DOCSLIB.ORG

A Look on Dual Naming in Multicultural Areas in Central Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Look on Dual Naming in Multicultural Areas in Central Europe A look on dual naming in multicultural areas in Central Europe Gerhard RAMPL* This paper mainly aims to give input on a possible future definition of the terms 'dual names/dual naming' and 'multiple names/multiple naming' in the UNGEGN Glossary of Terms for the Standardization of Geographical Names. Therefore some topic-related German language literature that might be hardly accessible for non-German-speakers will be discussed. As a result recommendations for a future definition are given. A second aim is to show that although no definition of 'dual names/dual naming' exists yet it is de facto used by the cartographic institutions that are co-responsible for national standardization in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Therefore a look on the various database structures and cartographic realizations of dual names is given to show how implementations of the dual/multiple name concept can look like. INTRODUCTION At the 2013 International Seminar on Sea Names, Isolde Hausner presented an article (Hausner 2013) in which she proposed adding the terms 'dual names/dual naming' and possibly 'multiple names/multiple naming' to the UNGEGN Glossary of Terms for the Standardization of Geographical Names (UNGEGN 2002; short UNGEGN Glossary). Using many examples, she showed that the claim one feature - one name contributes to conflicts by preventing the onymic representation of certain population groups like ethnic/linguistic minorities on maps etc. Hausner comprehensively presented the UNESCO framework and The European Charter of Minority and Regional Languages in relation to the recognition of names as intangible cultural heritage. Furthermore, she pointed out conflicts and solutions by means of different handling of dual and multiple naming in different countries. She concluded with the assessment that dual and multiple names were an existing fact, which should not be disregarded by name standardization. The report of the Working Group on Exonyms on its 15th anniversary points in this direction, too. Peter Jordan proposes to adopt a "one feature - one name per language" approach instead of the formerly UNGEGN-promoted "one feature - one name" (Jordan 2017, p. 3). * Professor, University of Innsbruck, Austria Gerhard RAMPL 37 This paper is based on Hausner's article in many respects and tries to supplement it in two ways: 1) even in 2018 we still have the situation that ‘dual names’ and ‘multiple names’ do not exist as terms in the UNGEGN Glossary. For a possible future definition, the development of the similar terms "Doppelname" (dual name) and "Namenpaar" (pair of names) in hardly accessible German-language (linguistic) literature will be presented. 2) Existing (official) dual names in Austria, Germany and Switzerland will be used to illustrate how they are stored in databases of national geographical institutions and represented on their corresponding maps. ON THE HISTORY OF THE TERM "DOPPELNAME" (DUAL NAME) IN AUSTRIAN/GERMAN ONOMASTICS In German language based onomastics, dual names are already a topic in the early days. Thus, as early as 1863, one of the most important founders of German onomastics, Ernst Förstemann, tried to elaborate a kind of schema for multiple names for one reference objects. In "Die deutschen Ortsnamen" (1863) in chapter XI, in which he deals with the relationship between German and non-German names, he also uses the term "Doppelname" (dual name). Interestingly, it is used exclusively for names created entirely independently (Förstemann 1863, p. 316). Examples he cites include "Rosenberg Prabut, Riesenburg Oleschno, Slrassburg Brodoitza, and Hammerstein Tscharne" (Förstemann 1863, p. 316). All these names do not have any etymological or translation context whatsoever. In the same book he also uses the term "Namenpaar" (pair of names). Its definition is, however, less easily graspable. On the one hand he cites "Hermalle Basse und Hermalle Haute" (Förstemann 1863, p. 225) as an example for pairs of names (thus a variation of the common name component with basse and haute). On the other hand he cites "Bielawy Weissendorf, Kamionken Steinhof, Lipnicki Lindenhof" (Förstemann 1863, p. 311); names that could be described as translations of their appellative components. In Austrian onomastics of this early period the term "Doppelname" (dual name) was used in a somewhat different meaning. Lessiak, who explicitly refers to Jaksch (1891), understands dual names as "the coexistence of places, of which one, usually the larger one, has a German name, the other one bears an equivalent Slovenian name [...]" (1910, p. 276). Kranzmayer, who continued Lessiak's work in many respects, also used the term in this meaning. In this way he defined "dual names are designations with equal or similar meaning of immediate neighboring places; in most cases the more important place usually bears the name from the older language, while the less important place bears the corresponding translated name from the most recent language" (Kranzmayer 1997b, p. 302). However, he also uses the term "(Orts- )Namenpaar" (pair of place-names) and initially