DOCSLIB.ORG

State of Conservation of Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
State of Conservation of Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List World Heritage 43 COM WHC/19/43.COM/7B Paris, 20 May 2019 Original: English / French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Forty-third session Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan 30 June - 10 July 2019 Item 7B of the Provisional Agenda: State of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List SUMMARY This document contains information on the state of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. The World Heritage Committee is requested to review the reports on the state of conservation of properties contained in this document. The full reports of Reactive Monitoring missions requested by the World Heritage Committee are available at the following Web address in their original language: http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/43COM/documents All previous state of conservation reports are available through the World Heritage State of conservation Information System at the following Web address: http://whc.unesco.org/en/soc Decision required: The World Heritage Committee may wish to adopt the draft Decision presented at the end of each state of conservation report. Table of content REPORTS ON THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF PROPERTIES INSCRIBED ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST...................................................................................................................................... 6 NATURAL PROPERTIES ....................................................................................................................... 6 ARAB STATES .................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) (N 1263) ................................................................................... 6 ASIA-PACIFIC ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Greater Blue Mountains Area (Australia) (N 917) .................................................................... 7 3. The Sundarbans (Bangladesh) (N 798) ................................................................................... 7 4. South China Karst Phase II (China) (N 1248bis) ..................................................................... 7 5. Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Area (China) (N 1083bis) ..................................... 7 6. Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area (China) (N 640) ............................................... 7 7. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (India) (N 338) .............................................................................. 10 8. Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (India) (N 1406rev) ............................... 13 9. Lorentz National Park (Indonesia) (N 955) ............................................................................ 16 10. Shiretoko (Japan) (N 1193) .................................................................................................... 19 11. Chitwan National Park (Nepal) (N 284) .................................................................................. 22 12. Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (Viet Nam) (N 951bis) ................................................... 25 EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA .................................................................................................... 29 13. Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine) (N 1133ter) ................................................................................................... 29 14. Białowieża Forest (Belarus, Poland) (N 33ter)....................................................................... 33 15. Wood Buffalo National Park (Canada) (N 256) ...................................................................... 36 16. Golden Mountains of Altai (Russian Federation) (N 768rev) ................................................. 37 17. Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve (Russian Federation) (N 1023rev) .................... 40 18. Western Caucasus (Russian Federation) (N 900) ................................................................. 42 19. Durmitor National Park (Montenegro) (N 100bis) .................................................................. 45 20. Doñana National Park (Spain) (N 685bis) .............................................................................. 45 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ........................................................................................ 50 21. Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System (Belize) (N 764) ........................................................... 50 22. Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks (Brazil) (N 1035) ............................................................................................................................................... 52 23. Los Katíos National Park (Colombia) (N 711) ........................................................................ 54 24. Area de Conservación Guanacaste (Costa Rica) (N 928bis) ................................................ 57 25. Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park (Costa Rica, Panama) (N 205bis) ............................................................................................................................... 61 26. Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California (Mexico) (N 1182ter) .......................... 63 27. Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (Mexico) (N 1290) ..................................................... 64 28. Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection (Panama) (N 1138rev) ....... 66 State of conservation of properties WHC/19/43.COM/7B, p. 2 Inscribed on the World Heritage List AFRICA .............................................................................................................................................. 67 29. Dja Faunal Reserve (Cameroon) (N 407) .............................................................................. 67 30. Sangha Trinational (Cameroon,Central African Republic,Congo) (N 1380rev) ..................... 67 31. Taï National Park (Côte d'Ivoire) (N 195) ............................................................................... 70 32. Comoé National Park (Côte d'Ivoire) (N 227) ........................................................................ 72 33. Kenya Lake System in the Great Rift Valley (Kenya) (N 1060rev) ........................................ 75 34. Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls (Zambia, Zimbabwe) (N 509) ................................................ 77 MIXED PROPERTIES ........................................................................................................................... 82 ARAB STATES .................................................................................................................................. 82 35. The Ahwar of Southern Iraq: Refuge of Biodiversity and the Relict Landscape of the Mesopotamian Cities (Iraq) (C/N 1481) ................................................................................. 82 EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA .................................................................................................... 83 36. Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region (North Macedonia) (C/N 99ter) ................ 83 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ........................................................................................ 