DOCSLIB.ORG

Hydrofictions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hydrofictions HTYHDE RPOREFSISC INT ITOHNE S MWIDaterD, PoLweEr a nEd APolSitiTcs inA IsrNaeliD NOandR PaTleHstini aAn LFiteRratIuCre A, 185 0−1950 Politics, Social History and Culture HANNAH BOAST Edited by ANTHONY GORMAN and DIDIER MONCIAUD HYDROFICTIONS 66395_Boast.indd395_Boast.indd i 111/06/201/06/20 110:140:14 AAMM 66395_Boast.indd395_Boast.indd iiii 111/06/201/06/20 110:140:14 AAMM HYDROFICTIONS Water, Power and Politics in Israeli and Palestinian Literature Hannah Boast 66395_Boast.indd395_Boast.indd iiiiii 111/06/201/06/20 110:140:14 AAMM Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Hannah Boast, 2020 Edinburgh University Press Ltd Th e Tun – Holyrood Road 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 11/15 Adobe Garamond by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 43 80 7 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 4382 1 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 4383 8 (epub) Th e right of Hannah Boast to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). 66395_Boast.indd395_Boast.indd iivv 111/06/201/06/20 110:140:14 AAMM CONTENTS Ackno wledgements vi Intro duction 1 1 Cro ssing the River: Home and Exile at the River Jordan 31 2 ‘Th e dense, murky water of the past’: Swamps, Nostalgia and Settlement Myth in Meir Shalev’s Th e Blue Mountain 69 3 ‘Current Liquidisations Ltd.’: Israel’s ‘Mediterranean’ Identity in Amos Oz’s Th e Same Sea 108 4 Wat er Wars: Infrastructures of Violence in Sayed Kashua’s Let It Be Morning 148 Concl usion 189 Bibl iography 198 Index 233 66395_Boast.indd395_Boast.indd v 111/06/201/06/20 110:140:14 AAMM ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS any people helped with this project and without them it would never Mhave been completed. Th is book started life as a doctoral thesis in Eng- lish and Geography at the Universities of York and Sheffi eld, and I would like to thank the White Rose Universities Consortium for funding my research. I am grateful to Jessica Dubow and Ziad Elmarsafy for their confi dence in me and for conversations that always left me with a renewed sense of why research is worthwhile. Anna Bernard fi rst introduced me to Israeli and Pal- estinian literature when I was an MA student at York and has been a constant source of guidance and inspiration since, including as a model of politically committed scholarship. Claire Westall off ered incisive readings of early drafts that prompted me to think more deeply, invariably for the better. Claire and Pablo Mukherjee gave invaluable comments on the fi nal thesis that helped it to become a book. Helen Smith gave me the opportunity to work on the Imagining Jerusalem network, through which I encountered people and ideas that expanded my understanding immeasurably. I would like to thank Sharae Deckard, Graham Huggan and the late Anthony Carrigan for treating me as an equal contributor to a shared intellectual project from the early stages of my time in academia. Dorothy Butchard, Asha Rogers and Rachel Sykes kept me afl oat as a teaching fellow at the University of Birmingham and I miss them a lot. Mike Niblett brightened the fi nal stages of this project with his support for my Leverhulme application at Warwick. vi 66395_Boast.indd395_Boast.indd vvii 111/06/201/06/20 110:140:14 AAMM acknowledgements | vii Helen Battison and Cecy Marden have stuck with me in spite of occa- sionally extreme neglect on my side of the friendship. Stef Lambert, Cat Oakley and Lucy Potter have been intellectual co-conspirators, confi dantes, and providers of solidarity and delicious food. I was lucky enough to be able to make Sheffi eld my home while writing much of this project. Many people there contributed to my intellectual and political development and were also a lot of fun. Particular thanks go to Charlotte Jones, Seán McCorry and Gabby Patterson, who have challenged me to think more deeply about the world, off ered serious emotional support and kept me aware that there is more to life than academia. I benefi ted greatly from conversations with Christine Gilmore and Will Wright and it was a pleasure to see our work grow together. Tom Langley helped to set me on this course by urging me to read Raja Shehadeh’s Palestinian Walks a long time ago. Th anks to Geoff rey Humble for kindness and a place to stay in Jerusalem, and to Jo Bridger and Murad Alkhufash for showing me environmental resistance in practice and introducing me to knafeh. Assaf Gavron generously shared unpublished work and took the time to talk hydropolitics with me in ways that informed this project. Guy Davidi helped out by sharing with me his and Alexandre Goetschmann’s documentary, Interrupted Streams. My parents, Paul and Kathryn, have supported me in many ways. My mum helped me to pursue educational opportunities that she did not have access to and I am so proud of her for graduating from the Open University in 2015 with a 2:1 degree in History. My aunt and uncle, Dianne and Kevin Leahy, similarly deserve thanks for their support and for sharing their boundless love of learn- ing. My grandparents, Gordon and Margaret Boast, and Tim and Rosemary Leahy, nurtured my environmental interests and my Lea hy grandparents helped to develop