DOCSLIB.ORG

Physiology News

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Physiology News PHYSIOLOGY NEWS winter 2010 | number 81 Snapshots from A. V. Hill’s photo album Cystic fibrosis – a micromolecular sticky problem Inspiring women – The Society mentoring scheme Parkour – not just a 007 stunt Keep students learning in and out of the lab Empower your students to complete their experiments both in and out of the laboratory. LabTutor 4 Teaching Suite provides remote access to experiments, so students can spend less time in the lab and more time understanding the science. Increase student engagement the lab with access to their own and productivity experiment data. Educators can log in With over 80 interactive experiments, anywhere to review finished 450 exercises and real data acquisition, experiments and reports. LabTutor engages students as it guides them through experiment exercises, Simplified administration for educators analysis and reporting. Centralised administration lets you import student lists, assign any Online preparation, reports & revision combination of experiments to a For the 2010/2011 Academic Year: LabTutor’s Online component lets specific list or course, and update 12 month LabTutor Online trial with new students do pre-lab preparation, experiments on lab computers with PowerLab classrooms. post-lab reporting and revision outside a single action. Free upgrade for LabTutor customers. Get your FREE information kit at labtutor.com/learning UK • GERMANY • USA • BRAZIL • CHILE • INDIA • JAPAN • CHINA • MALAYSIA • NEW ZEALAND • AUSTRALIA UK physiology ad - general.indd 1 29/10/10 1:25 PM PHYSIOLOGY NEWS Editorial Austin Elliott 3 The Society’s dog. ‘Rudolf Magnus Meetings gave me to Charles Sherrington, who Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Themed Meeting gave me to Henry Dale, who gave Jon Robbins, Pat Doherty, Jeremy Ward 4 me to The Physiological Society in Cardiac & Respiratory Physiology Themed Meeting October 1942’ Fahima Syeda, Melissa Brereton 5 Festschrift in honour of Bernd Nilius Thomas Voets 7 Published quarterly by The Physiological Society The biomedical basis of elite performance Paul Greenhaff 8 Contributions and queries Gordon Research Conferences Angus Brown 10 Senior Production Editor 2010 Nobel Prize Jill Berriman Awarded to Professor Robert Edwards 12 Editorial Administrator Interview Maev Fitzpatrick What makes ion channels exciting – a penetrating interview The Physiological Society Publications Office with Bertil Hille Angus Brown 13 PO Box 502, Cambridge CB1 0AL, UK History Tel: +44 (0)1223 400180 Fax: +44 (0)1223 246858 A. V. Hill’s photograph album William Van der Kloot 17 Email: [email protected] Opinion Website: www.physoc.org ‘...and nothing but the truth’. Simon Singh discusses the Magazine Editorial Board peculiar nature of British libel law Simon Singh 22 Book review 23 Editor Austin Elliott Women in Science University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Inspiring women – The Society mentoring scheme Deputy Editor Valerie Gladwell, Louise Robson 24 Patricia de Winter Science News and Views University College London, London, UK Exercise can help rewire the brain: neuroplasticity and motor Members cortex function in physically active individuals Angus Brown John Semmler, John Cirillo 26 University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK The physiology of Casino Royale: proteins to parkour Sarah Hall Martin McDonagh 29 Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Vagal baroreflexes in astronauts during spaceflight Munir Hussain Dwain Eckberg 32 University of Bradford, Bradford, UK Phantom hands: a window into how we perceive limb position John Lee and movement Lee Walsh, Simon Gandevia, Janet Taylor 34 Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham, UK Cystic fibrosis: a lesson in chemistry Thelma Lovick Ruth Muchekehu, Paul Quinton 37 University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Sympathetic nervous system and volume regulatory hormones: Samantha Passey interactions during dehydration JA Rabbitts, N Charkoudian 39 Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK Heart rate regulation during exercise James Fisher, Niels Secher, Foreign Correspondents Paul Fadel 41 John Hanrahan The KATP channel is a molecular sensor of atrophy in skeletal McGill University, Montreal, Canada muscle Domenico Tricarico 44 John Morley Noticeboard 43 University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia Techniques © 2010 The Physiological Society The ‘why’s’ of Western blotting. Part I Patricia Leoni 46 ISSN 1476-7996 (Print) Reports ISSN 2041-6512 (Online) Struggling for breath: latest advances in medical research for asthma patients and their families Steven Forrest 49 The Physiological Society is registered in England as a company limited by guarantee: No 323575. Cystic fibrosis event in Glasgow 50 Registered office: Peer House, Verulam Street, London Science is Vital Rally Liz Bell 50 WC1X 8LZ. From the archives Austin Elliott 51 Registered Charity: No 211585. Unbelievable! 