DOCSLIB.ORG

Measuring the Return on Howe Sound's Ecosystem

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Measuring the Return on Howe Sound's Ecosystem Sound Investment MEASURING THE RETURN ON HOWE SOUND’S ECOSYSTEM ASSETS FEBRUARY 2015 SOUND INVESTMENT: MEASURING THE RETURN ON HOWE SOUND’S ECOSYSTEM ASSETS February 2015 by Michelle Molnar Prepared with the support of the Sitka Foundation Graphic design by Nadene Rehnby and Pete Tuepah handsonpublications.com Cover photos: Top by Kris Krüg, centre by Tom Holbrook, and bottom Doug Morris, courtesy Flickr/Creative Commons. ISBN digital: 978-1-897375-82-2 print: 978-1-897375-85-3 Download this free report at davidsuzuki.org Suite 219, 2211 West 4th Avenue Vancouver, B.C. V6K 4S2 T: 604.732.4228 E: [email protected] www.davidsuzuki.org Contents PHOTO: KRIS KRÜG EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................6 PART 1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................9 Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital Explained .....................................................9 Why is it important to measure natural capital? ..........................................................9 Study Area Rationale ......................................................................................................10 A Living Document .........................................................................................................11 PART 2 OVERVIEW OF STUDY AREA ........................................................................................12 Geography .......................................................................................................................12 Population and Economy ...............................................................................................14 Regional Biodiversity ..................................................................................................... 17 Threats to Regional Biodiversity ...................................................................................22 PART 3 METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................................24 Natural Capital Valuation Framework ...........................................................................24 Study Limitations ...........................................................................................................28 PART 4 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF HOWE SOUND ..................................................................29 Food Provisioning ...........................................................................................................29 Clean Water ......................................................................................................................30 Disturbance Regulation .................................................................................................32 Nutrient Cycling ..............................................................................................................33 Gas and Climate Regulation ..........................................................................................34 Air Purification .................................................................................................................36 Waste Treatment .............................................................................................................38 Habitat..............................................................................................................................39 Recreation and Tourism .................................................................................................42 Education .........................................................................................................................46 PART 5 VALUATION OF HOWE SOUND .....................................................................................47 Quantification of Terrestrial and Aquatic Cover Classes .............................................48 Land Cover Class Values ................................................................................................50 Summary of Values ........................................................................................................52 PART 6 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 56 APPENDIX A: Land/Water Cover Sources ..................................................................................... 58 APPENDIX B: Primary Studies ........................................................................................................61 APPENDIX C: Detailed Ecosystem Service Tables ....................................................................... 