DOCSLIB.ORG

Insects of Zoysiagrass Caterpillars Pest Moths

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Insects of Zoysiagrass Caterpillars Pest Moths Insects of Zoysiagrass Grass Thatc h J. Bryan Unruh, Ph.D. Adapted from Soil Common Turf Arthropod Pests Eileen A. Buss, Ph.D. Arthropod Pest Complex in Caterpillars Florida Turf Fall Armyworm Striped Grass Leaf/Surface Feeders Root Feeders Looper Caterpillars Mole crickets Greenbug aphids White grubs Red imported fire ants Ground pearls Stem/Crown Feeders Southern chinch bugs Twolined spittlebugs Billbugs Mites Tropical Sod Webworm Fall Armyworm Striped Grass Looper Pest Moths Tropical sod Fall armyworm Striped grass webworm looper Wingspan: ½ to 1” ~ 1 ½” 1 ½” 1 Caterpillar IPM Cultural Control: Avoid excessive turf fertilization, especially in late summer Mow at low height and destroy clippings to remove any eggs Biological Control: Various natural enemies (stink bugs, spiders, ants, birds, other animals) may help suppress caterpillars Chemical Control: Many broadspectrum insecticides are available and effective. Try more selective products like B.t. or Conserve (spinosad) first, if possible Twolined Spittlebug Twolined Spittlebug IPM (Prosapia bicincta) Cultural Control: Feeds on many Avoid conditions that favor thatch buildbuild-- grasses, weeds, & up ornamentals Biological Control: No nymphal natural enemies; adults are Suck plant juices attacked by birds, spiders, assassin bugs, and a fungus Nymphs in spittle-spittle- Chemical Control: masses Few insecticides are effective Use enough water volume to penetrate 2 generations/year L. Williams thatch Billbugs (Sphenophorus spp.) Billbug IPM Cultural Control: Keep turf fertilized and moist to survive damage Gray to black weevils Dethatch to reduce habitat Larvae are legless Biological Control: Entomopathogenic nematodes kill larvae and Hunting billbug has a Y- adults shaped area on pronotum Chemical Control: with a parenthesis-parenthesis-likelike Preventive insecticides used against grubs marking on each side should work, but have been less effective in Florida, possibly because of poor timing Possibly 2+ generations Curative insecticides have had variable efficacy each year in Florida 2 Zoysiagrass Mite Mite IPM (Eriophyes zoysiae) Cultural Control: Eriophyid mite Keep grass properly fertilized and irrigated Hosts: Zoysia spp. Scalp turf & destroy clippings Infests unexpp,anded leaves, Biological Control: leaf sheaths, collars, seed Natural enemies have not been studied L. J. Buss heads Chemical Control: Cultivar ‘Emerald’ is resistant, but ‘Belair’, Miticides Meyer’, and ‘El Toro’ are Use enough spray volume to penetrate susceptible thatch L. J. Buss Tawny Mole Cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus) Feed on roots at night Tawny mole cricket Adult males call females for 1 hr after sunset EliMhEgg laying: March – June Females make 33--55 egg Southern mole cricket chambers, each with ~40 eggs Eggs hatch in ~3 weeks Nymphs feed through summer, most are adults by October Shortwinged mole cricket Southern Mole Cricket Shortwinged Mole Cricket (Scapteriscus borellii) (Scapteriscus abbreviatus) Omnivorous Eat turfgrass roots Adult males call females Adults cannot fly for 1 hr after sunset Look like southern mole Egg laying: May ––JulyJuly crickets Eggs hatch in ~3~3--44 Males chirp at rather weeks than call for females Nymphs develop slowly; most overwinter as Most nymphs become nymphs adults by fall 3 IPM Program for Mole Crickets Chemical Control Monitoring and correct identification Preventive: Cultural controls Treat young nymphs in May/June, Avoid using lights at dusk/early night soon after egg hatch Many contact insecticides available Host plant resistance Curative: Biological control Treat after damage occurs, usually Larra bicolor, Ormia depleta, insectinsect--parasiticparasitic nematodes summer, fall, or spring Baits Spot treatments Scarab Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Dung beetles and plantplant--feedersfeeders 1400 North American species Scarabs vary in size, color, and habits, but adults can be recognized by their 33--segmented,segmented, clubbed antennae Larvae molt 3 times (have 3 instars) EGG LARVA PUPA ADULT Masked Chafers May/June Beetles (Phyllophaga spp.) Cyclocephala spp. 54 species in Florida Some of the most abundant ¾ P. bruneri, P. latifrons, P. quercus, and damaging grubs in U.S. P. uniformis 6 species in Florida: 1-3 year life cycle in U.S.; 1-2 C. borealis, C. lurida, C. miamiensis, generations/year in Florida C. parallela, C. puberula, C. seditiosa Adults are dark brown, often Adults are tan and about 5/8 hairy, and less than 1 inch long inches