Penobscot Valley Star Gazers An Astronomical Society of Central Maine Cold blows the wind, the frozen rain and fleecy snow descend; http://www.gazers.org For, freezing winter’s come again, and so the year does end. December 2019 PVSG to Party at Kosta's The December 2019 meeting of the PVSG will be held at Kosta's restaurant in Brewer on Monday the 9th at 6:30 pm. Dwight has promised to provide an interesting video plus other things (see below). Thanks for last month’s program go to Mother Nature. No Meeting, No Minutes Hanover, Germany the son of Isaac and Anna. On the Schedule Isaac was a bandsman (Items Subject to Change) The November 11, 2019 in the Hanoverian meeting of the PVSG was Guard thus all his chil- PROGRAMS canceled due to a snowstorm. dren had a musical up- bringing although Anna December 9: Kostas thought more of Caro- line as a household STAR PARTIES servant than a daugh- ter. William was taught the violin as a young ? Tentative; (rs) rain or shine; (co) child using a small vio- clear only; (rd) rain date lin made especially for him. At 14 he joined Observe The Sky This Month his father’s regiment as an oboist and learned musical Some Selected Objects theory. As a guardsman he was briefly sent to England as King George II was a Hanoverian and needed pro- December 2019 tection from a French invasion which never happened. While there he was able to practice his English. Soon General sky comments – The winter solstice is on his regiment was recalled to Germany where he was Saturday December the 21st at 11:19 pm EST. I plan involved in the battle of Hastenbeck on July 26, 1757. to attend ALCORS 2020. Albuquerque is within one After this battle his father advised him to look for his day drive of my house and if any club member would own safety and he soon moved to England with his like to join me there next July I would be glad to split brother Jacob (who later returned to Germany) where the cost of the lodging. Lodging is two room suites. he was briefly considered a deserter. Since he joined My car would also be available therefore there would the Hanover guard at 14 as a noncombatant bandsman be no car rental needed. the deserter charge was eventually dropped. In Eng- Recently I read a profile of William Herschel and his land his first permanent paid job was in 1766 as organ- family notably his sister Caroline and younger brother ist for Octagon Chapel in Bath. While at Bath he was a Alexander by Jeff Kanipe. There is not room here to performer, teacher, concert director, and composer writ- state all I learned but I will convey interesting facts ing concertos, sonatas, organ pieces, and symphonies. which might be of interest to all. William was born In August of 1772 he brought his sister Caroline Lucre- Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel on November 15, 1738 in tia who he called Lina to England where she joined her Hello All, There will be a couple nice door prizes to be giv- This is a reminder of our special Christmas party en away by drawing. meeting at Kostas Restaurant, Monday evening, De- For the main presentation, I’ve found another en- cember 9 at 6:30 pm. We will meet in the private tertaining researcher, Dr. Katie Boughman, describing dining room on the left as you enter. the blackhole photo released in April. She will ex- For our astro short presentation, we’ll review the plain, via a video, the background behind how the Star Party held at Ben Philips in October. And I in- image was created utilizing a team of scientists, vite all those that wish, to share a short story or even some fancy math and a world radio telescope net- a few sentences of a special astro-event, an interest- work ing astronomy figure, a special meeting, star party, See you [Monday night] for good food, good com- observation or some other special astro event. pany and good entertainment. ---Dwight We will also review the coming year’s proposed event schedule, that will be handed out. brother Alexander who had already joined William. As Canis Major). By the end of 1783 by her count she a child of 10 Caroline had smallpox and typhus. Small- had found 14 new nebula by sweeping the sky and was pox left her pockmarked and typhus stunted her growth considering her own catalog. On March 4, 1783 Wil- to four foot three inches. During this time in Bath Wil- liam took his sister’s lead (for once) and broke off his liam became more interested in Astronomy and ob- double star work and began to sweep the sky for nebu- served both Venus and a solar eclipse. He also rented la and star clusters. On October 23, 1783 he had com- a small telescope. In the 1770’s he began connecting pleted an 18.5 inch telescope with a steady mount and the mathematics of music and astronomy. Slowly he began using it to sweep the sky. In April 1784 he sent became more interested in astronomy reading several a list of 388 (soon corrected to 440) nebula not known popular astronomy books and discussing them with his by Messier to the Royal Society along with a list of brother Alexander. He began attempting to make his Messier nebula actually star clusters. At the same time own telescopes with the help of his brother and on he noticed the Milky Way was composed of stars. March 1, 1774 he turned his first successful telescope While observing a planetary nebula (NGC 1514) he re- on the Orion Nebula and Saturn. That night he began versed his belief nebula were composed of stars seen his first observing journal. Telescope making began to at great distance to a belief some were surrounded with take over the entire house much to the dismay of Caro- a faintly luminous atmosphere. William also discovered line who finally gave up and even began helping by tenuous objects were best seen when eyes were dark- spoon feeding and reading to William while he was adapted and had Caroline write down observations grinding mirrors. One of the first of his many telescope shouted to her through an open window where she innovations was interchangeable speculum mirrors that could see to write and use the clock. William Herschel easily tarnished and needed to be frequently changed. over his lifetime observed and catalogued almost 2,500 Thus he was able to keep observing instead of stop- objects forming what would become the core of the still ping to polish the mirror. During his time at Bath Wil- used J.L.E. Dreyer’s New General Catalog. Caroline liam gave 30 to 40 music lessons a week, composed, discovered 8 comets 5 of them previously unknown. gave concerts, and in his leisure time casting, grinding, She rearranged the John Flamsteed star catalog to be figuring mirrors, making telescopes, and observing. All more useful for observing. Caroline moved back to Ha- this was carefully documented. Meanwhile the Her- nover after the death of her brother in 1822, was schel family moved at least three or four times and Car- awarded honorary membership in both the Royal Astro- oline’s music career had grown to where on April 15, nomical Societies of England and Ireland, and contin- 1778 she was the principal soloist at the final seasonal ued to edit and catalog his work until her death in 1848 performance of Handel’s Messiah in the concert room at age 98. Alexander Herschel is not often recognized at Bath. She was offered a chance to begin her own for his work but he was mechanical gifted like his broth- musical career but declined because she later wrote in er William. He was a brass worker and made the bells, her biography, “I never intended to sing anywhere but eyepieces, mirrors, micrometers and pendulum clocks where my brother was not the Conductor.” She later used by his brother and sister. blamed him for running her musical career but as we now know she became more famous as a comet, star Planets this month –The new moon is on Thursday cluster, and nebula discoverer and documentor of her the 26th, first quarter is on Wednesday the 4th, full moon brother’s work than she would likely have become as a is on Thursday the 12th and last quarter is on Wednes- singer. On December 31 of 1779 William was invited to day the 18th. The Geminids meteor shower peaks in join the first meeting of the Bath Philosophical society the morning of Friday the 14th. Unfortunately the moon by William Watson Jr. a member of the Royal Society will interfere because it only two days past full. Mercu- of London. This began his career as a professional ry is visible until late in the month in the morning sky. astronomer because he was now able to publish. On Venus is approaching earth and rising higher in the March 13, 1781 he observed a “star” that could be en- evening sky. Look for it early next year to show a great larged unlike a star. He first suspected it was a comet view in the Northern Hemisphere. Try to observe the but soon it was recognized as the first planet discov- Moon and Venus when they are within one degree of ered since ancient times now known as Uranus.