70 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................................................74 FIGURES Figure 1: Howe Sound Study Area ................................................................................................13 Figure 2: Communities of the Howe Sound Study Area .............................................................14 Figure 3: Projected Growth Rates, 2011 – 2036 .........................................................................15 Figure 4: Terrestrial Resources of Howe Sound ..........................................................................19 Figure 5: Marine Resources in Howe Sound ............................................................................... 21 Figure 6: Proposed Industrial Activities in the Study Area ........................................................23 Figure 7: Age of Trees in Study Area .............................................................................................37 Figure 8: Wildlife Resources .........................................................................................................40 Figure 9: Tourism Activities Within Howe Sound ........................................................................43 TABLES Table 1: Experienced Labour Force by Occupation, 2006 .........................................................16 Table 2: Status of Biogeoclimatic Zones Within the Study Area ................................................18 Table 3: TEEB Typology for Ecosystem Services ........................................................................25 Table 4: Valuation Methods Used to Value Ecosystem Services in Primary Studies ..............26 Table 5: Valuation Method Used by Benefit Type ........................................................................27 Table 6: Studies Used to Value Food Provisioning ......................................................................30 Table 7: Studies Used to Value Clean Water Provisioning ...........................................................31 Table 8: Studies Used to Value Disturbance Regulation.............................................................33 Table 9: Studies Used to Value Nutrient Cycling..........................................................................34 Table 10: Studies Used to Value Carbon Sequestration ..............................................................35 Table 11: Studies Used to Value Carbon Storage .........................................................................35 Table 12: Studies Used to Value Air Purification ..........................................................................36 Table 13: Studies Used to Value Waste Treatment ......................................................................38 Table 14: Studies Used to Value Habitat .......................................................................................41 Table 15: Studies Used to Value Recreation and Tourism ..........................................................44 Table 16: Studies Used to Value Education ..................................................................................46 Table 17: Total Hectares by Land/Water Cover Class in the Study Area ....................................49 Table 18: Ecosystem Services Valued and/or Identified in Howe Sound .................................51 Table 19: Summary of Values of Ecosystem Benefits by Land/Water Cover (2014 C$) ........52 Table 20: High and Low $/Hectare Estimates for Wetland and Beach (2014 C$) ..................53 Table 21: Summary of Values of Ecosystem Services by Benefit (2014 C$) ..........................54 Table 22: Net Present Values for Ecosystem Benefits (2014 C$) ............................................55 Table 23: Summary of Values of Ecosystem Services by Benefit (2014 C$) ..........................70 Table 24: Land Cover Values for Howe Sound Ecosystems .......................................................72 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank the contributions of numerous individuals for their assistance in creating this report. First and foremost, I wish to acknowledge the Sitka Foundation, who made this report possible. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Bob Plummer (Smart Map Services) for creating the maps contained in this report; Donna Gibbs, Jeff Marliave, and Jes- sica Schultz (Vancouver Aquarium) for providing data observations and reviewing information on marine resources in the study region; Jan Hagedorn and Kate Emmings Th e Peace D ASSESSING THE EC ivi ONOM de IC VALUE nd OF ECOSYSTEM S IN B.C.’s PEACE R (Islands Trust) for providing mapping data on nature reserves and eelgrass beds; IVER WATERSHED Geoff Senichenko (Wilderness Committee) for sharing mapping data on the study area;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • British Columbia Regional Guide Cat
