (Ludwigia sp.), and southern bulrush (Schoenoplectus 12 californicus) are also interspersed in this community. 13 14 Non-Tidal Perennial Aquatic 15 Nontidal perennial aquatic communities are areas of mostly open water found 16 interspersed with the freshwater marsh, riparian, and upland communities at the 17 Project site. Non-tidal perennial aquatic communities make up approximately 20 18 percent (340 ac) of the Diked Lands Project Area, occurring as large ponded 19 areas in the central portion of the south property and interspersed within non-tidal 20 perennial emergent wetland on the north property (Figure 4-8). Vegetation in this 21 community includes native aquatic plants such as smartweed, duckweed (Lemna 22 minor), and mosquito fern (Azolla filiculoides), and non-native plants such as 23 water primrose (Ludwigia sp.), parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), and 24 curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus). 25 26 Riparian communities 27 The valley/foothill riparian community is a transition zone between aquatic and 28 upland terrestrial habitat. Eight percent (139 ac) of the Diked Lands Project Area 29 is mapped as valley/foothill riparian; it occurs along the higher elevation margins 30 and on the levees (Figure 4-8). Riparian woodland/forest species include 31 Goodding’s willow (Salix gooddingii), arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis), cottonwood 32 (Populus fremontii), Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia), and boxelder (Acer 33 negundo). Riparian shrub species that make up a riparian scrub/shrub 34 community or are present as understory plants in riparian forest include: sandbar 35 willow (Salix exigua), Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus), California 36 blackberry (Rubus ursinus), California rose (Rosa californica), red-osier dogwood 37 (Cornus ssp. sericea) and blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. 38 caerulea). Numerous snags of large relict riparian trees protrude above the water

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1 surface in many inundated areas of the island that formerly supported riparian 2 woodland. 3 4 Upland communities 5 Upland communities existing on the site consist of grasslands and (former) 6 agricultural/cultivated lands. Grassland is composed of non-native or native 7 annual and perennial grasses and forbs (non-grass herbaceous species). 8 Grasslands are often found adjacent to wetland and riparian habitats. 9 Approximately four percent (68 ac) of the Diked Lands Project Area is mapped as 10 grassland (Figure 4-8); it occurs around the higher elevation margins and on the 11 levees. Grassland at the Project site consists primarily of non-native grasses 12 including ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus), wild oats (Avena fatua), rye grass 13 (Festuca perenne), Bermduda grass (Cynodon dactylon), poison hemlock 14 (Conium maculatum), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), wild radish (Raphanus 15 sativus), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), perennial pepperweed (Lepidium 16 latifolium) and white sweetclover (Melilotus albus). Native species include 17 western goldenrod (Euthamia occidentalis) and mugwort (Artemisia 18 douglasiana). An additional one percent (18 acres) of the Diked Lands Project 19 Area is mapped as agricultural/cultivated lands. 20 21 4.4.2 Special-status species 22 Special-status Plants 23 There are many special-status plants documented to occur in the Project vicinity. 24 The following discussion describes those most likely to occur on Prospect Island 25 (i.e., at the Project site) under current conditions. 26 27 Special-status plant surveys were conducted at the Project site between March 3 28 and October 2, 2009 (DWR, unpubl. data). Five special-status plant species with 29 a total of 12 occurrences have been documented at the Project site during the 30 DWR field surveys or by the CDFW’s California Natural Diversity Database 31 (CNDDB) (CDFW 2013) (Table 4-3). Figure 4-9 shows special-status plant 32 species’ occurrences documented in the CNDDB within a 5-mile vicinity of the 33 Project site. 34 35 In order to assess the potential for other species to occur at the Project site, the 36 California Native Plant Society’s (CNPS) online Inventory of Rare and 37 Endangered Vascular Plants of California (CNPS 2013), CDFW CNDDB (CDFW 38 2013), and the USFWS list of federally listed and proposed endangered, 39 threatened, and candidate species (USFWS 2013) were queried. Appendix A

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1 presents a list of special-status plant species identified from the database queries 2 along with an estimated likelihood of their occurrence at the Project site under 3 pre- and post-restoration conditions. 4 5 Fifteen special-status plant species were identified as having low, moderate, or 6 high potential to occur at the Project site. The likelihood of special-status species 7 occurring at the site was determined by: (1) documented observations of a 8 species on the site; (2) the presence and quality of potential habitat; and/or (3) 9 proximity to known occurrences. This review and analysis resulted in the 10 following categories of the likelihood for a special-status species to occur in the 11 Project site: 12  None: the species’ required habitat (i.e., plant community types and 13 elevation range) is lacking from the Project site. 14  Low: the species’ required habitat occurs in the Project site but it is of very 15 low quality. 16  Moderate: the species’ required habitat occurs in the Project site. 17  High: the species has been documented in the Project site. 18 19 A summary of life history, habitat associations, and location information is 20 provided below for those special-status plant species that have been 21 documented at the Project site (i.e., high potential likelihood). 22

June 2014 4-27 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

1 Table 4-3. Special-status Plant Occurrences Documented at the Project Site (CNDDB; DWR, 2 unpubl. data).

Likelihood to occur at the Common name Status1 Suitable habitat type Project site under current Scientific name Federal/State/CRPR conditions High; one occurrence is Freshwater and documented in the Project site; Delta tule pea – /– /1B.2 brackish marshes and 40 additional occurrences are Lathyrus jepsonii var. jepsonii swamps documented in the Project region (CNDDB) High; two occurrences are Brackish or freshwater documented in the Project site; Mason’s lilaeopsis – /CR/1B.1 marshes and swamps 102 additional occurrences are Lilaeopsis masonii and riparian scrub documented in the Project region (CNDDB) High; one occurrence is Usually mud banks of documented in the Project site; Delta mudwort freshwater or brackish – /– /2B.1 37 additional occurrences are Limosella australis marshes and swamps, documented in the Project and riparian scrub region (CNDDB) High; four occurrences are documented in the Project site Assorted shallow Sanford’s arrowhead (CNDDB; DWR, unpubl. data); 7 – /– /1B.2 freshwater marshes Sagittaria sanfordii additional occurrences are and swamps documented in the Project region (CNDDB) High; four occurrences are Brackish and documented in the Project site Suisun Marsh aster – /– /1B.2 freshwater marshes (CNDDB); 94 additional Symphyotrichum lentum and swamps occurrences are documented in the Project region 3 1 Status: 4 – None 5 State: CR = Rare under the CNPPA 6 CRPR: 1B = Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere 7 2B = Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere 8 0.1 = Seriously threatened in California 9 0.2 = Moderately threatened in California

June 2014 4-28 Primary Map Extent !°

Courtland SOLANO CO.

h g u o l S

r 84 e t t u S

Cache Liberty Island

h h g Lindsey Slough g u u o l lo SACRAMENTO CO. S

S t r

e a o

in b

M

m

a e

t 5-mile buffer Slough 160 Ryer Island S CNDDB occurrences Delta mudwort Delta tule pea Heckard's pepper-grass Mason's lilaeopsis Northern California black walnut San Joaquin spearscale Sanford's arrowhead Suisun Marsh aster bearded popcornflower woolly rose-mallow Highways er iv Major Roads R Diked Lands Project Area o t Reference features n Isleton Rio Vista e Counties m a Data Sources: Prospect Island Boundary (WWR, 2013); r Yolo Bypass Floodway CNDDB occurrences (CNDDB, December 2013); c Tidal Waterways a 12 Tidal Waterways (CDFW, 2005 and BDCP, 2012 - WWR mod, 2013) S Map File: fig_4_10_CNDDB_plants SAN 1:115,872 (1 in = 1.8 miles at letter size) JOAQUIN 0 1 2 Figure 4-9 CO. Mi Special-status Plant Species Occurrences Km Documented in CNDDB within a 5-mile 0 2 4 vicinity of the Project site PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

1 Special-status Fish 2 Nine special-status fish species are documented to occur in the Project vicinity. 3 The following section describes the likelihood of these species to occur on 4 Prospect Island (i.e., at the Project site) under current conditions. Table 4-4 5 provides habitat associations of special-status fish species as well as an initial 6 assessment of their likelihood to occur at Prospect Island under current 7 conditions (Appendix B includes an assessment of the likelihood to occur post- 8 restoration). Eight of the nine special-status fish species present in the Project 9 vicinity are considered to have a low likelihood to occur at the Project site under 10 current conditions. Only the Sacramento Splittail, a California Species of Special 11 Concern, currently has a moderate likelihood to occur at the site. None of these 12 nine species was documented in fish surveys conducted at the Project site in 13 August, 2013 (DWR, unpubl. data) or by the CNDDB (CDFW 2013). 14 15 The likelihood of occurrence at the Project site is based on (1) documented 16 occurrence of a species during surveys conducted at the Project site in August, 17 2013 (DWR, unpubl. data) or by the CNDDB (CDFW 2013), and (2) current 18 presence and access to suitable habitat at the Project site.

June 2014 4-30

the but

the

access access

poor;

site site species species current

unknown; is Delt Delta rearing

present,

poor;

the the

is

is but but

but a

under

Project Project site site

largely

Slough) poor; poor;

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan site stages th th

is is documented; documented;

e

Slough)

present present present b at at e Delta

life Project Project

Miner

been been all the

Project the the likely likely likely

Miner

Slough)

Slough)

in

for not not

at at

the

use conditions adjacent at has has

Miner Miner

habitat habitat habitat documented documented

adjacent habitat

(from occur

habitat

been been jacent species species

to rearing rearing rearing (from documented documented

ad

adjacent

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

and not not

suitable

this this

; site habitat

been been has has for for

to to (from (from

suitable suitable suitable

; ; ; not not

Likelihood site site

species to species access rearing Low access distribution Low has Moderate Low to has rearing

in

in or

or

juveniles

habitat moderate

cool gravels forage

San

(lotic

Delta to silty larvae

or

bury in

deep; in with

clean but temperatures 77°F

low spawning

ft

backwaters 4-31

feed vegetated 33

streams

surface with rivers

with

with

more

in below bedrock; documented

and the or

than

sandy

or

observed

edges environments; or

flooded habitat

(ammocoetes)

been

less

gravel near

associations

years

estuaries

sand, been

freshwater silty

not

riffle and

in two stream (lentic) larvae swim and

water

themselves

has shallow, temperatures have clean

or

large

Habitat in foraging

for

sand need

feed

of use bury but

rivers

adults

with on ppt); muddy

and

De and streams;

cobble, adults

bottom Bay

pools in

and

habitat (0–18 edges in

spawn 68°F

backwaters and

the

rear elevation Special-status Fish Species with the Potential to Occur at the Project Site. at the Project to Occur with the Potential Fish Species Special-status

lta ‐ spawning

may below along sandy Francisco (ammocoetes) stream stagnant for water environment), themselves permanent salinity rearing Spawn Adults Spawning Low

a

Table 4-4. State FSC/– –/SSC FT/SSC Status FSC/SSC Federal/

Green

name name

Splittail

southern medirostris ayresi (DPS)

population Lamprey American

Lamprey

Scientific Common Acipenser Lampetra distinct segments Entosphenus tridentatus Pacific River North Sturgeon: Sacramento Pogonichthys macrolepidotus

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

the

to to

at

is comm., comm.,

to to

the

and species species

current

at

the the pers. pers.

stages

access access movement movement

W, under

site site life

documented poor; poor; for spawning for but but DF DFW,

all is is Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan site

for

b for been

documented

Project Project

Slough Slough

present present

not Project

Slough) Slough) the the is

is

Rockriver, Rockriver, s

been

at at habitat ha

A. A.

suitability the Miner Miner

not

conditions in in at Miner Miner

and and habita habitat

t has

species habitat suitable

occur

Poirier Poirier the to

rearing rearing adjacent adjacent documented documented

suitability suitability

species

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

(P. (P. 2014); 2014);

low;

the

been been is (from (from site site

poor poor

suitable suitable habitat habitat

; is is not not

Likelihood January January Low; rearing site 16 site Low has Project Low; present; has habitat habitat Low; Project 16

for

and and

until

ppt other salinities

river

cold similar 2

coastal

available

grow per the and

ocean;

water spawning

freshwater and

with

in

and spawn;

in and

the for

around

pass saltwater ‐

parts

4-32 to

is to by

of nearshore rear 18

bypass size

feed

water brackish

streams months

to to

rivers Yolo and

Yolo (zone cool

ten up salinity and

in

to associations typically migrating

shallow ocean

with rear zone

in

rivers appropriate five

where

waters

to the

estuaries,

including

of

freshwater

before to

Habitat

habitat; rear

mixing spawn

reaches into bays,

years gravel

the brackish elevation

‐ interface)

river of migrate

rearing gravel; (ppt); or

ppt large

mature mid (potentially

documented

more clean in migrate

habitats to

or ‐

15–30

species sexually one habitats); adequate estuary water, freshwater of spawning upstream thousand Low areas; Delta Mainstem Adults Estuarine

a

State FT/ST FE/SE FT/SE FPT/ST Status Federal/

‐

(ESU)

spring

name

name

River

ESU Unit

thaleichthys

Salmon, Salmon,

Smelt Valley

run

‐ Smelt

Evolutionary Scientific Common

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha run Significant winter Oncorhynchus tshawytscha central Sacramento Spirnichus Delta Longfin Chinook Chinook Hypomesus transpacificus

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

at

Miner

current CNDDB

unknown; rearing

in

or

but

under documented

adjacent

largely

data)

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan site

been

present b (from Act Delta

Act

not unpubl.

the

Project likely

in has Species

Species habitat

the d

(DWR,

use conditions at

habitat 2013 species

rearing bitat

occur

ha the Endangered

Endangere

to rearing

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project August, and

site

in poor;

potential

is

California to site

California suitable

Concern

Project the

Likelihood the

distribution Low; the Slough) access Project

Special under

under

the

of

at

Delta

of of

Species

more

Threatened Endangered

rearing or conducted as as

gravel

one

California

Listed Listed 4-33 prevalence =

clean surveys = = for

suitable

ST SE State SSC and

during ocean;

water,

associations the

cold freshwater

to species

in

a

spawning,

with of

Act

Habitat

Act

rear for

unknown

habitat. migrating

size Species streams

Species

typically occurrence

largely

and

before suitable

to

rearing years habitat; appropriate Rivers Endangered

Endangered

access documented

a

(1) federal and

federal

threatened of on

FT/– the State

the Status

as Federal/ Concern

of based

under

under

presence

proposed

(2)

Species

mykiss and

name name occurrence

threatened endangered

of Central

Federally Federal as as

2013), = =

codes:

DPS

Scientific Common Listed Listed

= = (CDFW Status Likelihood

Oncorhynchus Steelhead, Valley FPT FT FSC FE Federal IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION a b June 2014 IN-PROGRESS DRAFT Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Draft Restoration Plan

1 Special-status wildlife 2 There are many special-status wildlife species documented to occur in the 3 Project vicinity. The following discussion describes those most likely to occur on 4 Prospect Island (i.e., at the Project site) under current conditions (Appendix B 5 includes an assessment of the likelihood to occur post-restoration). 6 7 Special-status wildlife surveys were conducted at the Project site between 2009 8 and 2014 (DWR, unpubl. data 2009-2011; J. Downs, CDFW pers. comm). Six 9 special-status wildlife species have been documented at the Project site during 10 the DWR field surveys or by the CDFW’s CNDDB (CDFW 2013) (Table 4-5). 11 Figure 4-10 shows special-status wildlife species’ occurrences documented in 12 the CNDDB within a 5-mile vicinity of the Project site. 13 14 Twenty-three special-status wildlife species were identified as having low, 15 moderate, or high potential to occur at Project site (Table 4-5). The likelihood of 16 these species occurring at the site was determined by: (1) documented 17 observations of a species during surveys conducted by DWR between 2009 and 18 2011; (2) the presence and extent of potential habitat; and/or (3) proximity to 19 known occurrences, such as from CNDDB (CDFW 2013) or eBird (2013) (an 20 online program that the birding community uses to report bird sightings). This 21 review and analysis resulted in the following categories of the likelihood for a 22 special-status species to occur: 23  None: the Project site is outside the species’ known range and/or the 24 species’ required habitat is lacking from the Project site. 25  Low: the species’ known range overlaps with the Project vicinity but not the 26 Project site, and/or the species’ required habitat is of very low quality or 27 quantity in the Project area; documented sightings of the species in the 28 Project vicinity are rare, if any. 29  Moderate: The species’ known distribution or elevation range overlaps with 30 the Project site and the species’ required habitat occurs in the Project site; 31 there is also a reasonable chance for the species to occur based on 32 frequency of documented sightings in the Project vicinity. 33  High: The species has been documented in the Project site and/or its 34 required habitat occurs in the Project site, is of high quality, and there are 35 documented sightings of the species in the Project vicinity. 36 37 Seven special-status species have a high potential to occur or are known to 38 occur at the site: western pond turtle, northern harrier, Swainson’s hawk, yellow

June 2014 4-34 IN-PROGRESS DRAFT Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Draft Restoration Plan

1 warbler, yellow-breasted chat, song sparrow (“Modesto” population), and western 2 red bat. These species are described in the table below.

June 2014 4-35

site in

for

tidal

‐ known

rarely species

retreat provides the

current non lakes site; Project

at

surveys

though

were

the

marsh species’ upland

habitat;

intensive

uplands; under

larger

Project data), during suitable

holes the

wetland

is site and within

of Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan the

winter

during exit prefer

at

comm.) breeding d emergent

no unpubl. there

levees an observed

Project

outside emergent

pers. provide observed Delta

dry

2 the detected present

(DWR, suitable were

conditions

present;

on

Valley, the

at likely comm.);

been not

is in levees April 014, CDFW,

2009

plants habitat has pers.

was freshwater occur in site

provide

and

habitat and

Central present

es to

in sighted

Downs,

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project may 2013 bitat CDFW, aquatic species (J. speci

Project

surveys habitat

suitable ha site

elderberry is this this flooding permanent

the

; ; ; ; Likelihood commonly

nesting Low perennial documented December range; (J.Downs, from Project Low foraging High Low there is observed nesting trapping

of

in

m

deep and prey

water

a

grassy 915

open

areas is

found

Potential to Occur at the Project Site. Project Site. Occur at the Potential to and large,

flooding dense

basking with

also

below on bulrush

brackish there

requires for

adjacent with

from

or

.

elderberry rest and

streams

4-36

BIRDS and

where REPTILES

fields; habitats and fresh

blue

spp.)

INVERTEBRATES associations sites interspersed wetlands amphibians;

rice

caerulea)

nesting

protected vegetation

gradient

plant

forage

habitats Typha for and

moving and (

savanna

ssp.

spp.)

low ‐

host basking Habitat

fish

ground oak

slow ‐ water; emergent

marsh nigra forest

emergent

water with ditches cattails

canals, and or high

small

of of winter ft)

and

open of

of available

Sambucus Schoenoplectus during areas banks bodies irrigation habitats ( deep, base (3,000 with ( freshwater Riparian Permanent, Sloughs, stands Freshwater

Special-status Wildlife Species with the Special-status

a

FT/– FT/ST –/SSC –/SSC Status Federal/State Table 4-5.

longhorn

name name

turtle

gigas californicus snake

marmorata

pond

americana

elderberry Scientific Common

garter

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 beetle Desmocerus dimorphus Actinemys Thamnophis Valley Western Giant Redhead Aythya

the

size

site

site, at of

the

forage

though

the patch on current to

at

is Project

Project

absent habitats foraging

at habitat, the site

under probability

for are

at

data) wetland potential

forest site trees

low

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

Project low

breeding large/extensive habitats

very

habitats foraging

the unpubl.

Project grasslands riparian

riparian

emergent

range; data)

in and

the and saline

require

only); suitable DWR,

conditions wetland

vicinity;

large

at

or

in Delta

known and

nesting unpubl. marsh

freshwater occur the provide

cuckoos

Project nest

in to emergent brackish documented

DWR, the

species’

may (CNDDB may Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

; in rare

and emergent the

(nesting is site site

documented nesting of rare suitable permanent

(wintering/foraging ; ; use ; ; ;

Likelihood habitat) freshwater

in of edge nesting (CNDDB Low Project Low High species and High Project Low Moderate Low

be

to

birds with high

along spp.),

can

riparian area

dense open desert or

open

saline spp.);

meadows,

stubble,

marshes proportion also

mean

near

interspersed and nesting vegetation with

); with

and

with or

corn fields;

woodland

high irrigated foraging

Juncus

in ( a

above wetlands 4-37

foothill grain protect in

grasslands, open

scrubby open fields, virginica

marshes

Schoenoplectus

freshwater and with

wetlands (

marshes to

in in

vegetation

rushes

vegetation associations tides

at

rice

near valley or and

grasslands, fields

roosts

also dense,

planted

of nests

high in

cottonwoods brackish bulrush typically

and

woody Salicornia managed but trees

( Habitat

spp.), grain

low,

or

necessary

influenced

in of in

‐

and newly

with vegetation harvested semiaquatic

and and forages

resident grasslands water,

lakes,

oaks

in habitats; fields

or

Typha and

extremely wa

forages, ( nests

or in

tidally

clumps

grain pickleweed

higher occasionally or barley, peripheral clearings rivers cattail water pastures, associated Forages habitats; with riparian Nests, during aquatic areas; Nests brackish of Summer Large ter Freshwater Lowland

a

SFP SFP

–/ST –/SFP –/SSC FC/SE –/SSC Status –/ST, –/ST, Federal/State

tabida

crane billed name

name

rail

kite

hawk exilis

jamaicenis black harrier

americanus

yellow ‐

sandhill

leucurus

tailed Scientific

cyaneus Common swainsoni ‐

bittern

canadensis

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Circus Grus Buteo cuckoo Coccyzus Least Ixobrychus White Northern Swainson’s California Greater Western Elanus Laterallus coturniculus

be

‐ of

low

shrub

nesting record ‐

could

though

Yolo scrub the Wildlife emergent is

current

species’ (Heath very 2009

in Project limited

scrub site,

(DWR,

in

perimeter the to nesting

what

species

the data);

available

under

range

riparian

of males in

National winter;

due the Island

Project

site

in riparian freshwater

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan recent

western site unknown) in

using

unpubl. that the River

suitable 2008)

uplands singing at outside

considered one

breeding migrant

at marginal

of

is is Project

is

Prospect

and status

primarily (DWR, Project

rare

of site summer summer

trees Joaquin the permanent

a

Vall what optimism conditions ey; current

(Comrack the is

in at

amount

end

of San

habitat levees grasslands

at

documented in at during during

habitats,

Project (breeding

dry

isolated range

occur Central sites

unknown)

general

forage

Area species species’ limited

in

the

to is site

outside

a

the nesting foraging

southern

ding recent

along is the habitat habitat may is Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project this upland

in

of nest status ;

for the there data); and bree

site site

breeding

Wildlife

and Project

at

documented documented

may while there

; ; ; ; ; Likelihood foraging the 08) restored

increasing current upland 20 vicinity, suitability potential Project considered Project marsh Low Low unpubl. or (breeding Bypass at shrub Refuge, Moderate High Low in High

for

close

areas; large

dense

lines

in a

or

stature hunting;

freshwater available for short with

riparian low ‐ trees

power

woodland

or

forages

of

or

or meadows

with

with ungrazed

salt

4-38 ground wet habitats

cover isolated

riparian and canopy grazed

or

fields,

mulefat; fences,

in

bare associations

or

vegetation woodlands

open nest

riparian grain

trees, heavily

canopy or

an

or streams and/or

pastures,

vegetative

deciduous

Habitat willow

desert dry,

in and old

and

or typically shrubs, along

alfalfa

dense

stratified

open, layer canopy, in tall shrubland nests

successional

‐ water,

shrubs dense, perching; often marshlands some burrows grasslands, grassland vegetation Nests to Level, Irrigated Open ‐ Open Early shrub

a

FE/SE –/SSC –/SSC –/SSC –/SSC –/SSC Status Federal/State

owl

chat

name name

owl shrike

vireo pusillus

petechia

burrowing

cunicularia breasted warbler

ludovicianus virens Scientific Common

eared bellii Bell’s ‐

flammeus

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Athene hypugaea Vireo Western Short Asio Loggerhead Lanius Least Yellow Yellow ‐ Icteria Dendroica

at only at

2009

during

in

current site vicinity;

throughout

data) habita habitat,

t,

emergent

wetland wetland

maternity represent

under ding

Project Project habitat

monitoring unpubl.

