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A Study of the Artisanal Fishing Community of Chorrillos, Peru Héctor Andrés Bombiella Medina Iowa State University

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A Study of the Artisanal Fishing Community of Chorrillos, Peru Héctor Andrés Bombiella Medina Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2016 Place-based communities and neoliberalism: a study of the artisanal fishing community of Chorrillos, Peru Héctor Andrés Bombiella Medina Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Latin American Languages and Societies Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Recommended Citation Bombiella Medina, Héctor Andrés, "Place-based communities and neoliberalism: a study of the artisanal fishing community of Chorrillos, Peru" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15111. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15111 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Place-based communities and neoliberalism: A study of the artisanal fishing community of Chorrillos, Peru by Héctor Andrés Bombiella Medina A dissertation submitted to the committee in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Sustainable Agriculture Program of Study Committee: Maximilian Viatori, Co-Major Professor Jan Flora, Co-Major Professor Cornelia Flora Elisa Rizo Christina Gish Hill Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2016 ii DEDICATION Dedicado a mi madre, Cecilia Medina, por su amor incondicional; por enseñarme que con disciplina y esfuerzo se pueden lograr todas las metas propuestas. A mi padre, Héctor Bombiella, por mostrarme que con buena energía, actitud positiva y creatividad, todo es posible. A mi hermana, Maritza Cecilia, por creer en mi, por escucharme y darme siempre fuerza y esperanza. A mi abuelita por su conversación. Y a Angélica Reina, mi compañera de vida, por tu amor, consideración y cariño; por tu claridad y apoyo permanente durante los momentos más difíciles de este largo proceso. A toda la comunidad de la caleta de pescadores artesanales de Chorrillos “José Silverio Olaya Balandra” y en especial a los pescadores, “los dueños del mar,” por acogerme y permitirme ser uno más de ustedes. Por mostrarme a través de la pesca y sus palabras, el valor de la vida y la virtud del trabajo . A todos aquellos que sin serlo, tienen alma y corazón de pescador, y saben que para sobreponerse a las vicisitudes de la pesca y de la vida, la paciencia y el buen humor son el mejor remedio. A todos ustedes les dedico esta tesis doctoral iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ iii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TERMS ........................................................................................................................ vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Statement of the problem .......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Research questions ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Purpose of the study .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Significance of the study ............................................................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................. 10 2.1 Political ecology .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Place-based (ecological) communities .............................................................................................................. 15 2.3 Urban (political) ecologies and urban social movements ........................................................................ 25 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 34 3.1 Artisanal fishing community of Chorrillos ...................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Preliminary Topics of Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 48 3.3 Other artisanal fishing communities in Peru ................................................................................................. 50 3.4 Outside stakeholders of the fishing sector ...................................................................................................... 51 3.5 Data analysis ................................................................................................................................................................. 52 CHAPTER 4: CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM ............................. 54 4.1 Artisanal fishing as a global issue ........................................................................................................................ 54 4.2 Artisanal fishing and neoliberalism ................................................................................................................... 58 4.3 Fishing for subsistence in Africa .......................................................................................................................... 62 4.4 Fishing from the countryside in Colombia ...................................................................................................... 63 4.5 Peru .................................................................................................................................................................................. 65 4.5.1 Fishing for subsistence in a nascent divided republic (~1850s-1950s) ................................... 66 4.5.2 Fishing for food or fishing for feed in an export-oriented economy (~1950s-1990s) ....... 70 4.5.3 Fishing for business and a fractured sector (~1990-today) .......................................................... 74 4.6 Social movements and organizations in Peru ................................................................................................ 80 4.7 How the fishmeal international market shaped the Peruvian domestic fishing industry .......... 83 4.8 Peruvian artisanal fishing: main problems, responses and neoliberal constraints ...................... 86 4.9 Fishing in the bay of Chorrillos ............................................................................................................................ 92 4.10 Chorrillos as an artisanal fishing community and ideal research site .............................................. 95 iv CHAPTER 5: THE DOCK OF CHORRILLOS ................................................................... 105 5.1 Initial coding overview ......................................................................................................................................... 108 5.2 Second wave and final categories of analysis ............................................................................................. 111 5.2.1 Work process ................................................................................................................................................... 111 5.2.1.1 A fisher is a hunter, and fishing is a gamble .................................................................................................. 113 5.2.1.2 Fish value chain ......................................................................................................................................................... 116 5.2.2 Work setting ..................................................................................................................................................... 119 5.2.2.1 Family tradition ......................................................................................................................................................... 124 5.2.3 Context of ecosystem change .................................................................................................................... 134 5.2.3.1 Overfishing and the boliches problem. ............................................................................................................. 136 5.2.3.2 Alternatives to fishing ............................................................................................................................................
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