    National Marine Weather Guide British Columbia Regional Guide Cat. No. En56-240/3-2015E-PDF 978-1-100-25953-6 Terms of Usage Information contained in this publication or product may be reproduced, in part or in whole, and by any means, for personal or public non-commercial purposes, without charge or further permission, unless otherwise specified. You are asked to: • Exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; • Indicate both the complete title of the materials reproduced, as well as the author organization; and • Indicate that the reproduction is a copy of an official work that is published by the Government of Canada and that the reproduction has not been produced in affiliation with or with the endorsement of the Government of Canada. Commercial reproduction and distribution is prohibited except with written permission from the author. For more information, please contact Environment Canada’s Inquiry Centre at 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada only) or 819-997-2800 or email to [email protected]. Disclaimer: Her Majesty is not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in the reproduced material. Her Majesty shall at all times be indemnified and held harmless against any and all claims whatsoever arising out of negligence or other fault in the use of the information contained in this publication or product. Photo credits Cover Left: Chris Gibbons Cover Center: Chris Gibbons Cover Right: Ed Goski Page I: Ed Goski Page II: top left - Chris Gibbons, top right - Matt MacDonald, bottom - André Besson Page VI: Chris Gibbons Page 1: Chris Gibbons Page 5: Lisa West Page 8: Matt MacDonald Page 13: André Besson Page 15: Chris Gibbons Page 42: Lisa West Page 49: Chris Gibbons Page 119: Lisa West Page 138: Matt MacDonald Page 142: Matt MacDonald Acknowledgments Without the works of Owen Lange, this chapter would not have been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • A Nitrogen Budget for the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, with Emphasis on Particulate Nitrogen and Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen
    Biogeosciences, 10, 7179–7194, 2013 Open Access www.biogeosciences.net/10/7179/2013/ doi:10.5194/bg-10-7179-2013 Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. A nitrogen budget for the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, with emphasis on particulate nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen J. N. Sutton1,2, S. C. Johannessen1, and R. W. Macdonald1 1Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 4B2, Canada 2Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA Correspondence to: J. N. Sutton ([email protected]) Received: 6 March 2013 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 23 April 2013 Revised: 29 September 2013 – Accepted: 10 October 2013 – Published: 12 November 2013 Abstract. Balanced budgets for dissolved inorganic N (DIN) 1 Introduction and particulate N (PN) were constructed for the Strait of Georgia (SoG), a semi-enclosed coastal sea off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada. The dominant control on the The nitrogen (N) cycle is a crucial underpinning of marine N budget is the advection of DIN into and out of the SoG biological productivity (Gruber and Galloway, 2008). Dur- via Haro Strait. The annual influx of DIN by advection from ing the past 150 yr, the global N cycle has been dramati- the Pacific Ocean is 29 990 (±19 500) Mmol yr−1. The DIN cally changed by human activities that have loaded reactive N flux advected out of the SoG is 24 300 (±15 500) Mmol yr−1. into ecosystems in amounts that rival natural sources (Rabal- Most of the DIN that enters the SoG (∼ 23 400 Mmol yr−1) ais, 2002; Galloway et al., 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Skwelwil'em Squamish Estuary Wildlife Management Plan
    M ANAGEMENT LAN P August 2007 Skwelwil’em Squamish Estuary Ministry of Environment, Environmental Stewardship Wildlife Management Area Division Front cover photo provided by Edith Tobe. Skwelwil’em Squamish Estuary Wildlife Management Area M ANAGEMENT LAN P Prepared by Lower Mainland Region Environmental Stewardship Division Skwelwil’em Squamish Estuary Wildlife Management Area Management Plan Approved by: ______________________________ Date:_________________ Regional Manager Environmental Stewardship Division Table of Contents: Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................- 3 - Executive Summary....................................................................................................- 4 - 1.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................- 5 - 1.1 WMA Planning Process....................................................................................- 5 - 1.2 Background Summary ......................................................................................- 6 - 1.3 Relationship to Other Planning Processes ........................................................- 8 - 1.4 Management Issues...........................................................................................- 8 - 1.5 Zoning/Management Units ...............................................................................- 9 - 2.0 Role of the Wildlife Management Area..............................................................-
    [Show full text]
  • Five Easy Pieces on the Strait of Georgia – Reflections on the Historical Geography of the North Salish Sea