88 37. Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu (Peru) (C/N 274) .......................................................... 88 AFRICA .............................................................................................................................................. 93 38. Maloti-Drakensberg Park (Lesotho, South Africa) (C/N 985bis) ............................................ 93 39. Ngorongoro Conservation Area (United Republic of Tanzania) (C/N 39bis) .......................... 96 CULTURAL PROPERTIES ................................................................................................................... 97 ARAB STATES .................................................................................................................................. 97 40. Kasbah of Algiers (Algeria) (C 565) ....................................................................................... 97 41. Tipasa (Algeria) (C 193) ....................................................................................................... 100 42. Qal’at al-Bahrain – Ancient Harbour and Capital of Dilmun (Bahrain) (C 1192ter) .............. 103 43. Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis (Egypt) (C 87) .............................................................. 106 44. Historic Cairo (C 89) ............................................................................................................. 109 45. Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur (Egypt) (C 86) .... 109 46. Baptism Site “Bethany Beyond the Jordan” (Al-Maghtas) (Jordan) (C 1446) ...................... 109 47. Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (Jordan) (C 1093) ............................................................... 112 48. Byblos (Lebanon) (C 295) ..................................................................................................... 114 49. Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Community and Buildings in Conservation Energy
    International Energy Agency Technical Synthesis Report Annexes 22 & 33 Energy Efficient Communities & Advanced Local Energy Planning (ALEP) Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Community and Buildings in Conservation Energy Technical Synthesis Report Annexes 22 & 33 Energy Efficient Communities & Advanced Local Energy Planning (ALEP) Edited by Richard Barton Annex 22 information based on the final reports of the project. Contributing authors: R.Jank, J.Johnsson, S Rath-Nagel Annex 33 information based on the final reports of the project. Contributing authors: R Jank, Th Steidle, B Ryden, H Skoldberg, S Rath-Nagel, V Cuomo, M Macchiato, D Scaramuccia, Th Kilthau, W Grevers, M Salvia, Ch Schlenzig, C Cosmi Published by Faber Maunsell Ltd on behalf of the International Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme © Copyright FaberMaunsell Ltd 2005 All property rights, including copyright, are vested in the ECBCS ExCo Support Services Unit - ESSU (FaberMaunsell Ltd) on behalf of the International Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme. In particular, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of FaberMaunsell Ltd. Published by FaberMaunsell Ltd, Marlborough House, Upper Marlborough Rd, St Albans, Hertford- shire, AL1 3UT, United Kingdom Disclaimer Notice: This publication has been compiled with reasonable skill and care. However, neither FaberMaunsell Ltd nor the ECBCS Contracting Parties (of the International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for a Programme of Research and Development on Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems) make any representation as to the adequacy or accuracy of the information contained herein, or as to its suitability for any particular application, and accept no responsibility or liability arising out of the use of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • How Immigrants Contribute to Thailand's Economy
    How Immigrants Contribute to Thailand’s Economy The effects of immigration on the Thai economy are considerable, as the number of Economy Thailand’s to Contribute Immigrants How immigrants has increased rapidly since the turn of the century. Immigrant workers now contribute to all economic sectors, and are important for the workforce in industrial How Immigrants Contribute sectors, such as construction and manufacturing, and in some service sectors, including private household services. Immigration in Thailand is associated with an improvement of labour market outcomes of the native-born population, and in particular appears to to Thailand’s Economy increase paid employment opportunities. Immigration is also likely to raise income per capita in Thailand, due to the relatively high share of the immigrant population which is employed and therefore contributes to economic output. Policies aiming to further diversify employment opportunities for immigrant workers could be benefi cial for the economic contribution of immigration. How Immigrants Contribute to Thailand’s Economy is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The project aimed to analyse several economic impacts – on the labour market, economic growth, and public fi nance – of immigration in ten partner countries: Argentina, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Rwanda, South Africa and Thailand. The empirical evidence stems from a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of secondary and in some cases primary data sources. Consult this publication on line at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264287747-en This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Landscape of Bali Province (Indonesia) No 1194Rev
    International Assistance from the World Heritage Fund for preparing the Nomination Cultural Landscape of Bali Province 30 June 2001 (Indonesia) Date received by the World Heritage Centre No 1194rev 31 January 2007 28 January 2011 Background This is a deferred nomination (32 COM, Quebec City, Official name as proposed by the State Party 2008). The Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana The World Heritage Committee adopted the following Philosophy decision (Decision 32 COM 8B.22): Location The World Heritage Committee, Province of Bali 1. Having examined Documents WHC-08/32.COM/8B Indonesia and WHC-08/32.COM/INF.8B1, 2. Defers the examination of the nomination of the Brief description Cultural Landscape of Bali Province, Indonesia, to the Five sites of rice terraces and associated water temples World Heritage List in order to allow the State Party to: on the island of Bali represent the subak system, a a) reconsider the choice of sites to allow a unique social and religious democratic institution of self- nomination on the cultural landscape of Bali that governing associations of farmers who share reflects the extent and scope of the subak system of responsibility for the just and efficient use of irrigation water management and the profound effect it has water needed to cultivate terraced paddy rice fields. had on the cultural landscape and political, social and agricultural systems of land management over at The success of the thousand year old subak system, least a millennia; based on weirs to divert water from rivers flowing from b) consider re-nominating a site or sites that display volcanic lakes through irrigation tunnels onto rice the close link between rice terraces, water temples, terraces carved out of the flanks of mountains, has villages and forest catchment areas and where the created a landscape perceived to be of great beauty and traditional subak system is still functioning in its one that is ecologically sustainable.
