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Lokaratna Volume XIII, 2020 ISSN No.2347-6427 . Folklore Foundation, Bhubaneswar,India LOKARATNA, Vol. XIII, 2020 Lokaratna is the e-journal of the Folklore Foundation, Bhubaneswar. Lokaratna is a peer- reviewed International journal with ISSN: 2347-6427.The purpose of the journal is to explore the rich cultural tradition of India for a wider readership. Any scholar across the globe interested to contribute on any aspect of folklore is welcome. This volume represents the articles on culture, folklore, education, and language pedagogy. Folklore Foundation President: Sri Sukant Mishra Managing Trustee and Director: Dr M K Mishra Trustee: Sri Sapan K Prusty Trustee: Sri Durga Prasanna Layak Lokaratna is the official journal of the Folklore Foundation, located in Bhubaneswar, Orissa. Lokaratna is a peer-reviewed academic journal in English. The objectives of the journal are: To invite scholars to contribute research papers on any aspect of folklore, literature, socio-political issues, linguistics and language teaching in English. They should be based on the theory and research methodologies widely adopted in the areas concerned, and on empirical studies with substantial field work. To publish seminal articles written by senior scholars on Folklores, making them available from the original sources. It would help present lives of folklorists, outlining their substantial contribution to existing resources. To publish book reviews, field work reports, descriptions of research projects and announcements for seminars and workshops. To present interviews with eminent folklorists and scholars from India and abroad. Book Review is made by Folklore Foundation. So new books may be sent to the following address: Dr Mahendra K Mishra Request for online/manuscript submissions should be addressed to Mahendra Kumar Mishra, Editor in Chief, Lokaratna, Folklore Foundation, Bhubaneswar, Odisha- 751010, E mail: [email protected] www.folklorefoundation.org.in ii Board of Advisors Prof. Debi Prasanna Pattanayak. Eminent Linguist, Founder Director, CIIL, Mysore, India Prof. Anvita Abbi, Eminent Linguist.Ex Professor, JNU, New Delhi Prof. Mark Turin. Professor, Anthropology, University of British Columbia Prof. Ganesh. N. Devy, Bhasha Research Center, Baroda Prof. Molly Kaushal, Janapada Sampada, IGNCA, New Delhi Prof. Nirupama ModwelI, INTACH, New Delhi Prof. Tatyana Fedosova.Altai University Prof. Irina Samarina, Russian Akademy of Science and Letters, Moscow Editor in Chief: Dr Mahendra K Mishra Executive Editor: Prof. Anand Mahanand, EFLU, Hyderabad, Executive Editor Associate Editor: Dr Subhasis Nanda, Asst Professor, GITAM University Hyderabad Editorial Board – Prof. Ranjan K. Panda, IIT, Bombay Dr Amitendu Bhattacharya, Asst. Professor, BITS Pilani (Goa) Prof. Indranil Acharya, Vidyasagar Univesity, Midnapur, WestBengal Dr ShubhenduMund, Retired Professor in English, Bhubaneswar Dr Akshaya K. Rath, NIT, Rourkela. Ms Mary Provost, UN Forum for Indigenous Issues, Canada Dr C. Vijay Kumar, Assistant Professor, English, BITS- Pilani Dr. Md. Rukan Uddin, Associate Professor, Dept of English, Chittagong University, Bangladesh Prof. Irina Samarina, Linguist, Russian Akademy of Science and Letters , Moscow All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Editor-in Chief, Lokaratna. iii From the Desk of the Editor-in-Chief The global crisis of Covid 2019 has taken many lives, inspire of the dedicated efforts of Doctors, Nurses, Police and public servants. These heroes have dared to fight the Covid 2019 and have lost their lives while on duty. They lost their lives, and their families lost them. Folklore Foundation Family salutes those Corona Heroes who have considered duty as important and have never been afraid of death. This volume is dedicated in the memory of these UNSUNG HEROES. Mahendra Kumar Mishra 5 th August 2020 iv Editorial Conflicts of Interests and Harmony of Adjustment “The deepest source of all calamities in history is misunderstanding. For where we do not understand, we can never be just.” - Rabindranath Tagore We are passing through a difficult time. We faced the ill- effects of COVID-19. We lost lakhs of our fellow beings. Experts opine that the calamity is the result of degradation of ecological equilibrium. We have been clearing forests mindlessly and making concrete jungles in an uncontrolled fashion, leveling lakes and taming rivers, polluting the air and water by running powerful machines. In addition to all these we fight for supremacy to establish superiority. Even in the difficult times, nations compete with one another to become what Aldous Haxley called “world controllers”. Losing basic tenets of humanity, we are ready to sweep out our fellow beings in one