    FIVE EASY PIECES ON THE STRAIT OF GEORGIA – REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE NORTH SALISH SEA by HOWARD MACDONALD STEWART B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1975 M.Sc., York University, 1980 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Geography) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) October 2014 © Howard Macdonald Stewart, 2014 Abstract This study presents five parallel, interwoven histories of evolving relations between humans and the rest of nature around the Strait of Georgia or North Salish Sea between the 1850s and the 1980s. Together they comprise a complex but coherent portrait of Canada’s most heavily populated coastal zone. Home to about 10% of Canada’s contemporary population, the region defined by this inland sea has been greatly influenced by its relations with the Strait, which is itself the focus of a number of escalating struggles between stakeholders. This study was motivated by a conviction that understanding this region and the sea at the centre of it, the struggles and their stakeholders, requires understanding of at least these five key elements of the Strait’s modern history. Drawing on a range of archival and secondary sources, the study depicts the Strait in relation to human movement, the Strait as a locus for colonial dispossession of indigenous people, the Strait as a multi-faceted resource mine, the Strait as a valuable waste dump and the Strait as a place for recreation / re-creation. Each of these five dimensions of the Strait’s history was most prominent at a different point in the overall period considered and constantly changing relations among the five narratives are an important focus of the analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Squamish Oceanfront Development Lands
    CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION MEMORANDUM SQUAMISH OCEANFRONT DEVELOPMENT LANDS SQUAMISH, BRITISH COLUMBIA OCTOBER 2012 1 SQUAMISH OCEANFRONT DEVELOPMENT LANDS TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 PROPERTY OVERVIEW 5 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT 12 TECHNICAL DETAILS 19 LOCATION 22 OFFERING PROCESS & CONDITIONS 29 CUSHMAN & WAKEFIELD 2 STAWAMUS CHIEF SEA-TO-SKY HIGHWAY SQUAMISH OCEANFRONT DEVELOPMENT LANDS DOWNTOWN SQUAMISH 3 SQUAMISH OCEANFRONT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEVELOPMENT LANDS Largest waterfront development site in Lower Mainland OPPORTUNITY The Squamish Oceanfront Development Corporation (“SODC”, “Vendor”, “Owner”) has engaged Cushman & Wakefield Ltd. (“C&W”, “Agent”, “Advisor”) on an exclusive basis to arrange a joint-venture partnership or a sale of 100% freehold interest in 59.1 acres of land and 44.0 acres of water lots located at the southern portion of the Squamish Peninsula in the District of Squamish, British Columbia, Canada (“Property”, “SODC Lands”). SODC is wholly owned subsidiary of the District of Squamish. The Property represents a truly one-of-a-kind opportunity to acquire a spectacular ocean waterfront site in a rapidly growing city located between the two world-class destinations of Vancouver and Whistler. As reflected in the recently adopted Squamish Oceanfront Peninsula Sub-Area Plan, the SODC Lands are expected to be the centerpiece for future growth in Squamish. Calling for mixed-use development with total buildable density of 2.05 million square feet, including 1.2 million square feet (1,136 units) of residential, the District of Squamish Mayor and Council fully support the development and revitalization of the SODC Lands. The Owner has elected not to establish an asking price for the Property, inviting prospective purchasers to submit appropriate joint-venture proposals or purchase offers.
    [Show full text]
  • Oceanography of the British Columbia Coast
    CANADIAN SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES 56 DFO - L bra y / MPO B bliothèque Oceanography RI II I 111 II I I II 12038889 of the British Columbia Coast Cover photograph West Coast Moresby Island by Dr. Pat McLaren, Pacific Geoscience Centre, Sidney, B.C. CANADIAN SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES 56 Oceanography of the British Columbia Coast RICHARD E. THOMSON Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ocean Physics Division Institute of Ocean Sciences Sidney, British Columbia DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS Ottawa 1981 ©Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1981 Available from authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores, or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Service Canada, Hull, Que. K1A 0S9 Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public librairies across Canada Canada: $19.95 Catalog No. FS41-31/56E ISBN 0-660-10978-6 Other countries:$23.95 ISSN 0706-6481 Prices subject to change without notice Printed in Canada Thorn Press Ltd. Correct citation for this publication: THOMSON, R. E. 1981. Oceanography of the British Columbia coast. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56: 291 p. for Justine and Karen Contents FOREWORD BACKGROUND INFORMATION Introduction Acknowledgments xi Abstract/Résumé xii PART I HISTORY AND NATURE OF THE COAST Chapter 5. Upwelling: Bringing Cold Water to the Surface Chapter 1. Historical Setting Causes of Upwelling 79 Origin of the Oceans 1 Localized Effects 82 Drifting Continents 2 Climate 83 Evolution of the Coast 6 Fishing Grounds 83 Early Exploration 9 El Nifio 83 Chapter 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Squamish Estuary Conservation Society'