my political ones. Tom O’Shea has helped me to think in new ways and with new ideas, while being a constant source of love and care. Material from Chapter 1 was previously published as ‘ “A River without Water”: Hydropolitics and the River Jordan in Palestinian Literature’, Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 51(2), pp. 275–86. I am grateful to the journal for permission to reproduce it. 66395_Boast.indd395_Boast.indd vviiii 111/06/201/06/20 110:140:14 AAMM 66395_Boast.indd395_Boast.indd vviiiiii 111/06/201/06/20 110:140:14 AAMM INTRODUCTION n his 2008 eco-thriller Hydromania, Israeli novelist Assaf Gavron imag- Iines a future Israel/Palestine in the aftermath of dramatic climate change.1 Set in the worryingly close year of 2067, Hydromania presents a drastically altered political scenario in which Palestinians have won the confl ict, claimed Jerusalem as their capital and become the regional power. In a reversal of the current territorial situation, Israelis have been left with a narrow coastal strip comprising the two now overcrowded cities of Caesarea and Tiberias. Th e novel’s main theme, however, is water scarcity, with Gavron producing an Israeli version of the emerging genre of climate fi ction, or ‘cli-fi ’.2 Th e world of Hydromania is eff ectively governed by corporations from three countries – China, Japan and, more surprisingly, Ukraine – who exercise control over every aspect of Israeli citizens’ lives through their monopoly on the scarce commodity of water, now known by its brand names of ‘Ohiya Water’ or ‘Gobogobo Water’. Rainfall is rare, with each event timed using sophisticated technologies, and citizens are prevented from collecting their own water, leav- ing them constantly thirsty. Th is state of aff airs is policed through heavy sur- veillance, including tracking and identifi cation chips in every person’s arm. In Gavron’s novel the loss of easy access to water alters every aspect of Israeli existence. Reviewing Hydromania for the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, Inbal Malka described it as tapping into contemporary Israeli fears. She cautioned that ‘[t]he 1 66395_Boast.indd395_Boast.indd 1 111/06/201/06/20 110:140:14 AAMM 2 | hydrofictions future that Assaf Gavron depicts in Hydromania is a prospect familiar to every anxious Israeli’.3 Yet in an age in which talk of ‘climate emergency’ has belatedly entered the mainstream, Gavron’s dystopian scenario now speaks to many more than just Israelis. Recent years have seen frenzied reporting in the Anglophone media of ‘Day Zero’ in Cape Town, California’s near-constant state of drought and the UK’s increasingly regular heatwaves, with attention (if rather less of it) focused at the time of writing on water shortages in Chennai. Gavron’s novel, however, does more than merely anticipate this trend: its specifi c national context is crucial to how we understand the concept of water crisis in the present. Israel/Palestine has become the site at which twenty-fi rst-century anxieties and hopes about our water supply coalesce. Israel/Palestine is well known as the archetypal ‘water war’. Past, present and possible future confl ict in the region is regularly framed by academics, politicians and the media as motivated by the need to secure scarce resources. Th is supposed phenomenon appears to exemplify a coming crisis accord- ing to which, as then World Bank Vice-President Ismail Serageldin famously predicted in 1995, ‘many of the wars of this century were about oil, but wars of the next century will be over water’.4 Th e Syrian Civil War and the war in Yemen are often presented as exacerbated or even caused by water shortages, seeming to show Serageldin’s prediction coming true (the reality, as ever, is more complicated).5 Curiously, Israel is described as vulnerable to water wars yet promoted at the same time as having ‘solved’ its water crisis and even having a ‘water surplus’ due to advances in desalination, drip irrigation and wastewater recycling.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Construction of the Female Identity In
    European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies Vol.7, No.6, pp.26-36, December 2019 Published by ECRTD- UK Print ISSN: 2055-0138(Print), Online ISSN: 2055-0146(Online) THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOMEN IN REPRESENTATIONS OF PALESTINE IN GHASSAN KANAFANI’S UMM SAAD Nuha Ahmad Baaqeel Assistant professor,Department of Languages and Translation,College of Arts and Humanities,Taibah University,Saudi Arabia) ABSTRACT: This essay will argue that the multiplicity of identities is the main feature in the construction of representations of women in Palestine. Moreover; this essay will explore a range of different identities and positions that Palestinian women take on. In order to demonstrate this aim, the paper will contrast and compare the representations of Palestinian women both before and after the Intifada as represented by the male writer Ghassan Kanafani and the female writer Suad Amiry. And will analyse the multiplicity of female identities in the works of Kanafani and Amiry. Two specific texts by Kanafani and Amiry were chosen in order to give a more profound analysis – Umm Saad which represents a Palestinian woman before the Intifada‘ with ’a nationalism that draws as a political movement which challenges the colonial state’’ and Sharon and My Mother-in-Law: Ramallah Diaries that symbolises the Palestinian woman after the Intifada with different kind of nationalism that draws on‘’ a cultural construct which enables the colonial to posit their differences and autonomy’’. The choice of these texts is explained by the fact that they provide the most vivid representations of both the colonial and anti-colonial mentalities of Palestinian women.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestinian Traumatic Memory in Three Works by Elias Khoury