go. Uncontrolled science and technology has been helping us in our pursuit to destroy more, gain more and suppress more people. With our reliance on technology and wealth, we forget the real wealth we have as human beings. We don’t try to develop the wealth of love, understanding and kindness which teaches us to live in harmony with Nature which make us think - the world as a family. Now time has come to draw the strength from our inner self. Time has come to nourish and spread the knowledge that will bind us all as human race. The ancient knowledge and episodes of history remind us to live a life of harmony and understanding. Time v has come to recall what Rabindranath Tagore said decades ago: “And so, too, we must know that the great mind of man is one, working through the many differences which are needed to ensure the full result of fundamental unity.” Tagore further said: “we must find some meeting ground, where there can be no question of conflicting interests.”(73). I must say, Lokaratna is just a meagre meeting ground where we exchange ideas on issues of our “human reality.” The coming together of many creative minds through this platform has resulted in a beautiful intellectual gift in the form of this volume of Lokaratna! In spite of several hurdles we have got many good quality articles for this volume. I would like to describe them below. Alice Samson’s article titled “Folkore in the Digital Age: Insights and Possibilities for Indian Folklore” deals with the change of focus in folklore research in India. Anand Mahanand’s article titled“Oral Traditions in Unwritten Languages in the Face of Digital Technology” discusses the kind of changes that take place in folk performances in the wake of digital technology. Aloka Patel in her article titled “‘Vyasa’s Leftovers’: Shifting [Con]texts of Draupadi from Myth to Fiction” explores how the myth of Draupadi has been received and interpreted in different texts at different times. Pradip K. Panda in his article- “The Mimic Men: Ralph Singh, the marginalized Politician” studies aspects of colonial exploitation of the natives of Trinidadas represented by V.S. Naipaul. Prachi Mahima in her article titled “The Inexplicability of Events in the Trial” foregrounds the complex role of events in contributing to the crafting of the text.Deepshikha Das and Bidisha Som in their article titled “Language Learning, Cognitive theory and Multilingualism: A proposal for India” relate cognitive theory to multilingualism and propose how these can be helpful in language education. Padmini Shankar in her article titled “Impact of Teacher Training on Pre-service Teachers’ Belief Formation” studies how pre-service teachers’ beliefs are affected by teacher training. SudeepthiDandapathi’s article “Developing Essay Writing Skills of ESL Learners Using Task Based Language Teaching Approach in AP”explores ways of enhancing Essay writing Skills of Students through Task Based Approach. MonalDewle’s article “Teaching on How to Achieve Impersonal Tone in Report Writing by Reducing the Use of Personal Pronouns” studies how to give a report an impersonal tone by reducing personal pronouns. Akshay Kumar’s article “Language Buddy Scheme’ – Bringing equity in Higher Education to Marginalised students in Contemporary India” explores ways of bringing equity in higher education through multilingual approach to language teaching. vi Mahananda Pathak’s article “Self-assessment at the University Level: An Experiment” proposes self-assessment as a tool to be used for assessing students’ learning. Tannistha Dasgupta’s article “Emerging Trend in Defining and Assessing Fluency in Second Language Speaking” describes the emerging perspectives that help in defining and assessing fluency in L2 speaking. For the Book-Review section, Anand Mahanand reviews a book titled Fantasy Fictions from the Bengal Renaissance by Sanjay Sircar and the second book - Parijata Harana written by Prof. Bsavraj Naikar has been reviewed by Dr. Mahendra Kumar Mishra. For the Interview section we have an interview of Professor Mohan Ramanan who was interviewed by Sindhu Menon. Unfortunately, Sindhu left for heavenly abode recently due to a massive heart attack. She would have been happy to see the volume. We thank the contributors and all the reviewers of the papers. All the articles are well researched and of high standard. It was a wonderful experience interacting with all our contributors and reviewers. We hope that we shall continue to enrich one another through such meaningful interaction and mutual understanding. With this hope and belief we present before you the 13th volume of Lokaratna! Anand Mahanand, Executive Editor,Lokaratna vii Contents Sl Title Name Page no no 1 Folkore
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