    #3 @ Squamish Estuary Conservation Society’ ._/\/'\. %-Z\Z' Box 2285 Telephone: \-/'\./ Squomish, a.c. (604)393-3747 vow aoo 892-5849 April 28, 1982 ' PUBLIC SUBMISSION to the Public Involvement Work Group, Sguamish Estuagy Management Plan. The Squamish Estuary Conservation Society (SECS) has done an assessment of the Estuary Draft Plan and come to some conclusions about the recommendations within it. Members feel that classifying the East Delta as a "Planning Assessment" area subject to possible industrial uses is a mistake and that it should be left strictly alone as a conservation area. C. Rail intends to expand their classification yard into the B. seen there Trum ter Swan habitat at Wilson Slou . The swans are food and pop- every day for mont s on en . ey nee the habitat for ulation stability. Breaching the training dyke could revitalize ‘ this old channel for fish as well. boxcars .g But B. C. Rail sees room there for 50 tracks and 2000 way class— a day according to Vice President Gordon Ritchie. ra yard of this magnitude which could easily‘be situated ification serenity of elsewhere would destroy this habitat and the suburban not allow the Dentville-Wilson Crescent area. The residents will this to happen. admits that this is "pie in the sky dreaming... Mr. Rithhie April 16, looking into the year 2000", quoting from his submission of The alternative, he admits, would be a classifir 1980 to the PING. we solidly cation yard at Lilloet or Kelly Lake further up the line. option. The present danger is that the intended alien- support this to ation of the Wilson Slough area by B.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas in The
    Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Research Document 2014/100 Pacific Region Identification of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas in the Strait of Georgia and off the West Coast of Vancouver Island: Phase I - Identification of Important Areas Chantal Levesque and Glen S. Jamieson Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Biological Station 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7 January 2015 Foreword This series documents the scientific basis for the evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems in Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of the day in the time frames required and the documents it contains are not intended as definitive statements on the subjects addressed but rather as progress reports on ongoing investigations. Research documents are produced in the official language in which they are provided to the Secretariat. Published by: Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat 200 Kent Street Ottawa ON K1A 0E6 http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/ [email protected] © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2015 ISSN 1919-5044 Correct citation for this publication: Levesque, C and Jamieson, G.S. 2015. Identification of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas in the Strait of Georgia and off the West Coast of Vancouver Island: Phase I - Identification of Important Areas. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2014/100. viii + 68 p. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Eelgrass Mapping Review
    Eelgrass Mapping Review: Eelgrass Mapping Initiatives in Coastal British Columbia March 2003 For: Gretchen Harlow Canadian Wildlife Service 5421 Robertson Road Delta, B.C. V4K 3N2 By: Katherine Dunster, R.P.Bio. Dunster & Associates Environmental Consultants Ltd. P.O. Box 109 Bowen Island, B.C. V0N 1G0 25 March 2003 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 3 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................................................ 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 STUDY LIMITATIONS....................................................................................................... 5 1.2 METHODS........................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 RESULTS............................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.1 COARSE-SCALE MAPPING GAPS................................................................................ 8 1.3.2 FINE-SCALE MAPPING GAPS....................................................................................... 9 1.4 RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................... 10 1.4.1 BUILDING THE WORKING GROUP NETWORK .....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 Seasonal Weather and Local Effects