    American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Theses and Dissertations 6-1-2019 "Dhakirat al-alam": Palestinian traumatic memory in three works by Elias Khoury Nourhan Tewfik Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds Recommended Citation APA Citation Tewfik, N. (2019)."Dhakirat al-alam": Palestinian traumatic memory in three works by Elias Khoury [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/829 MLA Citation Tewfik, Nourhan. "Dhakirat al-alam": Palestinian traumatic memory in three works by Elias Khoury. 2019. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/829 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences “Dhakirat al-alam:” Palestinian Traumatic Memory in Three Works by Elias Khoury A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Arab and Islamic Civilizations In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts By Nourhan Tewfik Under the Supervision of Professor Samia Mehrez May 2019 2 To my mother, For valuing my rushed dreams, And nurturing them with her generous love. To my father, For gifting me my first book, And inspiring me with his ceaseless sense of wonder. To Samia Mehrez, For teaching, telling and reading literature with such grace, And triggering my love for the written word in the process.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Page V. The Threat to Israel’s Civilian Population and Israel’s Civil Defense Measures ............106 A. Life under the Threat of Terrorist Rocket Fire and Cross-Border Tunnel Attacks .................................................................................................................106 B. Israel’s Civil Defence Measures against Rocket and Mortar Attacks .................107 1. Passive Defence Measures .......................................................................107 2. Active Defence Measures (the Iron Dome System) ................................111 C. Harm Caused to Israel’s Civilian Population by Rocket and Mortar Attacks .................................................................................................................112 1. Civilian Deaths and Injuries.....................................................................112 2. Effects on Children, Teenagers and College Students .............................118 3. Effect on the Elderly and People with Disabilities ..................................121 4. Internal Displacement ..............................................................................122 5. Psychological Damage .............................................................................125 6. Economic Damage ...................................................................................132 D. Conclusion ...........................................................................................................136 i V. The Threat to Israel’s Civilian Population
    [Show full text]
  • Tbsl Tyrxs SHACHARIT L’SHABBAT Shabbat Morning Connection I Kabbalah4all Transliteration Guidelines
    tbsl tyrxs SHACHARIT L’SHABBAT Shabbat Morning Connection i Kabbalah4All Transliteration Guidelines Please note that transliteration guidelines are different according to each culture and also within each movement of Judaism. We have developed these guidelines for use with our transliterated documents. They may or may not apply to transliterations put out by other movements including the various organizations teaching Kabbalah. a as in Creator ai as in aisle e as in red ei as in eight i as in pizza o as in no oy as in toy u as in tune ch as in Bach in German (strong sound from the throat) g as in give tz as in lots ’ typically adds an “EH” sound after a consonant, this is known as a Shva Na or pronounced Shva as in the word “Sh’ma”. - a dash is simply used to aid in pronounciation, usually if two like vowels follow each other, as in the word “da-at.” In Hebrew, the accent generally falls on the last syllable, however it sometimes falls somewhere else in the word. In our transliteration, when the syllable falls somewhere else other than the last syllable, that stressed syllable will be underlined. Example: Melech. Hebrew Rules The following are some of the Hebrew rules you may notice in our siddurim (connection books). In Hebrew, the accent generally falls on the last syllable, however it sometimes falls Kjl¤ n«¤ somewhere else in the word. Whenever a syllable other than the last is accented, a “meteg” (the vertical line under the first letter) will appear. The “masoret” above the letter Chaf indicates that this is a Kamatz Katan, which is lkǨ pronounced as “o”; in this example the word is “kol.” The “rafe” above a letter indicates it is a Shva Na.
