BİRKAÇ SÖZ Foreword / Par L’Éditeur

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BİRKAÇ SÖZ Foreword / Par L’Éditeur BİRKAÇ SÖZ Foreword / Par l’éditeur Merhaba sevgili okur, ise 20 Haziran 2012 tarihinde üniversi- Millî Folklor, 24. yayın yılında 94. telerindeki resmî görevlerinden emekli sayısıyla ellerinizde. olarak ayrılmışlardır. Her iki hocamıza Bu sayıda hakemlik süreçlerini da dergimize ve halkbilimine yapmış başarıyla tamamlayan 14 özlü yazı, 2 oldukları değerli katkılar için teşekkür çeviri, 5 derleme ve 1 tanıtma yazısına ederiz. Bilindiği üzere dergimiz halk- yer verdik. Dergimizin bu sayısında yer bilimine yapmış olduğu değerli katkı- alan özlü yazılardan üçü, kimlik ve sözlü lar nedeniyle, emekli olan hocalarımı- tarih ilişkisini sorgularken ikisi de grup za armağan sayı hazırlama geleneğini folklorunu tartışmaya açmaktadır. Halk sürdürmektedir. Bu kapsamda 2013 anlatmalarından şair tezkirelerine, alan yılının Bahar sayısı Prof. Dr. Mustafa çalışmasının değişen bağlamından çocuk Cemiloğlu, 2014 yılının Bahar sayısı oyunlarına, el sanatlarından Türk mut- ise Prof. Dr. Fikret Türkmen Armağanı fağına ve sağlık antropolojisine kadar olarak yayımlanacaktır. Hatırlanacağı çok farklı alanları analitik bakış açıla- üzere dergimizde yer alan bu duyuru rıyla ele alan diğer yazılarımızı ilgiyle armağan sayıya katılmak isteyenlere okuyacağınıza inanıyoruz. Dergimizin çağrı niteliğinde olup, başka bir yöntem- çeviri köşesinde mit-ritüel tartışmaları- le yazı talep edilmemektedir. na yeni bir bakış kazandıracak Dinsel Mit-Ritüel kuramına ilişkin bir yazı ile 2013: Folklor’un 100. Yılı Özel kırsalı çağrıştıran folk/halk ile kenti Sayısı çağrıştıran pop kültürü arasındaki iliş- Bilindiği üzere, 1913 yılı Ziya kiyi müzik üzerinden okumayı amaçla- Gökalp’ın Halka Doğru dergisinde yan bir yazıya yer verdik. Derlemeler yayımladığı “Halk Medeniyeti-1” başlıklı köşemizde Kıbrıs, Konya, Çanakkale’de yazıda İngilizce folklor terimine Türkçe ölümle ilgili anlatımlar, keçecilik, sün- karşılık olarak halkiyatı önerdiği yıldır. net gelenekleri, alet isimleri ve köy 2013 yılı ise folklor tarihi için bu önemli seyirlik oyunları üzerine yapılan der- ve anlamlı önerinin 100. yıldönümüdür. lemelere ilişkin yazılar yer almakta- Bu nedenle, 2013 yılının Güz sayısı- dır. Son olarak tanıtmalar köşemizde nın “Ziya Gökalp ve Folklor, Folklor Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Öğretim ve Yerine Önerilen Terimler, Folklorda Üyesi Doğan Kaya’nın Sivas çocuk oyun- Terminoloji Sorunları”na yönelik konu- ları üzerine kaleme aldığı Çöm Çöm ları işleyen yazılara yer vereceğiz. Bu Çömbelek: Sivas Çocuk Oyunları adlı yazı Özel Sayıya katılmak isteyenlere kitabının tanıtımı yer almaktadır. çağrı niteliğindedir. 95. sayıda buluşmak dileğiyle… Prof. Dr. Mustafa Cemiloğlu M. Öcal Oğuz ve Prof. Dr. Fikret Türkmen Yayın Yönetmeni Armağanları Dergimizin danışman ve hakem- lerinden Uludağ Üniversitesi öğretim Üyesi Prof. Dr. Mustafa Cemiloğlu, 27 Mayıs 2010, Prof. Dr. Fikret Türkmen 4 http://www.millifolklor.com HALK BİLİMİ ÇALIŞMALARININ GELİŞİMİNE PARALEL OLARAK “ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI” KAVRAMINI YENİDEN DÜŞÜNMEK Reconsideration of the Concept of Field Research in Parallel with the Progress of Studies in Folkloristics Doç. Dr. Ruhi ERSOY* ÖZ Bu