52 Printed by The Lavenham Press Ltd Society Mobile Teaching Unit sponsorship 53 Outreach activity at The Physiological Society Jonathon Holland, Caroline Sunderland, Michelle Sleeth, Andrew Murton 54 Young Physiologists’ Symposium – Neuromodulation Catherine Dunford 57 New Chief Executive Philip Wright 58 Ask a physiologist! 59 The Society’s journals The Journal of Physiology - New Editors 61 Cover image: Mucus retention in uterine Advancing the science of life – glands +/– HCO3 , p.37. PHYSIOLOGY NEWS Action points Guidelines for contributors In this issue Grants These guidelines are intended to assist Welcome to the final Physiology News The Society offers funding authors in writing their contributions of 2010. and to reduce the subsequent editing through the following grant process. The Editorial Board of Summer conference season seems schemes: Travel Grants, Non- Physiology News tries to ensure that all to get ever longer, and now lasts Society Symposia Grants, articles are written in a journalistic style well into September. We have Outreach Grants, International so that they will have an immediate another crop of conference reports Teaching and Research Grants interest value for a wide readership and this time (pp. 4–12), including one and the Vacation Studentship and will be readable and comprehensible to on the Festschrift for former J Physiol non-experts. Scientific articles should Reviewing Editor Bernd Nilius. Departmental Seminar Schemes. give a good overview of a field rather For full information, please visit: than focus entirely on the authors’ own History – of which conferences form www.physoc.org/grants research. a part, certainly in science – can Format of articles sometimes be brought alive by Membership applications The main message or question posed a photographic image. On p. 17 Applications for membership should be introduced in the first Bill Van der Kloot takes us for a to The Physiological Society are paragraph. The background for the fascinating rummage through A.V. considered on a rolling basis, topic should then be established, Hill’s photo album. We also have an and a decision is normally made leading up to the final conclusion. in-depth interview with ion channel pioneer Bertil Hille (p. 13), including within 15 working days. For full Length of articles some reminiscences of the greats of information, please visit: This will be determined by the subject early post-war electrophysiology. www.physoc.org/membership matter and agreed with the Senior Production Editor. Given what some people see as the Is your membership information Submission of articles ever-growing dominance in science correct? Authors should submit articles as a of molecular biology, it is pleasing Word document attached to an email. to see that several of the scientific Please check and update your features in this issue have a human details at www.physoc.org, under Illustrations should be sent as separate attachments (see below) and not physiology theme. There cannot ‘My Physoc Profile’. embedded in the text. be many physiology magazines that can boast the science of James Illustrations and authors’ photographs Bond (p. 29), spaceflight (p. 32) and Authors are encouraged to submit phantom limbs (p. 34) in the same Physiology News diagrams, drawings, photographs or issue! We also continue our popular Deadlines other artwork with their articles and a Methods series with an article I am photograph of the author(s) should tempted to sub-title ‘Everything Letters and articles and all other accompany submissions. Illustrations you always wanted to know about contributions for inclusion in the and photographs may be colour or black Western blotting (Part 1)’ (p. 46). Spring 2011 issue, No. 82, and white, and preferably TIFF, JPEG, PNG, PDF or AI files with a minimum In the present economic climate, should reach the Publications resolution of 300 dpi. Office ([email protected]) engagement by scientists with the References wider world is assuming ever greater by 13 January 2011. Short news Authors are requested to keep the importance. We have an extended items and letters are encouraged, number of references to a minimum – section this issue detailing some of and can usually be included as late preferably no more than two or three. the outreach work carried out by copy if space permits. Please cite all references in the style of Society members (pp. 53–57). And The Journal of Physiology (see engagement goes beyond simply Suggestions for articles Information and Guidance for Authors at talking about science – see the Suggestions for future articles are http://jp.physoc.org). Science is Vital rally report on p 50, welcome. Please contact either or Simon Singh’s discussion of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Eric Kandel Form in Which This Information Is Stored
