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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

PROJECT –MULTIPLE ROVER WITH ROLLING CAMERA (LAB TO MOON) Akshay Dinkar Mahale Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. Smt. Kashibai Navale College of engineering Pune-41, India E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: There is no doubt that curiosity of humankind related to Enigma of moon had been increased day by day Since year 17 August 1958 Pioneer 0 ,First attempted launch beyond Earth orbit .failed to orbit due to turbo pump gearbox malfunction resulting in first stage explosion. Reached apogee of 16 kilometers. Biggest hurdle between human and moon was failure approximately 128 lunar mission already done by different countries out of that 60 were successful because of only the quest for knowledge had always been the main driving force for any exploration in general and moon in particular. In the recent times, there had increased interest of not only governments of devolving countries but also privet companies also wants to be part of moo exploration due to the possibility of certain distinct advantages the moon could provide, as a platform for future Deep Space missions and also the emerging possibility of certain exploration for the benefit of mankind, in addition to scientific objectives. India, as one among the very few space faring nations, has chalked out its own roadmap through Chandrayaan-1. Chandrayaan-2 in year 2017. Forty eight years ago today, two Americans touched down on the moon and walked upon its surface. Now,

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

Lab2Moon Challenge trying to do it again with Constellation, an ambitious project to return humans to the moon by 2017.Project moon is part of the this challenge to find out unexplored part of moon due to human limitations. Enhance the knowledge of complex lunar conditions

Keywords: Main Shell Assembly, Two compressed Air Cylinder , Drill with Hole Collector Suction Assembly, Multiple Rovers (Named as LEHA)with Rolling Camera, Robotic Arm with Bush Assembly,

INTRODUCTION: In the lab Lab2Moon competition, According to give dimensions we design the model which is cylindrical in shape called as Main shell Assembly, before landing on moon surface of main assembly velocity data given to ECU then all compressed air cylinder get actuated along with presser and level and thermal sensors so provide collusion free landing on moon surface. Main Shell Assembly containing parts Four Rovers named as LEHA, each rover having its own rolling camera to explore the complex atmosphere and region and ejected in four direction with help of various sensors, actuators and system support assembly Robotic arm with bush assembly land on exact location with help of level sensors , Drill with Hole Collector Suction Assembly with help so insert drill into moon surface to collect samples on moon, also seismometer to known knowledge of moon quakes in region to region Studies of ,Project Moon is consist of mainly Four Phases

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

Phases of Assembly 1. Main Shell Assembly

Fig .1- A-Main assembly, B- Main assembly without shell Shell Assembly is heart of ―Project Moon‖, main all parts are protected by shell to gives proper function of all components in moon complex and unknown atmospherically conditions. It is cylindrical in shape and contain following assembly displayed in fig.1, 1.Two compressed air cylinder actuated by presser and tempters actuator and sensors with six large air bags and four small air bags, 2. Drill with hole collector chambers suction assembly with pressure sensors, temperature sensors and the sensors which actuated according to composition and chemical property of samples which previously found and store data in sensors and collected according to store dated respective chambers

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

according to property and compositions , 3. consist of 4 rover named as LEHA which ejected in 4 directions with Robotic arm with bush assembly help of level sensors and actuators and system supported assemblies to collecting samples from region to region and, seismometers to studies moon quakes varies accordingly in region to region all four rover connected with main shell with same frequency to collect and store data collated from unknown regions, there are four phase for‖ Project Moon ―

2. Two Compressed air Cylinder: Phase 1:Before entering near to the moon’s gravitational field and complex atmosphere, Main shell Assembly all sensor collected data send to ECU (Electrical Control Unit) by providing data and evaluation of data actuator and thermal sensors, level sensors, pressures sensors get actuated according to the pressure send to the air bags by the two compressed air cylinder, we can also use some liquid so during collusion or shock waves get absorb by the air bags some experiments are going on to avoid the damage of rovers during landing on Moon as well as Mars Surface so provides Communication link between ECU and the main orbiter, from separation to impact and provides useful for future soft-landing

(Figure 2 . large Six Air bags are shown) Six air bags of larger sizes, four small air bags are provided on the surface of the shell to avoid the collusion free landing and avoid damages of parts in main shell assembly by

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

providing appropriate pressure by pressure sensor in large air bag and small four air bags are actuated for accurate landing on surface of moon by presser and level sensors (shown in Figure 2), according to surface of moon level sensors collect data and safe and also proper landing of main assembly to be done , safe landing of main shell assembly on moon surface completes its phase 1 of Project Moon.