site vicinity; bree breeding

which

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan the the

emergent emergent in

including

(DWR, roosting

acoustic habitat Project Project

site, suitable suitable

habitats,

site

the the

habitat throughout conditions

nesting in

at during freshwater freshwater

uncommon potential

Project foraging

provide provide

Project

are grassland the occur

foraging may may

common

data);

the in at

to

including detected

of provides site site uncommon permanent Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project permanent

nest

is colonies

forest

area unpubl.

provides

sightings species water surveys, while while may

; ; ; ; ; Project Project

Likelihood small the Low the Low roosts riparian 2009 (DWR, a marsh High Low High open breeding breeding

a

fields

and

with within willow

typically

and substrate

open adequate

grasslands fields;

are

streams, forage

riparian marshes with

open nesting emergent

nests

4-39 include vegetation), Schoenoplectus

near

(

grasslands

tall

open MAMMALS

space

agriculture

spp.); in

associations

marshes, and forests

thorny

vegetation;

and bulrush protected

or

moderately a

as woodlands Typha

foraging ( in components water

shrubs

entirely dense

Habitat

surrounding

riparian

such

water, flooded freshwater

deep

and

found

and forests, grasslands nearby

cattails

habitat

almost

prey in

or scattered

orchards

moderately

croplands wetlands insect suitable in (including spp.) vegetation, accessible nesting relatively thickets, with and Emergent Feeds Breeds Typically Riparian

a

SSC

–/SSC –/SSC –/SSC –/SSC –/ Status Federal/State

name name

blackbird

savannarum (“Modesto”

sparrow bat

blackbird melodia

red tricolor blossevillii

headed Scientific Common sparrow

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 xanthocephalus Xanthocephalus Agelaius Lasiurus Grasshopper Song population) Melospiza Tricolored Yellow ‐ Western Ammodramus

in

site,

species current

riparian Project

this

her under the

ot

at

about

site to

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

trees

Act Act

known

Project

is

cies the

Species riparian Spe

connectivity

conditions

little at

in

of

very

; lack occur occur

a

to Endangered is Endangered

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project may

there Moderate

California to California

region;

Likelihood Concern

the the

though this Low areas species

Special under

under

of

Protected habitats,

Species

in

Threatened Endangered

Fully

as as

riparian

California CDFW 4-40 or

habitats

Listed Listed

=

=

= =

ST SE State SFP SSC areas associations

shrub

and

rocky

Habitat elevations

with

forest

Act

Act

of middle

to Species

Species

low association Mixture

a

Endangered

Endangered

–/SFP Status federal

federal

Federal/State the

the

under

under

species

raptor

name name

threatened endangered

candidate astutus

as as ringtail

codes:

Scientific Common Federal Listed Listed

= = = Status

FC FT FE Federal IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION a June 2014 California Bassariscus Primary Map Extent !°

Courtland SOLANO CO.

h g u o l S

r 84 e t t u S

Cache Liberty Island

h h g Lindsey Slough g u u o l lo SACRAMENTO CO. S

S t r

e a o

in b

M

m

a

e t Slough 160 Ryer Island S

r e v i R

o t n e Data Sources: Prospect Island Boundary (WWR, 2013); m CNDDB occurrences (CNDDB, December 2013); a r Tidal Waterways c (CDFW, 2005 and BDCP, 2012 - WWR mod, 2013) a S

5-mile buffer CNDDB occurrences giant garter snake Reference features Counties Diked Lands Project Area Swainson's hawk mountain plover Rio Vista Isleton Yolo Bypass Floodway burrowing owl western red bat Tidal Waterways song sparrow ("Modesto" population) 12

Map File: fig_4_11_CNDDB_animals SAN 1:115,872 (1 in = 1.8 miles at letter size) JOAQUIN 0 1 2 Figure 4-10 CO. Mi Special-status Wildlife Species Occurrences Km Documented in CNDDB within a 5-mile 0 2 4 vicinity of the Project site PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

1 4.4.3 Jurisdictional wetlands and waters 2 The Diked Lands Project Area contains 340 acres of waters of the U.S and an 3 additional 1,153 acres of jurisdictional wetlands. These waters and wetlands are 4 summarized in Table 4-6, mapped in Figure 4-11, and described in greater detail 5 in the Preliminary Wetland Delineation (DWR 2014b). 6 7 Table 4-6. Preliminary USACE jurisdictional waters and wetlands in the Project area.

Type of jurisdictional feature Total (acres)

WATERS OF THE U.S. Tidal waters of the U.S. (below MHW) None; adjacent to Project areaa Non‐tidal waters of the U.S. 340b Total waters of the U.S. 340 WETLANDS Non‐tidal freshwater perennial emergent wetland 1,100b Riparian scrub shrub wetland 53b Total wetlands 1,153 TOTAL PRELIMINARY USACE JURISDICTIONAL 1,493b WATERS AND WETLANDS NON‐JURISDICTIONAL UPLANDS Uplands 181 TOTAL DIKED LANDS PROJECT AREA 1,674 8 a Subject to Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act. 9 b Subject to Section 404 of the CWA. 10 11

June 2014 4-42

Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

1 4.5 Cultural Resources 2 Parus Consulting, Inc. (PCI) prepared a cultural resources evaluation for the 3 Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project in May 2012. The PCI study 4 included literature and Sacred Lands File searches, a walking survey of 5 accessible areas (313 ac) of the approximately 1,652-ac area of potential effects 6 (APE), and a Project effects assessment. 7 8 Although visualization of the ground surface was somewhat compromised by 9 vegetation and inundation, no evidence of historic or cultural resources were 10 observed during the March 2012 walking surveys. 11 12 The literature search was completed by the Northwest Information Center 13 (NWIC) on March 20, 2012, and a Sacred Lands File search by the Native 14 American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on March 22, 2012. Thirteen prior 15 cultural resources studies were completed within or partially within the APE. 16 17 The NAHC search failed to indicate the presence of Native American sacred 18 lands or traditional cultural properties within the immediate Project vicinity. In 19 addition, considering that Prospect Island was a tule marsh prior to the start of 20 reclamation activities in the Delta 150 years ago, and considering the agricultural 21 history of the island between 1917 and 1995, there is an extremely low 22 probability that intact prehistoric, ethnohistoric, or historic-era archaeological 23 sites remain within the extensively disturbed island interior. 24 25 Two historic-era resources were previously recorded at the edge of the island 26 within the APE: Prospect Island Homes (P-48-000417) and the Prospect Island 27 Levee System (P-48-000787). One historic-era resource was newly identified: 28 Prospect Island House (Parus-1H-12). P-48-000417 and a portion of the levee 29 system recorded as P-48-000787 were previously determined ineligible for 30 National Register listing. These resources are also considered not eligible for 31 inclusion on the California Register. 32 33 The previously unevaluated portion of the P-48-000787 levee system and the 34 Parus-1H-12 house, which was newly identified in the PCI study, are considered 35 not eligible for listing on the National or California Register (PCI 2012). Therefore 36 no significant historic resources were identified on the site. 37 38 A California State Lands Commission shipwreck search was requested on 39 August 27, 2013. The search resulted in the identification of a potential shipwreck 40 in Miner Slough near the Project area. Archival research indicates there is

June 2014 4-44 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

1 potential for the wreck of the steamboat Zinfandel to be in the Project area. 2 Additional surveys will be conducted by DWR. 3

4 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous Materials 5 In general, these lands and shallow waters have the potential to contain 6 hazardous substances. A query of the California Department of Toxic 7 Substances Control’s (CDTSC’s) database reveals that there are no known 8 hazardous material sites within or immediately surrounding Prospect Island 9 (CDTSC 2013). Additionally, a visual examination of the State’s oil, gas, and 10 geothermal fields map (CDC 2001) and energy map (CDC 2000) reveals that 11 there are many natural gas fields and pipelines in the vicinity. There are six 12 plugged, exploratory natural gas wells located on the island (see Section 4.3.7 13 above). 14 15 DWR’s site assessment staff reviewed the Prospect Island Phase I/II 16 Environmental Site Assessment report (Phase I/Phase II Environmental Site 17 Assessment, Prospect Island, February 20, 2008) prepared by the U.S. 18 Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation. Staff determined that the 19 report was sufficient to satisfy appropriate inquiry or due diligence under the 20 Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability 21 Act and that the report followed the Phase I process as outlined in the American 22 Society for Testing and Materials E1527-05 standards.

June 2014 4-45 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

1 5 OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS

2 The regional and site settings described in the previous two chapters translate 3 into a suite of restoration opportunities and constraints. Opportunities reflect 4 those elements that facilitate restoration designs to meet the Project purpose and 5 objectives. Constraints reflect those elements that will or may impede the Project 6 meeting its purpose and objectives. Constraints are either resolved or worked 7 around with the restoration design. 8 9 Table 5-1 presents the opportunities and constraints identified for this Project. 10 For each opportunity and constraint, the table summarizes relevance to the 11 Project purpose and objectives, associated drivers or causal mechanisms that 12 inform strategies for addressing the constraint, and the potential design 13 accommodations. The restoration alternatives, presented in Chapter 6, then 14 incorporate accommodations in various manners. 15

June 2014 5-1

to

the

and not prior

other

of and

;

remnant to

inside channel

of

elevations

vegetation but

flood and breaches by

habitat agricultural

of levels

new for quality recovery

outcomes

marsh

Smelt

existing hydrologic

of productivity vegetation

vegetation

incorporate construction and beneficial constructed

water

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

needed

impacted remnant

accommodation(s) pport

is

Delta

to locations

su fill

not available

habitat) desired

hydrodynamics suitable

for

aquatic antity ecological species

to emergent

during is or

and

feasible, manage qu design secondary

activities

and

with ditches reversal construction

levees

area

create vegetation

rearing block Island target target and

as

to invasive

possible extent fishes; number

availability

Potential the breaching,

locations

native Prospect connectivity to ditches food (primary control in promote network; protection critical—create agricultural extent creation Preserve Select Subsidence To Maximum salmonid construction emergent

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

tidal ecology

and elevations, drivers biological

site

hydrology hydrology protection propagation

bathymetry, bathymetry, regional

regime)

regime,

hydrodynamics plant flood

Associated

hydrodynamics

5-2 pportunities and Constraints Summary. and Constraintspportunities Summary. geomorphology, geomorphology, (inundation Topography, substrate, Bathymetry, resources, Topography, Regional transport, Inundation OPPORTUNITIES

of

and of

can

and extensive

variety with migration

internal marsh, site properties flood

a ditches supporting

salmonids available

on Prospect Island O

outcomes

of

and

vegetation direct

tidal

without to

the

improvement

areas

of adjacent establish or

to emergent fishes

juvenile

target present

to connectivity to creation

agricultural provide

provides of

excavation for

habitat habitats

are

much

Table 5-1.

to Delta

Relevance water,

needed utilized

reduced grading hydrologic not corridor suitable protection riparian be Facilitates levees native Construction occupy open connectivity Location Remnant Majority species

and River

range

ditches

Slough vegetation

protection

opportunity intertidal

site

or to Sacramento

Cache elevations

flood on

to agricultural

and

site emergent

tidal

subtidal

needed site Constraint

upland Complex not on from Existing Proximity Remnant Future Existing

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

the

Miner

from

existing

locations

across breaches

to

up Prospect for of

of impacts

existing away

restoration

types

breach

improve along

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan turbidity

accommodation(s) easements plants

locations capacity enough

eliminate

of results

Island desired

habitat

to opportunities far

of

and

rare

extinguishment

design access

by ‘draw’

breaches storage

alternatives Prospect modeling

variety entrance to a breaches

maximize

numbers on flood

easements easements Negotiate features Exclude accommodate Relocate to Potential design maximize

based marina colonization Island Slough site All to 3) Create Locate 2) 1) Select

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

tidal

hydrology,

and easement(s) drivers hydrology,

ecology

hydrology, access

substrate,

(levees),

Associated

hydrodynamics

property propagation

5-3 elevations, Topography hydrodynamics Regional transport Site plant Private Geomorphology, hydrodynamics CONSTRAINTS

of

has

can

range

in

height

entering bend full enhanced

the Cache events

flood

only

breaches breach

potential

populations result

higher the

of

and Island

restoration boats outer

outcomes limits

to

that

restricted to over extreme

Slough

improve between the

source with configurations (formerly

creating

location to habitats access subject

will

Harbor

Prospect

hazard

along Miner to during

flows

and capacity

breach

and

created

turbidity conditions

Slough,

Relevance overtopped

be

storm

navigation levees) Miner that velocities Arrowhead of available will potential storage connectivity Restoration Slough number Appropriate Northern higher Maintaining create Certain

Access

boating

conditions

Sacramento plant opportunity

Project or

the

nearby rare

Harbor

of Landowner turbidity

within Control

is Constraint populations access Flood Presence Site Regional Adjacent Arrowhead

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

of

turtle

ra

and

part of

levee

as

ptor for

as

entirely

terminate part

intact

cross and

separate to

as

DWSC slopes

levee management

program

relocated levee

the

rights access Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan action control scour

cross internal

accommodation(s)

control

snags/debris decomposition.

interior interim cross in to

snags

along title

or on areas

hydraulically

mineral existing design

internal some management rights

natural channel

quiet

breach relocate two

–

internal channel

restoration ‐ – placed restoration or

breaches and

monitoring Post interim Pre ‐ restoration create mineral Leave Remove Pursue Maintain Purchase Create Allow Dredge preparation Potential

2) 1) program 3) site 2) 3) Remove 2) 1) 1) 2) 1) Exclude basking perches;

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

ecology,

hydrology, hydrology,

transport transport

SAV regional

regional

drivers

use

tidal tidal

shipping,

invasive propagation easement

and and

bathymetry, hydrology, ecology bathymetry, boating

wildlife

Associated access

species

commercial 5-4 hydrology, invasive topography, hydrodynamics, propagation hydrodynamics Topography, Bathymetry, hydrodynamics Property hydrodynamics recreational DWSC

gas

along need

Island

for

SAV

may

Slough circulation, between

between

promote

interfere

outcomes, waters

future breaches navigation and or

outcomes

constrain Prospect

access Miner

invasive

to

properties the

of increased of

from of

in

exchange

velocities could impact restrict diminish

connectivity Slough

south

with between exchange

to to

low tidal

depth

surrounding

could measure

and currents Relevance allowed

tidal channel and

Miner and

be

establishment site resulting with exploration especially hydrologic Potential and north Potential spur exchange Size Restricts DWSC to Cross Some

to debris

and channel aquatic

opportunity

Island

adjacent levee or

spur

snags

invasive and Island

cross rights tree

Prospect navigation on Slough

Constraint Prospect within plants Extensive Existing DWSC Miner Mineral Internal

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

of

and

to

Island Miner

based levels flow

flow impacts l

Ryer) bends to breaches

along function

of

Prospect (e.g. protection

impacts

improv prior channe

e

‐ channel ‐ potential to protection channel

storage DOC Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan lands flood

at

breaches within location

long cross accommodation(s)

levees

of flood levee

reduce flood and

with

berm

design results

and potential decrease

Island breaches

toe

increased eastern number

flows

or

surrounding

number obstruct

Ryer to

avoid align Slough Locate Limit velocities along Create restoration Improve/repair to stability Potential modeling minimize

on to levels Choose property 2) Cannot 1) 2) 1)

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

tidal tidal tidal

and and and tidal

waterways

drivers

and

quality protection protection

water surrounding flood flood Associated

hydrology hydrodynamics hydrodynamics hydrodynamics

5-5 transport, bathymetry Regional transport, Regional transport, Regional transport, Regional

to

to for

could

quality

alter

basin

site Slough carbon

levels locations associated

and

water could events

of

potential retain to

outcomes storage velocities

Island

Miner

due organic to DWSC)

with

flood of

must

flow flood dynamics protection reducing

breaches

a feasibility

Prospect Island

as (Miner,

flow

flood locations number dissolved extreme

limit Relevance

channel intake,

Island

cross BSPP breach export and/or during Ryer Could function reduce external hydrodynamics, Prospect Restored internal Unintended

Plant Island

Levee

Ryer

located

opportunity

is to Bypass

Island Pumping

or levee

Yolo

Island

Slough the Slough

potential

Prospect

Constraint intake Miner within conditions Poor Scour Barker Prospect

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

1 6 PROPOSED PROJECT AND ALTERNATIVES

2 This chapter presents the Proposed Project description and the restoration 3 alternatives that will be evaluated under the California Environmental Quality Act 4 (CEQA) in the Project EIR. 5 6 This chapter provides the following information: 7  Section 6.1 brief overview of the features of the Proposed Project and 8 the alternatives. 9  Section 6.2  complete description of the Proposed Project, including 10 configurations, quantities, and construction methods. 11  Section 6.3  summary of site maintenance, monitoring, and management 12 activities for which regulatory authorizations are needed. 13  Section 6.4  description of the alternatives. Only elements of the 14 alternatives that differ from the Proposed Project are presented. 15 16 The Proposed Project and alternatives were selected by DWR and CDFW FRP 17 staff, as described below.

18 6.1 Overview of Proposed Project and Alternatives 19 The Proposed Project and alternatives consist of a suite of features to prepare 20 the site for restoration, construct restoration features, and restore tidal action to 21 the site. This section summarizes the levee breach configurations and major 22 restoration features of the Proposed Project and all alternatives. Table 6-1 23 presents an overview of general restoration features, Table 6-2 describes the 24 restoration activities and features in greater detail, and Table 6-3 presents 25 quantities and dimensions for major restoration activities and features of the 26 Proposed Project and alternatives. 27 28 Major Features Common to Proposed Project and Alternatives 29 30 The Proposed Project and Alternatives 2 and 3 include the following major 31 features: 32 33  One or more breaches of the Miner Slough levee. 34  Construction of a levee toe berm (eastern toe berm) on the interior side of 35 the eastern levee. In Alternative 3, that toe berm is limited to the north 36 (DWR) property.

June 2014 6-1 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

1  Construction of an intertidal bench (eastern intertidal bench) on the north 2 property. 3  Construction of interior subtidal channels (constructed channel network). 4 The extent and exact layout of the channels varies between the Proposed 5 Project and the Alternatives. 6 7 Proposed Project 8 Under the Proposed Project, the Miner Slough levee would be breached in two 9 locations: one in the north property, approximately 0.5 miles south of Arrowhead 10 Harbor; and one in the south (Port) property, at the location of the formerly 11 repaired breach connecting to the Miner Slough spur channel (Figure 6-1). The 12 internal cross levee separating the north and the south properties would also be 13 breached. Once these breaches were completed, the north and south portions of 14 the site would be subject to daily tidal inundation. 15 16 Alternative 1 (No Project) 17 Alternative 1 (not shown) represents the No Project Alternative to be evaluated 18 under CEQA. Under this alternative, current management practices would 19 continue except in the event of levee failure. The USACE would continue to 20 maintain the Deep Water Ship Channel levee as a Navigation Project Levee. RD 21 1667 would continue levee maintenance activities as their duties required. 22 Ongoing levee maintenance activities would include periodic vegetation removal 23 along the levee crown, for both access and levee inspection purposes. Minor 24 and/or emergency levee repairs could require removal of mature riparian 25 vegetation, and import and placement of riprap and other fill material. 26 27 Alternative 2 28 Alternative 2 would include a breach of the Miner Slough levee in the central 29 portion of Prospect Island, just north of the existing internal cross levee, and an 30 overflow weir, in the far northeast corner of the island (Figure 6-1). The internal 31 cross levee separating the north and south properties would also be breached 32 under this alternative. Once breached, the north and south portions of the site 33 would be subject to daily tidal inundation. 34 35 Alternative 3 36 Under Alternative 3, two breaches would be constructed on the Miner Slough 37 levee: one in the north property, approximately 0.5 miles south of Arrowhead 38 Harbor, and one in the central portion of the island (also located on the north 39 property), just north of the Stringer property (Figure 6-1). Under this alternative, 40 the internal cross levee separating the north and the south properties would

June 2014 6-2 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

1 remain intact, and the south property would not be included in the Project. Once 2 breached, the north property would be subject to daily tidal inundation.