    RESEARCH I NEWS pendent, this system would be expected to [2] HEEsch and J E Bums. Distance estimation work quite well, since the new recruit bees by foraging honeybees, The Journal ofExperi­ mental Biology, Vo1.199, pp. 155-162, 1996. tend to take the same route as the experi­ [3] M V Srinivasan, S W Zhang, M Lehrer, and T enced scout bee. What dOJhe ants do when S Collett, Honeybee Navigation en route to they cover similarly several kilometres on the goal: Visual flight control and odometry, foot to look for food? Preliminary evidence The Journal ofExperimental Biology, Vol. 199, pp. 237-244, 1996. indicates that they don't use an odometer but [4] M V Srinivasan, S W Zhang, M Altwein, and instead might count steps! J Tautz, Honeybee Navigation: Nature and Calibration of the Odometer, Science, Vol. Suggested Reading 287, pp. 851-853, 1996. [1] Karl von Frisch, The dance language and OT­ Moushumi Sen Sarma, Centre for Ecological Sci­ ientation of bees, Harvard Univ. Press, Cam­ ences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, bridge, MA, USA, 1993. India. Email: [email protected] Learning from a Sea Snail: modify future behaviour, then memory is the Eric Kandel form in which this information is stored. Together, they represent one of the most valuable and powerful adaptations ever to Rohini Balakrishnan have evolved in nervous systems, for they In the year 2000, Eric Kandel shared the allow the future to access the past, conferring Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicinel flexibility to behaviour and improving the with two other neurobiologists: Arvid chances of survival in unpredictable, rapidly Carlsson and Paul Greengard.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction and Historical Perspective
    Chapter 1 Introduction and Historical Perspective “ Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. ” modified by the developmental history of the organism, Theodosius Dobzhansky its physiology – from cellular to systems levels – and by the social and physical environment. Finally, behaviors are shaped through evolutionary forces of natural selection OVERVIEW that optimize survival and reproduction ( Figure 1.1 ). Truly, the study of behavior provides us with a window through Behavioral genetics aims to understand the genetic which we can view much of biology. mechanisms that enable the nervous system to direct Understanding behaviors requires a multidisciplinary appropriate interactions between organisms and their perspective, with regulation of gene expression at its core. social and physical environments. Early scientific The emerging field of behavioral genetics is still taking explorations of animal behavior defined the fields shape and its boundaries are still being defined. Behavioral of experimental psychology and classical ethology. genetics has evolved through the merger of experimental Behavioral genetics has emerged as an interdisciplin- psychology and classical ethology with evolutionary biol- ary science at the interface of experimental psychology, ogy and genetics, and also incorporates aspects of neuro- classical ethology, genetics, and neuroscience. This science ( Figure 1.2 ). To gain a perspective on the current chapter provides a brief overview of the emergence of definition of this field, it is helpful
    [Show full text]
  • August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh
    August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh LIVES IN SCIENCE Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, Dr. Odont, Dr. phil. Professor Emeritus and Aqjunct Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Florida SPRINGER NEW YORK 1995 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid and associated companies in Berlin lbadan Copyright © 1995 by the American Physiological Society Originally published by American Physiological Society in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmidt-Nielsen, Bodil. August and Marie Krogh : lives in science by Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4614-7530-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7530-9 1. Krogh, August, 1874-1949. 2. Krogh, Marie, 1874-1943. 3. Physiologists-Denmark-Biography. I. Title. QP26.K76S35 1995 591.1'092-dc20 [B] 94-20655 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface When my father August Krogh died in 1949, 1 was with him in Den­ mark. My stay in Denmark was prolonged for another two months due to a concussion 1 sustained in an automobile accident, which occurred shortly after his death.