3. Drill with hole Collector Suction Assembly:

Fig3. Drill tool with hole

Phase 2: As soon as phase-1 completes by landing of Main shell Assembly on exact surface of moon, Phase -2 starts such that Drill with Hole Collector Suction Assembly get activated accordingly by landing of main shell on moon surface sensors collect the data on moon surface so to decide speed of drill per revolution and insert drill having hole into moon surface showed in fig.3, and collect the data of moon surface according to data which collect by sensors so sensors are get actuated so samples are get separated according to their chemical property and chemical composition and collected in three suction chambers with help of previously stored data in sensors ,newly found samples are collected in new chamber by collection data phase -2compltes by conduct chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface for distribution of mineral and chemical elements such as the rocks are rich in Calcium (Ca), Aluminium (Al) and

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

Titanium (Ti).There is high abundance of Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O) There is a relative abundance of He on the Moon, compared with Earth. This may be due to the fact that over the four billion year history of the Moon, several hundred million tons of solar 3He have impacted directly onto the surface of the Moon and got trapped in minerals such as Ilmenite (a compound of iron and titanium; FeTiO3).

3.1 Mineral abundances in highland rocks:

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

Fig3.1: Mineral Elements Appearance in Moon Rocks

MINERAL ELEMENTS APPEARANCE IN MOON ROCKS

Plagioclase feldspar calcium (Ca), aluminum, Whitish to translucent grayish; Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O) usually occurs as grains longer than they are wide.

Pyroxene (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron Brown to black; grains usually (Fe), magnesium, longer than wide, in mare silicon (Si), oxygen (O) , somewhat squarish in highland rocks.

Olivine iron (Fe), magnesium Greenish; usually occurs as (Mg), silicon (Si), roundish crystals. oxygen (O)

Ilmenite iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) , Black, elongated to squarish oxygen (O) crystals.

Table 3.1: Mineral Elements Appearance in Moon Rock

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

3.2 Mineral abundances in mare basalts:

Fig 3.2 Exploring the Moon -- A Teacher's Guide with Activities, NASA EG-1997-10- 116-HQ page-9

Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Calcium, Iron and Titanium as well as high atomic number elements such as Radon, Uranium and Thorium Minerals: Minerals are naturally occurring solids that have definite chemical compositions and are crystalline. Crystals are individual pieces of minerals. The most important characteristic of crystals is the orderly internal arrangement of atoms Rocks: Rocks are naturally occurring solids composed of one or more minerals. At least Two abundant minerals usually occur in a rock, along with several others. The minerals are intergrown in intricate ways that depend on how the rock formed. Rocks are classified on

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

the basis of the abundance of the minerals they contain, sizes of individual crystals, and the process that formed the rocks. 4. Robotic Arm with Bush Assembly:

Fig 4. Robotic bush assembly Phase: 3 after completes phase 2 by collecting samples then initialization of phase 3 begin, Purpose of robotic arm with bush assembly showed in fig.4 is used to precise or perfect landing of rover with help of level sensor and support assembly bush which help to grip the rover and avoiding from collusions on the surface, phase- 3 ends by landing Of rover collusion free on to the surfaces of moon on four different directions.In past lunar missions and there site of landings provided in fig 4.1

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

Fig 4.1-A Landing sites of sample return and rover missions, B-Apollo Landing Sites

5.Multiple Rovers with Rolling Camera: (L-Lunar E-Explorer H-Higher elevation A- Laser Altimeter)“Multiple Rovers with rolling cameras‖, ―came up with the new and innovative concept use in Aerospace industries to research new unseen regions where no one reach before ―

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

(Fig 5-(LEHA) rover having rolling camera) Four (LEHA) rovers with mainly consist of following parts 5.1Tire (Wheels) case and Tire with adjusting conditions: The moon doesn’t have an atmosphere—there’s no air there! So air-filled tires like the ones on a bike or car would explode—the air inside would push through the tire to escape into (where there’s no air to push back against the walls of the tire) A rover may not be the hottest-looking vehicle around, but with a price tag of over ten million dollars, it’s one of the most expensive. And it sure is convenient to bring along. Rovers can be folded and stored in a landing module the size of a small room. Look at the picture of the rover. Which features are also found on cars designed for use on Earth? Answers: Chassis, wheels, fenders, motor, seats, seat belts, antenna, battery, camera (some cars), and steering controls. • Works in space, where there’s no atmosphere

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

• withstands extreme hot and cold temperatures—on the moon, they range from roughly 250ᵒ to –250 Fahrenheit (121ᵒC to –157ᵒ C) • weighs 12 pounds (5.5 kg), which is half the weight of an average car tire • won’t get clogged with the fine dust that covers the moon despite these challenges, engineers designed a tire that worked perfectly when it was used on the moon. It’s made of thin bands of springy metal. That helps it be lightweight, have good traction, and work at any temperature the moon can throw at it. Plus, it flexes when it hits a rock, and it doesn’t need to be pumped up. Dependability is important. There’s no roadside service when you’re on the moon, 250,000miles (400,000 km) from home.