understands it to describe the naming of a place with two names and the condition that "the name of one language precisely translates the name of the other" (Kranzmayer 1997a, p. 41). Later, he refines the terminology and distinguishes between "Übersetzungspaar" (translation pairs – in which the meaning and designation of the other language are adopted), "Entlehnungspaar" (pairs of linguistic calque – in which only the phonetic form is borrowed but the meaning is ignored) and "Freie Paare" (free pairs – in which the name of one language is in no relation at all to that of the other language) (Kranzmayer 1997c, p. 63). This distinction is subsequently largely adopted in 38 SESSION II German-language onomastics and is maintained to this day (cf. Pfister 1995, p. 1414). However, there are considerable terminological differences and in addition to "Doppelname" and "Namenpaar". There are terms such as "Doppelform" (dual form), "Dublette" (duplicates), "doppelsprachige" and "zweisprachige Ortsnamen" (dual- language or bilingual place names), "alloglotte Namenpaare" (alloglotte pairs of names) etc.. (cf. Besse 2017, p. 17; Back 1983, p.3), whereby the individual terms may differ considerably in their definitional width. It therefore makes sense to look for a definition in linguistic dictionaries, which in a certain way cover the consensus about the usage of a term. The only problem is that in German-language linguistic dictionaries the terms "Doppelname" or "Namenpaar" are usually not considered at all or they refer exclusively to personal names. A single exception is the "Sprachwissenschaftliches Wörterbuch" by Johann Knobloch, which was initiated in 1963 and discontinued after the letter F- in 1989. As Besse (2017, p. 18) aptly analyses, five different meanings can be derived from the definitions given in this dictionary: 1. so-called geographical dual names, whereby two names are used side by side due to national circumstances (see the description of the situation of Switzerland below); 2. two neighboring places which have the same name in the different languages; 3. dual forms, which result from the fact that a name is adopted in a foreign language and both names develop differently due to the phonetic laws of the different languages; 4. translated names= name compounds; 5. independent dual names due to historical conditions or arbitrary renaming. Besse (2017, pp. 19-24), who cites further attempts of definitions, concludes for German that the term "Namenpaar" (pair of names - with the subdivisions defined by Kranzmayer) would be better suited as a term for naming a reference object with two names as "Doppelname" (dual name). But she gives the constraint that "in recent years the term "Doppelname" dual name has increasingly assumed the meaning of Kranzmayer's term "Namenpaar" (pair of names) [....]". (Besse 2017, p. 25). This development might be pushed forward by the international usage of the term "dual name" in this sense. Another possible template for a new definition in the UNGEGN Glossary can be found in the glossary of the volume "Namenarten und ihre Erforschung" (Name types and their corresponding study) that was elaborated for didactical purposes. Here "Namendublette" (name duplicate) with the synonyms "Allonym" (allonym), "Doppelname" (dual name) and "Dublette" (doublet) is defined as follows: "Name of an object for which there is at least one other name" (Brendler and Brendler 2004, p. 859). This is a very broad definition, which does not take into account the possible relationship and the languages of the names.1 However, this has the advantage that 1 A very similar and broad definition is given in the paper of Choo Sungjae also in this book. Gerhard RAMPL 39 most of the above meanings stated by Knobloch can be included. Only meaning 2 from the early days of onomastics is excluded, since it is also the only one in which refers to two names for two different reference objects. Also excluded are names which have developed from the physical merger of two entities and which now have a new name that is a compound form of the two old entity names. For example, in the course of the structural reform of the municipalities in the province of Styria (Austria), some of the municipalities that formed from mergers decided to take their new names from components of former individual municipalities. Examples are Stadl-Predlitz (formerly Stadl van der Mur and Predlitz-Turrach), Teufenbach-Katsch (formerly Teufenbach and Frojach-Katsch), Pöls-Oberkurzheim (formerly Pöls and Oberkurzheim), Irdning-Donnersbachtal (formerly Irdning, Donnersbach and Donnersbachwald) etc. Although these names are compounds with parts connected by a hyphen, they should definitely be regarded as a single name, since the individual components of the names do not refer to the same reference object as the compound. THREE COUNTRIES AND THEIR LINGUISTIC BACKGROUND As can be seen from the above definitions, an essential factor for dual naming is the coexistence of two languages. If this coexistence is historical (meaning that one language is not actively spoken anymore), often one name prevails and the other disappears.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dual Naming of Sea Areas in Modern Atlases and Implications for the East Sea/Sea of Japan Case