long. Mature grubs are ca. 1 inch long. Hosts: Grubs feed on roots of most grasses, pine seedlings. Hosts: Grubs feed on all warmwarm-- Lyle Buss, Univ. of FL Adults feed on tree leaves. Lyle Buss, Univ. of FL season grasses. Adults don’t eat. 4 Green June Beetle IPM Program for White Grubs (Cotinis nitida) Identify your pest species or genus Determine how many grubs/sq. ft. are 1 year life cycle damaging Grubs feed on organic Cultural controls Lyle Buss, Univ. of FL matter, often where organic Soil moisture, soil organic matter, lights, fertilizers are used overseed with endophytic ryegrass Biological control Adults feed on overover--riperipe fruit in August in north Florida Wasps, nematodes, pathogens, animals Chemical control Grubs walk on their back Know when adult beetles fly; apply preventives during egg lay/hatch Insecticide Costs OPTION RATE PRICE / 1,000 FT2 Azatrol 1.3 oz/1,000 $2.03 Conserve SC 1.2 oz/1,000 $3.36 DeltaGard SC 0.4 oz/1,000 $0.56 Dylox 80 3.75 oz/1,000 $3.54 Mach 2 1.5 oz/1000 $1.27 Merit 0.15 oz/1,000 $2.58 Orthene TT&O 0.9 oz/1,000 $0.80 Sevin SL 3.0 oz/1,000 $0.80 Talstar One 0.25 oz/1,000 $0.25 5.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diptera: Tachinidae) Larvae
    Welch: Competition by Ormia depleta 497 INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES BY ORMIA DEPLETA (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) LARVAE C. H. WELCH USDA/ARS/cmave, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 ABSTRACT Ormia depleta is a parasitoid of pest mole crickets in the southeastern United States. From 2 to 8 larvae of O. depleta were placed on each of 368 mole cricket hosts and allowed to de- velop. The weights of the host crickets, number of larvae placed, number of resulting pupae, and the weights of those pupae were all factored to determine optimal parasitoid density per host under laboratory rearing conditions. Based on larval survival and pupal weight, this study indicates that 4-5 larvae per host is optimal for laboratory rearing. Key Words: biocontrol, Scapteriscus, parasitoid, superparasitism RESUMEN Ormia depleta es un parasitoide de grillotopos en el sureste de los Estados Unidos. Entre 2 y 8 larvas de O. depleta se colocaron en 368 grillotopos huéspedes y se dejaron madurar. El peso de los huéspedes, el número de larvas de O. depleta colocadas, el número de pupas re- sultantes y el peso de las pupas fueron usados para determinar la densidad optima de para- sitoides en cada huésped para ser usadas en la reproducción de este parasitoide en el laboratorio. Nuestros resultados muestran que entre 4 y 5 larvas por cada grillotopo es la densidad optima para la reproducción en el laboratorio de este parasitoide. Translation provided by the author. Ormia depleta (Wiedemann) is a parasitoid of protocol requires hand inoculation of 3 planidia Scapteriscus spp. mole crickets, imported pests of under the posterior margin of the pronotum of turf and pasture grasses in the southeastern each host (R.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects in Turf
    Insects in Turf Pest Manager Training Albany Technical College February 26, 2019 Dr. James N. McCrimmon Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Where do Insects fit in? Organization of 5 Kingdoms living organisms: – Animalia – Kingdom Phylum – Phylum – Arthropoda – Class – Nematoda – Order Class – Family – Insecta – Genus Order – Species – 7/32 are turf pests • Class ▫ Insecta Chitinous exoskeleton Three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen) Three pairs of jointed legs Antennae Compound eyes Two antennae Introduction to Insect Biology We are fully immersed with insects – Over 1,000,000 insect species worldwide Introduction to Insect Biology An estimated 40 million insects for every acre of land Live in all habitats except, ocean Introduction to Insect Biology Diversity/richness greatest in tropical climates If global temperatures continue to rise, their population will grow and spread Introduction to Insect Biology Not all insects are pests; many are beneficial, for example, with the pollination of plants. Other beneficial roles of insects include… – Pest predation – Recycling/decomposition – Population control Introduction to Insect Biology A few groups (Orders) account for most of the population. – Coleoptera (beetles) 35% – Hymenoptera (bees, ants and wasps) 25% – Diptera (flies) 12.5% – Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) 12.5% – Hemiperta (true bug) 10% – Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets) 2% – Others 3% Insect Identification Destructive Turfgrass Insects 7 Insecta Orders Insecta Orthoptera Coleoptera Lepidoptera
    [Show full text]