    [Show full text]
  • DMJ.1936.2.1.A02.Young.Pdf (3.644Mb)
    DALHOUSIE MEDICAL JOURNAL 5 A Memorable Conference THE HARVARD TERCENTENARY 1636 - 1936 E. GORDON YOUNG, B.A., M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.S.C. OMEONE has said that the most valuable and rarest thing in the world S is a new idea. It is the verdict or the intellectual world of science, of art and of music that progress centres largely about the thoughts ex­ pressed by the few great minds of the centuries. The work of the scientists of the world has been likened to a great canvas, the subject of which has been chosen by the few and the first bold lines inserted, but the great mass of colour and detail has been supplied by the many faithful apprentices. It was most fitting that the oldest and greatest of American Universities should celebrate its three hundredth birthday in an intellec­ tual feast and that it should invite to its table as leaders of conversation the greatest minds of the world in those subjects which were proposed for discussion. Harvard.!J.as a magnificent record of intellectual tolerance and its hospitality was open to individuals of all nationalities and all re- ligious and political creeds. To Cambridge thus in the early days of September, 1936, there came, by invitation, a group of about two thousand five hundred American and Canadian scholars to participate in a memorable series of symposia led by a special group of sixty-seven eminent scientists and men of letters from fifteen different countries. These included no fewer than eleven men who had the greatest single distinction in the realms of science and of letters, the Nobel Prize.
    [Show full text]
  • 100858 AVANCES 26 5Indd
    avances en Diabetología Av Diabetol. 2010;26:373-82 Historical perspective From pancreatic extracts to artificial pancreas: history, science and controversies about the discovery of the pancreatic antidiabetic hormone V: The controversy. Who discovered insulin? A. de Leiva-Pérez1, E. Brugués-Brugués1,2, A. de Leiva-Hidalgo1,2,3,4 1Fundación DIABEM. 2Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición e Instituto de Investigación. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. 3Centro de Historia de la Ciencia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 4CIBER-BBN-ISCIII The Nobel Prize controversy were provided by two members of the objection was to making an award on “he- The 1923 Nobel Award Nobel Committee: John Sjöqvist, Profes- resy evidence” from unknown persons or of Physiology or Medicine sor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Hans on statements in the two appraisals, like In April 1923, a total of 57 nominations Christian Jacobaeus, Professor of Internal “it is beyond doubt”, or comments as with merits were reviewed by the Nobel Medicine. Sjökvist arrived to the same ”things that are thought as very possible”; Committee. The examiners concluded conclusion as A. Krogh: the prize should the Assembly should take only verifi able that the discovery of insulin was of funda- be divided between Banting and Macleod. facts. The Committee reconsidered and mental importance. The archives of the Professor Göran Liljstrand was the Secre- reconfirmed its previous recommenda- Karolinska Institute depict that Macleod tary of the Nobel Committee from 1918 to tion. August Krogh was identifi ed as the and Banting were nominated for the fi rst 1960. He was a great friend of August source of the “heresy evidence”; he time in 1923: Banting by G.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Consciousness Eclipsed: Jacques Loeb, Ivan P. Pavlov, and the Rise of Reductionistic Biology After 1900
    Consciousness and Cognition Consciousness and Cognition 14 (2005) 219–230 www.elsevier.com/locate/concog Consciousness eclipsed: Jacques Loeb, Ivan P. Pavlov, and the rise of reductionistic biology after 1900 Ralph J. Greenspan*, Bernard J. Baars The Neurosciences Institute, 10640 John Jay Hopkins Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, United States Received 17 May 2004 Available online 25 November 2004 Abstract The life sciences in the 20th century were guided to a large extent by a reductionist program seeking to explain biological phenomena in terms of physics and chemistry. Two scientists who figured prominently in the establishment and dissemination of this program were Jacques Loeb in biology and Ivan P. Pavlov in psychological behaviorism. While neither succeeded in accounting for higher mental functions in physical- chemical terms, both adopted positions that reduced the problem of consciousness to the level of reflexes and associations. The intellectual origins of this view and the impediment to the study of consciousness as an object of inquiry in its own right that it may have imposed on peers, students, and those who followed is explored. Ó 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: History of ideas; Reductionism; Tropism; Conditional reflex 1. Introduction The current acceptance of consciousness as a suitable object of study in the life sciences came late in the 20th century (Flanagan, 1984). By that time other biological processes—physiology, biochemistry, genetics, embryology, and even many aspects of brain function—had long since * Corresponding author. Fax: +1 858 626 2099. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (R.J. Greenspan), [email protected] (B.J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fessard's School of Neurophysiology After
    The fessard’s School of neurophysiology after the Second World War in france: globalisation and diversity in neurophysiological research (1938-1955) Jean-Gaël Barbara To cite this version: Jean-Gaël Barbara. The fessard’s School of neurophysiology after the Second World War in france: globalisation and diversity in neurophysiological research (1938-1955). Archives Italiennes de Biologie, Universita degli Studi di Pisa, 2011. halshs-03090650 HAL Id: halshs-03090650 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03090650 Submitted on 11 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Fessard’s School of neurophysiology after the Second World War in France: globalization and diversity in neurophysiological research (1938-1955) Jean- Gaël Barbara Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7102 Université Denis Diderot, Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7219 [email protected] Postal Address : JG Barbara, UPMC, case 14, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005,
    [Show full text]
  • Balcomk41251.Pdf (558.9Kb)
    Copyright by Karen Suzanne Balcom 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Karen Suzanne Balcom Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine Committee: E. Glynn Harmon, Supervisor Julie Hallmark Billie Grace Herring James D. Legler Brooke E. Sheldon Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine by Karen Suzanne Balcom, B.A., M.L.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2005 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my first teachers: my father, George Sheldon Balcom, who passed away before this task was begun, and to my mother, Marian Dyer Balcom, who passed away before it was completed. I also dedicate it to my dissertation committee members: Drs. Billie Grace Herring, Brooke Sheldon, Julie Hallmark and to my supervisor, Dr. Glynn Harmon. They were all teachers, mentors, and friends who lifted me up when I was down. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee: Julie Hallmark, Billie Grace Herring, Jim Legler, M.D., Brooke E. Sheldon, and Glynn Harmon for their encouragement, patience and support during the nine years that this investigation was a work in progress. I could not have had a better committee. They are my enduring friends and I hope I prove worthy of the faith they have always showed in me. I am grateful to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Cells of the Nervous System
    3/23/2015 Nervous Systems | Principles of Biology from Nature Education contents Principles of Biology 126 Nervous Systems A flock of Canada geese use auditory and visual cues to maintain a V­ formation in flight. How are these animals able to respond so quickly to environmental cues? All animals possess neurons, cells that form a complex network capable of transmitting and receiving signals. This neural network forms the nervous system. The nervous system coordinates the movement and internal physiology of an organism, as well as its decision­making and behavior. In all but the simplest animals, neurons are bundled into nerves that facilitate signal transmission. More complex animals have a central nervous system (CNS) that includes the brain and nerve cords. Vertebrates also have a peripheral nervous system (PNS) that transmits signals between the body and the CNS. Cells of the Nervous System Structure of the neuron. Figure 1 shows the general structure of a neuron. The organelles and nucleus of a neuron are contained in a large central structure called the cell body, or soma. Most nerve cells also have multiple dendrites in addition to the cell body. Dendrites are short, branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons. Each neuron also has a single axon, a long extension that transmits signals to other cells. The point of attachment of the axon to the cell body is called the axon hillock. The other end of the axon is usually branched, and each branch ends in a synaptic terminal. The synaptic terminal forms a synapse, or junction, with another cell.