5.2. Solar array and solar cell on surface:

Solar cell on top of the rover, We used carbon fiber because it is light weight and rigid .there is pair of panel on ―soar wing ―on each side .The wing will start out folded on top of body of main the rover circular shaped two fixed panels. When to deploy the solar wings, small motor will open them up like pedals of flower , exposing all three panels to the sun design allow to rover compact for transport , but have three times the surface area and therefore three times the current charging battery .solar array will provide the required power during all phases of the mission. The panel generates about 750 W of average power and will be supported by a Lithium ion (LiIon) battery during eclipse operations. The Chandrayaan1 deployable solar array consisting of a single panel and yoke is stowed on the deck of the . After deployment, the solar panel plane is canted by 30º to the spacecraft pitch axis

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5.3. Drill suction assembly and rolling camera:

Fig5.3-A.Drill tool of Rover with Hole, B-Rolling camera of Rover Rover which is consist of rolling camera which help to get 360 degree view with required number of rotation of camera. It can make observations to a microscopic level and can conduct physical experimentation. Advantages of other rovers compared to orbiters are the reduced higher chance of failure, due to landing and other risks, and that they are limited to a small area around a landing site eliminated. Four rover having same drill suction assembly and there functions as that of main shell assembly and also contain own antenna. Un explore region on moon due to human kind limitations as well as natural limitations .This rovers can collect all moon surface sand and rock samples to identify regions consist of all needed materials and natural resources which mankind wants, all data and rock samples get collected in respective chambers and send to main assembly and collect data from four rovers landed on moon in four directions for future soft landing on moon.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND Vol.5 Issue.9, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING September WWW.IJRAME.COM 2017 ISSN (ONLINE): 2321-3051 Pg: -6-30

Fig-5.3.1(Inside the Moon and Earth Scientists have learned what Earth and the Moon are like inside by several techniques, the most important of which is seismology, the study of earthquake (and, of course) moonquake waves. Earth has a much larger metallic core than does the Moon. Page -11)

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5.4. Sensors and Antenna

Fig 5.4- A- Sample Collectors, B- rover mini Sar antenna assembly Four Rover and main assembly providing with all sensors, UV measuring instrument, neutron detector, laser altimeter and panchromatic camera. The scientific objectives include mapping of lunar topography, surface composition, magnetic field and study of lunar and solar terrestrial environment shown in fig 5.4

Table 2: Chronology of Lunar Exploration No Launch Mission Country Accomplishment date 1. 2 Jan 1959 USSR First lunar , magnetic field 2. 3 Mar 1959 USA Lunar flyby by 60,000 km,

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radiation

3. 12 Sept USSR First hard landing, 1959 magnetic field 4. 4 Oct 1959 USSR First photos of lunar farside 5. 23 Aug Ranger 1 USA Attempted test flight 1961 6. 18 Nov Ranger 2 USA Attempted test flight 1961 7. 26 Jan 1962 Ranger 3 USA Missed the Moon by 36,793 km 8. 23 Apr 1962 USA Crashed on the lunar farside 9. 18 Oct 1962 USA Missed the Moon by 724 km 10. 2 Apr 1963 USSR Missed the Moon by 8,500 km 11. 30 Jan 1964 USA Hard landing, television failed 12. 29 July USA Hard landing, 1964 First close-up TV 13. 17 Feb 1965 USA Hard landing, close-up TV 14. 21 Mar USA Hard landing, close-up TV 1965 15. 9 May 1965 USSR Crashed on the Moon 16. 8 June 1965 USSR Missed the Moon by 1,60,000 km 17. 18 July USSR Photographed lunar farside

