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Doktori disszertáció A Textual and Intertextual Study of the Mudrārākṣasa Balogh Dániel, 2015 Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar Doktori disszertáció Balogh Dániel A Textual and Intertextual Study of the Mudrārākṣasa Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola Vezető : Prof. Dr. Bárdosi Vilmos, CSc Ókortudományi Doktori Program Vezető : Prof. Dr. Déri Balázs, PhD A bizottság tagjai és tudományos fokozatuk: Elnök : Prof. Dr. Déri Balázs, PhD Bírálók : Dr. Wojtilla Gyula, DSc (SZTE, ELTE) Dr. Törzsök Judit, DPhil Habil. (Université de Lille) Titkár : Dr. Hidas Gergely, DPhil Tag : Dr. Bolonyai Gábor, CSc Póttagok : Dr. Négyesi Mária, PhD Dr. Renner Zsuzsanna, PhD Témavezető : Dr. Dezső Csaba, DPhil Budapest, 2015 ADATLAP a doktori értekezés nyilvánosságra hozatalához I. A doktori értekezés adatai A szerző neve : Balogh Dániel MTMT-azonosító : 10032192 A doktori értekezés címe és alcíme : A Textual and Intertextual Study of the Mudrārākṣasa DOI-azonosító : 10.15476/ELTE.2015.033 A doktori iskola neve : Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola A doktori iskolán belüli doktori program neve : Ókortudományi DP A témavezető neve és tudományos fokozata : Dr. Dezső Csaba, PhD A témavezető munkahelye : ELTE BTK, Indoeurópai Nyelvtudományi Tanszék II. Nyilatkozatok 1. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként a) hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori fokozat megszerzését követően a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. Felhatalmazom az ELTE BTK Doktori és Tudomány- szervezési Hivatal ügyintézőjét, Manhercz Mónikát, hogy az értekezést és a téziseket feltöltse az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba, és ennek során kitöltse a feltöltéshez szükséges nyilatkozatokat. b) kérem, hogy a mellékelt kérelemben részletezett szabadalmi, illetőleg oltalmi bejelentés közzétételéig a doktori értekezést ne bocsássák nyil- vánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tu- dástárban; c) kérem, hogy a nemzetbiztonsági okból minősített adatot tartalmazó dok- tori értekezést a minősítés (dátum)-ig tartó időtartama alatt ne bocsás- sák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intéz- ményi Tudástárban; d) kérem, hogy a mű kiadására vonatkozó mellékelt kiadó szerződésre tekin- tettel a doktori értekezést a könyv megjelenéséig ne bocsássák nyilvá- nosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban, és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tu- dástárban csak a könyv bibliográfiai adatait tegyék közzé. Ha a könyv a fokozatszerzést követőn egy évig nem jelenik meg, hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. 2. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként kijelentem, hogy a) az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba feltöltendő doktori értekezés és a tézisek saját eredeti, önálló szellemi munkám és legjobb tudomásom szerint nem sértem vele senki szerzői jogait; b) a doktori értekezés és a tézisek nyomtatott változatai és az elektronikus adathordozón benyújtott tartalmak (szöveg és ábrák) mindenben megegyez- nek. 3. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként hozzájárulok a doktori értekezés és a tézisek szövegének plágiumkereső adatbázisba helyezéséhez és plágiumellen- őrző vizsgálatok lefuttatásához. Kelt: a doktori értekezés szerzőjének aláírása i Acknowled ements First and foremost I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Csaba Dezső for encouraging me to begin and to carry on with my doctoral work, and for letting me go my own way but being always ready with considered and relevant advice. My heart- felt thanks are also due to those who made it possible for me to enrol in a doctoral pro- gramme in antiquities with an Indological subject, primarily Mária Négyesi and Balázs Déri. Third, I wish to give general thanks to everyone who has enriched my knowledge of the Sanskrit language, most of all the late Csaba Töttössy who taught me how to dissect Sanskrit and Ferenc Ruzsa who taught me how to put it back together again. I am also grateful to Gyula Wojtilla for pointing me toward (and presenting me with) relevant pub- lications I had missed and for his help with German and Russian articles, to József Krupp for his comments on intertextual theory, and to Géza Bethlenfalvy for urging me to pick any topic and delve deep. Maybe I should have listened to him twenty years ago. In no particular order of primacy, I am also thankful to the following people and things. The participants in the informal defence session of my thesis, who have honoured me with their attention and their insights. The folks at the Clay Sanskrit Library who, be- sides believing in me, have given me an opportunity to gain superficial knowledge of a massive amount of Sanskrit literature, thus opening my eyes to its intertextual webs. Thanks also to everyone who has helped me obtain books and papers not available in Hun- gary, particularly Anurupa Naik, Indira Peterson and Franciska Dede. Talking about ob- taining publications, my thanks are also due to the people who run electronic facilities like archive.org, the Digital Library of India, JSTOR and Google Books (without them I could not have gathered half as much to study in twice the time) and to all those who have prepared and made available the searchable digital versions of ever so many Sanskrit texts, such as the GRETIL collection. Oh yes, and thanks to caffeine. 1 I also thank the Indian Council for Cultural Relations for awarding me the Tagore Research Fellowship, which has helped me work on this dissertation and would have helped even more had I actually received all the funds that were supposed to go with this fellowship rather than just some of them. Last but not least I wish to thank Eszter for enabling my work all this time, for her help and support, and for keeping the kids off my back whenever possible. And of course, I thank the kids for not staying off my back. I conclude my acknowledgements with a final message to all who have helped me: Give yourselves the blame if it’s too long: you should never 2 have let me begin. 1 Although according to an adage I once heard in Benares, cāyapānaṃ manuṣyānāṃ kevalaṃ mūtravardhanam . 2 Tom Lehrer, The Irish Ballad . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47bKTtIwrO4 ii ȏ - Ȁ ȏƩ ब ! ब" ȏǑ । %Ƈ' ( ) *Ʒ ,- ब- Ȁ . (* ƞ) 0ȍ ू -॥ 3 Motto : concluding verse of Vaṭeśvara’s commentary to the Mudrārākṣasa . Cover image : author’s vision of “Rākṣasa’s seal” based on an image of a lion capital from Sondhni (Mandasor), originally published in WILLIAMS 1973:53 and utilised here in what I deem to be fair use. The inscription (entirely fictitious) reads śrīrākṣasasya in characters appropriate to the region of Mandasor in the early 6 th century. Why? RAFO. That is to say, Read And Find Out. iii Tble of Contents Prt I. Prole omen 1. Objectives and Methodology ...................................................................... 2 2. Conventions ................................................................................................... 6 Transliteration .......................................................................................... 6 References .................................................................................................. 6 Abbreviations ............................................................................................ 7 3. The Play .......................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ............................................................................................... 8 The Title ................................................................................................... 10 Editions ..................................................................................................... 11 Manuscripts ............................................................................................. 12 Commentaries ......................................................................................... 14 4. The Author ................................................................................................... 16 His Person and Family ............................................................................ 16 His Works ................................................................................................. 19 His Date and Location ............................................................................. 21 Prt II. The Author in Context 1. Previous Scholarship .................................................................................. 26 Pioneer Studies ........................................................................................ 26 The Date Debate ...................................................................................... 30 2. Clues in the Mudrārākṣasa ........................................................................ 38 The Closing Benediction ........................................................................ 38 Ethnological Clues ................................................................................... 50 Geographical Clues ................................................................................. 65 Language and Style ................................................................................. 71 Religion ..................................................................................................... 72 Astronomy and Astrology ...................................................................... 75 3. Clues in the Devīcandragupta
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