    [Show full text]
  • Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid Over Palestine
    Metula Majdal Shams Abil al-Qamh ! Neve Ativ Misgav Am Yuval Nimrod ! Al-Sanbariyya Kfar Gil'adi ZZ Ma'ayan Baruch ! MM Ein Qiniyye ! Dan Sanir Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid over Palestine Al-Sanbariyya DD Al-Manshiyya ! Dafna ! Mas'ada ! Al-Khisas Khan Al-Duwayr ¥ Huneen Al-Zuq Al-tahtani ! ! ! HaGoshrim Al Mansoura Margaliot Kiryat !Shmona al-Madahel G GLazGzaGza!G G G ! Al Khalsa Buq'ata Ethnic Cleansing and Population Transfer (1948 – present) G GBeGit GHil!GlelG Gal-'A!bisiyya Menara G G G G G G G Odem Qaytiyya Kfar Szold In order to establish exclusive Jewish-Israeli control, Israel has carried out a policy of population transfer. By fostering Jewish G G G!G SG dGe NG ehemia G AGl-NGa'iGmaG G G immigration and settlements, and forcibly displacing indigenous Palestinians, Israel has changed the demographic composition of the ¥ G G G G G G G !Al-Dawwara El-Rom G G G G G GAmG ir country. Today, 70% of Palestinians are refugees and internally displaced persons and approximately one half of the people are in exile G G GKfGar GB!lGumG G G G G G G SGalihiya abroad. None of them are allowed to return. L e b a n o n Shamir U N D ii s e n g a g e m e n tt O b s e rr v a tt ii o n F o rr c e s Al Buwayziyya! NeoG t MG oGrdGecGhaGi G ! G G G!G G G G Al-Hamra G GAl-GZawG iyGa G G ! Khiyam Al Walid Forcible transfer of Palestinians continues until today, mainly in the Southern District (Beersheba Region), the historical, coastal G G G G GAl-GMuGftskhara ! G G G G G G G Lehavot HaBashan Palestinian towns ("mixed towns") and in the occupied West Bank, in particular in the Israeli-prolaimed “greater Jerusalem”, the Jordan G G G G G G G Merom Golan Yiftah G G G G G G G Valley and the southern Hebron District.
    [Show full text]
  • My Voice Is My Weapon: Music, Nationalism, and the Poetics Of
    MY VOICE IS MY WEAPON MY VOICE IS MY WEAPON Music, Nationalism, and the Poetics of Palestinian Resistance David A. McDonald Duke University Press ✹ Durham and London ✹ 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Cover by Heather Hensley. Interior by Courtney Leigh Baker Typeset in Minion Pro by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data McDonald, David A., 1976– My voice is my weapon : music, nationalism, and the poetics of Palestinian resistance / David A. McDonald. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8223-5468-0 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn 978-0-8223-5479-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Palestinian Arabs—Music—History and criticism. 2. Music—Political aspects—Israel. 3. Music—Political aspects—Gaza Strip. 4. Music—Political aspects—West Bank. i. Title. ml3754.5.m33 2013 780.89′9274—dc23 2013012813 For Seamus Patrick McDonald Illustrations viii Note on Transliterations xi Note on Accessing Performance Videos xiii Acknowledgments xvii introduction ✹ 1 chapter 1. Nationalism, Belonging, and the Performativity of Resistance ✹ 17 chapter 2. Poets, Singers, and Songs ✹ 34 Voices in the Resistance Movement (1917–1967) chapter 3. Al- Naksa and the Emergence of Political Song (1967–1987) ✹ 78 chapter 4. The First Intifada and the Generation of Stones (1987–2000) ✹ 116 chapter 5. Revivals and New Arrivals ✹ 144 The al- Aqsa Intifada (2000–2010) CONTENTS chapter 6. “My Songs Can Reach the Whole Nation” ✹ 163 Baladna and Protest Song in Jordan chapter 7. Imprisonment and Exile ✹ 199 Negotiating Power and Resistance in Palestinian Protest Song chapter 8.