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1965 18. 4 Oct 1965 USSR Crashed on the Moon 19. 3 Dec 1965 USSR Crashed on the Moon 20. 31 Jan 1966 USSR First soft landing and TV panorama 21. 31 Mar USSR First lunar 1966 satellite, gamma spectra, magnetic and gravity measurements 22. 30 May USA , on-surface TV, 1966 soil mechanics 23. 10 Aug 1966 Lunar Orb1 USA TV imaging, radiation, micrometeorites 24. 24 Aug USSR Orbiter, gamma-and 1966 X-ray measurements, gravity, micrometeorites 25. 22 Oct 1966 USSR Orbiter, TV imaging 26. 6 Nov 1966 Lunar Orb 2 USA TV imaging, radiation, micrometeorites 27. 21 Dec 1966 USSR Lander, on-surface TV, soil mechanics 28. 5 Feb 1967 Lunar Orb 3 USA TV imaging, radiation, micrometeorites 29. 17 Apr 1967 USA Lander, on-surface TV, soil mechanics 30. 4 May 1967 Lunar Orb 4 USA TV imaging, radiation, micrometeorites 31. 19 July 1967 USA Orbiter, Plasma, fields and particles

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32. 1 Aug 1967 Lunar Orb 5 USA TV imaging, radiation, micrometeorites 33. 8 Sept 1967 USA Lander, on-surface TV, First chemistry 34. 7 Nov 1967 USA Lander, on-surface TV, chemistry 35. 7 Jan 1968 USA Lander, on-surface TV, chemistry 36. 7 Apr 1968 USSR Orbiter, gamma-spectra., magnetic measurements 37. 14 Sept USSR First lunar flyby and 1968 Earth return 38. 10 Nov Zond 6 USSR Lunar flyby and Earth 1968 return 39. 21 Dec 1968 USA First humans to orbit the Moon 40. 18 May USA First docking in 1969 41. 13 July 1969 USSR Failed robotic sampler 42. 16 July 1969 USA First humans on the Moon (20 July) 43. 6 Aug 1969 Zond 7 USSR Lunar flyby and Earth return 44. 14 Nov USA Human landing, 1969 45. 11 Apr 1970 USA Aborted lunar landing 46. 12 Sept USSR First robotic sample 1970 return, Mare Feccunditatis 47. 20 Oct 1970 Zond 8 USSR Lunar flyby and Earth

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return 48. 10 Nov 1970 USSR First robotic rover , 49. 31 Jan 1971 USA Human landing, Fra Mauro 50. 26 July 1971 USA Human landing, Hadley- Apennine 51. 2 Sept 1971 USSR Failed robotic sampler 52. 28 Sept 1971 USSR Orbiter, lunar gravity, TV, micrometeorites 53. 14 Feb 1972 USSR Robotic sample return, Apollonius 54. 16 Apr 1972 USA Human landing, Descartes 55. 7 Dec 1972 USA Human landing, FIRST geologist on the Moon, Taurus- Littrow 56. 8 Jan 1973 USSR Robotic rover , Le Monier 57. 10 Jun 1973 USA Non-lunar radio astronomy from lunar orbit 58. 29 May 1974 USSR Orbiter, lunar gravity, TV, micrometeorites 59. 28 Oct 1974 USSR Failed robotic sampler 60. 9 Aug 1976 USSR Robotic sampler return, Mare Crisium 61. 24 Jan 1990 Japan Flyby and orbiter, technological experiments

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62. 25 Jan 1994 USA Orbiter, imaging lunar surface in UV, VIS, IR, laser altimetry 63. 6 Jan 1998 Lunar USA Gamma-neutron-alpha spectrometry, magnetometry, gravity 64. Sept 2003 SMART-1 ESA Solar electric propulsion, near IR and X-ray Spectrometer 65. 2005 Lunar-A Japan Seismic heat flow phenomena 66. 2005 Selene Japan Mapping of lunar topography, surface Composition &magnetic field 67 17 February ARTEMIS USA Orbiter,THEMIS spacecraft 2007 P1 moved to selenocentric orbit for extended mission; entered orbit July 2011 68 14 September Kaguya Japan Orbiter Impacted the Moon 2007 in LQ30 quadrangle at end of mission on 10 June 2009

69 14 September Okina Japan Deployed from Kaguya, 2007 (RSAT) decayed and impacted moon in LQ08 quadrangle on 12 February 2009 after end of mission

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70 14 September Ouna(VRAD) Japan Deployed from Kaguya, 2007 completed operations on 29 June 2009[70] but remains in selenocentric orbit 71 24 October Chang'e 1 China Impacted moon 2007 in LQ21 quadrangle on 1 March 2009, at end of mission 72 21 October Chandrayaan- India Remains in selenocentric 2008 1 orbit; discovered & confirmed water on Moon before NASA did 73 10 Ebb USA Part of the Gravity September (GRAIL-A) Recovery and Interior 2011 Laboratory, impacted the Moon in LQ01 quadrangle on 17 December 2012 at end of mission. 74 1 December Chang'e 3 China Entered orbit on 6 2013 December 2013 with landing at 13:12 UTC on 14 December. Deployed rover, which landed on the Moon. 75 23 October Chang'e 5-T1 China Demonstration of re-entry 2014 capsule for Chang'e 5 sample-return mission at lunar return velocity.