June 2014 6-3

Alternative 3 Alternative

Slough Miner Northern Slough Central Miner None Toe berm along interior side of side interior along Toe berm levee on north Miner Slough only property North property only North property   

Plan Admin Final Restoration

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

Alternative 2 Alternative Northern Miner Slough Slough Central Miner Internal cross levee  Same as Proposed Project as Proposed Same None None Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same  

6-5 General Project Features General Project

Table 6-1. Proposed Project Proposed Project

tules in areas subject to wind-wave erosion to erosion to wind-wave subject tules in areas but no more recruitment, natural augment experimental 2) Limited than 20’ in width. planting eastern toe berm: limited planting with native with native limited planting toe berm: eastern species riparian If needed, plant 1) bench: Eastern intertidal Northern Miner Slough Slough Southern Miner Internal cross levee None MHHW approximately Top elevations "Soft" features, not engineered and Slough levee along Miner areas Upland North (DWR) and south (Port) properties properties and south (Port) (DWR) North at one feature transition slope side gentle Include (TBD) location breach soilsReuse all excavated on site to construct bench, intertidal eastern toe berm, eastern , and to fill features ditches topographic interior of side Build toe berm along full length of interior and south properties levee on north Miner Slough in only to intertidal elevations Build ‘bench’ slopes levee to interior adjacent areas subtidal subject to wind wave action constructed along isolated mounds small, Create network channel        

Breach velocity velocity Breach dissipation Soil disposal and reuse intertidal Eastern bench Interior topographic features Planting & revegetation Project Feature 1 Project extent extent 1 Project breaches 2 Levee weir 3 Levee 4 5 berm toe 6 Eastern 7 8 9

Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 1 2

Alternative 3 Alternative diesel generator diesel generator temporary pumps at temporary pumps corner of north southeast property on site using Provide power Rehabilitate existing or install Same as Proposed Project, on Project, as Proposed Same only north property No levee repair included No levee repair included Same as Proposed Project, on Project, as Proposed Same only north property  

Plan Admin Final Restoration

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

Alternative 2 Alternative

the Proposed Project and Alternatives Project and Alternatives the Proposed

Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same Same as Proposed Project as Proposed Same Same as Proposed Project as Proposed Same Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same 6-6 Site Preparation

possible

Proposed Project Restoration Activities and Features of Features and Activities Restoration

site interior at grades site suitable for interior at extent at 2:1 slopes on both sides of on both sides at 2:1 slopes cutoff wall property generators land side of prior breach repair repair breach of prior land side at southeast temporary pumps property of north corner Rock armor placed above low above low placed armor Rock geotextile permeability Build ramps from levees down into Utilize levee roads to the fullest rock fill Place compacted earth or south on pumps Install temporary diesel on site using Provide power Install pile cut-off sheet wall on Rehabilitate existing or install  Clearing of vegetation within 25ft of of vegetation Clearing eastern breaches, excavation, channel bench, intertidal toe berm, eastern and staging area roads/ramps, access the extent practicable, footprints. To will be left in place (living) trees large bench berm and toe at eastern locations.        Table 6-2. Project Features Features Restoration Restoration Activities and Activities South property repairs levee Site Dewatering Pre- construction clearing and grubbing roads Access & ramps No. No. 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.2 6.2.2 Section Section

Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 1

Alternative 3 Alternative Same as Proposed Project, on Project, as Proposed Same only north property Same as Proposed Project, on Project, as Proposed Same only north property Same as Proposed Project, on Project, as Proposed Same only north property

Plan Admin Final Restoration

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

Alternative 2 Alternative

Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same 6-7

Proposed Project construction equipment equipment construction of over alignment roads access channel network constructed along northern cross-levee (TBD) cross-levee along northern >4” trees riparian supporting areas dbh possible site (e.g. for re-surfacing levee TBD) (locations roads) Slough culvert zones as raptor perches and turtle and perches raptor as zones possible where sites basking veg. spp. from within 25 ft buffer of construction excavation and intertidal and footprint within areas subtidal species: Apply mechanical and/or mechanical Apply species: methods herbicide and/or herbicide aquatic-approved and with clearing removal physical (below) grubbing Where possible, build interior easement temporary Acquire avoid To the extent practicable, Utilize levees to the fullest extent on materials road Re-use access existing Miner Fill or remove riparian in debris Re-use of woody invasive and debris snags, Clear Upland and wetland/upland wetland/upland and Upland of application Aquatic species:           Project Features Features Restoration Restoration Activities and Activities Staging & stockpile areas Pre- restoration plant invasive species control Debris, old infrastructure , and dead tree/snag removal No. No. 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 Section Section

Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

on

Alternative 3 Alternative Same as Proposed Project, on Project, as Proposed Same only north property Same as Proposed Project, on Project, as Proposed Same only north property on Project, as Proposed Same only north property Project as Proposed Same of bench Size and dimensions may vary from estimates for the based Project, in Proposed bench north property only north property

Plan Admin Final Restoration

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

Alternative 2 Alternative

Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same of bench Size and dimensions may vary from estimates for the based on Project, Proposed 6-8 Project Construction Project Construction

MHW to MHHW

Proposed Project length of Miner Slough levee on Slough length of Miner properties south north and species native riparian (6-6.5 ft NAVD88) remains of bunkhouse, and any and of bunkhouse, remains on of outbuildings other remains and remove the north property, property south on house collapsed intertidal habitat intertidal habitat within site with the excavated materials of cast side network from channel elevations along Miner Slough Miner along elevations where in areas levee interior adjacent to levee lands subtidal levee toe berm along full Construct with areas Plant limited upland poles PG&E to remove abandoned house, pump Remove dilapidated Max elevation ~ higher of patches small Create Construct ‘bench’ to intertidal Excavate tidal channels in areas in areas Excavate tidal channels above -1 ft NAVD88 to block or fill Use excavated soils not ditches agricultural remnant channel into constructed incorporated network        Project Features Features Restoration Restoration Activities and Activities Interior channel network excavation Block or fill remnant agricultural ditches Construct interior topographic features Construct eastern toe berm Construct eastern intertidal No. No. 6.2.5 6.2.6 6.2.7 6.2.8 6.2.9 Section Section

Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

Alternative 3 Alternative on differences in excavation in excavation on differences during determined volumes design No internal cross levee breach No internal cross levee breach

Plan Admin Final Restoration

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

Alternative 2 Alternative

differences in excavation volumes design during determined Same as Proposed Project Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same Project as Proposed Same Not included Not included 6-9

Proposed Project channel network excavation excavation network channel to wave erosion to wind subject but recruitment, natural augment 20’ in width no more than longitudinally along the banks of along the banks longitudinally and of the breach the inside toe of the interior laterally along the levee property and south Miner Slough breach to accommodate volume of Miner between tidal exchange block/fill borrow ditch that runs of the internal side along north levee cross NAVD88 are subject to wind wave action to wind wave action are subject construction of the channel of the channel construction portions from upland and network interior onto the of levee breaches the two of the levee at one sides locations breach by fill generated from Construct areas with tules in If needed, plant planting Limited experimental gently downward, to slope Grade channel between spur Dredge Side slopes: 2:1 slopes: ft width: ~ 400 invert Breach Side excavated for breach to Use soils elevation: -3 ft invert Breach Place fill excavated from           Project Features Features Restoration Restoration Activities and Activities bench bench Breach Breach internal cross levee Construct breach velocity dissipation Miner Dredge Slough spur channel No. No. 6.2.10 6.2.10 6.2.11 6.2.12 Section Section

Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

Alternative 3 Alternative NAVD88 NAVD88 Invert elevation: -4.0 ft 2:1 slopes: ft width: ~ 438 invert Breach Side Invert elevation: -4.4 ft 2:1 slopes: width: ~507 Breach ft invert Side Not included Central Miner Slough Slough Central Miner Northern Miner Slough Slough Miner Northern      

Plan Admin Final Restoration

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

Alternative 2 Alternative NAVD88

Invert elevation: -5.9 ft 2:1 slopes: width: ~659 Breach ft invert Side Build weir to elevation 7 ft Build weir NAVD88 to maximize winter overtopping Central Miner Slough Slough Central Miner    6-10

Proposed Project Slough and the restored Project Project the restored Slough and site material in south property property south material in dredge stabilize and Dewater 2:1 Invert elevation: -4.6 ft NAVD88 slopes: ft width: ~ 531 invert Breach Side 2:1 Invert elevation: -4.0 ft NAVD88 slopes: ft width: ~ 394 invert Breach Side Not included Northern Miner Slough     Slough Southern Miner    Project Features Features Restoration Restoration Activities and Activities Construct Construct high stage overflow weir from Northern Miner Slough Breach Miner Miner Breach Slough levee No. No. 6.2.13 6.2.13 6.4.2.1 6.4.2.2 6.4.3.1 Section Section

Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2 Proposed Project This section describes the restoration features included in the Proposed Project. The restoration activities that would be undertaken to create these features are presented in the general sequence in which they would be constructed, starting with pre-construction site preparation, followed by site modifications internal to the Island, and ending with breaching the levees to allow tidal inundation of the Project site. Figure 6-2 depicts a general design schematic for the Proposed Project, Figure 6-3 illustrates site preparation elements, and Table 6-3 provides estimated material quantities and dimensions for the restoration activities and features of the Proposed Project and alternatives.

June 2014 6-11

Table 6‐3. Material Quantities and Dimensions

Quantities No. Restoration Activities and Project Features Units Proposed Project Alt 2 Alt 3 1 South (Port) property levee repair Fill placement cubic yards 3,000 3,000 NA Sheet piles feet 200 200 NA Geotextile sq ft 10,000 10,000 NA Stone armoring cubic yards 200 200 NA 2 Pre‐construction site preparation 2a Dewatering and water management North Property 2a1 Clear existing ditches Length feet 73,000 73,000 73000 Area acres 25 25 25 Volume of cut cubic yards (81,000) (81,000) (81,000) 2a2 Rehab pump # pumps 1 11 South Property 2a4 Install temporary pump # pumps 1 1NA 2b Clearing and grubbing (channels, toe berm, bench, acres 213 204 152 breaches, cross levee breach, 25‐ft buffer) 2c Roads and ramps Ramps Locations each 6 6 5 Length feet 695 695 578 Area acres 0.6 0.6 0.5 Volume of fill cubic yards 4,000 4,000 4,000 Volume of rock protection cubic yards 300 300 200 Roads (contingency volume if site cannot be dewatered to fully support equipment) Volume of fill cubic yards 26,000 26,000 17,000 2d Staging and stockpile areas acres 19 19 19 3 Pre‐restoration invasive plant species control 3a Treatment Area Aquatic acres 1,440 1,440 1,196 Upland (backpack spot treatment) acres 6.5 6.5 5.4 3b Herbicide application (See Table 6‐4) Aquatic pounds 38,796 38,796 32,208 Upland pounds 8.4 8.4 7 4 Debris, old infrastructure, and dead tree/snag removal Dead tree/snag removal along existing ditches cubic yards ‐2,000 ‐2,000 ‐2,000 Clearing and grubbing cubic yards ‐17,000 ‐17,000 ‐16,000 Woody debris (beaver lodges) cubic yards ‐3,000 ‐3,000 ‐2,000 Remnant Structures each 3 3 1 5 Excavate constructed channel network Length feet 31,000 30,000 20,000 Area acres 47 47 30 Volume of cut (calculated) 5a Tapered connections to channel network cubic yards (96,000) (66,000) (88,000) 5b Channel network cubic yards (273,000) (265,000) (167,000) 6 Block or fill remnant agricultural ditches Length feet 6,000 6,000 6,000 Area acres 2 2 2 Volume of fill (estimated) cubic yards 17,000 17,000 17,000 7 Construct interior topographic features Quantity # mounds 6 6 6 Volume of fill (estimated) cubic yards 27,000 27,000 27,000

6 ‐ 14 Table 6‐3. Material Quantities and Dimensions

Quantities No. Restoration Activities and Project Features Units Proposed Project Alt 2 Alt 3 8 Construct eastern toe berm 8a Construct berm Length feet 27,100 27,100 18,000 Area acres 44 44 24

Volume of fill (calculated) cubic yards 115,000 115,000 69,000

8b Plant berm (maximum potential area shown, not all will be planted) Riparian acres 5 5 3 Wetland acres 0 0 0 9 Construct eastern intertidal bench 9a Construct bench Length feet 6,600 6,600 6,600 Area acres 60 60 60 Volume of fill (calculated) cubic yards 321,000 290,000 254,000 9b Experimental planting acres 3 33

10 Breach internal cross levee 10a Excavate breach Invert Width feet 400 400 NA Area acres 0.2 0.2 NA Volume of cut (calculated) cubic yards (6,000) (6,000) NA 10b Fill borrow ditch Length feet 1,800 1,800 NA Area acres 3 3NA Volume of fill (calculated) cubic yards 6,000 6,000 NA 11 Construct breach transitions Area acres 1 NA NA Volume of fill cubic yards 5,000 NA NA 12 Dredge Miner Slough spur channel Length feet 2,400 NA NA Area acres 7 NA NA Volume of cut cubic yards (72,000) NA NA Potental total hydraulic dredge volume (sediment and cubic yards (360,000) NA NA water) Potential Containment Area acres 14 NA NA 13 Breach Miner Slough levee Total Top Width feet 1060 738 1097 Area acres 1 0.5 1 Rock Slope Protection cubic yards 120 60 120 13a Volume of cut (above MHHW) cubic yards (15,000) (11,000) (15,000) 13b Volume of cut (below MHHW) cubic yards (20,000) (16,000) (16,000) 14 Construct high stage overflow weir Total Top Width feet NA 1500 NA Area acres NA 0.5 NA Volume of excavation cubic yards NA (10,000) NA

6 ‐ 15 Table 6‐3. Material Quantities and Dimensions

Quantities No. Restoration Activities and Project Features Units Proposed Project Alt 2 Alt 3 TOTAL CUT‐FILL ESTIMATES Cut ‐ Reuse on Site Drainage ditches North (2a1) (81,000) (81,000) (81,000) Tapered connections to channel network (5a) (96,000) (66,000) (88,000) Channel network (5b) (273,000) (265,000) (167,000) Interior cross levee (10a) (6,000) (6,000) NA Miner Slough levee breach(es) above MHHW(13a) (15,000) (11,000) (15,000) Miner Slough levee breach(es) below MHHW (13b) (20,000) (16,000) (16,000) High stage overflow weir (14) NA (10,000) NA TOTAL CUT REUSE (491,000) (455,000) (367,000)

Dredge ‐ Not Available for Reuse Miner Slough spur channel (12) (72,000) NA NA TOTAL CUT OTHER (72,000) 00

Fill ‐ Reuse Ditch blocks/fill (6) 17,000 17,000 17,000 Interior topographic features (7) 27,000 27,000 27,000 Eastern toe berm (8) 115,000 115,000 69,000 Eastern intertidal bench (9a) 321,000 290,000 254,000 Borrow ditch (10b) 6,000 6,000 NA Breach transitions (11) 5,000 NA NA TOTAL FILL REUSE 491,000 455,000 367,000 IMPORT AND DISPOSAL ESTIMATES Imported Materials Levee Repair (1) Fill placement cubic yards 3,000 3,000 NA Sheet piles feet 200 200 NA Geotextile sq ft 10,000 10,000 NA Stone armoring cubic yards 200 200 NA Ramps and Roads (2c) Ramp Volume of fill cubic yards 4,000 4,000 4,000 Volume of rock protection cubic yards 300 300 200 Road Volume of fill cubic yards 26,000 26,000 17,000 Breach Miner Slough (13) Rock Slope Protection cubic yards 120 60 120

Disposal Debris and dead tree/snag removal (4) cubic yards (22,000) (22,000) (20,000)

6 ‐ 16 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.1 South property levee repair The purpose of repairing the south property Miner Slough levee would be to facilitate dewatering of the south property for the duration of Project construction. This activity would involve restoration of proper function to the levee where a previous breach was repaired (and is currently leaking) at the end of the Miner Slough spur channel (Figure 6-3).

No documentation of the design or material composition of the breach repair has been identified. From site visits and examination of current and historical aerial photos, it appears that the remaining repair material consists of large-diameter rock, placed up to elevations slightly above tidal inundation levels. The leaking breach repair is approximately 150 feet long. Based upon geologic investigations of a nearby breach on the north property conducted by USBR (2008), the original ground surface in the area is clay, and forms a layer impermeable to seepage flows from lower strata.

Fixing the leaking breach repair would be accomplished by installing a sheet pile cut-off wall along the interior side of the existing breach repair. Earth or rock fill would be placed and compacted on both sides of the cut-off wall. A layer of low- permeability geotextile would be placed above the earth fill, and armored with stone at a 2:1 slope to protect against erosion from the new levee crest down to the base of the slope, below the water.

Under current conditions, the Miner Slough levee is not passable for construction equipment south of the internal cross levee. Any necessary levee clearing would be conducted under a separate 1602 routine maintenance agreement with CDFW. Construction materials and equipment would then access the site along the Miner Slough levee. Depending upon existing water depths in the adjacent Miner Slough spur channel, construction materials and equipment may also be brought in by barge..

6.2.2 Pre-construction site preparation: dewatering, clearing and grubbing, access roads and ramps, staging areas The purpose of pre-construction site preparation activities would be to ready the site for equipment operations and access during Project construction, including removal of snags and other debris (described in Section 6.2.4), and to facilitate invasive plant species control activities (described in Section 6.2.3). Figure 6-3 illustrates the general locations of these activities to the extent they are currently defined.

June 2014 6-17 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Pre-construction site preparation activities would include the following:

1. Dewatering and water management, for the purpose of creating suitable conditions for Project construction

Under existing conditions, both the north and the south properties are inundated. Dewatering the north property would require a combination of gravity-driven drainage through an existing culvert and pumping. The existing (non-operating) pump station would be rehabilitated with repair or replacement of the pump motor, or a temporary pump would be installed at this location. As no electrical service remains to Prospect Island, the pump(s) would be powered by a diesel generator. Diesel fuel would either be stored on site, on the levee or at a staging area, or the pumps would be serviced regularly with a refueling vehicle. All or portions of the existing remnant agricultural drainage network would be rehabilitated and used as needed, through a combination of deepening, widening, and/or vegetation and sediment removal. Specific equipment needs for accomplishing this work would be determined based on soil moisture conditions, and could include amphibious excavators, low ground pressure (LGP) excavators, or standard excavators. Excavated soils and vegetation would be temporarily placed alongside work areas in piles no higher than 2 ft above surrounding grade, and piles would be arranged with gaps between them to promote efficient field drainage.

Dewatering the south property would be accomplished with installation of either a new culvert through the internal cross levee, to allow drainage into the deeper north property drainage network, and/or a diesel-powered pump. As there are no remnant agricultural ditches on the south property, temporary, drainage ditches may be excavated, with soils placed alongside work areas, as stated above for the north property. As for the north property, equipment needs would be determined based on soil moisture conditions, and could include amphibious excavators, LGP excavators, or standard excavators.

Water management during construction would be accomplished by operation of the drainage pumps, similar to practices typical of Delta island drainage operations. Site saturation levels would be maintained as necessary to allow construction equipment to operate and maneuver within the site for the duration of construction. Including site dewatering,

June 2014 6-18 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

the Project construction period is estimated to be 3 years (see Section 6.2.14). Appropriate maximum soil saturation tolerance levels would be determined in final design.

2. Clearing and grubbing, for the purpose of facilitating construction access, materials staging, excavation, and grading

This activity would involve clearing of the areas to be excavated for the creation of tidal channels and levee breaches, the footprint of the eastern toe berm and eastern intertidal bench, the footprint of the breach locations, and the footprint of the interior breach transitions, as well as areas needed for construction access and (possibly) materials staging purposes.

Clearing and grubbing of the Project site would require a variety of construction equipment and methods. Smaller trees, brush, and debris would be cleared using a combination of bulldozers, excavators, and wheel loaders. Larger standing dead trees (snags) may need to be cut down and bucked by hand crews using chain saws. Woody debris (large tree trunk/limbs and root wads) would, to the extent practicable, be reused on site to enhance habitat structure in upland areas (e.g., higher elevation areas of the eastern toe berm). Some large (living) trees, such as willows and cottonwoods, that can survive having their trunks buried, would be left within the footprint of the eastern toe berm, and fill would be placed around them. All other debris would be loaded into dump trucks for removal and proper disposal off site, or ground, chipped, and incorporated into fill areas, or burned on site, as appropriate.

3. Creation of temporary ramps and roads, for the purpose of creating construction access into and out of the site interior

This activity would involve constructing temporary access ramps and roads within the Project site to facilitate construction. The site is currently surrounded by levees on all sides, with levee side slopes that are generally too steep to allow construction equipment to be safely driven down into the site interior. Additionally, depending on the types of equipment needed to complete construction, and on the conditions of site soils and ground surfaces, temporary access/haul roads may need to be established within the site to facilitate construction of many of the restoration features. Existing levee roads would be utilized to the fullest

June 2014 6-19 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

extent possible so as to minimize needs for temporary fill placement within the site interior.

Where necessary, temporary access ramps and roads would be constructed by importing and placing clean fill along designated access points and routes. These access locations may be aligned with the constructed channel network and breach locations. The number of ramps needed would be determined during final design. Geotextile fabric base may be used as determined by engineering analyses. Ramps and roads would be surfaced with aggregate road base, Road and ramp construction would be accomplished using a combination of excavators, bulldozers, and wheel loaders. One (1) to three (3) access roads would be kept in place for future monitoring access. To the extent practicable, remaining access road materials would be re-used on site (e.g. for re-surfacing levee roads) following construction of restoration features. Any excess materials that could not be utilized on site would be removed and properly disposed of offsite.

Locations and dimensions of access features would be determined during final design, and would depend on the specific restoration activities and features selected for the final Project.

4. Creation of temporary staging and stockpile areas, for the purpose of managing construction activities

This activity would involve designating temporary staging and stockpile areas within and adjacent to the Project site to facilitate construction. Under existing conditions, the only areas that exist above tidal elevations, and are therefore suitable for construction staging or stockpiling, are the levees that surround the Project site and lands to the north of the site. To the maximum extent possible, these locations would be used.

Final staging and stockpiling areas would be identified and prepared for use prior to commencement of Project construction. Staging and stockpiling areas would be cleared of vegetation and/or any debris. To the extent practicable, areas with riparian trees larger than 4 inches diameter at breast height (dbh) would not be used for staging or stockpiling.

June 2014 6-20 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.3 Pre-restoration invasive plant species control The purpose of this restoration activity would be to remove existing non-native, invasive plants found at Prospect Island. Invasive plant control would help to promote restoration success and it would help to prevent the site from becoming a source of invasive plant species dispersal into the surrounding tidal waterways.

Under current conditions, the Project site is host to several ecologically disruptive, invasive plant species (see Section 4.4.1). This restoration activity would involve removing existing invasive plants (to the greatest extent practicable) at the Project site prior to restoration, with a focus on controlling those species with the potential to: 1) interfere with Project ecological objectives and/or 2) to spread outside the site and degrade surrounding habitats. The most significant invasive plant species present at the site is the aquatic weed, water primrose, which covers between 160-200 ac of the wetted areas of the site (Table 6-4). Other invasive plant species present include emergent, submerged aquatic, riparian, and upland species, including: taro, Eurasian water-milfoil, curlyleaf pondweed, giant reed, yellow star thistle, poison hemlock, pampas grass, fennel, perennial pepperweed, wild radish, Himalayan blackberry, red sesbania, and tamarisk. Additionally, water hyacinth and Brazilian waterweed are documented in the waters adjacent to Prospect Island; these occurrences outside of the Project Site are not being targeted at this time. In addition to the non-native, invasive aquatic emergent plant species targeted for removal, herbicide application across the native emergent vegetation (predominantly cattails and smartweed, with some patches of tules) will assist in clearing interior portions of the Project Site to facilitate access of construction equipment.

The first control measure would be to dewater the site. This will allow physical access and maximize effectiveness of subsequent herbicide application and mechanical removal (e.g., excavation, mowing, or burning) (Section 6.2.2). After dewatering, herbicide and mechanical control methods would be initiated. Eradication methods have been selected to target as many species as is feasible, while yielding high rates of removal of plant material and source propagules. Aquatic emergent plant species will be targeted using application of a tank-mix of State Water Resources Control Board-approved aquatic herbicides (i.e., imazapyr, glyphosate, or other similar products; possibly aminopyralid, if it is approved before Project implementation). Further detail regarding control techniques, including techniques for removal of terrestrial weed species, is provided in Table 6-4. A detailed timeline for invasive vegetation control activities is provided in Table 6-5.