makalede halk bilimi çalışmalarında alan araştırması ve alan kavramlarının kazandığı yeni anlamlar ele alınmıştır. Bireyi ve toplumu konu edinen disiplinler, çağın şartlarıyla birlikte ortaya çıkan sosyal değişmeye paralel olarak kendilerini yenilemek durumundadır. Bu yenileme süreci, il- gili alanda kullanılan metodoloji başta olmak üzere, kavramlar ve üretilen yeni teknik ve terimler noktasında da olabilir. Halk bilimi özelinde alan araştırması kavramı, bu yenileme süreci için uygun bir örnek olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. On dokuzuncu yüzyıldan günümüze eğrilen süreçte sosyal değişmeye paralel olarak halk algısı değişmiş, halk bilgisinin sınırları genişlemiş ve bir disiplin olarak halk bilimi araştırma metotları geliştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda erken dönem halk bilimi çalışmalarında halk bilgisini derleme yeri olarak alan/saha, folklor malzemesinin çıplak gözle izlenebildiği ve tasnif edilebildiği sosyal ve fizikî mekânlarken, teknoloji ve sosyal değişme, folklor unsurlarına günümüzde yeni yaşam koşullarında, yeniden üretilme ve aktarılma ortamları ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kent folkloru kapsamında yapılan çalışmalarda da görüldüğü üzere çeşitli meslek grupları, eğlence mekânları ya da ilgili herhangi bir sosyal ortam araştırma sahası içerisine dâhil olabilmektedir. Folklor ürünlerinin yeni yaşama ve yeniden yaratılma ortamlarından birisi de elektronik kültür ortamıdır. Bu çerçevede denilebilir ki kültürün üretim ve aktarım biçimleri hem değişmiş hem de çeşitlenmiştir. Böylece halk bilimi çalışmalarında alan/saha kavramının kapsamı da genişlemiştir. Halkbilimciler, ancak kuramsal olarak yeni bir bilimsel paradigma olan disiplinlerarası bakış açısını benimseyerek söz konusu bağlam- da elde edilen halk bilgisini anlama ve anlamlandırma noktasında başarıya ulaşabilecektir. Anah tar Kelimeler Sosyal Değişme, Halk, Alan Araştırması, Kültür Endüstrisi, Disiplinlerarasılık ABST RACT In this article, new dimensions that the concepts field and field research have attained are scru- tinized. Disciplines which concern human and society have to renew themselves in parallel with social change that arises with the conditions of the age. This process of renewal may occur first in the met- hodology used in the field, and in the concepts employed and the terms created newly. The concept of “field research” specifically in folkloristics comes upon us as a structure exemplifying this matter. In the evolved process from the nineteenth century onwards, the perception of folk has changed in parallel with social change, the boundaries of folk lore have been expanded, and folkloristics as a discipline has improved its research methods. In this respect, whereas, in early studies in folkloristics, the room for collecting folk lore was social and physical environment where one could trace and classify folklo- ric material with the naked eye, technology and social change today have provided folkloric elements with the environment for recreation, revival, and transmission. Seen in the studies within the scope of urban folklore, various occupational groups can be involved in entertainment venues or any related social environment research area. One of the environments for the recreation and revival of folklore