    BC-E 11/12/05 11:28 PM Page 75 LAKP-British Columbia 75 Chapter 4 Seasonal Weather and Local Effects Introduction 10,000 FT 7000 FT 5000 FT 3000 FT 2000 FT 1500 FT 1000 FT WATSON LAKE 600 FT 300 FT DEASE LAKE 0 SEA LEVEL FORT NELSON WARE INGENIKA MASSET PRINCE RUPERT TERRACE SANDSPIT SMITHERS FORT ST JOHN MACKENZIE BELLA BELLA PRINCE GEORGE PORT HARDY PUNTZI MOUNTAIN WILLAMS LAKE VALEMOUNT CAMPBELL RIVER COMOX TOFINO KAMLOOPS GOLDEN LYTTON NANAIMO VERNON KELOWNA FAIRMONT VICTORIA PENTICTON CASTLEGAR CRANBROOK Map 4-1 - Topography of GFACN31 Domain This chapter is devoted to local weather hazards and effects observed in the GFACN31 area of responsibility. After extensive discussions with weather forecasters, FSS personnel, pilots and dispatchers, the most common and verifiable hazards are listed. BC-E 11/12/05 11:28 PM Page 76 76 CHAPTER FOUR Most weather hazards are described in symbols on the many maps along with a brief textual description located beneath it. In other cases, the weather phenomena are better described in words. Table 3 (page 74 and 207) provides a legend for the various symbols used throughout the local weather sections. South Coast 10,000 FT 7000 FT 5000 FT 3000 FT PORT HARDY 2000 FT 1500 FT 1000 FT 600 FT 300 FT 0 SEA LEVEL CAMPBELL RIVER COMOX PEMBERTON TOFINO VANCOUVER HOPE NANAIMO ABBOTSFORD VICTORIA Map 4-2 - South Coast For most of the year, the winds over the South Coast of BC are predominately from the southwest to west. During the summer, however, the Pacific High builds north- ward over the offshore waters altering the winds to more of a north to northwest flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Sailing Directions Pictograph Legend
    Fisheries and Oceans Pêches et Océans Canada Canada Corrected to Monthly Edition No. 02/2021 PAC 200 SECOND EDITION General Information Pacific Coast Sailing Directions Pictograph legend Anchorage Wharf Marina Current Caution Light Radio calling-in point Lifesaving station Pilotage Canadian Coast Guard Search and Rescue Pacific 1-800-567-5111 1-250-413-8933 or Cell #727 Environmental Emergencies Pacific 1-800-889-8852 1-604-666-6011 Boating Safety Infoline 1-604-666-2681 Pacific 1-800-267-6687 National Office Department of Fisheries and Oceans information line 1-613-993-0999 Cover photograph Offshore Fishery and Oceanographic Research Vessel CCGS John P. Tully Patricia Bay, North Saanich, B.C. Photo by: TRG Graphics, Brentwood Bay, B.C. B O O K L E T P A C 2 0 0 Corrected to Monthly Edition No. 02/2021 Sailing Directions General Information Pacific Coast Second Edition 2006 Fisheries and Oceans Canada Users of this publication are requested to forward information regarding newly discovered dangers, changes in aids to navigation, the existence of new shoals or channels, printing errors, or other information that would be useful for the correction of nautical charts and hydrographic publications affecting Canadian waters to: Director General Canadian Hydrographic Service Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1A 0E6 The Canadian Hydrographic Service produces and distributes Nautical Charts, Sailing Directions, Small Craft Guides, Canadian Tide and Current Tables and the Atlas of Tidal Currents of the navigable waters of Canada. These publications are available from authorized Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart Dealers. Visit the CHS web site for dealer location and related information at: www.charts.gc.ca You can also contact our distribution office: Hydrographic Chart Distribution Office Canadian Hydrographic Service Fisheries and Oceans Canada 200 Kent Street Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1A 0E6 Phone: 613-998-4931 Toll free: 1-866-546-3613 Fax: 613-998-1217 E-mail: [email protected] © Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2006 Catalogue No.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham Research Online
    Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 16 October 2018 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Gales, J. and Talling, P.J. and Cartigny, M.J.B. and Hughes Clarke, J. and Lintern, G. and Stacey, C. and Clare, M.A. (2019) 'What controls submarine channel development and the morphology of deltas entering deep-water fjords?', Earth surface processes and landforms., 44 (2). pp. 535-551. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4515 Publisher's copyright statement: This is the accepted version of the following article: Gales, J., Talling, P.J., Cartigny, M.J.B., Hughes Clarke, J., Lintern, G., Stacey, C. Clare, M.A. (2019). What controls submarine channel development and the morphology of deltas entering deep-water fjords? Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44(2): 535-551 which has been published in nal form at https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4515. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.
    [Show full text]