    Dual naming of sea areas in modern atlases and implications for the East Sea/Sea of Japan case Rainer DORMELS* Dual naming is, to varying extents, present in nearly all atlases. The empirical research in this paper deals with the dual naming of sea areas in about 20 atlases from different nations in the years from 2006 to 2017. Objective, quality, and size of the atlases and the country where the atlases originated from play a key role. All these characteristics of the atlases will be taken into account in the paper. In the cases of dual naming of sea areas, we can, in general, differentiate between: cases where both names are exonyms, cases where both names are endonyms, and cases where one name is an endonym, while the other is an exonym. The goal of this paper is to suggest a typology of dual names of sea areas in different atlases. As it turns out, dual names of sea areas in atlases have different functions, and in many atlases, dual naming is not a singular exception. Dual naming may help the users of atlases to orientate themselves better. Additionally, dual naming allows for providing valuable information to the users. Regarding the naming of the sea between Korea and Japan present study has achieved the following results: the East Sea/Sea of Japan is the sea area, which by far showed the most use of dual naming in the atlases examined, in all cases of dual naming two exonyms were used, even in atlases, which allow dual naming just in very few cases, the East Sea/Sea of Japan is presented with dual naming.
    [Show full text]
  • Language, Culture, and National Identity
    Language, Culture, and National Identity BY ERIC HOBSBAWM LANGUAGE, culture, and national identity is the ·title of my pa­ per, but its central subject is the situation of languages in cul­ tures, written or spoken languages still being the main medium of these. More specifically, my subject is "multiculturalism" in­ sofar as this depends on language. "Nations" come into it, since in the states in which we all live political decisions about how and where languages are used for public purposes (for example, in schools) are crucial. And these states are today commonly iden­ tified with "nations" as in the term United Nations. This is a dan­ gerous confusion. So let me begin with a few words about it. Since there are hardly any colonies left, practically all of us today live in independent and sovereign states. With the rarest exceptions, even exiles and refugees live in states, though not their own. It is fairly easy to get agreement about what constitutes such a state, at any rate the modern model of it, which has become the template for all new independent political entities since the late eighteenth century. It is a territory, preferably coherent and demarcated by frontier lines from its neighbors, within which all citizens without exception come under the exclusive rule of the territorial government and the rules under which it operates. Against this there is no appeal, except by authoritarian of that government; for even the superiority of European Community law over national law was established only by the decision of the constituent SOCIAL RESEARCH, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • SEMANTIC DEMARCATION of the CONCEPTS of ENDONYM and EXONYM PRISPEVEK K POMENSKI RAZMEJITVI TERMINOV ENDONIM in EKSONIM Drago Kladnik
    Acta geographica Slovenica, 49-2, 2009, 393–428 SEMANTIC DEMARCATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF ENDONYM AND EXONYM PRISPEVEK K POMENSKI RAZMEJITVI TERMINOV ENDONIM IN EKSONIM Drago Kladnik BLA@ KOMAC Bovec – Flitsch – Plezzo je mesto na zahodu Slovenije. Bovec – Flitsch – Plezzo is a town in western Slovenia. Drago Kladnik, Semantic Demarcation of the Concepts of Endonym and Exonym Semantic Demarcation of the Concepts of Endonym and Exonym DOI: 10.3986/AGS49206 UDC: 81'373.21 COBISS: 1.01 ABSTRACT: This article discusses the delicate relationships when demarcating the concepts of endonym and exonym. In addition to problems connected with the study of transnational names (i.e., names of geographical features extending across the territory of several countries), there are also problems in eth- nically mixed areas. These are examined in greater detail in the case of place names in Slovenia and neighboring countries. On the one hand, this raises the question of the nature of endonyms on the territory of Slovenia in the languages of officially recognized minorities and their respective linguistic communities, and their relationship to exonyms in the languages of neighboring countries. On the other hand, it also raises the issue of Slovenian exonyms for place names in neighboring countries and their relationship to the nature of Slovenian endonyms on their territories. At a certain point, these dimensions intertwine, and it is there that the demarcation between the concepts of endonym and exonym is most difficult and problematic. KEY WORDS: geography, geographical names, endonym, exonym, exonimization, geography, linguistics, terminology, ethnically mixed areas, Slovenia The article was submitted for publication on May 4, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Exonyms – Standards Or from the Secretariat  Message from the Secretariat 4