    [Show full text]
  • The Combat Performance of Hamas in the Gaza War of 2014
    SEPTEMBER 2014 . VOL 7. ISSUE 9 The Combat Performance a clear improvement in performance of medium range and dozens of long since the Hamas-Israel war in 2009.5 range systems capable of reaching as of Hamas in the Gaza War far as Haifa in northern Israel.9 Hamas’ of 2014 Nevertheless, Hamas also showed rocket forces were well prepared for the weaknesses within its military forces. campaign, with a system of underground By Jeffrey White Its rocket offensive, while disrupting launchers spread across Gaza and the life in Israel, and especially in southern means of moving rockets and rocket in its war with israel in the Israel, caused few casualties and little squads to launch areas under cover.10 summer of 2014, Hamas displayed damage. Its offensive tunnel system, a wide range of combat capabilities, while allowing infiltration inside Israel, Hamas expended considerable effort including new offensive and defensive did not lead to successful penetration into the build-up of its ground tactics.1 Hamas’ evolution on the of the border defense system, except forces. These forces were to be battlefield presented serious challenges perhaps in one case.6 Despite the employed offensively against Israel to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and, defensive tunnel system, Israeli forces and defensively to prevent deep when combined with Israeli operations, caused extensive damage to Hamas’ penetrations into Gaza by Israeli made the conflict the most costly in military infrastructure.7 Hamas’ ground ground forces. Hamas organized the terms of casualties and damage to Gaza forces, notwithstanding their upgrades, defensive battlefield by deploying since Hamas seized power in 2007.2 were unable to prevent IDF ground dense systems of improvised explosive operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestinian Nationalism: from Secularism to Islam Stoenescu, Dan
    www.ssoar.info Palestinian nationalism: from secularism to Islam Stoenescu, Dan Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Stoenescu, D. (2007). Palestinian nationalism: from secularism to Islam. Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 7(2), 313-330. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-56068-8 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/1.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/1.0/deed.de Palestinian Nationalism 313 Palestinian Nationalism: From Secularism to Islam DAN STOENESCU For most of the last half of the 20th century to nowadays, Palestinian nationalism puzzled Middle Eastern scholars. Although it was not as old as Arab nationalism, Palestinian nationalism fought for independence against Israel and for emancipation of Palestinians in the countries they sought refuge in. As opposed to other kinds of nationalisms, Palestinian nationalism is intrinsically related to the question of the Palestinian refugees. Palestinian nationalism is in great part the product of the refu- gee camps, intellectuals in the Diaspora and freedom fighters, many of whom were refugees or internally displaced people. The timeline for the development of Pales- tinian nationalism starts in 1948 when Israel declared its independence and contin- ues to develop in the regional context of the Middle East. In the 1950s and 1960s it is influence by Nasser’s Pan-Arabism.