June 2014 6-21

013). 013). May prior to prior prior to prior Timing herbicide herbicide Mechanical Mechanical post-herbicide post-herbicide herbicide, Apr- herbicide, 3 wks-3 months 3 wks-3 months

Admin Final Restoration Plan Admin Final Restoration post- Timing Mar-Apr N/A Mar-Apr Sep-Oct Sep-Oct Apr-May Apr-May Herbicide dewatering dewatering

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project N/A Jun-Jul Jun-Jul Timing

Dewatering Dewatering plant species (WWR-Stillwater Sciences 2 species (WWR-Stillwater plant Ultra) Ultra) ProMax) ProMax) products products

Herbicide Custom or Custom or Polaris), tank-mix of triclopyr (est. 8 triclopyr other approved other approved imazapyr (est. 6 (est. imazapyr AquaMaster), or AquaMaster), glyphosate (est. 8 (est. glyphosate spot application of spot application of spot application spot application of spot application 6-22 glyphosate (est. 3.3 (est. glyphosate glyphosate (est. 3.3 (est. glyphosate qts/acre of Garlon 4 qts/acre of Garlon pints/acre of Habitat of pints/acre qts/acre of Roundup qts/acre of Roundup qts/acre of Roundup qts/acre of Roundup qts/acre of Roundup qts/acre of Roundup dewater, herbicide herbicide Technique Technique mowing and mowing removal and removal and cut/herbicide cut/herbicide ergent and terrestrial non-native invasive and terrestrial ergent herbicide, and and herbicide, physical removal removal physical physical rhizome rhizome physical 2 acres herbicide 0.2 acres 5-7 acres 5-7 acres <0.1 acre Prospect Prospect Extent on Extent small patch small patch 50-60 acres acres 50-60 Approximate Approximate 160-200 acres 160-200 acres

-

(taro) )

peploides reed) (giant spp. ( spp.

Table 6-4. Removal techniques for aquatic em Removal techniques Table 6-4. montevendensis ss Scientific name (common name) Species Plant Emergent Aquatic esculenta Colocasia Ludwigia spicatum Myriophyllum water-milfoil) (Eurasian crispus Potamogeton pondweed) (curlyleaf Plant Species Terrestrial donax Arundo vulgare Foeniculum (fennel) solstitialis Centaurea (yellow star-thistle) June 2014 Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION primrose) (water

Mar, prior to prior prior to prior to prior Timing herbicide herbicide herbicide herbicide herbicide Sep-Nov, year-round, year-round, immediately immediately immediately Mechanical Mechanical

Admin Final Restoration Plan Admin Final Restoration Timing Apr-May Apr-May Apr-May N/A Sep-Nov Sep-Nov Mar-April Mar-April Herbicide

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project Timing

Dewatering Dewatering Ultra) Ultra) Ultra) Ultra) ProMax)

Herbicide triclopyr (est. 8 triclopyr triclopyr (est. 8 triclopyr chlorsulfuron (est. chlorsulfuron spot application of spot application of spot application spot application of spot application of spot application 6-23 glyphosate (est. 3.3 (est. glyphosate qts/acre of Garlon 4 qts/acre of Garlon qts/acre of Garlon 4 qts/acre of Garlon 2.5 oz/acre of Telar) of 2.5 oz/acre qts/acre of Roundup qts/acre of Roundup herbicide herbicide herbicide herbicide herbicide Technique Technique mowing and mowing and mowing physical and and physical unknown herbicide herbicide unknown 2-5 acres 2-5 acres Prospect Prospect Extent on Extent <0.01 acre <0.01 acre <0.01 acre <0.01 acre (estimated) (estimated)

Approximate Approximate

(red

sesbania) Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION Scientific name (common name) Sesbania punicea Rubus armeniacus blackberry) (Himalayan selloana Cortaderia grass) (pampas latifolium Lepidium pepperweed) (perennial June 2014

Dec 2016 2016

Nov Nov 2016 2016

Admin Final Restoration Plan Admin Final Restoration Oct 2016 2016 removal removal Herbicide Herbicide Mechanical Mechanical Sep 2016 2016

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

Aug Aug 2016 2016 Apply herbicide removal removal Mechanical Mechanical Jul 2016 2016 2015) 2015) Dewater Dewater (initiated

completed completed November Jun 2016 2016

plant species removal techniques. plant species removal techniques. 6-24

May May 2016 2016 removal removal removal removal followed followed herbicide herbicide herbicide herbicide Mechanical Mechanical Mechanical Mechanical Apr 2016 2016 immediately by immediately by Herbicide Herbicide Mar 2016 2016 Feb 2016 2016 Table 6-5. Timeline of invasive invasive of Timeline Table 6-5.

Jan 2016 2016

) (giant (giant

-ss (Eurasian (Eurasian spp. spp.

peploides reed) Scientific name (common name) Species Plant Emergent Aquatic esculenta Colocasia (taro) Ludwigia ( Myriophyllum spicatum water-milfoil) crispus Potamogeton pondweed) (curlyleaf Plant Species Terrestrial donax Arundo vulgare Foeniculum (fennel) solstitialis Centaurea (yellow star-thistle) Sesbania punicea sesbania) (red montevendensis primrose) (water

Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

Dec 2016 2016 Nov Nov 2016 2016

Admin Final Restoration Plan Admin Final Restoration Oct 2016 2016 herbicide herbicide Mechanical removal removal Mechanical Sep followed immediately by immediately followed 2016 2016

Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project

Aug Aug 2016 2016 Jul 2016 2016

Jun 2016 2016

6-25

May May 2016 2016 Herbicide Herbicide Apr 2016 2016 removal removal followed herbicide herbicide Mechanical Mechanical Mar 2016 2016 immediately by Feb 2016 2016

Jan 2016 2016

Scientific name (common name) Rubus armeniacus (Himalayan blackberry) selloana Cortaderia grass) (pampas latifolium Lepidium (perennial pepperweed)

Admin Final NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.4 Debris, old infrastructure, and dead tree/snag removal The purpose of this restoration activity would be to remove debris, old infrastructure, and dead trees that have the potential to interfere with Project construction and/or with achieving Project ecological goals. Dead tree snags and debris can interfere with construction access, creation of restoration features, and provide habitats for predatory fish.

This restoration activity would involve removing a variety of types of debris at the Project site prior to restoration. Large areas within Prospect Island, primarily in the north property, are covered with stands of dead trees and snags. Clearing and grubbing will occur following site dewatering within 25 ft of the existing drainage ditch network, all channel and breach excavation areas, as well as the footprint of the eastern levee toe berm and intertidal bench. The site contains some remnants of dilapidated, long-abandoned structures from a complex of buildings on the north property, and a collapsed residence on the south property (Parus 2012). Other miscellaneous debris remain from agriculture uses (discarded and/or broken irrigation piping, scrap metal), recreational use (abandoned row boat), and debris brought in during times when levees failed and the site was flooded.

Removal of these materials from the Project site would require a variety of construction equipment and methods. These efforts would require access to the site interior, which would be undertaken after dewatering (Section 6.2.2). Where practicable, debris from invasive species control activities (Section 6.2.3) and snags would be cleared using a combination of bulldozers, excavators, and wheel loaders. Larger standing dead trees may need to be cut down and bucked by hand crews using chain saws. Woody debris (large tree trunk/limbs and root wads) would, to the extent appropriate, be reused on site to enhance habitat structure in upland areas (e.g., the eastern toe berm). Snags and other woody debris from clearing the levee could also be used to construct brush boxes, small erosion protection features that could be installed along the water line of the eastern toe berm and/or eastern intertidal bench. Woody materials would be reused on site to the maximum extent feasible, in order to reduce the volume of debris that would need to be transported and disposed of offsite. All excess and/or unusable debris would be loaded into dump trucks for removal and proper disposal off site, or ground and chipped for incorporation into fill areas on site, as appropriate. Following completion of construction activities requiring dewatering of the site, or earlier if it is not used for dewatering, the pump existing on the north property will also be removed and transported off site for disposal or re- use.

June 2014 6-26 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

PG&E would be responsible for removal of old power poles and remaining power lines that currently exist on site.

6.2.5 Excavate constructed channel network The purpose of this restoration activity would be to construct a network of tidal channels within the restored site. Excavated tidal channels would serve three functions. First, within the emergent marsh areas they would provide open water- edge habitats. Second, they would provide hydraulic connectivity and transport pathways for fish, phytoplankton, and organic matter within the restored site. Third, as the restoration site rebuilds its elevation through the natural processes of sedimentation and plant matter accumulation (aggradation), these channels would become more distinct geomorphically and serve as the “template” for the continued evolution of a tidal channel network on the site.

The design for the constructed channel network on the site was developed using the following guiding principles: 1. Draw upon historical planform morphological characteristics of the Delta (Whipple et al. 2012, Atwater 1979) and other tidal marshes in the region in order to establish an appropriate natural channel template – sinuosity, branching (bifurcation), and total length of channel (linear density). 2. Draw upon historical cross section geometry characteristics of the Delta (SFEI 2012) and other tidal marshes in the region in order to establish appropriate invert elevations and widths, to encourage natural geomorphic function and to avoid colonization by emergent marsh vegetation. 3. Utilize existing features such as remnant channels and agricultural ditches to the greatest extent possible, where beneficial, in order to minimize earthwork. 4. Size channels to promote higher water velocities in order to minimize potential for establishment of Brazilian waterweed, to the extent practicable.

Based on preliminary design calculations, the channels would be excavated in the site interior to have fixed invert elevations of -3 ft NAVD 88 (about -5 ft MLLW), invert widths of 50 ft, and side slopes of 2:1 (Figure 6-4). Channel segments connecting to breaches would have gradual longitudinal slopes. Invert widths of these connecting channel segments would narrow from the widths of the breach inverts to the widths of the constructed channel inverts at a uniform angle, over the length of the connecting segment.

June 2014 6-27 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

For the Proposed Project, the total excavation volume for the constructed channel network is shown in Table 6-3. Material excavated from the site would be re-used on site. Construction of the channel network would be accomplished using a combination of excavators, bulldozers, and wheel loaders.

June 2014 6-28 DRAFT, NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION (16 June 2014)

Typical Constructed Channel, Subtidal

Match to ) )

ft existing grade ~MHHW

~MLLW Elevation ( Elevation 2 1 50 ft

Invert Elevation = -3 ft NAVD88

Distance (ft)

Typical Constructed Channel, Intertidal

Match to existing grade ) ) 0616srb -- ft ~MHHW 2 1 Elevation ( Elevation 50 ft ~MLLW

Invert Elevation = -3 ft NAVD88

Not to Scale Fig-6-3_Typical-Channel-XS_Prospect_AP_1149_2014 Distance (ft) Produced by WWR, June 2014 File: Figure 6-4 Typical Constructed Channel Cross Sections

PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.6 Block or fill remnant agricultural ditches The purpose of this restoration activity would be to close-off sections of remnant agricultural ditches that would not be incorporated into the constructed channel network, so as to prevent flow capture and consequent hydraulic short circuiting.

The constructed channel network would cross several remnant agricultural ditches. This restoration activity would involve re-using soils excavated on site to block or completely fill certain remnant agricultural ditches. At the intersection of constructed channels with some of the larger of these ditches, fill soils would be placed within the ditches, up to the elevation of the surrounding subsided land surface. The lengths of these ‘ditch blocks’ would vary, based on the sizes and positions (intersecting angles) of the individual remnant agricultural ditches at such intersecting locations, relative to the flow velocities that can create scour.

Ditch blocks would be constructed by placing fill generated by excavation of the constructed channel network into portions of the remnant agricultural ditches, and compacting the fill to levels sufficient to minimize scour potential. Construction of these features would be accomplished using a combination of excavators, bulldozers, compactors, and wheel loaders. The estimated total fill volume that would be placed in creating these site features is shown in Table 6-3.

6.2.7 Construct interior topographic features The purpose of this restoration activity would be to create small patches of higher intertidal habitat within the site interior, in order to benefit marsh development and support a greater diversity of wildlife species that may use the restored site.

Interior topographic features would be created by side casting excavated materials adjacent to the constructed channels, as they are excavated. These mounds would be built up to approximately MHW to MHHW elevation (6–6.5 ft NAVD88), with side slopes of approximately 5:1 to 10:1, and would be compacted only to the extent that would occur as a result of the use of construction equipment in placing and grading soils (i.e., levels of compaction would be incidental rather than engineered). These features would be constructed so as not to substantially diminish wind fetch across the restored site.

The estimated total volume placed for creation of these features is shown in Table 6-3.

June 2014 6-30 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.8 Construct eastern toe berm The purpose of this restoration feature would be to provide protection from wind wave erosion along the eastern Prospect Island levee, so as to minimize the potential for failure of this levee and the resultant potential for increased wind wave erosion on the Ryer Island levee, located directly across Miner Slough.

The eastern Prospect Island levee runs for approximately 27,600 ft (5.23 miles) along Miner Slough. Currently, the Prospect Island levees do not meet Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Plan guidance, nor are they in compliance with the USACE PL84-99 standard (DWR 2012b).

With the Proposed Project, the interior side of the east levee would be subject to daily tidal inundation. Given subsided elevations within Prospect Island, large portions of the interior would become permanent, open water areas, with depths of up to 9 ft at high tides, and greater during winter high flow events.

The eastern toe berm would be constructed along the interior side of the eastern levee, at a 10:1 slope from elevation 10 ft NAVD88 down to the approximate MHW elevation (6ft NAVD88), and at 20:1 from MHW down to existing grade (see Figure 6-5).

The gentle slopes of the eastern toe berm would function to dissipate wind waves approaching the levee. The approach for constructing the eastern toe berm would consist of the following actions prior to levee breaching: 1. Clearing and grubbing of areas within the footprint of the toe berm (30 acres). Large trees would be left in place where practicable (see Section 6.2.2). 2. Placing geotextile fabric to help maintain slope stability, as determined in final design engineering analyses. 3. Transporting soils excavated during channel construction to placement locations within the toe berm footprint. 4. Grading of excavated soils to form the eastern toe berm. Compaction requirements for geotechnical stability and finish grades would be determined during final design. 5. Erosion control by hydro-seeding of native grass species as well as limited planting of native riparian vegetation at elevations along the eastern toe berm that would be above high tide following tidal restoration. Specific locations and extents of riparian revegetation zones, plant species

June 2014 6-31 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

composition, and planting methods would be determined during final design. 6. Pre-breach maintenance and water management of plantings as needed to promote native vegetation establishment.

June 2014 6-32 File: Fig-6-5_Eastern-Toe-Berm-XS_Prospect_1149_2014-0618srb DRAFT, 2014) JUNE (18 NOT DISTRIBUTION FORPUBLIC Produced by WWR, 2014 June WWR, byProduced -20 Miner Slough Levee -10 Elevation (ft NAVD88) 10 15 0 5 0 A 0 riparian revegetate selectedrevegetate 10 vegetation MHHW ExistingGrade GradeDesign Fill ~10 final designfinal 20 - locations TBD in in TBD locations 1 • From elevation • = From 6 ft to existing grade,fill slope 20H:1V = areas Toe Toe Berm • From elevation • = 6 to From 10 ft , ft fill slope = 10H:1V with with 30 Eastern Toe Berm 40 Elevation Elevation = 6 Distance (ft) 50 ~20 1 60 PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT PROSPECTPROJECT HABITATRESTORATIONISLANDTIDAL 70 Match Match to existing grade, Eastern Eastern Toe Berm Typical Cross Section 80 90 ~MHHW length varies 100 110 A' Figure 6-5 120 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.9 Construct eastern intertidal bench The purpose of this restoration feature would be to provide protection from wind wave erosion along the eastern Prospect Island levee, so as to minimize the potential for failure of this levee and the resultant increased wind wave erosion on the Ryer Island levee, located directly across Miner Slough.

Creation of this feature would involve building a wide, earthen “bench” along the interior side of the eastern levee, to intertidal elevations, in areas where existing interior elevations adjacent to the levee are subtidal. These conditions are found from the internal cross levee north, approximately 1 mile. The bench would have a slope of approximately 100:1 from elevation 6 ft NAVD88 (roughly MHW) to 2 ft NAVD 88 (roughly MLLW), and at 2:1 from 2ft NAVD 88 until the bench edge elevation reached existing grade (Figure 6-6). Exact dimensions would be determined based on quantities of materials available to construct this feature.

The approach for constructing the bench would consist of the following activities, which would be implemented prior to restoring tidal action: 1. Clearing and grubbing of areas within the footprint of the intertidal bench (see Section 6.2.2). 2. Placing geotextile fabric near the bench toe transition to existing grade to help maintain slope stability, as determined in final design engineering analyses. 3. Transporting soils excavated during channel network construction to placement locations within the intertidal bench footprint. 4. Grading of soils. Compaction requirements for geotechnical stability and finish grades would be determined during final design. 5. If needed, native wetland vegetation may be planted in areas that would form open water edge habitat post breaching (i.e., highly energetic areas subject to undampened wind wave energy), to a maximum width of 20 ft. In addition, limited experimental plantings would be conducted to gain information on the relative success of planting methods and to compare vegetation establishment between planted and unplanted areas. Plot locations, dimensions, and planting methods would be determined during final design. The remainder of the intertidal bench would be left unplanted to allow for natural colonization. 6. Maintenance and water management as needed to promote Project objectives.

June 2014 6-34 DRAFT, NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION (18 JUNE 2014) Eastern Intertidal Bench • From elevation = 10 ft to 6 ft, fill slope = 10H:1V • From elevation = 6 ft to 2 ft, fill slope = 50H:1V or more Miner Slough B • From elevation = 2 ft to existing grade, fill slope = 5H:1V B' Levee

See Figure 6-5 Intertidal Bench, Gentler Slope revegetate with Revegetation, (a) if needed, plant max 20' wide band along lower contour, (b) limited experimental riparian planting in locations TBD vegetation 10 ~10 1

Elevation = 6 ~MHHW

Elevation (ft NAVD88) (ft Elevation 5 ~50-100 1 Elevation = 2 Design Grade Existing Grade MHHW ~5 1 Fill 0 0

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460

Fig-6-6_Eastern-Tidal-Bench-XS_Prospect_1149_2014-0618srb Distance (ft) Match to existing grade, length varies Produced by WWR, June 2014 File: Figure 6-6 Eastern Intertidal Bench Typical Cross Section

PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.10 Breach internal cross levee The purpose of this restoration activity would be to provide hydraulic connection between the north and south properties.

The internal cross levee breach would have a cross sectional area matching that of the south breach. The breach invert elevation would be at -3ft NAVD88, to match that of the constructed channel network in the south property and the existing grade in the north property adjacent to the internal cross levee breach location. Breach invert width would be approximately 400 ft, with side slopes of 2:1 (Figure 6-7). Construction of this breach would result in loss of legal access to the Stringer property (Figure 4-7).

Excavated soils would be used to fill the existing borrow ditch that runs along the north side of the internal cross levee to elevation -3ft NAVD88 at the breach. Fill in the borrow ditch would extend at least 100 ft to either side of the cross levee breach to create ditch blocks (see Section 6.2.6).

Breaching of the internal cross levee would be accomplished using excavators. Excavators and/or bulldozers would place and grade a portion of the excavated soils into the borrow ditch. Excavation volumes are shown in Table 6-3.

June 2014 6-36 DRAFT, NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION (16 June 2014) Internal Cross Levee Breach

Match to existing grade (~12 ft NAVD88) 460 ft

)

ft 2 1 400 ft Elevation ( Elevation

Invert Elevation = -3 ft NAVD88

Fig-6-7_Internal-Cross-Levee_Breach-XS_AL_2014-0616srb Distance (ft) Not to Scale Produced by WWR, June 2014 File: Figure 6-7 Internal Cross Levee Breach Cross Section

PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.11 Construct breach velocity dissipation feature The purpose of constructing a breach velocity dissipation feature is to test an experimental design intended to minimize strong velocity gradients on the interior side of levee breaches, where predatory fishes are known to congregate and prey successfully on smaller fishes.

Hydrodynamic modeling conducted for the Project indicates that the proposed levee breaches would create velocity gradients and associated eddies on the internal sides of these breaches. Although no direct studies of higher predation rates effects within low velocity eddies adjacent to levee breaches have been identified, anecdotal observation of fish congregations within these areas suggests that predatory fish species preferentially seek out these habitats for foraging. USFWS and USBR monitoring of fish habitat use during gate operations in the 1990s at the Red Bluff Diversion Dam on the Sacramento River showed increased presence of Sacramento pikeminnow in turbulent areas, with striped bass habitat use concentrated along the turbulent eddy line adjacent to the gate structure (Tucker et al 2003). In studies of smallmouth bass, velocity refugia afforded by structures was hypothesized to allow fish to forage in high velocity areas that would otherwise be energetically unfavorable (Rankin 1986). In addition, fishermen often congregate at levee breaches and other locations that offer these strong velocity gradients, as well known locations for successful fishing.

Prior to breaching the levee, gradually sloping grade transitions would be constructed at one breach location. This would be accomplished by placing fill excavated in construction of the channel network onto the interior side of the levee, and grading to the appropriate design dimensions (Figure 6-8). The breach interior would slope downward longitudinally along the banks of the constructed channel inside the breach, and laterally along the interior toe of the levee. Construction of these features would utilize a combination of excavators and bulldozers. Compaction requirements would be determined during final design. Revegetation measures (if any) would be determined during final design and, if employed, would be similar to those described above for the eastern toe berm.

June 2014 6-38 DRAFT, NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION (16 June 2014) Levee Breach without Breach Transition

Restored Flow lines on flood tide, Prospect line weight Island approximates relative velocities

Levee Breach with Breach Transition Restored Prospect Island

Produced by WWR, June 2014 File:Fig-6-8_BreachVelocityDissipater Features_AP_2014-0616srb Figure 6-8 Breach Velocity Dissipation Feature

PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.12 Dredge Miner Slough spur channel The purpose of this restoration activity is to ensure that unimpeded tidal exchange occurs through the southern breach to Miner Slough.

This restoration feature would involve dredging of the spur channel between Miner Slough and the south breach location. Hydraulic modeling results show that the current geometry of the Miner Sough spur channel is undersized for the anticipated volume of tidal exchange between Miner Slough and the restored Project site, and would, therefore, result in tidal dampening within the Project site.

Current depths in the spur channel range from -5 to -8 ft NAVD88. Preliminary design would lower the channel invert elevation to -16 ft NAVD88. The channel width would remain unchanged. Channel side slopes would vary between 2H:1V and 1.5H:1V. The volume of material dredged from the spur channel is shown in Table 6-3.

Dredging would occur after the south property levee is repaired (see Section 6.2.1), and prior to breaching the Project site (see Section 6.2.13). Dredging of the Miner Slough spur channel would be accomplished either by clamshell or hydraulic dredging with all materials retained on site. If the dredged material meets environmental screening criteria, it would be placed within the Project site (Figure 6-2). If dredged by clamshell, appropriate turbidity control measures (e.g., silt curtains) will be employed in the dead-end spur channel. Excavated materials would be loaded into a barge and transported to pre-constructed containment cells or re-used at one or more locations within the Project site. If employed, hydraulically dredged materials will be placed directly into the containment cells sized to contain the entire dredge volume. No decant of supernatant water will be discharged to the exterior waterways surrounding the Project site and dewatering would be accomplished by evaporative drying.

6.2.13 Breach Miner Slough levee The purpose of this restoration activity is to reconnect the Project site to tidal action, and is the final step in the restoration construction process. This restoration activity would involve excavating two levee breaches to Miner Slough. One breach would be located in the north portion of Prospect Island, approximately 0.5 miles south of Arrowhead Harbor. The second breach would be located in the south property, at the location of the formerly repaired breach connecting to the Miner Slough spur channel (Figure 6-2).