  • Tawny Mole Cricket
    INSECT PESTS Tawny Mole Cricket Prepared by Camille Goodwin, MG 2008 Texas AgriLife Extension Service Galveston County Office Dickinson, TX 77539 Educational programs of the Texas AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, disability, religion, age, or national origin. The Texas A&M System, U.S. Department of Agriculture and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas cooperating. FIG. 1 Type Pest: chewing insect (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) • Another closely related mole cricket, the southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellia Giglio-Tos) also occurs in the Galveston-Houston area Type Metamorphous: simple (egg, nymph and adult stages) Period of Primary Activity: April through October Plants Affected • Bermudagrass and bahiagrass are the primary turfgrasses damaged by the mole cricket, although extensive damage can be sustained on cultivars of St. Augustinegrass, FIG. 2 centipedegrass, ryegrass, zoysiagrass and bentgrass • Tomato, strawberry, beet, cabbage, cantaloupe, carrot, cauliflower, collard, eggplant, kale, lettuce, onion, pepper, potato, spinach, sweet potato, turnip, flowers such as coleus, chrysanthemum, gypsophila, and other plants • Mole crickets feed on other soil-dwelling insects Identifying Characteristics of Insect Pest EGG STAGE • After mating and dispersal flights occur, females lay eggs in cells dug in the soil primarly during April with some egg laying occurring into early summer • Eggs hatch in about 2 weeks FIG. 3 NYMPH STAGES • Nymphs develop through eight juvenile stages (separated by molts) mostly during the summer months. • Each successive growth stage (instar) is larger and looks more and more like the adult but lack fully developed wings • Winter is spent as partially grown nymphs and as adults ADULT STAGE (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Mole Cricket: Scapteriscus Vicinus Shortwinged Mole Cricket: Scapteriscus Abbreviatus
    Tawny Mole Cricket: Scapteriscus vicinus Shortwinged Mole Cricket: Scapteriscus abbreviatus Biology & Lifecycle: Adults and larger nymphs chew on stems of seedlings and smaller plants at the soil surface. The tawny mole cricket has one generation each year and overwinters as adults, which lay eggs in April through early June. Nymphs grow slowly through the summer months and start becoming adults in September. The shortwinged mole cricket is almost restricted to coastal areas. Most eggs are laid in late spring through early summer. Females of both species lay clutches of eggs in underground egg chambers. Environmental Factors: Tawny and shortwinged mole crickets are present year-around, with adults and large nymphs overwintering but inactivated by cold temperatures and drought (they burrow deeper underground). Irrigation during drought allows them to be active. Flooding forces them to migrate to higher ground. Adult: Adults are large, about 1¼ inches, with wings longer than body (tawny mole cricket (Figure 3)) or very much shorter than body (shortwinged mole cricket (Figure 1)). Both adults and nymphs have enlarged and toothed forelegs for digging; expanded femurs (base of the hind legs) for jumping, although only nymphs jump. All species have soft bodies, with the middle body section protected by a hardened cover (pronotum). Immature: Nymphs range from less than 1/8 inch at hatching to about 1 inch several months later, resembling the adults but without trace of wings in the first 4 instars and with small wing buds in later instars. The number of molts varies from 6 to 9 (Figure 5). Host range: Both species attack seedlings of eggplant, sweet pepper, tobacco, tomato and cabbage.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisioning Patterns and Choice of Prey in the Digger Wasp Cerceris Arenaria (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): the Role of Prey Size
    NOTE Eur. J. Entomol. 102: 801–804, 2005 ISSN 1210-5759 Provisioning patterns and choice of prey in the digger wasp Cerceris arenaria (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): the role of prey size CARLO POLIDORI, ROBERTO BOESI, FRANCESCO ISOLA and FRANCESCO ANDRIETTI Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Zoologia e Citologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; e-mail: cpolidori @virgilio.it Key words. Cerceris arenaria, Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, behaviour, nest provisioning, prey, Curculionidae, hunting specialization Abstract. At a nest site in Northern Italy of females of the weevil-hunting digger wasp Cerceris arenaria L. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) the provisioning activity and predator-prey relationship were investigated, in particular their specialization in choice of prey. Females were active from middle of June to end of July, and from 8.00 to 19.00. The wasps made provisioning flights throughout the day, mostly in late morning and early afternoon. Individual wasps generally only hunted for 1 or 2 prey species of all those available, maybe because of their higher abundance. The size of prey, which is positively correlated with that of the female wasps, seems to be the main factor determining choice of prey. The nature of the provisioning flights seems to be related to the size of the prey, being more frequent and shorter for smaller weevils. The correlation between prey and wasp biomass is discussed in relation to the size range of the wasps. INTRODUCTION “small” (about 0.7–1.2 mm), “medium” (1.3–1.9 mm) or “large” prey (2.0–2.7 mm). The accurately measured wasps and prey Recent studies on sphecoid wasps have focused on predator- came from an area close to the aggregation of nests.
    [Show full text]
  • Howard Frank Professor Emeritus
    J. Howard Frank Professor Emeritus Contact: PO Box 110620 Building 970, Natural Area Dr. Gainesville, FL 32611 (352) 273-3922 [email protected] Education B.Sc. (Honors), Durham University, England (Zoology), 1963 D.Phil., Oxford University, England (Entomology), 1967 Relevant Employment History Professor (1987-2012) Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida Associate Professor (1985-1987) Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida Associate Professor (1983-1985) Florida Medical Entomology Lab, Vero Beach, FL Entomologist (1972-1983) Entomological Research Center (later Florida Medical Entomology Lab), Vero Beach, FL Entomologist (1968-1972) Research Department, Sugar Manufacturers' Association, Mandeville, Jamaica Post-doctoral Fellow (1966-1968) Entomology Department, University of Alberta, Canada Former Research Responsibilities Biological control of pest insects using parasitoids, predators, or pathogens. Current projects are against Scapteriscus mole crickets (pests of turf, pasture grasses, and vegetables), and Metamasius callizona (pest of bromeliads). Former Teaching responsibilities Biological Control (ENY 5241), a course for graduate students. Tropical Entomology for undergraduates (ENY 3563/ENY 3564L) and for graduates (ENY 5566/ENY 5567L). Supervision of research by graduate students. Former Extension responsibilities Extension of results of the research project Accomplishments Introduction, colonization, release, and establishment in at least 38 Florida counties of Ormia depleta (Diptera: Tachinidae)
    [Show full text]
  • Caribbean Food Crops Society Serving the Caribbean Since 1963 Caribbean Food Crops Society 40
    CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY SERVING THE CARIBBEAN SINCE 1963 CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY 40 Fortieth Annual Meeting 2004 Proceedings of the Caribbean Food Crops Society. 40:249-183. 2004 A COMMERCI AL NEMATODE FOR MOLE CRICKET CONTROL N.C. Leppla1, J.H. Frank', N. Vicente2 and A. Pantoja3. 1 University of Florida, IF AS, P.O. Box 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, 2University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural Experiment Station, P.O. Box 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681-9030, United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, SARU, Fairbanks, AK99775-7200 ABSTRACT: In Puerto Rico, the name "changa" is generally applied to Scapteriscus didactylus (Latreille) (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae), the most widespread and damaging of the non- indigenous pest mole crickets in Puerto Rico. S. abbreviatus Scudder is also established but much less abundant. We conducted a T-STAR project to efficiently release, establish, distribute and evaluate the entomopathogenic nematode, Stinernema scapterisci Nguyen and Smart (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), for controlling Scapteriscus spp. mole crickets. The University of Florida negotiated an agreement with Becker Underwood for commercial production of the nematode that is available as the product, Nematac®S. The "mole cricket nematode" has been used effectively to control non-indigenous mole crickets in pastures and turf in Florida since the early 1990s. It parasitizes only Scapteriscus spp. in nature and not indigenous mole crickets that are in a different genus, so it is safe to import and release. The level of mole cricket infection, nematode establishment and dispersal, and suppression of mole cricket populations is being quantified. This project provided data on the occurrence and life history of Scapteriscus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Control of Mole Crickets 3 the Area After Flushing Can Minimize Sun Scalding of the Turf