    [Show full text]
  • National Report of Thailand Convention on Nuclear
    NATIONAL REPORT OF THAILAND CONVENTION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY The 8th Review Meeting Office of Atoms for Peace Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation August, 2019 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Reporting Article by Article 2 Article 6 Existing Nuclear Installations . 2 Article 7 Legislative and Regulatory Framework . 6 Article 8 Regulatory Body . 19 Article 9 Responsibility of the License Holder . 24 Article 10 Priority to Safety . 27 Article 11 Financial and Human Resources . 28 Article 12 Human Factors . 30 Article 13 Quality Assurance . 31 Article 14 Assessment and Verification of Safety . 33 Article 15 Radiation Protection . 34 Article 16 Emergency Preparedness . 35 Article 17 Siting . 42 Article 18 Design and Construction . 45 Article 19 Operation . 48 3 Appendix 54 I. List of Abbreviations . 55 1 1. Introduction Thailand deposited the instrument of accession for the Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS) with the Director General of IAEA on July 3, 2018. Thailand has been a contracting party since October 1, 2018. Currently, Thailand does not have any nuclear installations. Its latest Power Development Plan (PDP) which was issued in 2018 no longer contains nuclear energy in its energy mix. However, Thailand had once included a nuclear power with different capacities in its previous three versions of PDP from 2007 to 2015. Thailand has only one research reactor, the Thai Research Reactor-1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1), which has been operated since the nuclear energy was first introduced to Thailand in 1962. Currently TRR-1/M1 is under operation of Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT), which is a governmental public organization under Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Models, Frameworks and Decision Support Tools to Guide Management and Planning in Northern Australia Final Report
    Integrated models, frameworks and decision support tools to guide management and planning in Northern Australia Final report Natalie Stoeckl, Daniel Grainger, Michelle Esparon, Marina Farr, Silva Larson, Mark Kennard, Jorge G Álvarez-Romero, Lorenzo Cattarino, Vanessa Adams, Michael Douglas, Bob Pressey and David Pannell © James Cook University, 2016 Integrated models, frameworks and decision support tools to guide management and planning in northern Australia is licensed by James Cook University for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia licence. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This report should be cited as: Stoeckl, N., Grainger, D., Esparon, M., Farr, M., Larson, S., Kennard, M., Álvarez-Romero, J., Cattarino, L., Adams, V., Douglas, M., Pressey, B. and Pannell, D. 2016. Integrated models, frameworks and decision support tools to guide management and planning in Northern Australia. James Cook University, Townsville. Cover images: Front cover: Irrigated agriculture in northern Australia (photo Michael Douglas). Back cover: Part of the decision tree created from this project. This report is available for download from the NESP Northern Australia Environmental Resources Hub website: www.nespnorthern.edu.au The Northern Australia Environmental Resources Hub is supported through funding from the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Programme. The NESP NAER Hub is hosted by Charles Darwin University. ISBN 978–1-925167-77-1 December 2016 Printed by Uniprint Executive Summary There is a lot of interest in developing northern Australia while also caring for the unique Australian landscape (Commonwealth of Australia 2015). However, trying to decide how to develop and protect at the same time can be a challenge.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on Stopping Illegal Construction in Kosovo
    How to Clean Up a City – a Case Study on Stopping Illegal Construction in Kosovo Commandment number 2 in promising to combat corruption in a small, developing country is to have a long-term, strategic plan. But perhaps that was not important because the newly elected Mayor of Prishtina, Shpend Ahmeti, might have not thought of commandment number 1, which is that there is a possibility that someone will kill you for undertaking this endeavor. In 2000, just after the war in Kosovo ended, Rexhep Luci, the city planning director working for the UN, was shot six times and killed because he was trying to stop the illegal constructions that had already become a problem in the capital city.[1] This murder case has still not been resolved. 15 years later, Mayor Ahmeti campaigned for mayor by promising to restore the faith of the residents of Prishtina in local governance and rule of law. Among his promises, including 24/7 water supply and a modern urban transport that would replace the old buses of former Yugoslavia, the soon-to-be Mayor pledged to deal with the illegal construction that had overtaken Kosovo’s capital city’s landscape. Five months into his mandate, an assassination plan against him was exposed; his plans to regulate construction in the capital city did not fit well with large companies that had been profiting off this unregulated landscape mess. That did not stop Mayor Ahmeti from waging a war against the illegal construction, as he had promised during the campaign. Overbuilding in Peace After the war in 1999, construction became the most profitable business of choice by large businesses.