June 2014 6-40 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Levee breaching would be accomplished using excavators. The material excavated from the levee would be handled in one or more of the following ways: (1) directly placed within the site interior near the levee breach, (2) spread on the top or interior side slopes of the levee as reinforcement, (3) loaded into dump trucks and hauled to other areas of the Project site for re-use, (4) or loaded into dump trucks and hauled off site. Materials excavated from portions of the levee that are above the high tide line would be readily moved and re-used within the site. Once excavation levels dropped below the elevation of high tide, and tidal waters could enter the site, placement of excavated soils would, for the most part, be limited to areas in the immediate proximity of the breach or on the levee, or the soils would be removed from the site. Total excavation volumes for the breaches are shown in Table 6-3. The need for environmental testing of excavated materials at potential breach locations is currently being evaluated as part of Project permitting.

To protect the remaining adjacent levees from erosion, stone slope protection may be placed on the interior, exterior, and levee end slopes near the breach. The stone slope protection would be placed from the levee crest down to the base of the slope in the water.

June 2014 6-41 DRAFT, NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION (16 June 2014) Miner Slough Levee Breach(es)

1 2

Breach top width and elevation varies by location and Alternative ) ft

2 Invert width3 and elevation4 1 varies by location and Alternative Elevation ( Elevation

Distance (ft) Not to Scale

Breach Dimensions 1Top Width (ft) 2Top Elev (ft NAVD88) 3Invert Width (ft) 4Invert Elev (ft NAVD88) Location PP* Alt 2 Alt 3 PP Alt 2 Alt 3 PP Alt 2 Alt 3 PP Alt 2 Alt 3 North 613 n/a 518 16 n/a 16 531 n/a 438 -4.6 n/a -4 Central n/a 738 579 n/a 14 13 n/a 659 507 n/a -5.9 -4.4 South 447 n/a n/a 9 n/a n/a 394 n/a n/a -4 n/a n/a * PP = Proposed Project Fig-6-9_Miner_Slough_Breach-XS_AL_2014-0616srb Fig-6-9_Miner_Slough_Breach-XS_AL_2014-0616srb

Produced by WWR, June 2014 File: Figure 6-9 Miner Slough Levee Breach(es) Cross Section

PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.2.14 Construction implementation schedule The purposes of providing an implementation schedule for the Proposed Project are to determine the time frames during which construction activities would take place, for CEQA evaluation, and to optimize sequencing and seasonality of construction activities to allow for the shortest viable construction duration. Table 6-6 provides the preliminary implementation schedule.

Table 6-6. Estimated Construction Implementation Timing Restoration Activities Start Date End Date Site Preparation 8/17/2015 7/10/2017 PG&E pole removal1 8/17/2015 1/28/2016 North (DWR) property Dewatering2 11/3/2015 7/31/2016 South (Port) property levee repair3 8/1/2016 10/1/2016 South (Port) property Dewatering2 10/2/2016 7/31/2017 Terrestrial Invasive spp. Control 3/1/2016 11/30/2016 Aquatic Invasive spp. Control 8/1/2016 10/31/2016 Access roads and ramps4 8/16/2016 10/3/2016 Clearing, grubbing, dead tree and snag removal1 10/4/2016 7/10/2017 Construction 8/1/2016 11/20/2018 Dredge Miner Slough spur channel3 8/1/2016 10/31/2017 Channel excavation & interior fill5 9/13/2017 7/17/2018 Toe berm & bench construction5 9/13/2017 7/17/2018 Planting and revegetation 8/1/2018 11/20/2018 Miner Slough levee breaches 8/1/2018 11/20/2018 1 Pre‐construction nesting bird surveys needed outside of Aug 16 to Feb 14 work window 2 Includes rehabilitation of existing drainage network and pumps, or portable pumps 3 In‐water work window limited to August 1 to October 31 of each year 4 Repurpose 1‐3 construction access roads as boat ramps for future monitoring access 5 May be restricted to summer (May 1 to Oct 1) work window for GGS

6.2.15 Anticipated Future Habitat Conditions, Proposed Project This section describes the future habitat conditions anticipated following completion of the above-described site preparation and construction activities for the Proposed Project.

1. As-built conditions: Upon completion of construction and breaching of the Miner Slough levee, it is anticipated that the interior of Prospect Island would be primarily open water habitat (Figure 6-10 and Table 6-7). The retained natural communities would initially be limited to the perimeter riparian scrub/shrub wetland and valley foothill riparian habitats located

June 2014 6-43 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

along the Deep Water Ship Channel levee, northern cross levee, and the upper slopes of the Miner Slough levee. Figure 6-11 depicts a cross- sectional view of anticipated habitat conditions on Prospect Island following breaching of the Miner Slough levee. With the exception of limited riparian plantings, all unvegetated upland areas would be hydroseeded for erosion control; thus, all upland areas that were not valley foothill riparian (as mapped in pre-restoration conditions) would be grassland in the immediate post-construction condition (Figure 6-10 and Table 6-7). 2. Future conditions: Figure 6-11 depicts a cross-sectional view of anticipated habitat conditions on Prospect Island in the 5 to 15 year timeframe. Over time, grassland habitat along the Miner Slough and internal cross levee crown would revert to valley foothill riparian, as the levees would no longer be maintained. Valley foothill riparian, riparian shrub/scrub, and tidal emergent wetland habitats on the restored Prospect Island site are anticipated to slowly colonize and expand from the as-built condition. It is assumed that riparian scrub/shrub wetland habitat will be maintained in approximately the same locations where it was found pre- restoration within intertidal elevations. Based upon observations in natural tidal marshes and known submergence tolerances, tidal emergent marsh is expected to establish in the intertidal zone down to MLLW (Simenstad et al 2000, Orr et al 2003). Figure 6-10 and Table 6-7 show estimated maximum future tidal emergent marsh extent corresponding to establishment throughout the intertidal zone (2.7 – 6.2 ft NAVD88). Tidal waters are expected to decrease from the as-built condition and become colonized over time with tidal emergent wetland. It is anticipated that emergent vegetation will colonize intertidal elevations down to MTL (4.4 ft NAVD88) within approximately 4–5 years and to MLLW (2.7 ft NAVD88) within approximately 10–15 years following breaching. Based on observations in natural tidal marshes as well as recent observations at Liberty Island (Simenstad et al 2000, Orr et al 2003, Hester et al 2013), marsh emergent vegetation may slowly colonize shallow subtidal habitats (approx. 1–2 ft below MLLW) over the long term via lateral growth (approx. 1–3 ft/year) from plants that establish in the adjacent low intertidal zone. However, there is currently uncertainty over the magnitude and rate at which such subtidal emergent vegetation can develop following restoration in the Delta (Hester et al 2013), especially given the expected trajectory of sea level rise over the next several decades.

June 2014 6-44 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Table 6-7. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, Projected As-Built, and Future, Proposed Project1

Existing As‐Built2 Change in Area Type of Future3 (acres) jurisdictional (acres) (acres) (acres) feature North South North South North South North South Open Water Non‐tidal waters of 131 209 0 0 0 0 ‐131 ‐209 the U.S. Tidal waters of the 0 0 1,204 246 1,031 185 +1,031 +185 U.S. Wetland Non‐tidal freshwater 1,064 35 0 0 0 0 ‐1,064 ‐35 perennial emergent wetland Tidal emergent 0 0 0 0 185 70 +185 +70 wetland Riparian scrub/shrub 35 18 27 16 27 16 ‐8 ‐2 wetland Non‐Jurisdictional Lands4 Cultivated lands 18 0 18 0 18 0 ‐ ‐

Developed 3 2 3 2 3 2 ‐ ‐

Grassland 55 12 67 17 44 10 ‐11 ‐2 Non‐tidal freshwater 4 1 0 0 0 0 ‐4 ‐1 perennial emergent wetland Valley foothill 56 30 48 27 59 24 +2 ‐5 riparian 1Within Diked Lands Project Area 2As‐built acres are immediately after breaching of Miner Slough levee 3Natural colonization potential assumed to be within intertidal elevations only (2.7‐6.2 ft NAVD88) 4Non‐Jurisdicational acreages based on Natural Communities Data (ESA, SWS 2014)

June 2014 6-45

18 Profile A-A’ (North Property) 17 16 15 14 13

12 Miner Slough Existing Conditions: 11 10 Emergent wetland vegetation persists 9 8 across the subsided island bottom with 7 essentially static water levels at app. +3 ft 6 5 NAVD88. The edges of the northern Ship Channel Water Deep Sacramento 4 portion of the island support limited 3

riparian vegetation. NAVD) (ft Elevation 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 18 17 16 15 14 13 As-Built Conditions: 12 11 Miner Slough 10 Pre-construction invasive plant species 9 Toe Berm control measures are expected to 8 7 eliminate existing marsh vegetation. MHHW 6 Intertidal Bench Breaching introduces twice-daily high 5 and low tides. 4 Ship Channel Water Deep Sacramento 3 MLLW Elevation (ft NAVD) (ft Elevation 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 18 17 16 15 Future Conditions: 14 13 In the near-term, emergent wetland 12 plants re-colonize the intertidal 11 10 Miner Slough portions of the site. Over the long- 9 Toe Berm term (perhaps decades), vegetation 8 could extend into subtidal areas, 7 Intertidal Bench 6 MHHW though their footprint would be 5 constrained by concurrent sea level rise. 4 Ship Channel Deep Water Sacramento

Riparian vegetation establishes on NAVD) (ft Elevation 3 MLLW 2 the toe berm. 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Distance W to E (ft) Produced by WWR, June 2014 Graphic file:Fig 6-11_All Conditions_2014-0623ct.ai Figure 6-11 Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, As-Built, and Future Conditions - Typical Profile

PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.3 Post Construction Site Maintenance, Monitoring, and Adaptive Management Activities Post construction activities on the site would be focused on monitoring three general areas: (1) evaluating how the site is meeting the restoration performance criteria to achieve the overall Project goals and objectives, (2) evaluating the need for any corrective measures to address potential problems, and (3) gathering scientific information for testing tidal restoration hypotheses to contribute to regional adaptive management science. The activities presented here are not intended to be exhaustive, but to provide a broad indication of site- level monitoring that will be detailed later in a separate Monitoring Plan.

The general suite of monitoring activities that may, to be developed in a Monitoring Plan, include the following broad categories:  Geomorphology  Hydrology  Vegetation communities  Water quality  Aquatic food web and fishes

In addition, post-construction monitoring of the Project site would be necessary to identify potential problems and formulate corrective measures for addressing them. Potential problems that could occur at the Project site include:  Colonization and establishment of invasive aquatic weeds  Colonization and establishment of invasive wetland and upland plants  Colonization by invasive fish  Levee instability/erosion  Harmful algal blooms

Lastly, in the context of regional ecosystem restoration adaptive management, studies may take place at Prospect Island, utilizing the design itself as the study subject.

June 2014 6-48 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.4 Restoration Alternative 1 The “No Project” alternative, does not include any of the Proposed Project constructed features. Main differences include: 1. No breaches or weirs would be constructed on the Project site 2. No dredging of the Miner Slough spur channel would occur 3. Invasive plants, woody debris, and old infrastructure would not be removed 4. RD 1667 would continue levee maintenance activities as their duties required 5. Future levee repairs may be required to address scour hole formation or breaches

6.5 Restoration Alternative 2 Figure 6-12 illustrates the restoration features of Alternative 2. Differences of Alternative 2 from the Proposed Project are: 1. No dredging of the Miner Slough spur channel 2. No levee breach in the northeast corner 3. Construct a high-stage overflow weir in the northeast corner near Arrowhead Harbor 4. Construct a central Miner Slough breach, located between the Stringer property and interior cross-levee 5. The size and dimensions for the eastern intertidal bench would vary somewhat from that to be constructed with the Proposed Project, as the volume of excavated soils generated would be lesser under Alternative 2. The bench may, as a result have a smaller footprint and/or steeper side slopes.

The weir and central breach, which are not features of the Proposed Project, are described below.

6.5.1 Construct Overflow Weir The purpose of this restoration feature is to allow hydrologic connectivity of the Project site to Miner Slough during winter and spring high-flow events to allow fish direct access into the site when juvenile salmonids are passing through the Delta and utilizing Sutter and Steamboat sloughs as migratory corridors.

The overflow weir would be constructed by lowering a section of the existing Miner Slough levee from its current elevation of approximately 16 ft NAVD88 to 7 ft NAVD88, and armoring the levee top and interior and exterior sides to prevent

June 2014 6-49 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

erosion. This overflow weir would take the form of a wide, armored notch in the levee (see Figure 6-13). The 7ft NAVD88 invert elevation would allow Miner Slough flows with a 1-year recurrence interval or greater to overtop the weir, while minimizing tidal connectivity. Preliminary design of the overflow weir has set the invert elevation at 7 ft (NAVD88), the invert width at 1,000 ft, and weir slopes to the levee crest of 2.5%. Road width atop the weir would be wider than the existing levee road, and would match levee width at the constructed weir elevation (i.e., the road gets wider, lower in the levee prism).

The overflow weir would be constructed by excavating the proposed section of the levee using an excavator and grading to appropriate elevations and dimensions with a bulldozer. The weir would be armored to provide scour protection. Armoring material would consist of open-cell concrete block or rock material. The material used for weir armoring would be transported to the Project site by truck or barge. It is anticipated that between 12 and 90 weir overtopping events would occur in representative dry and wet water year types, respectively, with durations as short as one hour at high tide to as long as two weeks. The weir would be constructed to allow vehicle access across it when not inundated, thereby lessening access impacts.

6.5.2 Breach Miner Slough levee This restoration activity would involve excavating one levee breach to Miner Slough, in the central portion of Prospect Island just north of the existing internal cross levee and south of the Stringer property (Figure 6-12). Construction of this breach would result in loss of legal access to the Stringer property (Figure 4-7).

Levee breaching and handling of materials would be accomplished using the same methods as the Proposed Project. The total excavation volume for the breach us shown in Table 6-3.

6.5.3 Anticipated Future Habitat Conditions, Alternative 2 This section describes the anticipated future habitat conditions following construction of Alternative 2.

1. As-built conditions: Following Alternative 2 construction and breaching of the Miner Slough levee, it is anticipated that the interior of Prospect Island would be primarily open water habitat (Figure 6-14 and Table 6-8). Habitat conditions are expected to be the same as described in the anticipated as-built conditions for the Proposed Project.

June 2014 6-50 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

2. Future conditions: Table 6-8 and Figure 6-14 depict the extent of future habitats on Prospect Island anticipated to develop under Alternative 2. Figure 6-11 depicts a cross-sectional view of anticipated future habitat conditions on Prospect Island following breaching of the Miner Slough levee. Habitat conditions are expected to be the same as described in the anticipated future conditions for the Proposed Project, with the following exceptions:  As with the Proposed Project, vegetation colonization into the intertidal zone over time will slightly reduce tidal waters from the as-built condition, reducing open water habitats to areas with subtidal elevations.  The continued maintenance of the DWSC and Miner Slough levee to provide access to the Stringer Property will preserve grassland habitat along the levee tops. However, the grassland habitat along the internal cross levee and the Miner Slough levee crown south of the Stringer Property will revert to valley foothill riparian habitat.  The construction of the overflow weir in the north property will convert 3 acres of grassland and valley foothill riparian into developed lands.

June 2014 6-51 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Table 6-8. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, Projected As-Built, and Future, Alternative 21

Existing As‐Built2 Future3 Change in Area Type of jurisdictional (acres) (acres) (acres) (acres) feature North South North South North South North South Open Water Non‐tidal waters of 131 209 0 0 0 0 ‐131 ‐209 the U.S. Tidal waters of the 0 0 1,204 245 1,034 184 +1,034 +184 U.S. Wetland Non‐tidal freshwater perennial emergent 1,064 35 0 0 0 0 ‐1,064 ‐35 wetland Tidal emergent 0 0 0 0 182 71 +182 +71 wetland

Riparian scrub/shrub 35 18 27 16 27 16 ‐8 ‐2 wetland Non‐Jurisdictional Lands4 Cultivated lands 18 0 18 0 18 0 ‐ ‐

Developed 3 2 6 2 6 2 +3 ‐

Grassland 55 12 66 18 51 10 ‐4 ‐2 Non‐tidal freshwater perennial emergent 4 1 0 0 0 0 ‐4 ‐1 wetland Valley foothill 56 30 46 27 49 25 ‐7 ‐5 riparian 1Within Diked Lands Project Area 2As‐built acres are immediately after breaching of Miner Slough levee 3Natural colonization potential assumed to be within intertidal elevations only (2.7‐6.2 ft NAVD88) 4Non‐Jurisdicational acreages based on Natural Communities Data (ESA, SWS 2014)

June 2014 6-52

DRAFT, NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION 16 JUNE 2014 existing Miner Slough levee ELEVATION VIEW 2.5% 2.5% 1,000 ft armored surface

2.5% slope 2.5% slope

’ C’ D flow on flood Miner Slough invert elevation: 7 ft overflow weir invert elevation: 7 ft flow on ebb overflow weir between Miner Slough and Prospect Island: armored on both sides C D

Overflow Weir between Prospect Island and Miner Slough (looking west across Miner Slough from Ryer Island)

CROSS SECTION VIEWS

Overflow Weir Existing Levee 12 ft Prospect Island Minor Slough Prospect Island Restored Wetlands Restored Wetlands Miner Slough 2:1 4:1 armoring

C’ C D’ D

Produced by WWR, June 2014 Graphic file: Overflow Weir Typical Detail_1149_2014-0616ct-srb.ai Figure 6-13 Alternative 3 High Stage Miner Slough Overflow Weir Conceptual Engineering Detail

PROSPECT ISLAND TIDAL HABITAT RESTORATION PROJECT

Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.6 Restoration Alternative 3 Figure 6-15 illustrates the restoration features of Alternative 3. Differences of Alternative 3 from the Proposed Project are:

1. The south property would not be included in the Project. 2. The south property levee would not be repaired. 3. The south property would not be dewatered. 4. The eastern toe berm would not be constructed on the south property. 5. The size and dimensions for the eastern intertidal would vary from that to be constructed with the Proposed Project, as the volume of excavated soils generated would be significantly lesser under Alternative 3. The bench may, as a result have a smaller footprint and/or steeper side slopes. 6. The internal cross levee would not be breached 7. The Miner Slough spur channel would not be dredged 8. Two breaches on Miner Slough would be constructed: one approximately 0.5 miles south of Arrowhead Harbor and one just north of the Stringer property.

The locations and excavated volumes of the Miner Slough levee breaches are described below.

6.6.1 Breach Miner Slough levee This restoration activity would involve excavating two levee breaches to Miner Slough. One breach would be located approximately 0.5 miles south of Arrowhead Harbor (the same location as with the Proposed Project). The second breach would be located just north of the Stringer property, in the central portion of Prospect Island (Figure 6-15). Construction of these breaches would maintain legal access to the Stringer property (Figure 4-7).

Levee breaching and handling of materials would be accomplished using the same methods as with the Proposed Project. The total excavation volume for the breach is shown in Table 6-3.

June 2014 6-56 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

6.6.2 Anticipated Future Habitat Conditions, Alternative 3 This section describes the anticipated future habitat conditions following construction of Alternative 3.

1. As-built conditions: Following Alternative 3 construction and breaching of the Miner Slough levee, it is anticipated that the interior of Prospect Island would be primarily open water habitat (Figure 6-16 and Table 6-9). Habitat conditions are expected to be the same as described in the anticipated as- built conditions for the Proposed Project. 2. Future conditions: Table 6-9 and Figure 6-16 depict the extent of future habitats on Prospect Island anticipated to develop under Alternative 3. Figure 6-11 depicts a cross-sectional view of anticipated future habitat conditions on Prospect Island following breaching of the Miner Slough levee. Habitat conditions are expected to be the same as described in the anticipated future conditions for the Proposed Project, with the following exceptions:  As with the Proposed Project, vegetation colonization into the intertidal zone over time will slightly reduce tidal waters from the as-built condition, reducing open water habitats to areas with subtidal elevations.  Grassland habitat along the DWSC levee, internal cross levee and Miner Slough levee crown will be maintained to allow access to the Stringer Property from the South. The remaining grassland habitat along the Miner Slough levee will no longer be maintained and will convert into valley foothill riparian habitat.

June 2014 6-57 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Table 6-9. Prospect Island Habitats: Existing, Projected As-Built, and Future, Alternative 31

Existing As‐Built2 Change in Area Type of Future3 (acres) jurisdictional (acres) (acres) (acres) feature North South North South North South North South Open Water Non‐tidal waters of 131 0 0 ‐131 the U.S. ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Tidal waters of the 0 1,205 1,034 +1,034 U.S. Wetland Non‐tidal freshwater 1,064 0 0 ‐1,064 perennial emergent wetland Tidal emergent ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0 0 182 +182 wetland Riparian scrub/shrub 35 27 27 ‐8 wetland Non‐Jurisdictional Lands4 Cultivated lands 18 18 18 ‐

Developed 3 3 3 ‐

Grassland 55 67 46 ‐9 Non‐tidal ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ freshwater 4 0 0 ‐4 perennial emergent wetland Valley foothill 56 48 57 + <1 riparian 1Within Diked Lands Project Area 2As‐built acres are immediately after breaching of Miner Slough levee 3Natural recolonization potential assumed to be within intertidal elevations only (2.7‐6.2 ft NAVD88) 4Non‐Jurisdicational acreages based on Natural Communities Data (ESA, SWS 2014)

June 2014 6-58

Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

7 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS

Primary author organizations of each chapter are listed. This section will be updated for the Final Restoration Plan.

Chapter 1: Introduction Wetlands and Water Resources

Chapter 2: Project Purpose, Goal, and Objectives Wetlands and Water Resources Stillwater Sciences

Chapter 3: Regional Setting Wetlands and Water Resources

Chapter 4: Existing Site Conditions 4.1 Site History Wetlands and Water Resources 4.2 Current Land Use and Ownership Wetlands and Water Resources 4.3 Physical Resources Wetlands and Water Resources (levees, topography, hydrology, utilities/mineral rights/infrastructure/easements) Stillwater Sciences (geology, soils) 4.4 Biological Resources Stillwater Sciences 4.5 Cultural Resources Grassetti Environmental (from Parus Consulting report) 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous Materials Stillwater Sciences

Chapter 5: Opportunities and Constraints Wetlands and Water Resources Stillwater Sciences

Chapter 6: Restoration Alternatives Wetlands and Water Resources Stillwater Sciences

June 2014 7-1 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

8 LITERATURE CITED

Anderson P, N Denslow, J Drewes, A Olivieri, D Schlenk, G Scott, S Snyder. 8 2012. Monitoring Strategies for Chemicals of Emerging Concern (CECs) in 9 California’s Aquatic Ecosystems: Recommendations of a Science Advisory 10 Panel. Final Report. Submitted at the request of the California Water Resources 11 Control Board by the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa 12 Mesa, CA. Technical Report 692. April 2012

Atwater B.F., S.G. Conard, J.N. Dowden, C.W. Hedel, R.L. MacDonald, and W. Savage. 1979. History, landforms, and vegetation of the estuary’s tidal marshes. In San Francisco Bay, the urbanized estuary: investigations into the natural history of San Francisco Bay and Delta with reference to the influence of man. Fifty-eighth annual meeting of the Pacific Division/American Association for the Advancement of Science held at San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, June 12-16, 1977, ed. T. John Conomos, 493 p. San Francisco, Calif.: AAAS, Pacific Division.