    NO. 50 JUNE 2016 In this issue Preface Message from the Chairperson 3 Exonyms – standards or From the Secretariat Message from the Secretariat 4 Special Feature – Exonyms – standards standardization? or standardization? What are the benefits of discerning 5-6 between endonym and exonym and what does this divide mean Use of Exonyms in National 6-7 Exonyms/Endonyms Standardization of Geographical Names in Ukraine Dealing with Exonyms in Croatia 8-9 History of Exonyms in Madagascar 9-11 Are there endonyms, exonyms or both? 12-15 The need for standardization Exonyms, Standards and 15-18 Standardization: New Directions Practice of Exonyms use in Egypt 19-24 Dealing with Exonyms in Slovenia 25-29 Exonyms Used for Country Names in the 29 Repubic of Korea Botswana – Exonyms – standards or 30 standardization? From the Divisions East Central and South-East Europe 32 Division Portuguese-speaking Division 33 From the Working Groups WG on Exonyms 31 WG on Evaluation and Implementation 34 From the Countries Burkina Faso 34-37 Brazil 38 Canada 38-42 Republic of Korea 42 Indonesia 43 Islamic Republic of Iran 44 Saudi Arabia 45-46 Sri Lanka 46-48 State of Palestine 48-50 Training and Eucation International Consortium of Universities 51 for Training in Geographical Names established Upcoming Meetings 52 UNGEGN Information Bulletin No. 50 June 2106 Page 1 UNGEGN Information Bulletin The Information Bulletin of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (formerly UNGEGN Newsletter) is issued twice a year by the Secretariat of the Group of Experts. The Secretariat is served by the Statistics Division (UNSD), Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Secretariat of the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: a Multilevel Process Theory1
    The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory1 Andreas Wimmer University of California, Los Angeles Primordialist and constructivist authors have debated the nature of ethnicity “as such” and therefore failed to explain why its charac- teristics vary so dramatically across cases, displaying different de- grees of social closure, political salience, cultural distinctiveness, and historical stability. The author introduces a multilevel process theory to understand how these characteristics are generated and trans- formed over time. The theory assumes that ethnic boundaries are the outcome of the classificatory struggles and negotiations between actors situated in a social field. Three characteristics of a field—the institutional order, distribution of power, and political networks— determine which actors will adopt which strategy of ethnic boundary making. The author then discusses the conditions under which these negotiations will lead to a shared understanding of the location and meaning of boundaries. The nature of this consensus explains the particular characteristics of an ethnic boundary. A final section iden- tifies endogenous and exogenous mechanisms of change. TOWARD A COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNIC BOUNDARIES Beyond Constructivism The comparative study of ethnicity rests firmly on the ground established by Fredrik Barth (1969b) in his well-known introduction to a collection 1 Various versions of this article were presented at UCLA’s Department of Sociology, the Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies of the University of Osnabru¨ ck, Harvard’s Center for European Studies, the Center for Comparative Re- search of Yale University, the Association for the Study of Ethnicity at the London School of Economics, the Center for Ethnicity and Citizenship of the University of Bristol, the Department of Political Science and International Relations of University College Dublin, and the Department of Sociology of the University of Go¨ttingen.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism in the Middle East: the Development of Jordanian National Identity Since the Disengagement of 1988
    Durham E-Theses Nationalism in the Middle East: The development of Jordanian national identity since the disengagement of 1988 ABDUL-HADI, AHMAD,OMAR,BAHJAT How to cite: ABDUL-HADI, AHMAD,OMAR,BAHJAT (2016) Nationalism in the Middle East: The development of Jordanian national identity since the disengagement of 1988, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11770/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Nationalism in the Middle East: The development of Jordanian national identity since the disengagement of 1988 Name: Ahmad Omar Bahjat Abdul-Hadi A Thesis submitted for a Degree of Doctor Of Philosophy At The school of Government and International Affairs Durham University 2016 1 2 Abstract This thesis attempts to explain the development of national identity in Jordan in the post-disengagement period since 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Racial and Ethnic Differences in Extended Family, Friendship, Fictive Kin, and Congregational Informal Support Networks