    ALABAMA A&M AND AUBURN UNIVERSITIES Biology and Control ANR-0176 of Mole Crickets Mole crickets have become the most destructive insect pest on turf and lawns in Gulf Coast states. Estimates of damage and replacement costs for turf and pastures in these states are in the millions of dollars annually. This review of the biology, ecology, and management of mole crickets is intended as a reference for homeowners, turf professionals, and local Extension agents. Pest Mole Crickets Brief History and Their Cousins of Mole Crickets The insect order Orthoptera in the United States includes crickets, grasshoppers, Scapteriscus mole crickets were and mole crickets. Within this not known to occur in North order, grasshoppers are a separate America before the early 1900s. subgroup from the field crickets Three species in the genus and mole crickets. Crickets (such Neoscapteriscus were introduced as the field cricket Gryllus spp.) near the Georgia and Florida are related to mole crickets but do border from South America. not live in soil. The short-winged mole cricket (N. Two families of crickets have abbreviatus) is the least known the common name of mole of these species. It is incapable of crickets. Pest mole crickets have Figure 1. The hearing organ on the mole flight due to its shortened wings, cricket is analogous to human ears. digging front legs and live most and it basically has established of their lives in soil, similar to only in Florida. Two additional the mammalian mole. Pygmy species, the tawny mole cricket forelegs that separate them from mole crickets, much smaller and (Neoscapteriscus vicinus) and the native species, which have four unrelated to pest mole crickets, the southern mole cricket claws.
    [Show full text]
  • Mole Cricket Management Using a Soil Fumigant
    Mole cricket management using a soil fumigant Long used in agriculture, 1,3-0 is being tested for controlling mole crickets in turf. J. Bryan Unruh, Ph.D., and Darin W. Lickfeldt, Ph.D. Mole crickets have long been trou- roots, organic material and other small blesome pests in turf-covered venues, organisms, including insects. particularly in the southeastern United During warm weather, most mole States. Imported from South America in cricket feeding occurs at night after the early 1900s, mole crickets damage rain showers or irrigation events. turfgrass in several ways. They tunnel During the day mole crickets stay in through the soil near the surface, loos- their permanent burrows and may ening the soil and leaving the grass remain there for long periods when the uprooted. As the soil dries, the roots weather is unfavorable. Adult mole desiccate and turf death ensues. Mole crickets are strongly attracted to lights crickets also cause direct injury as they during their spring flights, and there feed on grass roots, causing thinning of are reports of mole cricket sightings on the turf and inevitably leading to bare well-lit, offshore oil rigs. More Info: www.gcsaa.org soil. Indirect injury also occurs when predatory animals such as armadillos Mole cricket control • Mole crickets kill turf by and opossums seek their nightly meal of Control of mole crickets has largely feeding on roots and by these soil-borne insects. been accomplished with synthetic uprooting grass through Mole crickets are extremely prolific. insecticides (5,6) and, more recently, tunneling. Each spring, overwintered adults with biological control agents such as • Long used in agriculture, emerge, fly around and mate and then the entomopathogenic nematode the pesticide I,3-dichloro- deposit eggs in chambers hollowed out Steinernema scapterisci and the propene has recently been in the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Larra Bicolor (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in the Northern Gulf
    Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2008 Ecology Of Larra Bicolor (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) In The Northern Gulf Cheri Muthirakalayil Abraham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Abraham, Cheri Muthirakalayil, "Ecology Of Larra Bicolor (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) In The Northern Gulf" (2008). Theses and Dissertations. 1614. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/1614 This Graduate Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ECOLOGY OF LARRA BICOLOR (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE) IN THE NORTHERN GULF By Cheri Muthirakalayil Abraham A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Entomology in the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Mississippi State, Mississippi December 2008 Copyright by Cheri Muthirakalayil Abraham 2008 ECOLOGY OF LARRA BICOLOR (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE) IN THE NORTHERN GULF By Cheri Muthirakalayil Abraham Approved: _________________________________ _________________________________ David Wayne Held Gregg Munshaw Assisstant Professor of Entomology and Assisstant Professor of Plant and Soil Plant Pathology Science (Director of Thesis) (Minor Professor & Committee Member) _________________________________ _________________________________ M. Blake Layton Jr. Clarence Collison, Professor and Head, Extension Professor of Entomology and Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Plant Pathology & Graduate Coordinator (Committee Member) _________________________________ _________________________________ William Kingery, Professor and Graduate Melissa J. Mixon, Coordinator, Plant and Soil Science Interim Dean of College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Sphecos: a Forum for Aculeate Wasp Researchers
    APRIL 1991 SPHECOS A FORUM FOR ACUlEATE WASP. RESEARCHERS MINUTIAE FROM THE ty• of digger wasps had a slightly une­ MUD D'AUB ARNOLDS. MENKE, Edhor ven distribution while the •nesting Tony Nuhn, Assistant Editor com­ Systematic Entomology Labratory munity• had a more patchy distnbution. Still no official word from the old Agricultural Research Senrice,USDA Sphecid communHies were more di· BMNH regarding personnel changes, c/o National Museum of Natural History verse on patches w~h relatively low but as of last November, Nigel Fergus­ Smithsonian I1Stitution, Washington, DC 20560 plant diversHy and cover. Diversity de· FAX: (202) son (a cynipoidist) was put in charge 786-9422 Phone: (202) 382-t803 creased in response to watering and of Coleoptera. Nigel informed me that watering combined wHh mechanical iso­ Tom Huddleston is now in charge of lation and increased after removal oi Hymenoptera. By the time you receive the upper layer of soil and plants. this issue of Sphecos, Mick Day may RESEARCH NEWS no longer be employed at The Natural lynn Kimsey (Dept. of Entomology, Alexander V. Antropov History Museum (aka BMNH). (Zoological Univ. of California. Davis, CA 95616, Museum of the Moscow lomonosov George Eickwort of Cornell Universi­ USA) reports "I am revising the wasp State ty is the President-elect of the Interna­ University, Herzen Street 6, Mos­ family Tiphiidae for the world, and have cow K-9 I tional Society of Hymenopterists. The 03009 USSR) has described begun sorting all of our miscellaneous a new genus of Crabroninae Society's second quadrennial meeting from Bra­ tiphiid wasps to genus and species.
    [Show full text]
  • A Parasitic Flythat Kills Mole Crickets Identifying Natural Parasites for Mole Crickets As Part of a Long-Term Control Strategy
    A Parasitic FlyThat Kills Mole Crickets Identifying natural parasites for mole crickets as part of a long-term control strategy. BY HOWARD FRANK of Florida Mole Cricket Research Pro- gram began to investigate and import those natural enemies in the 1980s. Currently, two of those imported natural enemies are established year- round in the Gainesville, Florida, area. Together they provide about 95% con- trol of tawny 'and short-winged mole crickets.2 Numbers of tawny and south- ern mole crickets in the Gainesville area are about 95% less than they were in the 1980s due to action of another wasp (Larra bicolor) and another bene- ficial nematode (Steinernema scapterisCl) from South America. What is remarkable about these imported wasps and nematodes is that they now occur all around the Gaines- An Ormia depleta pupa next to a dead adult mole cricket. The mole cricket was killed by an Ormia depleta larva that then became this pupa. Up to five fly larvae may develop successfully in an adult mole ville area and provide area-wide control cricket, and the process is always fatal to the mole cricket regardless of the number of fly larvae. for free.Year by year the area occupied by this wasp and nematode keeps rom coastal North Carolina south enemies that keep its numbers in check. increasing naturally, so that the area to Florida and west to Texas, mole These natural enemies include a wasp where mole crickets are controlled Fcrickets are major problems on (Larra analis) and a beneficial nematode expands. golf courses. Huge sums of money are (Steinernema neocurtillae) that seems to This article is about a third biological spent on pesticides every year to control attack only this species of mole cricket.
    [Show full text]