    [Show full text]
  • Kandel and Hawkins
    © 1992 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC The Biological Basis of Learnin and Individuality Recent discoveries suggestg that learning engages a simple set of rules that modify the strength of connections between neurons in the brain. These changes play an important role in making each individual unique by Eric R. Kandel and Robert D. Hawkins ver the past several decades, there surgeon at the Montreal Neurological Institute. has been a gradual merger of two In the 1940s Penfield began to use electri­ originally separate fields of science: cal stimulation to map motor, sensory and neurobiology,O the science of the brain, and language functions in the cortex of patients cognitive psychology, the science of the mind. undergoing neurosurgery for the relief of Recently the pace of unification has quick­ epilepsy. Because the brain itself does not ened, with the result that a new intellectual have pain receptors, brain surgery can be car­ framework has emerged for examining percep­ ried out under local anesthesia in fully con­ tion, language, memory and conscious aware­ scious patients, who can describe what they ness. This new framework is based on the abil­ experience in response to electric stimuli ap­ ity to study the biological substrates of these plied to different cortical areas. Penfield ex­ mental functions. A particularly faSCinating plored the cortical surface in more than 1,000 example can be seen in the study of learning. Elementary as­ patients. Occasionally he found that electrical stimulation pects of the neuronal mechanisms important for several dif­ produced an experiential response, or flashback, in which ferent types of learning can now be studied on the cellular the patients described a coherent recollection of an earlier and even on the molecular level.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Overview 2. Database Architecture 3. Example Tree 6. Mentorship Network Influences?
    Neurotree: Graphing the academic genealogy of neuroscience Stephen V. David1, Will Chertoff1, Titipat Achakulvisut2, Daniel Acuna2 1Oregon Health & Science University, 2Northwestern University 1. Overview 3. Example tree 4. Founding ancestors Neurotree (http://neurotree.org, [1]) is a collaborative, open-access Name N Resarch area Family tree The distance between two nodes can be Johannes Müller 7715 Physiology website that tracks and visualizes the academic genealogy and history P+ William Fitch measured by the number of mentorship Sir Charles Sherrington 4758 Neurophysiology of neuroscience. After 10 years of growth driven by user-generated Allen Hermann von Helmholtz 3048 Psychophysics University of P- steps connecting them through a Sir John Eccles 2998 Synapses content, the site has captured information about the mentorship of over Rudolf Oregon Ludwig Robert Samuel Alexander Sir Charles Medical common ancestor i(below). The list at Karl Lashley 2558 Learning and memory 80,000 neuroscientists. It has become a unique tool for a community of John Friedrich Karl Koch Sir Charles Kinnier Charles Gordon John Scott Sir Charles Harvey Sir Charles Karl Edgar School C+ Louis Agassiz 2241 Anatomy Sir Michael Newport Goltz Virchow Universität Scott Wilson Symonds Holmes Farquhar Sherrington Scott Williams Scott Spencer Wilder Douglas Frederic right shows the 30 most frequent primary researchers, students, journal editors, and the press. Once Foster Langley Kaiser-Wilhelms- Universität Berlin (ID Sherrington National Hospital, Queen National
    [Show full text]
  • Krogh's Principle for Musculoskeletal Physiology and Pathology
    Journal of Musculoskeletal J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2018; 18(3):284-291 and Neuronal Interactions Perspective Article Krogh’s principle for musculoskeletal physiology and pathology Seth W. Donahue Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, USA Abstract August Krogh was a comparative physiologist who used frogs, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, and horses in his research that led to his Nobel Prize on muscle physiology. His idea to choose the most relevant organism to study problems in physiology has become known as Krogh’s principle. Indeed, many important discoveries in physiology have been made using naturally occurring animal models. However, the majority of research today utilizes laboratory mouse and rat models to study problems in physiology. This paper discusses how Krogh’s principle can be invoked in musculoskeletal research as a complementary approach to using standard laboratory rodent models for solving problems in musculoskeletal physiology. This approach may increase our ability to treat musculoskeletal diseases clinically. For example, it has been noted that progress in osteogenesis imperfecta research has been limited by the absence of a naturally occurring animal model. Several examples of naturally occurring animal models are discussed including osteoarthritis and osteosarcoma in dogs, resistance to disuse induced bone and skeletal muscle loss in mammalian hibernators, and bone phenotypic plasticity in fish lacking osteocytes. Many musculoskeletal diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis) occur naturally in companion animals, which may provide clues on etiology and progression of musculoskeletal diseases and accelerate the development of pharmaceutical therapies for humans. Keywords: Animal Models, Comparative Physiology, Companion Animals, Evolutionary Physiology, Musculoskeletal August Krogh: his research and his principle plant, insect, amphibian, bird, mammal) to study problems in physiology.
    [Show full text]