    ROBERT JOSEPH TAYLOR University of Michigan ∗ LINDA M. CHATTERS University of Michigan ∗∗ AMANDA TOLER WOODWARD Michigan State University ∗∗∗ EDNA BROWN University of Connecticut Racial and Ethnic Differences in Extended Family, Friendship, Fictive Kin, and Congregational Informal Support Networks This study examined differences in kin and Black Caribbeans had larger fictive kin networks nonkin networks among African Americans, than non-Hispanic Whites, but non-Hispanic Caribbean Blacks (Black Caribbeans), and non- Whites with fictive kin received support from Hispanic Whites. Data are taken from the them more frequently than African Americans National Survey of American Life, a nation- and Black Caribbeans. The discussion notes ally representative study of African Americans, the importance of examining kin and nonkin net- Black Caribbeans, and non-Hispanic Whites. works, as well as investigating ethnic differences Selected measures of informal support from within the Black American population. family, friendship, fictive kin, and congregation/ church networks were utilized. African Ameri- Involvement with kin and nonkin is an cans were more involved in congregation net- essential component of daily life for the vast works, whereas non-Hispanic Whites were more majority of Americans. Family and friendship involved in friendship networks. African Ameri- support networks are important for coping cans were more likely to give support to extended with the ongoing stresses of daily life (e.g., family members and to have daily interaction Benin & Keith, 1995), providing a place to with family members. African Americans and live when confronting homelessness (Taylor, Chatters, & Celious, 2003), and in coping with physical and mental health problems School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann (Cohen, Underwood, & Gottlieb, 2000; Lincoln, Arbor, MI 48109-1106 ([email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • Nation-Building and Ethnicity1
    Nation-Building and Ethnicity1 There are many terms for defining human groups: they emerged in various societies with different histories and cultural traditions at different times. The meanings of these terms became more confused when they were translated into different languages. In English, there are terms to describe human groups such as “race,” “tribe,” “clan,” “nation,” “people,” “country,” “state,” etc2. Compared with these terms, “ethnic group” and “ethnicity” only appeared recently in the 20th century (Glazer and Moynihan, 1975: 1). These terms emerged in west Europe, the countries initiating the industrial revolution, then were introduced into other parts of the world accompanied by the western merchants, priests, and armies. These Europeans introduced their political and social systems as well as their ideology and values to other people by cultural influence or military force. “Nation-state” was the form of political entity first appearing in Western Europe, then adopted by colonies when they sought independence. “Nation” became an important term in international politics. “Nation-building” became a widespread political process among Asian, African and American countries, together with the powerful “nationalist” movement. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 200 independent countries around the world that were recognized by the international society (the United Nations). An important phenomenon is that political boundaries have not always been drawn according to human group inhabitance but often, oppositely, have been affected by wars, treaties, and international powers. Therefore, there are many different human groups living in the same countries; populations originally from the same group now living on both sides of a boundary.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Language in Eritrea: Equality of Languages Vs
    The Politics of Language In Eritrea: Equality Of Languages Vs. Bilingual Official Language Policy Redie Bereketeab The Nordic Africa Institute Uppsala, Sweden Email: [email protected] Redie Bereketeab is a researcher at the Nordic Africa Institute, Uppala, Sweden. He holds PhD in Sociology from the Department of Sociology at Uppsala University, Sweden. He has written several articles and book chapters. He is also the author of Eritrea: The Making of a Nation, 1890-1991, the Red Sea Press (2007), and State Building in Post-liberation Eritrea: Challenges, achievements and potentials, Adonis & Abbey Publishers (2009). Acknowledgement I am indebted to Kidane Hagos and Phyllis O’Neil therefore I extend my thanks to both. I will also extend my thanks to the anonymous reviewers. Abstract The article analyzes the discourse of politics of language in Eritrea. It argues that the language debate in Eritrea over equality of languages and bilingual official language policy is more about power relations than about language per se. It relates to politics of identity that derive from the construction of two identity formations as understood by political elites. Equality of languages is based on ethnic identity, whereas official language is based on the construction of supra-ethnic civic identity. According to the constructivist bilingual official language Arabic and Tigrinya are supposed to represent two different socio-cultural identity formations, notably, Islamic-Arabic and Christian-Tigrinya. Consequently, the official language policy debate could be construed to derive from politics of power relation where two groups of elites supposedly representing the two identity formations are engaged in power competition reflecting real or imaginary socio-cultural cleavage of respective identity.