CDC (California Department of Conservation). 2000. Energy map of California, 2000. Map S-2. Scale 1,000,000. ftp://ftp.consrv.ca.gov/pub/oil/maps/Map_S- 2.pdf [Accessed 19 November 2013].

_____. 2001. Oil, gas, and geothermal fields in California, 2001. Map S-1. Scale 1:1,500,000. ftp://ftp.consrv.ca.gov/pub/oil/maps/Map_S-1.pdf [Accessed 19 November 2013].

CDEC (California Data Exchange Center). 2013. http://cdec.water.ca.gov/index.html. Station HWB.

CDFG (California Department of Fish and Game). 2009.

CDFW (California Department of Fish and Wildlife). 2013. California Natural Diversity Database. RareFind3. Electronic database. Natural Heritage Division, California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb/rarefind.asp [Accessed June 2013].

CDTSC (California Department of Toxic Substances Control). 2013. EnviroStor online map viewer database. http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/ [Accessed 19 November 2013].

June 2014 8-1 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

CNPS (California Native Plant Society). 2013. Inventory of rare and endangered plants of California. Online database, 7th edition. D. P. Tibor, convening editor. Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Committee, California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. [Accessed June 2013].

Comrack, L. A. 2008. Yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens). Pages 351–358 in W. D. Shuford and T. Gardali, editors. California bird species of special concern: a ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in California. Studies of western birds no. 1. Western Field Ornithologists, Camarilla, California and California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California.

DSC (Delta Stewardship Council). 2010. Delta Ecosystem White Paper. Available at: http://deltaconservancy.ca.gov/docs/meeting_materials/november_2010/Delta_E cosystem_White_Paper.pdf

DVBRTF (Delta Vision Blue Ribbon Task Force). 2008. Delta Vision Strategic Plan. Available at: http://deltavision.ca.gov/BlueRibbonTaskForce/FinalVision/Delta_Vision_Final.pd f. [Accessed June 2014].

DOGGR (Department of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal). 2013. Online mapping system. Website. www.maps.conservation.ca.gov. [Accessed June 2013].

DWR (California Department of Water Resources). 2012. Prospect Island ownership records. Prepared by DWR Cadastral Unit December 11, 2012.

_____. 2012b. Status of Levee Heights for Delta Islands Memorandum. Prepared for the Delta Stewardship Council. Prepared by Dave Mraz, DWR, Delta Levees and Environmental Engineering Branch. Available at: http://deltacouncil.ca.gov/delta-maps [Accessed April 1, 2013].

_____. 2013. Notice of Preparation of a Draft Environmental Impact Report, Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project. Resources Agency, Sacramento, CA. May 17.

June 2014 8-2 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

______. 2014a. Site characterization and groundwater monitoring data analysis summary, Prospect Island tidal habitat restoration project, Solono County, California.

______. 2014b. Preliminary Wetland Delineation for the Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project, Solano County, California. Draft Report. Prepared by Stillwater Sciences, Davis, California for Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, California. Contract No. 4200009291.

eBird. 2013. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Website [Accessed November 2013]. eBird, Ithaca, New York.

Hester, M. W., J. M. Willis, and T. M Sloey. 2013. Insights into colonization and expansion dynamics of tule marsh at Liberty Island, California. Presentation at the final products meeting for Breach III: Evaluating and Predicting ‘Restoration Thresholds’ in Evolving Freshwater-Tidal Marshes. June 2013. Accessed online, 21 June 2014, at https://sites.google.com/a/uw.edu/breach-iii/emerging- products/presentations .

Hopf, F. 2011. Levee failures in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Characteristics and perspectives. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University, December 2011.

MBK Engineers. 2013. Prospect Island Miner Slough levee inspection.Sacramento, CA. Prepared for Stillwater Sciences, Berkeley, California.

Morgan-King, T. L. and D. H. Schoellhamer. 2013. Suspended-sediment flux and retention in a backwater tidal slough complex near the landward boundary of an estuary. Estuaries and Coasts 36: 300–318.

NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2009. Endangered Species Act – Section 7 Consultation Biological Opinion and Conference Opinion on the Long- term Operations of the Central Valley Project and State Water Project. National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Region. June 4.

NRCS. 2007. National Engineering Handbook Part 360, Hydrology. Chapter 7, Hydrologic Soils Groups. Available at: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detailfull/national/water/?cid=stelprdb10 43063

June 2014 8-3 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

NOS (National Ocean Service). 2003. Computational Techniques for Tidal Datums Handbook. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Special Publication NOS CO-OPS 2. September.

Orr, M., S. Crooks, and P. Williams. 2003. Will Restored Tidal Marshes Be Sustainable? San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, 1(1). http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hj3d20t

PCI (Parus Consulting, Inc). 2012. Cultural resources inventory and effects assessment for the Prospect Island Project, Solano County, California. NWIC File No 11-1006. Prepared for Stillwater Sciences and California Department of Water Resource.

Perry, R. W. and J. R. Skalski. 2009. Migration and survival of juvenile Chinook salmon through the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta during the winter of 2007–2008. Technical Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Stockton, California. http://www.fws.gov/stockton/jfmp/datareports.asp

Perry, R.W., P.L. Brandes, J.R. Burau, A.P. Klimley, B. MacFarlane, C. Michel, and J.R. Skalski. 2013. Sensitivity of survival to migration routes used by juvenile Chinook salmon to negotiate the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Environ. Biol. Fish. 96:381-392.

Rankin, E. T. 1986. Habitat selection by smallmouth bass in response to physical characteristics in a natural stream. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 115: 322-334.

Schoellhamer, D. H., S. A. Wright, and J. Drexler. 2012. A conceptual model of sedimentation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science 10(3).

Siegel, S.W, C. Enright, J. Dudas, and C. Toms. In preparation. Delta Tidal Datum Analysis.

Siegel, S., B. Tom, D. Gillenwater, and C. Enright. 2010. Suisun Marsh tidal marsh and aquatic habitats conceptual model. Chapter 3: tidal marsh. Suisun Marsh habitat management, Restoration and Preservation Plan.

June 2014 8-4 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Simenstad, C., J. Toft, H. Higgins, J. Cordell, M. Orr, P. Williams, L Grimaldo, Z. Hymanson, and D. Reed. 2000. Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta Breached Levee Wetland Study (BREACH). Preliminary Report.

Sommer, T.; and F. Mejia. 2013. A place to call home: a synthesis of Delta smelt habitat in the upper San Francisco Estuary. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, 11. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/32c8t244.

Tilley, D. 2012. Plant guide for hardstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus). USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Idaho Plant Materials Center. Aberdeen, ID. 83210.

Tucker, M.E., C.D. Martin, and P.D. Gaines. 2003. Spatial and temporal distribution of Sacramento pikeminnow and striped bass at the Red Bluff Diversion Complex, including the research pumping plant, Sacramento River, California: January 1997 to August 1998, Red Bluff Research Pumping Plant Report Series, Volume 10, United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service of Bureau of Reclamation, Red Bluff, California, 32 pp.

USACE and DWR (United States Army Corps of Engineers and Department of Water Resources, State of California).2001. Prospect Island Ecosystem Restoration Project, Solano County, California, Environmental Assessment/Initial Study, June 2001

USACE. 2006. Sacramento River Flood Control Project Levee and Channel Profiles Map, Sheet 2 of 4. Available at http://www.cvfpb.ca.gov/profiles/index.cfm. Accessed: January 24, 2012.

USBR (United States Bureau of Reclamation). 2008. Prospect Island Miner Slough Levee Geologic Field Investigations and Grouting Report. Whipple, A.A., R.M. Grossinger, D. Rankin, B. Stanford, and R.A. Askevold. 2012. Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Historical Ecology Investigation: Exploring Pattern and Process. Prepared for the California Department of Fish and Game and Ecosystem Restoration Program. A Report of SFEI-ASC’s Historical Ecology Program, Publication #672, San Francisco Estuary Institute-Aquatic Science Center, Richmond, CA.

USFWS (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2008. Formal Endangered Species Act Consultation on the Proposed Coordinated Operations of the Central Valley Project and State Water Project. Memorandum from Regional Director, Fish and

June 2014 8-5 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Wildlife Service, Region 8, Sacramento, California, to Operation Manager, Bureau of Reclamation, Central Valley Operations Office Sacramento, California. December 15.

______. 2013. Federal endangered and threatened species that occur in or may be affected by projects in the counties and/or USGS 7 1/2 minute quads requested. USFWS, Endangered Species Program, Sacramento, California. http://www.fws.gov/sacramento/es_species/Lists/es_species_lists-overview.htm [Accessed October 2013].

Wetlands and Water Resources and Stillwater Sciences (WWR-Stillwater Sciences). 2013. Prospect Island Invasive Vegetation Existing Conditions Assessment. Prepared for Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA. Contract No. 4200009291. Prepared by Stillwater Sciences, Davis, CA, and Wetlands and Water Resources, Inc., San Rafael, CA

June 2014 8-6 Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Appendices

Admin Final Prospect Island Tidal Habitat Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Admin Final Restoration Plan

Appendix A

Special-status Plant Species Documented in CNDDB and CNPS in the Project Vicinity and Potential to Occur in the Project Site

it

the 3

be of

habitat habitat

under in but

to

and co

created created

site

restoration be be grassland will ntinue ‐

suitable suitable disturbed

present conditions valley

Likelihood not not continue

post be occurrence Project

will foothill habitat None; Low; will None; highly will to

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

species?

enhances conditions Restoration for No No No

2

the

of

highly

under in

be is

d Potential to Occur in the Project site. in the Project site. to Occur d Potential and present present

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

site conditions

but

not grassland may not

suitable suitable

valley

Likelihood occurrence Project current disturbed habitat present None; foothill habitat Low; habitat None;

in

in

in

type valley

soils

flats in

soils alkaline seeps, seeps

clay

scrub,

grassland.

soils foothill foothill and and and

habitat

alkaline mesic

adobe

pools. or and and

sandy subalkaline foothill A-1 A-1

chenopod

Suitable vernal valley grassland, and and meadows Playas, Vernally meadows and valley grassland. in Saline

CNDDB and CNPS in the Project Vicinity an Project Vicinity CNPS in the CNDDB and (ft) range Elevation 3–197 7–246 0–1,837

May

period Blooming March– June April– April– October

:

1 /1B.2 /1B.1 /1B.2

CRPR State/ Status /– /– /– Federal/

– – –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB Special-Status Plant Species Documented in Special-Status

vetch tener tener name name ‐ vetch

‐

cordulata

Table A-1. milk

milk

ferrisiae cordulata tener

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common var. Astragalus var. var. Astragalus Atriplex Ferris' alkali heartscale

the 3

of habitat habitat habitat habitat

under in

created created created created

site

restoration be be be be ‐ suitable suitable suitable suitable

conditions Likelihood not not not not

post occurrence Project will None; will will None; None; will None;

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

species?

enhances conditions Restoration for No No No No

2

the

of

under in

present present present present

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland site conditions

not not not not

suitable suitable suitable suitable

Likelihood occurrence Project current habitat None; habitat None; habitat None; habitat None;

in

soils

type

vernal soils

clay vernal seeps, seeps,

and and in in

scrub,

clay

foothill and scrub, scrub, and and habitat

often

soils or soils grassland. grassland. valley valley

and

A-2 A-2 chenopod

Suitable pools. valley grassland, in playas, foothill playas, foothill Alkaline, meadows Alkaline pools. Alkaline chenopod Alkaline meadows chenopod

(ft) range Elevation 3–1,936 3–1,050 3–2,740 33–377

period Blooming March– October April– October April– October June– October

:

1 /4.2 /1B.2 /1B.2 /1B.2

CRPR State/ Status /– /– /– /– Federal/

– – – –

Query sources CNPS CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB

name name

coronata depressa

pool

coronata Joaquin

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common joaquinana spearscale Atriplex var. persistens Atriplex Atriplex crownscale brittlescale San vernal smallscale Atriplex

e

is

th

the the

the 3

in

of

habitat the present of of

(the

under in

multiple

(8) to

be

created

are site range range

restoration be will region ‐ occurrence

suitable outside outside miles

additional

conditions

Likelihood there not

post occurrence Project occurrences and High; habitat will elevation None; elevation None; seven east) None; closest Project

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

marshes species?

enhances conditions Restoration for enhanced Yes, No No No

2

the and

of of of

highly

range range

under in

be is

present

marshes

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

site valley conditions

but

grassland may not

suitable outside outside

elevation elevation Likelihood

occurrence Project current disturbed present foothill habitat present; Moderate; habitat None; the the None; None;

and

and in type

lake

valley

valley

grassland. cismontane marshes

foothill usually and

habitat

in

and marshes

prairie, grassland.

and

soils soils. swamps. foothill A-3 A-3

Suitable foothill swamps, and margins, and woodland grassland, clay Coastal Freshwater Clay Valley

(ft) range Elevation 98–7,218 49–3,937 0–2,051 98–1,657

period Blooming June– September March– May May– September July– October

:

1 /2B.3 /1B.1 /2B.1 /1B.1

CRPR State/ Status /– /– /– /– Federal/

– – – –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB

name name

leaved sedge comosa

‐

tarplant

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

Scientific Common big watershield Brasenia round bristly Carex schreberi filaree California macrophylla Blepharizonia plumosa

t

the 3

of habitat habita habitat

under in

created created created

site

restoration be be be ‐ suitable suitable suitable

conditions Likelihood not not not

post occurrence Project will None; None; will None; will

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

to

will

will

to tidal tidal salt

low tidal

species? marsh the the be

too

enhances conditions Restoration for coastal marsh habitat No create enough not influence No, habitat create salt be salinities No,

2

the

of

under in

present present present

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland site conditions

not not not

suitable suitable suitable

Likelihood occurrence Project current habitat None; habitat None; habitat None;

in

type

and

mesic

soils salt vernal

swamps, mesic

marshes roadsides,

foothill foothill coastal habitat

and

vernally and

seeps, salt meadows

coastal and and

alkaline

in, vernally

swamps. A-4 A-4

Suitable pools. valley grassland sometimes valley grassland. soils and Alkaline, marshes seeps, and Coastal Often chaparral, prairie,

(ft) range Elevation 0–328 0–1,378 0–10

period Blooming May– October May– November July– November

:

1 /4.2 /1B.2

CRPR State/ Status /– /– Federal/

– FE/CR/1B.2 –

Query sources CNPS CNPS, CNDDB, USFWS CNPS, CNDDB

name name beak

‐ tarplant

rough

subsp. subsp. subsp. subsp.

]

bird's

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common Cordylanthus molle [ mollis mollis Chloropyron molle tarplant Centromadia parryi rudis pappose Parry's soft Centromadia parryi parryi

the

miles the

range 3

in

of

habitat habitat present

(closest multiple under in

six

outside (5)

is be

created created are

site

restoration be be will region ‐

suitable suitable west) elevation

additional conditions slightly

Likelihood there not not

post the the occurrence Project

of will Low; will None; to and None; High; habitat occurrence Project occurrences

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

marshes species?

enhances conditions Restoration for No No No enhanced Yes,

2

the

of

under in outside

present present marshes

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland site conditions

not not

suitable suitable elevation

slightly

Likelihood the

occurrence Project current range of habitat Low; None; habitat present Moderate; freshwater None;

in

and

type and

marshes

or valley valley

grassland

in

habitat

water fresh

grassland

dunes. dunes, pools. soils soils.

swamps. foothill A-5 A-5

Suitable and sandy Inland brackish and Inland Mesic foothill vernal Coastal,

(ft) range Elevation 3–1,460 0–66 30–492 0–656

May

period Blooming March– May July– October April– July– September

:

1

/2B.2 /1B.1 /1A /2B.1

CRPR State/ Status /– /– /– /– Federal/

– – – –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB

pusilla

name name water ‐

Dunes

var.

maculata downingia

bolanderi

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common Eriogonum buckwheat nudum Downingia psychicola Cryptantha hooveri Bolander's Hoover's cryptantha dwarf Antioch hemlock Cicuta var.

hly will it

the 3

be of

habitat habitat hig

under in but but

to

be and and co continue

ntinue created created

site

to

restoration be be grassland will grassland will ‐

suitable suitable disturbed

present present conditions valley valley

Likelihood not not continue

post be be occurrence Project

continue will to None; foothill habitat foothill habitat Low; Low; will highly None; will disturbed to

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

species?

enhances conditions Restoration for No No No No

2

but the

‐

of

highly

under in

be be

and and present present habitat non soils

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland the but

site disturbed conditions

is on

of

not grassland may grassland may not site

suitable suitable

valley valley

critical

Likelihood highly

occurrence Project current outside Project and disturbed present habitat is foothill habitat None; present serpentine Low; foothill habitat Low; habitat None;

soils in

type

and

scrub, foothill

soils

in coastal valley

foothill and coastal

habitat

clay

grassland. coastal

dunes. and soils and serpentinite

valley A-6 A-6

cismontane

Suitable Inland foothill Sandy chaparral, scrub, grassland. Alkaline, valley grassland. Often in prairie, and woodland,

(ft) range Elevation 10–66 10–1,148 0–3,199 10–1,345

period

Blooming March– July April– September (November ),(Decembe r), March– April February– April

:

1 /1B.1 /1B.1 /1B.2

CRPR State/ Status /– /– /– Federal/

FE/CE/1B.1 – – –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB, USFWS CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB

name name

var.

poppy

petaled

liliacea

‐ fritillary

Costa

Diablo

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common angustatum wallflower Erysimum capitatum Eriogonum buckwheat truncatum California Eschscholzia rhombipetala Mt. Contra diamond fragrant Fritillaria

to

the

3

high

of

habitat habitat present of

a under in

miles

(48) Cache

3 be

created created are

site in

range an

of restoration be be

will ‐

outside

suitable suitable

additional conditions Likelihood there not not north

post occurrence Project elevation None; will Slough and None; High; will habitat the occurrence None; including occurrences number

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

marshes species?

enhances conditions Restoration for No No enhanced Yes, No

2

the

of of

range under in

present present habitat

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland site conditions

not not

outside suitable suitable

elevation Likelihood

occurrence Project current the None; habitat present Moderate; None; habitat None;

type in

valley valley

lake in soils

vernal

marshes grassland. grassland. marshes

and cismontane

habitat

in

and soils

adobe

soils swamps. swamps, foothill foothill A-7 A-7

Suitable woodland, and pools. Often and chaparral, Freshwater Alkaline margins and and Clay

(ft) range Elevation 60–705 0–394 3–66 33–7,792

period Blooming February– April June– September August– December April– August

:

1 /1B.2 /1B.1 /1B.2

CRPR State/ Status /– /– /– /CE/1B.2 Federal/

– – – –

Query sources CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB

var.

‐

name name

arguta

rose lily hyssop

Lake ‐ ‐

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common hedge goldenbush Isocoma adobe Fritillaria Boggs woolly Carquinez pluriflora mallow Hibiscus lasiocarpos occidentalis Gratiola heterosepala

are

the 3

of habitat

present under in

issues

created

site

recruits

given restoration be

‐ suitable habitat

conditions Likelihood not

post occurrence Project will None; hybridization unlikely however None;

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

and

nced riparian species?

enhances conditions Restoration for forest woodland habitat enha Yes, No

2

and the

any

likely of

was

the

under in

walnuts in present are

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland and

origin site

protected conditions

however

not region

habitat suitable area

black

not

CNDDB Likelihood

hybrid the

occurrence Project current thus of in other extirpated habitat None; present documented occurrence Project the None;

type

valley and

woodland, grassland,

in pools.

habitat

forest woodland.

playas,

soils

vernal foothill A-8 A-8

Suitable riparian Mesic cismontane and Riparian alkaline and

(ft) range Elevation 0–1,542 0–1,444

May

period Blooming March– June April–

:

1 /1B.1

/1B.1

CRPR State/ Status /– Federal/

FE/– –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB, USFWS CNPS, CNDDB

name name

black

hindsii Costa

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common goldfields Lasthenia conjugens Northern Contra California walnut Juglans

the 3

of the

habitat habitat

under in

already in

and be marsh

created created

site

restoration be be will site ‐

suitable suitable

species conditions

nced Likelihood not not

post occurrence Project enha habitat freshwater Project documented High; will will None; None;

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

marshes species? tidal

enhances conditions Restoration for enhanced and influence introduced Yes, No No

2

the the the

of

in in under in

are

40

is present present

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

site

conditions

not not region site;

suitable suitable

one Likelihood occurrence Project current Project (CNDDB) occurrences documented additional Project documented High; occurrence habitat habitat None; None;

type and

valley

in

grasslands. and

habitat

marshes

flats

pools.

foothill A-9 A-9

Suitable swamps. brackish Freshwater Vernal Alkaline and

(ft) range Elevation 0–13 3–2,887 7–656

June

period Blooming May– July(Septe mber), April– March– May

:

1 /1B.2 /1B.1 /1B.2

CRPR State/ Status /– /– /– Federal/

– – –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB ‐

name name

pea pepper

limosa latipes jepsonii

tule

jepsonii heckardii

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common var. Lathyrus grass Legenere Lepidium Delta legenere Heckard's var.

the

the 3

of the the

lready of under in

a already in in

and and be be marsh marsh

site range

restoration will will site site ‐

outside

species species conditions

nced Likelihood post occurrence Project enha habitat freshwater Project High; documented High; elevation None; enhanced habitat freshwater Project documented

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

marshes marshes species? tidal tidal

enhances conditions Restoration for enhanced and influence introduced Yes, enhanced and influence introduced Yes, No

2

the the the the the

of of

range in in in in under in

are are

are 37 102

is

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

site

conditions

region region site; site; outside

one two

elevation Likelihood

occurrence Project current Project (CNDDB) Project (CNDDB) occurrences documented additional Project occurrences documented additional Project documented the occurrence High; None; documented High; occurrences

of

type

foothill

brackish

swamps swamps, banks

scrub. scrub. woodland

freshwater or

and habitat

and and or

mud

riparian riparian valley

A-10 A-10 Suitable grassland. and Brackish marshes and Cismontane and Usually freshwater marshes

(ft) range Elevation 82–3,986 0–33 0–10

period Blooming March– May April– November May– August

:

1 /1B.1 /2B.1

CRPR State/ Status /– /CR/1B.1 /– Federal/

– – –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB CNPS CNPS, CNDDB

name name

masonii

lilaeopsis

radiata golden

mudwort

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common Limosella australis madia Lilaeopsis Madia Mason's Delta showy

the

the 3

of

habitat habitat habitat of

under in

created created created

site range

restoration be be be ‐ suitable suitable suitable outside

conditions Likelihood not not not

post occurrence Project will will will None; None; elevation None; None;

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

species?

enhances conditions Restoration for No No No No

2

the

of of

range under in

present present present habitat habitat

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland the the

site conditions

of of

not not not site site

suitable suitable suitable outside

critical critical elevation

Likelihood

occurrence Project current outside Project and outside Project habitat and habitat None; habitat None; the None; None;

type

pools.

valley

seeps, large

in

woodland, grassland in

in forest, pools.

foothill vernal

and habitat

soils soils dunes. pools.

soils and montane

vernal foothill

A-11 A-11 Suitable Alkaline Mesic cismontane valley grassland, vernal Adobe Inland and and lower coniferous meadows

(ft) range Elevation 66 –2,100 16–5,709 16–656 0–98

July

period Blooming March– June April– May– August March– September

:

1 /3.1 /1B.1

CRPR State/ Status /– /– Federal/

– – FT/CE/1B.1 FE/CE/1B.1

and

Query sources CNPS CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB, USFWS CNPS, CNDDB, USFWS critical habitat

name name

subsp. subsp.

primrose

Dunes ‐ navarretia

grass bakeri

mousetail

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common evening Oenothera apus deltoides howellii colusana Neostapfia minimus Myosurus little Baker's Navarretia leucocephala subsp. Colusa Antioch

will is

the south 3

of

the

habitat

under in

already

in

the there

and be marsh although

created

habitat

site

to

occurrence

restoration be will site ‐

suitable Project

species conditions

nced one Likelihood

not miles

present, post the

occurrence Project

enha habitat freshwater Project documented High; will None; of ten only be additional Moderate;

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

marshes marshes species?

enhances conditions Restoration for enhanced Yes, No enhanced Yes,

2

the the the

of

data);

in in under in

are

are

(CNDDB; present habitat

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

site

conditions

not region site

suitable unpubl.

four

Likelihood additional occurrence

Project current Project (CNDDB) occurrences documented 7 DWR, Project habitat None; documented High; occurrences Moderate; present

and

type

valley swamps.

margins marshes in

vernal habitat

shallow freshwater and

grassland,

pool soils

often swamps.