    [Show full text]
  • Income Tax Ordinance [New Version] 5721-1961
    Disclaimer : The Following is an unofficial translation, and not necessarily an updated one. The binding version is the official Hebrew text. Readers are consequently advised to consult qualified professional counsel before making any decision in connection with the enactment, which is here presented in translation for their general information only. INCOME TAX ORDINANCE [NEW VERSION] 5721-1961 PART ONE – INTERPRETATION Definitions 1. In this Ordinance – "person" – includes a company and a body of persons, as defined in this section; "house property", in an urban area – within its meaning in the Urban Property Ordinance 1940; "Exchange" – a securities exchange, to which a license was given under section 45 of the Securities Law, or a securities exchange abroad, which was approved by whoever is entitled to approve it under the statutes of the State where it functions, and also an organized market – in Israel or abroad – except when there is an explicitly different provision; "spouse" – a married person who lives and manages a joint household with the person to whom he is married; "registered spouse" – a spouse designated or selected under section 64B; "industrial building ", in an area that is not urban – within its meaning in the Rural Property Tax Ordinance 1942; "retirement age" – the retirement age, within its meaning in the Retirement Age Law 5764-2004; "income" – a person's total income from the sources specified in sections 2 and together with amounts in respect of which any statute provides that they be treated as income for purposes
    [Show full text]
  • From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's Wars in Gaza
    From Cast Lead to Protective Edge Lessons from Israel’s Wars in Gaza Raphael S. Cohen, David E. Johnson, David E. Thaler, Brenna Allen, Elizabeth M. Bartels, James Cahill, Shira Efron C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1888 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9787-3 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise): Nir Elias/Reuters; Amir Cohen/Reuters; Abu Mustafa/Reuters; Tsafrir Abayov/AP Photo Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report examines the Israel Defense Forces operations in Gaza from the end of Operation Cast Lead in 2009 through Operation Pillar of Defense in 2012 to Operation Protective Edge in 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaza Settler Relocation: New Progress, Ongoing Complications
    MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 504 Gaza Settler Relocation: New Progress, Ongoing Complications Jun 15, 2005 Brief Analysis mong the challenges facing the Israeli government in the weeks before the Gaza disengagement commences A are relocating evacuated settlers and determining the future of settlement assets. This PeaceWatch will examine the former issue; a future PeaceWatch will address the latter. Settler Compensation On June 9, 2005, the Israeli supreme court handed down judgment on twelve petitions challenging the Evacuation Compensation Law. Although the court upheld the legality of the disengagement, it offered additional support to the settlers, increasing the amount of aid for relocation. The decision is expected to increase the number of settlers entering into relocation and compensation negotiations with the government. In general, settlers have been given three choices for the manner in which they relocate: they can move as a community, they can resettle anywhere in Israel on an individual basis, or they can take advantage of additional incentives to relocate to empty homesteads in the sparsely populated Negev or Galilee. One means of evaluating settler attitudes and intentions toward these and other options is by observing their degree of preparation for resettlement. Taking concrete steps to ensure that they will be comfortably relocated within Israel proper demonstrates a degree of pragmatism on their part, regardless of their ideological opposition to disengagement. Accordingly, although the settler leadership dismissed the court's ruling, cracks have begun to show among the residents of Gush Katif, a cluster of ideologically conservative settlements in the southwest corner of Gaza. If the government can reach an agreement with them regarding their future homes in the near term, it could decrease the intensity of the opposition expected to erupt once the disengagement begins.
    [Show full text]
  • MENA-Projektet
    MENA-projektet The Palestinian Refugees: after five decades of betrayal – time at last? Author: Thomas Hammarberg Study paper 16, 2000 UD MENA-projektet The Palestinian Refugees: after five decades of betrayal – time at last? Author: Thomas Hammarberg 1 Text: Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Middle East and North Africa Department, MENA-projektet Layout and cover: Maria Beckius, Editorial office Article No. UD 00.113 ISBN: 91-7496-218-3 Printed at Norstedts Tryckeri AB, 2000 2 Foreword In the autumn of 1998, the Foreign Ministry appointed a project group to carry out an in-depth study of the political, economic and social conditions in the Middle East and North Africa. The project has in- volved a number of written studies, including this present one. The contents of these studies are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the FM on the issues in ques- tion. This paper concerns the issue of the Palestinian refugees, their situ- ation and the attempts to claim their short and long-term rights. One purpose of the paper is to give a certain amount of factual background, although its main intention is to analyse the possibilities of reaching a genuine agreement – and what such a solution would demand of both parties involved as well as the international community. Including us. The paper was finalised in September 2000, after the July negotia- tions in Camp David. Its author, Ambassador Thomas Hammarberg, has been the Swedish representative in the refugee group of the mul- tilateral peace process, the Refugee Working Group, since 1994.
    [Show full text]