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations E/Conf.98/Crp.68 Economic
    UNITED NATIONS E/CONF.98/CRP.68 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL 14 August 2007 Ninth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names New York, 21 - 30 August 2007 Item 14 of the provisional agenda* Terminology in the standardization of geographical names Activities relating to the Working Group on Toponymic Terminology: List of proposed new terms Submitted by the Convenor of the Working Group ** * E/CONF.98/1. ** Prepared by Naftali Kadmon, Emeritus Professor, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. ACTIVITIES RELATING TO THE WORKING GROUP ON TOPONYMIC TERMINOLOGY List of proposed new terms 1. New terms approved by the Working Group between 2002 and 2006 Since the Eighth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, three meetings of the Working Group on Terminology have been held, viz. in 2002, 2004 and 2006 Following the last resolution concerning the Working Group on Terminology, adopted by the Eighth Conference (VIII/3, see above) the following terms and their definitions were proposed by experts, discussed by the Working Group at its meetings and approved for inclusion in the Glossary. In the cases of oronym and ethnonym only the definitions were changed. The number before each term indicates the term in the Glossary after (or, if in parentheses, instead of) which the respective new term should be inserted. 019 authorized name – see name, official. 317 standard name – see name, standardized. 118 geoname – informal alternative for geographical name. 118 geonym – see name, geographical. 345 transboundary name – name of a geographical feature extending over two or more political entities, e.g. rivers and mountain ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • Negotiating Roma Identity in Contemporary Urban Romania: an Ethnographic Study
    NEGOTIATING ROMA IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY URBAN ROMANIA: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY Anca N. Birzescu A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2013 Committee: Radhika Gajjala, Advisor Karen M. Kakas Graduate Faculty Representative Lara Martin Lengel Lynda Dixon © 2013 Anca Birzescu All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Radhika Gajjala, Advisor This dissertation is a critical ethnography of the Roma ethnic minority in post- communist Romania within the socio-economic and political context of the country’s post-accession to the European Union. The focus broadly is on the identity negotiation of the Roma minority in Romanian urban space. To this end, I explore Roma communicative practices in capital city of Bucharest. I examine the urban intercultural contact zones that represent Roma-non Roma relations and interactions. I draw on the productive “travelling” postcolonial theories and translate them into an examination of the Roma minority in Romanian physical space. My ethnography is informed by postcolonial theoretical frameworks that challenge the seemingly dichotomous colonizer/colonized relation. I look at discursive practices among Roma individuals suggesting alternative epistemes to allow for a nuanced understanding of the Roma-non Roma encounter. My methods include in-depth interviews, participant observation, and direct observation. The personal narratives of the 35 participants involved in this study emphasize a range of identity negotiation patterns. These reveal in turn complex, interrelated configurations of internalized oppression, passing, and hybridity that make possible both resistance and conformity to the dominant cultural production of the Gypsy Other.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Human Races in the World (Classification of Human Races ) Dr
    GEOG- CC-13 M.A. Semester III ©Dr. Supriya e-text Paper-CC12 (U-III) Human and Social Geography Major Human races in The World (Classification of Human Races ) Dr. Supriya Assistant Professor (Guest) Ph. D: Geography; M.A. in Geography Post Doc. Fellow (ICSSR), UGC- NET-JRF Department of Geography Patna University, Patna Mob: 9006640841 Email: [email protected] Content Writer & Affiliation Dr Supriya, Asst. Professor (Guest), Patna University Subject Name Geography Paper Code CC-12 Paper Name Human and Social Geography Title of Topic Classification of Human Races Objectives To understand the concept of race and Examined the different views about classification of human races in the World Keywords Races, Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid GEOG- CC-13 M.A. Semester III ©Dr. Supriya Classification of Human Races Dr. Supriya Concept of Race: A Race may be defined as division of mankind into classes of individuals possessing common physical characteristics, traits, appearance that is transmissible by descents & sufficient to characterize it as a distinct human type. Race is a biological grouping within human species distinguished or classified according to genetically transmitted differences. Anthropologists define race as a principal division of mankind, marked by physical characteristics that breed. According to Vidal de la Blache: “A race is great divisions of mankind, the members of which though individually vary, are characterized as a group by certain body characteristics as a group by certain body characteristics which are transmitted by nature & retained from one generation to another”. Race is a biological concept. The term race should not be used in connection with those grouping of mankind such as nation, religion, community & language which depends on feelings, ideas or habits of people and can be changes by the conscious wishes of the individual.
    [Show full text]