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76 23 October 4M European Attached to third stage of 2014 CZ-3C used to launch Chang'e 5-T1

77 2017 GLXP Moon Private mining Express

MAIN ASSEMBLY:

Fig 6. View of Project Moon (Lab2moon), A-Solar cell on the top of Rover with Rolling High resolution camera along with each rover having Seismometers, B –Sample (minerals) Collector chamber, C-Main Drill with assembly, D-leaser ranging Instrument, Seismometers, magnetic field mapping

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Conclusion: Main objective of L2Moon Competition is Design, development and demonstration of technologies required safe land at the desired location on the Moon. Requirement of qualify technologies for future soft landing missions. Since project moon will provide following thing with help of Project Moon 1. In normal solar conditions, sensors will be able to detect abundance of Mg, Al and Si in the lunar surface. During solar flare events, it may additionally be possible to detect other elements such as Ca, Ti and Fe. The onboard solar monitor acting in real time will greatly enhance the capability of sensors to determine absolute elemental abundances as well as their ratios also accurate measurement of diagnostic absorption features of rocks and minerals; 2. High spectral resolution for deconvolution into mineral components; High spatial resolution for assessment geologic context and active processes; Analyze the lunar surface in various geologic and also mineralogical and topographical units Following scientific objectives: • Primer objective of project moon is to safe landing and safety of Radiation exposure of crewmembers on future manned space flight had been recognized as an important factor for the planning and deceitful of such missions. Indeed, the effects of ionising radiation impact on crew health member and there performance and life expectancy are a limitation to the duration of man’s stay on moon space. Forecasting the effects of radiation on humans during a long-duration space mission with help of past lunar missions, accurate knowledge and modelling of the space radiation environment, Calculation of primary and secondary particle transport through shielding materials and through the human body, and assessment of the biological effects of the dose. The general purpose of rovers is to study the radiation hazards and there intensity region to regions during the Moon exploration. Data obtained will be used for the evaluation of radiation environment and radiation shielding requirements of future manned lunar missions

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• Imaging the Moon’s surface composition including the permanently shadowed areas and volatile rich areas which will explore by the rovers • Four rover data Provide an estimate of the radiation prescription around the Moon at various altitudes and latitudes • Study the radiation hazards during the lunar investigation mission in past. Statistics obtained will be used for the evaluation of the radiation environment.

REFRANCES: [1]. CHANDRAYAAN-1INDIA’S FIRST MISSION TO MOON Jayati Datta and S. C. Chakravarty Space Science Office, ISRO Headquarters Bangalore [2]. the Moon Gateway to the Solar System G. Jeffrey Taylor, PhD [3]. Exploring the Moon -- A Teacher's Guide with Activities, NASA EG-1997-10-116-HQ 23 [4]Eclipse – Bryan Brewer, Earth View Inc. [5]Astronomy: Journey to the Cosmic Frontier – John. D. Fix, McGraw Hill Companies. [6]Taylor, G.J., The Scientific Legacy of Apollo, Scientific American, volume 271, No.1, pp. 40-47, 1994. [7]Spudis, P.D, Riesse, R.A. and Gills, J.J., Ancient multi ring basins on the Moon revealed by Clementine laser altimetry, Science, vol 226, pp. 1848-1851, 1994. [8]Basilevsky, A.T., Historical Perspective of Lunar Exploration, Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Exploration and Utilization of the Moon, ICEUM 4, 2000, The Netherlands, ESA SP-462, pp. 65-67, 2000. [9]Taylor T.J., The origin of the Moon, American Scientist, Vol 75, pp. 469-477, 1987. [10].Utilisation of the method of stress limit for designing the motion screw dimensions

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D. Herák1, J. Karanský2, R. Chotěborský3 [11].Self-Locking & Self-Sealing Fasteners Handbook nut and bolt ISO 9001:2008 Certified [12]. Design Techniques For small Scientific Satellite Structures by, J.M. Madey and R.C. Baumann Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Md .National space and aeronautics and space administration

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