A-12 A-12 Suitable swales. and Mesic foothill vernal freshwater and Assorted Assorted marshes

(ft) range Elevation 0–899 0–2,133 0–6,102

May July

period Blooming April– May– October June–

:

1 /1B.1 /1B.2 /2B.2

CRPR State/ Status /– /– /– Federal/

– – –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB

name name

‐ popcorn

grass

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 ‐ Scientific Common Sagittaria sanfordii bearded eel zosteriformis Sanford's arrowhead flower pondweed Potamogeton Plagiobothrys hystriculus

(J. to

the 2014) 3

seven

of

present present the under in

multiple multiple

miles

(3) east/

7 be be

are are pers. site nuary

range

an

the restoration Ja

will will

‐

outside

additional additional to conditions

Likelihood there there east/northeast

occurrences post

occurrence Project southeast Witzman, comm., miles elevation the (3) occurrence and None; including occurrences and habitat High; High; habitat

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

marshes marshes species?

enhances conditions Restoration for No enhanced enhanced Yes, Yes,

2

the

of the

under in

marshes marshes

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland range

site conditions

outside

Likelihood occurrence Project current elevation None; present present Moderate; Moderate;

type

clay and

and

valley

and

grassland.

marshes marshes and forest,

habitat

cismontane and and

montane meadows meadows

in

swamps. swamps. foothill

A-13 A-13 Suitable soils woodland, and Serpentinite and and coniferous mesic seeps, seeps, Lower Mesic

(ft) range Elevation 246– 2,133 0–6,890 0–1,640

period Blooming April– May(June), June– September July– September

:

1 /1B.1 /2B.2 /2B.2

CRPR State/ Status /– /– Federal/

FE/– – –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB, USFWS CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB

name name

keckii

skullcap

flowering

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common Scutellaria galericulata marsh side ‐ skullcap Keck's checkerbloom Scutellaria lateriflora Sidalcea

the 3

of the

habitat habitat

under in

already in

and be marsh

created created

site

restoration be be will site ‐

suitable suitable

species conditions

nced Likelihood not not

post occurrence Project enha habitat freshwater Project documented High; will None; will None;

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

marshes species? tidal

enhances conditions Restoration for enhanced and influence introduced Yes, No No

2

the the the

of

in in under in

are are

present present

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

94 site conditions

not not region site

suitable suitable

four Likelihood occurrence Project current Project occurrences documented Project (CNDDB); additional habitat None; documented High; occurrences habitat None;

et

and

and type

and

valley and swamps

Baldwin

alkaline saltmarsh

marshes in

to habitat

and and

grassland, grassland valley

pools. pools.

soils

mesic, in

swamps.

A-14 A-14 ), 4

Suitable al. vernal freshwater and according Brackish soils foothill Marshes (specifically Mesic foothill vernal

(ft) range Elevation 0–10 0–984 16–33

June

period Blooming May– November April– April– August

:

1 /1B.2 /1B.2

CRPR State/ Status /– /– Federal/

– FE/CE/1B.1 –

Query sources CNPS, CNDDB CNPS, CNDDB, USFWS CNPS, CNDDB

Solano name name

or

Marsh

clover

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 Scientific Common mucronata aster Tuctoria Symphyotrichum lentum grass Trifolium hydrophilum tuctoria Suisun saline Crampton's

of

University

edition.

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan second

California,

ect. of

Proj

species.

plants

the

for species.

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

restoration

the vascular

site.

the

for

by follows:

availability as manual: Project

habitat.

the

availability follows: habitat

this enhanced Jepson

defined

as

from

is

not The

is

ha create

bitat

enhance

lacking defined

and 2012. not

is is not

conditions will

enhance will

elsewhere

quality. quality

range) editors. A-15 A-15

will

low low

conditions elsewhere

restoration common ‐ restoration

Wilken, very very

restoration

elevation

of of H.

sewhere extinct and current post

restoration

is is but more list el

D.

and

or

it it

site

site site. but

and and

are under under but

but

and/or types review

site site site site

–a Project

site site.

Project Project

either

Rosatti list J.

the California California,

the the and need

T.

in in Project Project

Project Project

in in

is

Project Project community

from

watch the the

the the

a the the

in in in in –

plant

occurs occurs in in

California California

lacking Patterson,

in

in

California is (i.e.,

occur occur endangered endangered California

R.

information

occurs occurs

in in

to to or or habitat habitat

CESA ESA ESA

Keil, distribution more

J.

habitat habitat

the the

the

documented documented habitat habitat

extirpated D.

species species

threatened CNPPA

required required which threatened

limited been been threatened

under under

under

threatened, threatened, the

required required of for status status

‐ ‐ required required has has ecies’

very

Goldman, rare, presumed rare, sp species’

under

H. Not Seriously Moderately Plants Plants

Berkeley. the the

special special

species’ species’

D.

species species

a a species’ species’

Plants Plants Rare Endangered Threatened None Endangered Plants G., the the

for for the the the the

Press,

B.

======

Moderate: Low: Low: None: High: None: High: Moderate:

• • • 0.3 1B 0.1 0.2 1A • 4 • CR • 3 CE FT • • – FE 2B California CRPR State Status: Federal Likelihood Likelihood Baldwin,

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION 1 2 3 4 June 2014 IN-PROGRESS DRAFT Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project NOT FOR CIRCULATION Draft Restoration Plan

Appendix B

Special-status Wildlife and Fish Species Documented in CNDDB in the Project Vicinity and Potential to Occur in the Project Site

of to

will will will under the

Project

vernal vernal vernal in

site

bitat range

no no th no e restoration outside

e

‐ ; ; ; ; ha habitat habitat is conditions species’

occur

cre created created Likelihood

ated

post Project pool pool be None None None pool be None known the site be

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan species? enhances

Restoration conditions No No No No

the

is

at

b,c Project Project Project

site vernal vernal vernal

under

the the the no no no

species’

occur Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

site conditions at at at is is is and Potential to Occur in the Project sit and Potential

to the Project

of

range

the there there there

; ; ; ; Project habitat habitat habitat current Likelihood site pool site known pool outside None None None site pool None

in in in

pools pools

found found

ponds

outcrop outcrop

also also

and bottomed association vernal ‐

stock B-1 claypan rock rock

grasslands pools; pools; pools

deep and grass

INVERTEBRATES Habitat pools sandstone pools, pools, sandstone Vernal annual Vernal Large, ephemeral Vernal (Listed in Taxonomic Order). Order). in Taxonomic (Listed

Documented in CNDDB in the Project Vicinity in CNDDB Documented

to in

to also

and

Ranges Butte,

California

central south County;

County

Stanislaus, counties in Ventura

populations County

Obispo, Coast

Glenn, and Alameda,

occurrences populations County

Valley, Costa

County

Luis

Barbara

Solano, Tehama known

south

Riverside San

Distribution in Santa isolated from counties Merced Contra Merced, Central and Yolo, Merced, Shasta in Tehama, Four Disjunct

a

State – Status Federal/ FT/– Critical habitat (Designated) FE/ Critical habitat (Designated) FE/– FE/–

et et et et

Special-Status Wildlife and Fish Species Wildlife Special-Status

Query sources al. al. USFWS, CNDDB, DWR USFWS, CNDDB, DWR al. DWR al. CNDDB, DWR USFWS,

Table B-1. fairy name name

shrimp

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

pool pool

shrimp shrimp

Scientific Common fairy Branchinecta lynchi tadpole Lepidurus packardi shrimp Branchinecta longiantenna Conservancy fairy Branchinecta conservatio Longhorn Vernal Vernal

of

to

will under the

the Project

vernal in Project

e

known site of

range

th no restoration likely outside

‐ ; ; the habitat

; is is conditions species’

occur

created Likelihood

post Project range species’ outside site Low pool be None None known the site

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan species? enhances

Restoration conditions No No No

the

likely

is

at

is

b,c Project

site Downs, vernal holes

December

under rved site

(J. the in

no

species’ species’ elderberry

occur

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland exit

site conditions comm.) at is

obse

to the the Project no

Project

of of

range; range pers. surveys

the there were

and

observed

; ; the Project

habitat

current ; Likelihood plants known outside known CDFW, site pool outside None were Low None 2013, during

is

nigra

ft

nectar ssp.

and plant

)

savanna

blue 3,000

adult

food

with oak )

Gutierrezia

association butterweed nudum

); ( Sambucus

buckwheat

B-2

(

habitat

plant

)

douglasii and below

larval

pools include

host

caerulea Habitat

Eriogonum Senecio snakeweed divergens plants buckwheat, ssp. nakedstem ( auriculatum ( with elderberry Grassland interspersed vernal Dunes; habitats Riparian

in

in

Central California

occur

Dunes County in

to the

habitats Sand

County Costa

known

Distribution Solano Only Streamside Contra throughout Antioch Valley

a

State – Status Federal/ FT/– FT/ Critical habitat (Designated) FE/–

et et

Query sources al. USFWS, al. USFWS, CNDDB, DWR CNDDB, DWR USFWS, CNDDB

name name beetle

viridus

June 2014

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION langei beetle

green

Scientific Common Desmocerus californicus dimorphus Elaphrus mormo Valley Delta ground Lange's metalmark butterfly Apodemia elderberry longhorn

to under the

access access

and and

habitat habitat

; ;

in

site

improved improved

restoration ‐ conditions be be

occur Likelihood existing existing

post Project potentially enhanced will to Moderate potentially enhanced will to Moderate

to to

for with with

be be

rearing

rearing and and tidal tidal

and and

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

habitat habitat access access will will

may may

improved improved species?

enhances Restoration conditions increased quantity quality habitat; increased potential sloughs provide adjacent connectivity channels quantity quality Yes; habitat; potential sloughs provide adjacent connectivity channels Yes;

the

site site

at but but

to to

species species b,c

under this this

the the been been

Miner Miner

site occur site access access rearing rearing

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

for for

documented documented

present present

site

conditions

not not to

poor; poor;

is is bee been has has likely likely

Project Project adjacent adjacent

rearing rearing

suitable h) suitable

Project

current ; ; not not n

the the

Likelihood Sloug (from has documented; species Slough) (from documented; Delta species habitat Delta Low habitat at Low has at

in

silty silty

riffle and

bury bury in in

or or 20°C 25°C

have

gravels

(lotic sand

need

feed feed but

spawning

below below streams; with with on

muddy

clean association

and and

nt

B-3 FISH adults

and backwaters backwaters streams

served with edges environments; edges

spawn (ammocoetes) in (ammocoetes)

ob

Habitat sandy sandy permane

been in habitat environments), Spawning gravel Adults stream temperatures or (lentic) larvae themselves stream temperatures stagnant or larvae themselves

the Eel

are

San the lower as

San but

San to

Creek,

California

runs

River, Salmon

major and

system: the Monterey

in

south and

Sonoma

River

to of drain

Bay, far most

rivers; River

Russian Alameda in ‐ Sacramento as

Anna

that

River,

spawning

south

Distribution River Creek, large rare Bay Joaquin Santa Sacramento ocean tributaries Francisco rivers Napa Creek, Joaquin Found Lower

a

State Status Federal/ FSC/– FSC/SSC

al. al.

and and et et

Query sources Resourc es 2012 Wetlan ds Water Wetlan ds Water Resourc es 2012

name name

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 lamprey

lamprey

Scientific Common Entosphenus tridentatus Pacific River Lampetra ayresi

to to under

the

access

an

habitat habitat

d ;

in

and site cess

improved improved

restoration ac ‐

; conditions be be

occur Likelihood existing

post Project to High Moderate will potentially enhanced potentially enhanced will existing

to to

for with with

be

may

and

rearing

and and tidal tidal

and

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

habitat access access will will

quantity habitat;

may

improved improved species? quality

enhances

increased Restoration

conditions increased be quantity quality and habitat habitat; potential spawning rearing sloughs provide potential sloughs provide adjacent connectivity channels adjacent connectivity channels Yes; Yes;

to the

is

at not but

the (from

species ha and b,c Miner

present,

at

Delta access

has

under

is

the Slough)

th site occur Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland rearing

habitat e

documented present

site

conditions

in suitable bitat to

to

adjacent ; poor; stages species

Miner

is been use likely distribution site

unknown;

Project life the

documented suitable

Project

current ; (from not access all

the Likelihood Moderate habitat rearing habitat Project Low at been has poor; Slough) but adjacent site largely for

cool but

Delta use

and swim

water San

forage

in to clean for

large (0–18 in in

with

or more

of rivers low deep; foraging rear flooded

adults

or

documented habitat

ft association

rivers B-4

cobble, habitat salinity

and

Bay bottom

with pools

33

may

surface

bedrock;

been years

in e

and the or rearing

shallow,

th elevation

than ‐ Habitat not two

near Francisco spawning sand, vegetated water moderate ppt); estuaries freshwater Spawn Low has Delta for juveniles less along

Pablo, San

the ‐

Joaquin Klamath San

California of Suisun

San

in

San and and Humboldt

‐

Marsh

Delta, rivers; and

portions Petaluma,

including Sacramento

Suisun

Francisco,

Distribution Sacramento rivers Joaquin bays; Bay, Suisun, San Delta Sacramento Joaquin Lower Napa, Sacramento

a

State Status Federal/ FT/SSC Critical habitat (Designated) –/SSC

et et

Query sources al. USFWS, DWR al. CNDDB, DWR

name name

DPS

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

American sturgeon:

Scientific Common Acipenser medirostris North green southern Sacramento splittail Pogonichthys macrolepidotus

to under the

access access

and and

habitat habitat

; ;

in

site

improved improved

restoration ‐ conditions be be

occur Likelihood existing existing

post Project will potentially enhanced to Moderate will potentially enhanced to Moderate

to to

for with with

may may

and stages; habitat

Miner Miner

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan

access access quantity quantity habitat; will will

life improved improved species? quality quality

enhances

all increased increased

Restoration

conditions be and habitat for be potential provide adjacent Slough connectivity and habitat Yes; potential spawning rearing provide connectivity adjacent Slough Yes;

the and and

in in

life is at

the

not

Project b,c all 2014); 2014); pers. pers.

at

for the

Poirier Poirier movement movement under

has for

the been

rearing (P. (P. occur for for

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

at DFW, DFW, suitability suitability site conditions

not to

January January and

umented prese poor poor species habitat

16 16

has suitability site.

is is is Slough Slough

nt;

doc habitat habitat Project

the current

; site site Rockriver, Rockriver,

Likelihood been low; stages spawning habitat suitable comm., comm., A. A. to to Miner Miner Low; site. Low documented species Project

2

‐

into

spawn

spawn;

water

ppt

to

mixing around ppt; ltwater

bays, nearshore is

migrate sa

18 the d brackish

association

15–30

rivers interface) of

B-5

brackish to an of or

large of

areas; up

in salinity

(zone

Habitat

shallow

in zone estuaries, upstream Adults Estuarine waters salinities ppt freshwater coastal freshwater where

in

far

bays;

River in and as

the

Medford Joaquin Napa

including

South California Eel

First

or of

the

estuary

in Montezuma as

Klamath Delta

San

and

‐ Goodyear, Pablo, in

Delta Bay, Francisco

populations Vista and the and including

Cutoff, San

Bay, only the

in San

reaches

estuary Rio

concentrated

Francisco

Distribution River estuary, sloughs Mallard, historical Humboldt Suisun, North Suisun Suisun, Bay; rivers; downstream Sacramento Estuary, Sacramento lower Found Island San from

a

State Status Federal/ FT/SE, Critical habitat (Designated) FPT/ST

et et

Query sources al. al. USFWS, CNDDB, DWR DWR

name name

Smelt IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

Smelt

Scientific Common transpacificus Hypomesus Delta Longfin Spirnichus thaleichthys

to to to under

the

habitat habitat

in

and and site

improved improved

restoration access access ‐

; ; conditions be be

occur Likelihood post Project potentially enhanced will existing potentially enhanced will High existing High

s

for with with

may may will will

acces Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan access

quantity quantity habitat; habitat;

improved improved species? quality quality

enhances

increased increased Restoration potential potential

conditions adjacent waterways improve connectivity Yes; be be and habitat rearing and habitat adjacent waterways improve to connectivity rearing Yes; to

the

is is

at not not

the

the

b,c at at

but but has has

(from (from under

Slough) Slough)

occur rearing Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland rearing

site conditions

to

species species present present habitat habitat

umented Miner Miner

is is site site

to to the the doc documented suitable suitable

Project

current Likelihood been poor; Project been access adjacent poor; habitat Low; access adjacent habitat Low; Project

of

in

one

Yolo

to

the

gravel; and with

grow for

to

gravel

ocean; for and

typically reaches

months

before adequate and

mature e

the elevation size association

including bypass habitats ‐ clean

similar ten

B-6

river e streams

to migrate and

water

spawning feed

and to

years stuary

mid documented habitat;

and

Yolo freshwater to

and Delta

to sexually cool water, five in in

‐ Habitat river

more

appropriat the cold rear other rivers available rear Low with species Mainstem migrating until or ocean habitats); rear bypass spawning rearing (potentially

‐

its its

and

Big

San

and and rivers) Mill,

the

and California

Pablo

in and

Yuba River River

Delta;

Sacramento

(Deer, San

Battle,

Butte,

and

bays

creeks Joaquin

Distribution Feather Suisun Chico Beegum, Francisco, Antelope, tributaries tributaries; San Sacramento Sacramento

a

State Status Federal/ FT/ST Critical habitat (Designated) FE/SE Critical habitat (Designated)

et et

Query sources al. al. DWR DWR USFWS, USFWS,

‐

‐

name name

central

June 2014

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION spring

winter

ESU ESU

Scientific Common Valley Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Oncorhynchus tshawytscha run run Chinook salmon, Chinook salmon, Sacramento River

of to

under the

access

rearing and

Project habitat

;

in

site for

range

improved;

the Delta

restoration outside

‐ ; is of conditions be species'

occur

Likelihood existing

uncertain

post Project is habitat known use the will potentially enhanced site None to Moderate

s

for with

may will

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan acces

quantity habitat;

improved species? quality

enhances

increased

Restoration potential

conditions adjacent waterways improve connectivity Yes; No be and habitat rearing to

to the

is

at

but

species and b,c

site Delta access

habitat

under

the

Miner

species' the site occur

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland rearing

documented present

site conditions

in to the Project poor;

rearing

is of been use likely distribution

range unknown;

the

Project adjacent

; suitable Project

current not

the Likelihood at has known potential Slough) (from outside largely None habitat rearing habitat Low;

of

one

rearing

with

for uses

low ‐

gravel for

ocea for slow ‐

typically

with

suitable moving overhanging meadows, before

with Delta

or

summer

and

the size association n; including clean pools;

of

B-7

streams and

and wet to

still

slow and

uplands

years

water habitat; reaches in

lakes, unknown

freshwater

and

AMPHIBIANS ,

water, in

Habitat more

migrating or ponds rear wetlands, rearing vegetation, emergent moving spawning, Breeds appropriate dispersal retreat cold stream permanent adjacent Rivers gradient, largely prevalence

to the

Kern to

their

the to on

San

California in

south

and

from in

and

County

possibly

rivers restricted drainages coast

and foothills

California; Distribution counties Baja Sierra Tulare tributaries Mendocino central Joaquin coastal Largely Sacramento

a

State Status Federal/ FT/SSC Critical habitat (Designated) FT/– Critical habitat (Designated)

et

Query sources USFWS al. USFWS, DWR

‐

red name name

June 2014

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION Valley

frog

draytonii

Scientific Common Rana Central Steelhead, DPS Oncorhynchus mykiss California legged

will

of to

will under

the

Project

suitable in

and site

habitat range

habitat

the no restoration

outside

suitable

‐ ; ;

; is conditions species’

occur

created enhanced Likelihood

post Project known the be upland site None None present be marsh High

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan marshes species?

enhances

Restoration conditions No No enhanced Yes,

‐

the

is

is

non and at the

habitat sighted

b,c

at the site suitable there the

under

at levees at aquatic no

species’

occur

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland suitable and

site conditions is nesting

is habitat

to dry

the Project

commonly e

on of ere present site site site; habitat

range

th there Delta

th

; ;

Project perennial current ;

suitable

the

Likelihood None High Project Project upland no in uplands; None present tidal habitat Project known outside

of

parts sites that

and desert

nearby

areas habitats

vernal

in moving water

warm,

mammal for

savannah, ds moving

basking

chaparral, open

washes,

soil nesting

slow ‐ association

woodland

ponds, B-8 oak

bree

slow ‐ woodlands, for of vegetated

brackish

REPTILES subterranean

terraces; (typically

loose sandy dunes, or

or oak

available

‐ adjacent Habitat

forest edges streams

burrowing moist, burrows); stream or pine scrub, and beach with Sparsely provide refuge Permanent, fresh Grassland, or of pools, temporary

to

the

and

the

the along

County border

of foothills

Costa Desert

Barbara

in

Nevada

ranges California

along

Sonoma San

Central

Baja

Sierras to

in border,

in

and crest

Sierra scattered the

Santa

coast

Contra from and Oregon Sierra County

Mojave in Valley,

the

south to

and

the the

Sacramento of

fragmented;

Mexican coast

Tulare

Distribution western mountains, to from Cascades southern Valley west County, the California; occurrences Joaquin along County northwestern County the Very From Northern

a

State Status Federal/ –/SSC –/SSC FT/ST Critical habitat (Designated)

et et

Query sources al. DWR CNDDB CNDDB, al. USFWS, CNDDB, DWR

tiger name name

pond

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

lizard

Scientific Common pulchra Anniella Actinemys marmorata turtle legless California salamander Western California Ambystoma californiense

this to

in any

will

under

the

Valley habitat

habitat have if

Delta

;

suitable, rarely in

and site is

few the historic ntral

restoration detected ‐ while

; conditions Ce

occur enhanced, Likelihood

post Project the documented species present be Low within individuals been range, within condition Moderate

and

for

and

levees

habitat Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan habitat; habitat)

water

marshes marshes species?