products comes upon us as electronic culture environment. In this frame, it can be said that forms of creation and transmission of culture have both changed and become varied. Therefore, in the studies in folkloristics, the scope of the concept of area/ field has become expanded. Theoretically adopting inter- disciplinary outlook, which is the new scientific paradigm, folkloristics will succeed in understanding and signification of folk lore. Key Words Social Change, Folk, Fieldwork, Culture Industry, Interdisciplinary, Culture Change * Gazi Üniv. Edebiyat Fak. Türk Halkbilimi Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi, [email protected] http://www.millifolklor.com 5 Millî Folklor, 2012, Yıl 24, Sayı 94 İnsan düşünebilen ve üretebilen ramlarının, yukarıda izaha çalışılan bir canlı olarak, doğayla olan müca- sosyal değişmeyle, sosyal bilimlerde- delesinde ayakta kalabilmiştir. Bu ki değişmenin paralelliği bağlamında mücadeledeki başarısında ortaya çı- yeni boyutlar kazanması ele alınacak- kardığı ürünleri biriktirebilme ve tır. yeni nesillere aktarabilme yeteneği Bir disiplin olarak Avrupa’da de oldukça önemlidir. Bu varoluş sü- şekillenen folklorun doğuşunu hazır- reci insanı, tarihi olan tek canlı türü layan şartlar, coğrafî keşiflere kadar konumuna yükseltmiş ve böylece de uzanmaktadır. Coğrafî keşiflerle baş- insanın, zaman içinde biriktirdikle- layan süreç, Rönesans ve Reform ha- riyle üretebilme kabiliyeti, sürekli bir reketleriyle devam etmiş ve Avrupa döngü içerisinde birleşerek, insanlığın toplumunda köklü yapı ve zihniyet dö- her anlamda ilerlemesini sağlamıştır nüşümünü meydana getirmiştir. Ro- (Özakpınar 1999: 13-20). Bu ilerleyiş, mantik akımla birlikte, “soylu vahşi” insanın sosyal varlığının da devamlı kavramı ortaya atılmış ve halk hayatı- yenilenmesi gerçeğini ortaya koymuş- na olan ilgi artmaya başlamıştır. Daha tur. İnsanın meydana getirdiği teknik sonra Fransız İhtilali milliyetlerin yaratmalar, insanın insanla, insanın araştırılması eğilimlerini yükseltmiş toplumla ve toplumların birbirleriyle ve halk hayatı bu araştırmaların ze- olan münasebetlerini iletişim-aktarım minini teşkil etmiştir (Yıldırım 1998: biçimi ve boyutları bakımından daima 43-60; Oğuz 2010: 1-10; Sevim 2008). dönüştürmüştür. Bu dönüşüm süreci, Ulus devletlerin inşası sürecinde bugünden yarına süreklilik arz edecek önemli bir rol oynayan folklor çalış- bir biçimde devam etmektedir.1 Söz maları (Öztürkmen 1998; Ramnarine konusu bu sosyal değişim, belirli bilgi 2007: 144-153), küreselleşme ve post- alanlarının ortaya çıkmasından itiba- modern süreçle yine gündemden düş- ren; konusu insan, insanın toplumsal meyip kültürel çeşitliliğin korunması, varlığıyla birlikte ürettikleri ve tüket- “kolonyalizm”3 sonrası toplumların al- tikleri olan disiplinlerin de eş zamanlı dıkları yeni kültürel durumların anla- olarak dönüşmesi gerçeğini doğurmuş- şılması bakımdan en fazla malzemeyi tur.2 Bu çerçevede sosyal bilimlerin sağlayan kültürel unsurlar olarak kar- tarihi, insanlığın ürettiği bilgi biriki- şımıza çıkmaktadır (Oğuz 2002: Özde- minin çeşitlenmesi, katmanlaşması mir 2011: 101-115). ve aktarımı süreçlerine paralel olarak İnsan davranışlarını geleneklerle gelişmiştir (Ersoy 2009: 1-25). Sosyal birlikte ele alan ve
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