    [Show full text]
  • A Discursive Project of Low-Carbon City in Shenzhen, China
    Anti-Carbonism or Carbon Exceptionalism: A Discursive Project of Low-Carbon City in Shenzhen, China Yunjing Li Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2019 2019 Yunjing Li All rights reserved ABSTRACT Anti-Carbonism or Carbon Exceptionalism: A Discursive Project of Low-Carbon City in Shenzhen, China Yunjing Li As the role of cities in addressing climate change has been increasingly recognized over the past two decades, the idea of a low-carbon city becomes a dominant framework to organize urban governance and envision a sustainable urban future. It also becomes a development discourse in the less developed world to guide the ongoing urbanization process. China’s efforts toward building low-carbon cities have been inspiring at first and then obscured by the halt or total failure of famous mega-projects, leading to a conclusion that Chinese low-carbon cities compose merely a strategy of green branding for promoting local economy. This conclusion, however, largely neglects the profound implications of the decarbonization discourse for the dynamics between the central and local governments, which together determine the rules and resources for development practices. The conclusion also hinders the progressive potentials of the decarbonization discourse in terms of introducing new values and norms to urban governance. This dissertation approaches “low-carbon cities” as a part of the decarbonization
    [Show full text]
  • 16 Commentary on Thailand's Plant Varieties Protection
    Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis 16 Commentary on Thailand’s Plant Varieties Protection Act Gabrielle Gagné and Chutima Ratanasatien The Thai Plant Varieties Protection Act, 1999, (PVPA)1 is a sui generis system that contains three types of protections for plant varieties: (1) intellectual prop- erty protections for new plant varieties that are novel, distinct, uniform and stable; (2) intellectual property protections for local domestic varieties which are distinct, uniform and stable (DUS), but not necessarily novel; and (3) access and benefit sharing–style protections for general domestic plant varieties and wild plant varieties. Interestingly, while wild plant varieties do not have to be uniform, the Act stipulates that they must be stable and distinct.2 Protection of new plant varieties The conditions for protection of new plant varieties is very similar in some respect to those included in the UPOV Convention (International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) system. In addition to having to be DUS,3 new plant varieties must not have been distributed in or outside the Kingdom by the breeder or with the breeder’s consent for more than one year prior to the date of application. This condition is, of course, roughly equivalent to the concept of commercial novelty included in the UPOV Conventions and many countries’ plant variety protection laws.4 The rights conferred with respect to new plant varieties are also roughly equivalent to those provided for under UPOV 1991,5 although the limits to the scope of protection differ in several manners,6 and the protection periods are shorter7 than those established by UPOV 1991.8 Going beyond the UPOV Conventions, the Thai law requires applications for new plant variety protection to include details about the origin of the genetic material used for breeding,9 as well as a proof of a profit-sharing agree- ment when general domestic or wild plant varieties have been used for breed- ing of the variety.10 Accepted varieties are included in a national register of protected varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • Board of Editors
    2020-2021 Board of Editors EXECUTIVE BOARD Editor-in-Chief KATHERINE LEE Managing Editor Associate Editor KATHRYN URBAN KYLE SALLEE Communications Director Operations Director MONICA MIDDLETON CAMILLE RYBACKI KOCH MATTHEW SANSONE STAFF Editors PRATEET ASHAR WENDY ATIENO KEYA BARTOLOMEO Fellows TREVOR BURTON SABRINA CAMMISA PHILIP DOLITSKY DENTON COHEN ANNA LOUGHRAN SEAMUS LOVE IRENE OGBO SHANNON SHORT PETER WHITENECK FACULTY ADVISOR PROFESSOR NANCY SACHS Thailand-Cambodia Border Conflict: Sacred Sites and Political Fights Ihechiluru Ezuruonye Introduction “I am not the enemy of the Thai people. But the [Thai] Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister look down on Cambodia extremely” He added: “Cambodia will have no happiness as long as this group [PAD] is in power.” - Cambodian PM Hun Sen Both sides of the border were digging in their heels; neither leader wanted to lose face as doing so could have led to a dip in political support at home.i Two of the most common drivers of interstate conflict are territorial disputes and the politicization of deep-seated ideological ideals such as religion. Both sources of tension have contributed to the emergence of bloody conflicts throughout history and across different regions of the world. Therefore, it stands to reason, that when a specific geographic area is bestowed religious significance, then conflict is particularly likely. This case study details the territorial dispute between Thailand and Cambodia over Prasat (meaning ‘temple’ in Khmer) Preah Vihear or Preah Vihear Temple, located on the border between the two countries. The case of the Preah Vihear Temple conflict offers broader lessons on the social forces that make religiously significant territorial disputes so prescient and how national governments use such conflicts to further their own political agendas.