enhances Restoration conditions foraging enhanced, improving potential breeding open Yes, provide overwinter habitat retained enhanced, improving foraging (historic Yes,

the

from at not

the

b,c in 2009 prefer

at

provide

habitat; was

under in freshwater

provide emergent

intensive

foraging suitable nesting

data), and

t; retreat

nt occur

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland is

site conditions

levees for may

to wetland

species during

surveys

breeding

Valley, presen there and site

upland unpubl. provides

lakes documented

permane this Project

current ; ; Likelihood habitat though (DWR, trapping Low detected Low larger Central rarely flooding winter suitable habitat emergent Project marsh

in

and

and

rice base

stands

water;

large, with

habitats

spp.) and and found

prey

low ‐

flooding on

grassy water

a

open basking dense

ground is

of also and

association

emergent

; marsh rest

for B-9 Typha

emergent

from (

BIRDS

ditches with

streams canals, Schoenoplectus high deep, fish

(

and winter there requires

and

of of

bodies interspersed

Habitat small cattails

amphibians of freshwater where deep gradient protected Sloughs, areas during forage vegetation areas banks bulrush spp.) fields; of wetlands irrigation Freshwater

from

the Fresno

Valley, breeds

and in near

California

Fresno County; from

to in

of

Central Burrel

desert coasts, extirpated

resident; Butte

Valley north of

in south

been

northeastern

Distribution areas has Chico County vicinity Central southern southern Summer California, in

a

State Status Federal/ FT/ST –/SSC

et et

Query sources al. USFWS, CNDDB, DWR DWR al.

name name

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

garter

Scientific Common snake Thamnophis gigas americana Aythya Giant Redhead

this to

will will under

the the

habitat

; rarely

in in

forest and and site habitat is

habitat restoration

suitable ‐ while

; ; conditions occur enhanced, enhanced Likelihood

post Project detected Delta species present be present be marsh Low High enhanced nesting riparian Moderate

and

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan enhanced

nesting

water

marshes marshes riparian species?

enhances Restoration conditions enhanced enhanced open Yes, Yes, forest habitat Yes,

the the

in the at

the in

b,c Project at nesting at

habitat, rare

freshwater under and

DWR, use provide

nest

the

is

foraging occur trees Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

rsh

at ding site conditions and

and

may may to for

ma wetland ;

umented bree data)

species site site, doc riparian permanent

Project

current ; foraging ; (CNDDB

Likelihood High emergent suitable Project Project emergent Low large Moderate unpubl. Delta site though and grasslands

or

water rivers

areas;

and

roosts

open

in

brackish

open and woody

along

open

dense near

also of

association

or and

meadows,

and interspersed

semiaquatic B-10

with

with grasslands but area

trees or

forages,

in fields

clumps

Habitat lakes, wetlands

grain grasslands, or in Nests, vegetation marshes aquatic vegetation with foraging Freshwater nests Lowland wetlands

to

in

Nevada

largely inland Head in coasts,

California all County the

Central lowlands

deserts

California,

in the

California Sierra resident; resident;

nests

and summer

in

deserts

throughout

a of breeds

Norte

Bodega

nearly

County,

the Coast,

southern coastal

in

to

County

Del of

round round

‐ ‐ southern

Distribution Napa Sonoma south from within and northwest, mountains southeast Year Valley, scattered California; lowlands west Primarily resident; northeastern Central found Year

a

State Status Federal/ –/SSC –/SSC –/SFP

et et et

Query sources al. DWR al. DWR al. CNDDB, DWR

name name

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 leucurus tailed

cyaneus ‐ bittern

Scientific Common Least Ixobrychus White Northern Circus exilis harrier kite Elanus

to

will under

the

suitable in

forest and site ha habitat

bitat created no

restoration

suitable ‐

; conditions be

occur enhanced Likelihood

post Project nesting None; present be nesting riparian High will

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan enhanced

nesting

riparian species?

enhances

Restoration conditions No forest habitat Yes,

at

the and

at

b,c

Project nesting

umented habitats under

(CNDDB

data) occur

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland doc near

site conditions

site to

or forest

suitable

on

no unpubl.

nesting

;

Project current ; Project

riparian

Likelihood site habitat None High DWR, the in

in

oak flats;

or

fields

near

forages and

or

cliffs

grain in or

association

grasslands, irrigated

sagebrush B-11

and

steep oaks

habitats;

in woodlands on trees

Habitat large nests chaparral, savannahs, grasslands, pastures, Open riparian cottonwoods Nests

and

Davis

the

Butte

breeds

Central

Yolo California near and

nesting

of

in migrant

valleys, permanent California,

occur resident;

Basin, and Sacramento

highest center

Woodland, Joaquin

lower

Distribution Valley and throughout except County resident densities Uncommon Valley; Klamath Summer in San

a

State Status Federal/ BGEPA/SFP –/ST

et et

Query sources al. DWR al. CNDDB, DWR

name name

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 eagle

Scientific Common Aquila chrysaetos Swainson’s hawk Buteo swainsoni Golden

the

an

to under the

tidal

and ;

may in

known

site

outside restoration

‐ ; conditions occur Likelihood post Project range species’ encourage breeding introduced influence None marshes enhanced Moderate

a

for

nce and

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan influe marshes species?

enhances

Restoration conditions tidal enhanced Yes, No introduced

the

or

at

b,c likely species’

under

are the

occur Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland brackish

site conditions

to range

outside habitats

; suitable Project

current ; Likelihood absent saline Low known None

to

of

at

during and

to

or

) be lrush

Spartina water high (

spp.),

bu typically birds

tides

spp.); can

pickleweed

spp.), saline

necessary influenced

Salicornia association ‐ (

proportion by grass

with virginica

mean

vegetation high

also B-12

typically

with water, brackish );

nesting Juncus Typha

( cord water high ( )

tidally

a

above and Habitat

Salicornia Schoenoplectus ( Pacific dominated marshes, extremely Salt associated protect with virginica higher Large marshes brackish pickleweed and peripheral rushes ( cattail foliosa

San

San North

South

area the bays),

Joaquin

California Sierra Island San in

Bay, Bay, Francisco

in

San throughout ‐ the the

Marsh and recent Suisun

estuary: San in

(primarily of

foothills

Browns

and Bay, and

to

area Francisco Francisco Suisun

Distribution east sightings Nevada sporadically the Delta, Sacramento Pablo Pablo San Bay San Francisco Northern Predominantly marshes

a

SFP

SFP

State Status Federal/ –/ST, FE/SE,

et et

Query sources al. DWR CNDDB, al. USFWS, DWR

black name name

rail IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

Scientific Common clapper California rail Laterallus jamaicenis coturniculus California Rallus longirostris obsoletus

to

edge

under the

habitat habitat suitable suitable in

the Project

site

range created created

no no

species’ restoration on

‐ ; ; the

; is conditions be be

occur Likelihood the

post Project known of estuarine will site grassland will None Low None

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan species? enhances

Restoration conditions No No No

at at the

on

at is

b,c habitats

potential habitat habitat

site

under

species’

low occur

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

site conditions

freshwater the site site

to

wetland Project suitable suitable

in

of

range;

no no ge the

; ; Project current (wintering/foraging

ed Project Project

forage

Likelihood the only); Low the emergent the to None None known

or high

near

or

rice

barley,

coastal bodies in grain

needed; short

above

fields

sparse plowed plains

arby estuaries not

association

ne

stubble,

with

planted

harvested very B-13

grain

freshwater open

are vegetated newly and

in

waters,

or

hills occasionally corn

use line newly

Habitat

water

vegetation; grasses rolling Occupies marshes managed fields; fields, and Forages shallow tide sprouting beaches Sparsely may of

the

in

Luis

Kern,

south San

Diego

extreme

counties San

along

Central

California of

found

in Barbara,

and

of

California

San

in

from

Baja

the Valley

to parts in

Riverside, and

scattered

parts Santa Angeles County,

visitor visitor; breeds

coast

in

Los Central

Yuba

Distribution and Imperial, counties; Ventura, Obispo, northeastern Valley; coast migrant; locations Winter of Francisco California the Winter Pacific

a

SFP

SFP

State Status Federal/ –/ST, FPT/SSC FE/SE,

et et et

Query sources al. DWR al. DWR CNDDB, al. USFWS, DWR

least

name name

crane

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

Scientific Common Grus canadensis tabida tern Greater sandhill Mountain plover Charadrius montanus California Sternula antillarum browni

be

the this

to

will under be in

the

but

marsh

habitat

still

the

;

in to

habitat

and in site is will vicinity site

will

restoration ‐ while grassland

; ; conditions occur enhanced, Likelihood

post Project foraging enhanced Project Moderate uncommon species present be Low limited present Project extent habitat continue Low

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan habitat

enhanced

nesting

marsh riparian species?

enhances

Restoration conditions enhanced foraging Yes, forest habitat Yes, No

in

the

in

at

site

the b,c available habitat

upland

Project in

and under

potential primarily and

forage

low western

limited ging

occur nesting

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland the

a

at

Project

site conditions

low

freshwater may is to of at limited

suitable

fora of

marsh ;

levees

sites

to of

or

very vicinity; habitats,

dry

there uncommon Project

current ; ; due nesting

grasslands

Likelihood nesting amount breeding site Low for winter; probability upland Project emergent permanent Low perimeter in uplands Moderate along

or n

valley

riparian grain

salt of ope

heavily

grasslands, available scrubby or

clearings

in

stature rshlands

and

desert dry, association

desert

ma

with

with B-14 or low ‐

nests alfalfa dense, resident

and or

ungrazed open,

low, Habitat

pastures,

freshwater old fields, Irrigated vegetation burrows grassland habitats; grazed Level, Summer foothill vegetation and woodland

in a

and

in

the

in

Kern River

and

along Yuba,

of

and portions

Los California primarily

Fork rare breeding Valley,

Valley, deserts, plateau,

Imperial in

Sierra winter populations Butte,

much resident resident

Bernardino,

Inyo, episodic coastline limited

in

and found

South foothills,

areas;

areas; in San

Sacramento Central small Central coast the

round round nest ‐ ‐ the

western

the the

Distribution along the Nevada south in counties Angeles, migrant, widespread Riverside, California coastal Sutter, northeastern southeastern River; may Year Year throughout certain state; and Breeds of

a

State Status Federal/ –/SSC –/SSC FC/SE

et et et

Query sources al. al. CNDDB, DWR DWR al. CNDDB, DWR

owl

name name

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 billed

‐ eared ‐ flammeus

Scientific Common Athene cunicularia hypugaea Western Western Short yellow burrowing owl Asio Coccyzus cuckoo americanus

;

is a to

in

under is the

be

limi while but

in

habitat species be

there site be

recovering

present will

Moderate

nesting Central restoration

optimism

‐ riparian

nced;

be to the migrant will

; species

conditions still ted Project

occur

Likelihood the

post Project enha and habitat will enhanced, foraging Low forest habitat Low in Valley may that some vicinity, the rare this

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan enhanced enhanced

nesting nesting

riparian riparian species?

enhances Restoration conditions forest habitat Yes, forest habitat Yes,

at

a

the

is

Area

be at

males recent

site, b,c Project

nesting habitat marginal

National

of

isolated

under Central

is and

could optimism

species the in

Wildlife

is

occur

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

singing the in site conditions

River

Project

recent

to this

in nest

restored

habitat species Refuge, there

the

suitability

Bypass one in e

at while may Project

current th migrant ; ; Joaquin

Yolo

Likelihood that vicinity, rare in documented Wildlife though foraging Low San trees record Low Valley; increasing

or

bare

or

some hing;

dense,

fences,

areas; in

or short

isolated

perc and/or

vegetative

willow shrubs in

association for in

trees, with and hunting;

B-15 canopy

forages nest riparian dense

large

for

lines

in of shrubland nests or

Habitat shrubs,

power tall ground stratified vegetation mulefat; Open woodlands often cover trees Nests typically

in breeds

except

Sierra

coastal California

high Transverse

the in

locations

resident

of

the

and resident;

southern

California

southern

forested

and of

round

‐ the

scattered

Distribution Ranges Nevada, Cascade, elevations California slope in around Summer for Year most

a

State Status Federal/ FE/SE –/SSC

et et

Query sources al. DWR DWR al.

name name

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

bellii Bell’s

Scientific Common vireo Vireo pusillus Loggerhead Lanius ludovicianus Least shrike

to

under the

be be

suitable

in

site bank will will

no nesting restoration

riparian ‐ ;

; conditions occur Likelihood post Project enhanced created forest habitat vertical habitat High None

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan enhanced

nesting

riparian species?

enhances

Restoration conditions forest habitat No Yes,

‐

the

at of

the

site

b,c Project scrub

the during

vertical

under unknown)

breeding

the

data); occur

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland outside 2008)

at

site conditions Pr

is to riparian

status suitable

the in oject current

considered site

unpubl. no

at (Heath

documented

is ; habitat

Project

current ; Likelihood shrub summer High site bank range species’ None what (DWR, Project (breeding

to

to

or or

sandy close

soil

bluffs or

deciduous adjacent

the

streams

association

sand

B-16 vertical of woodland

along where usually

canopy, in

meadows Habitat

wet water, riparian ‐ Open consists loam water, banks, Nests

in

and Range

except and occurs nests

Feather

the plains

California Francisco

the

the in

near Colorado Central Sierras,

San Cascade in Tehama

Lassen, American

Sacramento Monterey

Sacramento

small Siskiyou

resident; resident;

along the California, and

to to

the

high

and

the y from from of of

of lower

Modoc,

Distribution Count coast populations counties; northern in east deserts Mojave and rivers; Valley, most County, County most County along River Summer Summer

a

State Status Federal/ –/ST –/SSC

et

Query sources al. DWR CNDDB, DWR, unpub. data

name name

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 riparia warbler

swallow

Scientific Common Bank Riparia Yellow Dendroica petechia

be

the

will

to

under be the

but

still the

in range to

known in site

will site

will

outside habitat

restoration

riparian ‐ ; grassland

; ; conditions occur enhanced Likelihood

post Project forest be breeding High species’ None limited present Project extent habitat continue Low

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan enhanced

nesting

riparian species?

enhances

Restoration conditions forest habitat Yes, No No

the

in

is e at

th b,c

during southern species’

site

unpubl. grassland

range of under

range

Island is

represent

status

species’

in the

the riparian

occur Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

site conditions at area

the to

(DWR, what Project nest

2008)

which using

of breeding site

breeding Prospect

outside small the

shrub

documented (breeding ; ‐ may

Project

a current ; of

;

09 Likelihood 20 only habitats, end scrub Low summer (Comrack High current known considered None outside data); unknown) Project

salt

shrub

and

riparian canopy

upland

riparian scattered in

dense

a

open near

association

open

marsh, with

B-17 an

found marsh, with

often

successional and

‐ Habitat grasslands shrubs Typically moderately Early habitats layer habitats marsh woodland/swamp, freshwater Brackish

in

to in

in

and

and nests region

and

south,

California

Sierra

axis Bay deserts,

in

migrant

Trinity,

summer

Cascade–

the

County

resident; and of counties

the California

Nevada

of

Diego Francisco

Distribution San southeastern foothills Nevada Sierra coastal west Tehama Mendocino, resident San Uncommon Summer

a

State Status Federal/ –/SSC –/SSC –/SSC

et et et

Query sources al. al. al. DWR DWR DWR CNDDB, CNDDB,

name name

chat

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014 sinuosa virens

Scientific Common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Icteria Ammodramus savannarum Saltmarsh common Yellow ‐ breasted Grasshopper sparrow

is

the

the

th to

will itat under

in the

habitat

in

hab known

and site

and is vicinity

outside restoration

marsh

‐ ; while

; ; conditions occur enhanced, Likelihood

post Project present be foraging nesting Low High range species’ None Project enhanced uncommon species

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan habitat

and

marsh species?

enhances

Restoration conditions No enhanced nesting foraging Yes, No

the in

site

site

at

open b,c

species’

breeding (DWR,

under

Project foraging

common Project

the

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland occur

suitable

site conditions uncommon surveys,

the vicinity; emergent to permanent the

nesting habitat,

are at data)

range

2009

outside

provides

sightings

; while

Project

provide current ;

; Project

Likelihood habitat water colonies the unpubl. breeding including freshwater wetland may during throughout High known Low None

with

and

nesting suitable

nesting willow

a prey

space

marshes

accessible riparian

and association

fields; thorny

B-18 freshwater insect (

riparian

including water

and grasslands protected

‐ or

open

components foraging

a

in

Habitat substrate water, agriculture habitat include Feeds forests adequate nearby thickets, Brackish vegetation), flooded Emergent marshes,

of

but

from Valley

Bay

locally and

in south

California

areas portion in

Central Suisun resident; Valley resident,

both

season of

County

common

extensive coastal

central

‐ round ‐ in Central

Distribution Sonoma throughout and Resident winter; the Year north Permanent migrations makes breeding

a

State Status Federal/ –/SSC –/SSC –/SSC

et et et

Query sources CNDDB, al. DWR al. al. DWR CNDDB, DWR

name name

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

song

sparrow

Scientific Common maxillaris melodia sparrow Melospiza Melospiza melodia Agelaius tricolor population) blackbird Song (“Modesto” Suisun Tricolored

the

the

this to

will under in the

ha

own in

kn and site

is vicinity

outside restoration

; ‐ while bitat

conditions occur enhanced, Likelihood

post Project species’ None Low; Project uncommon species present be range

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan species? enhances

Restoration conditions No No

the

site

at

Project

b,c species’ marsh

habitat breeding

under

the

Project the

occur Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland in

suitable site conditions

emergent to permanent the

habitat, foraging

at

emergent

range

outside

; while Project

provide current

uncommon

Likelihood provides known vicinity; None is breeding freshwater wetland may Low;

and

in

or

and

nests )

depend

forage

spp. and preferring

water spp.); moderately

entirely with

vegetation,

saltgrass

grasslands in Salicornia association

(

B-19 deep

cover, marshes;

and

Typha bulrush ) ( almost

MAMMALS

wetlands vegetation;

marshes salt as

Habitat typically emergent

dense

Schoenoplectus ( such pickleweed pacifica tall on relatively Tidal open croplands surrounding Breeds within dense are cattails

in and

and in

and though

Napa, Clara,

California

Valley, Costa,

remain

bays California,

in

southern southern counties

migrant

Suisun,

Santa a

resident,

Contra Central and and

Sonoma,

numbers

Pablo, Mateo Francisco

Distribution San deserts Alameda, coasts, Solano, northeastern central Marin, winter; San small San summer Primarily

a

SFP

State Status Federal/ FE/SE, –/SSC

et

Query sources USFWS, CNDDB al. CNDDB, DWR

name name

mouse IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION June 2014

headed marsh

raviventris

Scientific Common Reithrodontom ys harvest Yellow ‐ Salt blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus

to

d under the

be

habitat habi suitable suitable

in

tat

site will

create created no no

roosting restoration

riparian ‐ ; ;

nced ; conditions be be

occur Likelihood post Project enha will forest habitat grassland High None grassland None will

for

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan enhanced

roosting

riparian species?

enhances

Restoration conditions forest habitat No Yes, No

at at the

at

forest

b,c including habitat habitat

under

monitoring habitat

unpubl.

occur site,

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland detected

site conditions

riparian site site to

roosts suitable suitable

(DWR,

acoustic no no Project

roosting

species ; ;

Project current ; Project Project

the 2009

Likelihood the maternity the throughout data); at None in None during High

open

and

or and

by with

shrubs, woodlands

fields

association

fields, open

B-20 brush,

forests,

grasslands

soils meadows

dominated

streams,

scrub Habitat

alpine friable Shrubland, grasslands, scattered and orchards Annual areas near Riparian

the floor of

the

Del

foothills

Coast, state California

and of and

ranges, and

humid

in

Valley the

portion mountains County

the Pacific

Valley, forests

in

coastal Nevada, Nevada County

the

surrounding Joaquin

the

Distribution Humboldt northwest and of Sierra Tehachapi Norte coastal San Sierra Throughout Central except Near

a

State Status Federal/ FE/ST/BLMS –/SSC –/SSC

et

Query sources CNDDB USFWS al. CNDDB, DWR

kit

name name

red

taxus

June 2014

IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION macrotis

Joaquin

Scientific Common mutica fox Vulpes Western blossevillii San American bat Lasiurus badger Taxidea

;

and

to

under

the

could

occur

the

for the

in at to

site of

Moderate

restoration ‐ is common.

to

conditions occur occur species Likelihood restoration are

pathways, to post sightings Project occurrence increase habitat connectivity increases, likelihood as Low ion the habitat

believed

migratory

is

for

suitable on chance for or Project reg to documented

Draft Restoration Plan Draft Restoration Plan the habitat based

area; occurs access riparian species?

enhances Restoration or reasonable conditions occur forest enhanced Yes, species in project

habitat site

also a

the the

is in of in

stages to

the

Project little

lack at Act life

Act e ther the a Project species and suitable

b,c

occur very

is

quantity

other

sightings ;

under more area;

the or this Species to or

Species

site. may occur at

Prospect Island Tidal Wetland Restoration Project Prospect Island Tidal Wetland

site conditions there

one to

project overlap with quality about

for areas trees to Project

Moderate the likely/frequent,

low re

in Endangered Endangered Project the current to though

and documented at

very nia connectivity this

known

unlikely

of likelihood Likelihood in is Low riparian of site, riparian gion; occurs is reasonably California Califor

quality,

area. is

Concern stages is the the high

habitat

documented with

life shrub of reasonable

project species habitat is a Special under under is the more of and

required habitat req middle area, or

riparian

frequently suitable there from to Protected association or

one to

Species association forest

B-21

species’ uired species’ of project

Endangered Threatened low

in of Fully

lacking

as as the the access areas is stages are

if any, but site. in Habitat and the California CDFW

pathway life site,

Listed Listed = = rare, re = = and/or elevations habitats, rocky habitats Mixture area Project be occurs SFP SE SSC State ST

mo

Project area, the or may

migratory at project the required habitat habitat

or

the

project and one stage with

oject site

California with the

species’ Sierra site required Pr northern

in

not its

in the

the distribution overlaps and

but

at species/life

Project foothills overlaps greatest

distributed,

Act and/or region. Act and/or the the known stage site. region at pathway of

range area the life

Distribution range California Nevada though abundance Widely Project but

Project project site: more the project site elevation migratory

known in the or the

site:

a

occurrences or or the at stages occurs Project one in with

Endangered Species Project life of Endangered Species Project the species’ State sightings Status habitat Federal/ the at the the rare, if any. more

at –/SFP overlaps federal at distribution

distribution

federal docu or are occur

mented no the documented

the suitable occur

occurrences one occur outside range

known

known to

are is documented for been region may al. under under of Query Concern area sources has Zeiner et 1990b known species to

species

there of species’ species’

habitat species to Project habitat

documented The The wildlife project

the fish species

frequency

species’ endangered Species threatened

site; candidate name name

for

for the on as as The Suitable the Suitable June 2014 IN-PROGRESS DRAFT IN-PROGRESS NOT FOR CIRCULATION raptor

Federal

based High: None: Low: species in Moderate: distribution, and access Low: poor/infrequent; High: Moderate: Project Federal Listed Listed

=

    =    = = Likelihood Status codes: Likelihood a Federal FSC b c FT FC FE Scientific Common ringtail Bassariscus California astutus