    [Show full text]
  • Combining the Conservation of Biodiversity with The
    sustainability Article Combining the Conservation of Biodiversity with the Provision of Ecosystem Services in Urban Green Infrastructure Planning: Critical Features Arising from a Case Study in the Metropolitan Area of Rome Giulia Capotorti, Eva Del Vico *, Ilaria Anzellotti and Laura Celesti-Grapow Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (I.A.); [email protected] (L.C.-G.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-06-4991-2420 Academic Editors: Karsten Grunewald and Olaf Bastian Received: 5 August 2016; Accepted: 15 December 2016; Published: 23 December 2016 Abstract: A large number of green infrastructure (GI) projects have recently been proposed, planned and implemented in European cities following the adoption of the GI strategy by the EU Commission in 2013. Although this policy tool is closely related to biodiversity conservation targets, some doubts have arisen as regards the ability of current urban GI to provide beneficial effects not only for human societies but also for the ecological systems that host them. The aim of this work is to review the features that should be considered critical when searching for solutions that simultaneously support biodiversity and guarantee the provision of ecosystem services (ES) in urban areas. Starting from a case study in the metropolitan area of Rome, we highlight the role of urban trees and forests as proxies for overall biodiversity and as main ecosystem service providers. We look beyond the individual functional features of plant species and vegetation communities to promote the biogeographic representativity, ecological coherence and landscape connectivity of new or restored GI elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Value of Residential Open Space: Designation and Management Language of Florida’S Land Development Regulations
    Sustainability 2010, 2, 1536-1552; doi:10.3390/su2061536 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article Conservation Value of Residential Open Space: Designation and Management Language of Florida’s Land Development Regulations Dara M. Wald * and Mark E. Hostetler Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-781-964-5807; Fax: +1-352-392-6984. Received: 15 April 2010; in revised form: 27 April 2010 / Accepted: 26 May 2010 / Published: 1 June 2010 Abstract: The conservation value of open space depends upon the quantity and quality of the area protected, as well as how it is designed and managed. This study reports the results of a content analysis of Florida county Land Development Regulations. Codes were reviewed to determine the amount of open space required, how open space is protected during construction, the delegation of responsibilities, and the designation of funds for management. Definitions of open space varied dramatically across the state. Most county codes provided inadequate descriptions of management recommendations, which could lead to a decline in the conservation value of the protected space. Keywords: conservation development; environmental policy; regulations; open space 1. Introduction Throughout the United States, sprawling development patterns consume excessive amounts of land and result in a pattern of haphazardly arranged, unplanned, car-dependent communities [1,2]. Direct results of sprawl include increased pollution and congestion, the loss of farmland and open space, and the destruction of rare habitats [1,3,4].
    [Show full text]
  • The Institutional Viability of Water Management Practices in Subak Deman
    The institutional viability of water management practices in subak Deman Dicky Fransisco Simanjuntak 840511181120 September 2018 MSc thesis Knowledge, Technology and Innovation CPT-80836 Supervisor: dr.ir. SR (Sietze) Vellema 1 Executive Summary Local irrigation system managed in Bali namely subak Deman is under pressure from water scarcity. Most literatures on water management focus on the actors; however there is less emphasis on the practice and institution that emerges from the practice. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand to what extent and how the institutional features of water management practices in the subak system stay intact under the condition of external pressures. This research evaluated the institutional features of water management practices in subak Deman using Perri 6’s institutional viability theory by observing water management practices and interviewing the actors on the way they manage the irrigation system. By doing that, this research understood whether the institution can survive under the external pressure. This research was done for 3 months in subak Deman, Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on water management from the perspective of institutional dynamic of water management practices. Key words: water management-social technical practices-institutional viability-solidarities- subak 2 Acknowledgements All praise, honour and glory to my saviour Jesus Christ, for His abundant grace and mercy for the accomplishment of this thesis. I would like to thank my supervisor dr.ir. Sietze Vellema, who always guides and supports me in completing this research. I would like also to thank my second reader dr.ir. Harro Maat, for your time in reading this report.
    [Show full text]