DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Copy 2019 05 07 Chen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Chen, Chien-Nien Title: Harmonious Environmental Management of Cultural Heritage and Nature General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. Harmonious Environmental Management of Cultural Heritage and Nature By Chien-Nien Chen (Otto Chen) BSc, MSc A Dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Mar 2019 Approximately 74000 words One night a man had a dream. He dreamed he was walking along the beach with the Lord. Across the sky flashed scenes from his life. For each scene, he noticed two sets of footprints in the sand: one belonging to him and the other to the Lord. When the last scene of his life flashed before him, he looked back at the footprints in the sand. He noticed that at the very lowest and saddest times in his life, there was only one set of footprints. This really bothered him and he questioned the Lord about it. The Lord replied, "My precious child, I love you and I would never leave you. During your times of trial and suffering, when you see only one set of footprints, it was then that I carried you." To the Lord ABSTRACT Currently, there is a lack of substantial integration in considering both natural and heritage environment with respect to managing change in either heritage conservation or environment protection. The failure of achieving harmonious environmental management can hence often be seen, leading to conflicting situation or even irreversible loss. This study therefore seeks to develop a framework/methodology for ‘Harmonious Environmental Management of Cultural Heritage and Nature (i.e. water environment particularly)’, to simultaneously mitigate the existing knowledge gaps in both domains, through a holistic view that is scarce in literature. The study primarily examines the issues from values-based theory, minimal intervention theory, the dichotomy between culture and nature, and the conduct of Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA), all play critical roles in managing change whilst they are either narrow in considerations or confined to some extents, leading to the inadequacy in application and the incapability to catch up with the latest revolution of heritage conservation that features broadening the lens to people and nature, rather than merely the fabric. The research proposes some novel perspectives and approaches, through the explorations from the sphere of philosophy, theory, practice, to application sphere, presented respectively as four chapters. Moreover, it covers different temporal (past, present and future) and spatial (regional and global) scales, as follows: 1) for the past, the regional pluralism of heritage conservation is echoed. It explores the philosophy of ancient Chinese regarding the interaction between people, nature and built world, as well as accommodating changes, as the underlying core concept—harmony—for the rest chapters; 2) for the present, a more comprehensive intervention approach featuring matrix thinking covering heritage, nature and people sphere is developed. Followed by examining the emerging issues in conducting HIA that has troubled the world: 3) the incompatibility of HIA within Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which portrays four patterns of statutory system from global lens, and proposes a HIA approach in response to the troublesome discourse; and 4) for the future, a participatory decision-making support method is developed for environmental planning involving water cultural heritage and nature, which is also a manifestation of the applicability of the proposed matrix approach. The integrated method tackles a real dilemma case in a historic town of Taiwan, with a scarce function of scenario forecasting to address the condition of the context. This part is presented as a more pragmatic and quantitative complement to the conceptual developments in the previous parts, for rounding out the whole exploration towards harmonious change management. Keywords: Buddhism; community engagement; Chinese cultural heritage; Confucianism; Contingent Valuation Method; cultural pluralism; Daxi togan; Heritage Impact Assessment; Huaqing Palace; I Ching ; Minimal Intervention; multi-criteria decision analysis; resilience; setting; sustainability; Taoism; water heritage i ii AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I declare that the work in this dissertation was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the University's Regulations and Code of Practice for Research Degree Programmes and that it has not been submitted for any other academic award. Except where indicated by specific reference in the text, the work is the candidate's own work. Work done in collaboration with, or with the assistance of, others, is indicated as such. Any views expressed in the dissertation are those of the author. SIGNED: .............................................................DATE:.......................... iii iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Dawei Han, for his enormously support. Over the past four years, I am indebted to not only his excellent expertise, selfless spirit, inspiring manner and positive research attitude in guiding me to the right research direction, but also his constant and kind support to my personal life, which will be tremendously beneficial to the future life of mine and my family. My sincere appreciations also go to the reviewer of my PhD study, Dr Ross Woods, for his advice and guidance in reviewing my research progress; they also go to Dr Francesca Pianosi for her kind help guiding me in the research methods. Earnest thanks should go to Mr Jeremy Groome for his warm-hearted help and significant advices for my PhD study. I am thankful to him not only for his proofreading, but also for his friendship and support. Sincere thanks also go to Mr Mark Williams of Bath city council for his valuable support for the data collection in the World Heritage site. I would also like to acknowledge the scholarship supported by Ministry of Education, Taiwan, as well as Education Division, Taipei Representative Office in the UK, for providing the financial and living support. They are the key to make my life in the UK come true. I would also like to express my sincere appreciations to the two examiners of my viva, Prof Martin Crapper and Prof Xiaojun Wang. Without their helpful comments and kind teaching, the thesis cannot be substantial improved. Finally, but by no means least, I owe my utmost gratitude to my dearest family members for their selfless support both financially and spiritually. My study would not have been accomplished without their heartfelt and consistent encouragement. March 2019 (Chien-Nien Chen) v vi LIST OF PUBLICTIONS Journal papers: 1. Chen, O . and Han, D. Rediscovering the Idea of Cultural Heritage and the Relationship with Nature—Four Schools of Essential Thought of Ancient Chinese Journal of Heritage. (Under review, presented as Chapter 4) 2. Chen, O . and Han, D. A Comprehensive Matrix Thinking Towards Intervention in Heritage Management: Water Heritage Helps. International journal of heritage studies . (Under review, presented as Chapter 5) 3. Chen, O . and Han, D. To Reshape Heritage Impact Assessment Dominated by Multiple Discourses: Analysing Statutory System and Developing a New HIA Approach. International journal of heritage studies . (Under review, presented as Chapter 6) 4. Chen, O . and Han, D., 2018. A participatory multiple criteria decision analysis to tackle a complex environmental problem involving cultural water heritage and nature. Journal of Water . (Published, presented as Chapter 7) Conferences : 5. Chen, O. and Han, D., 2016, November. Water Heritage: Classification and Degrees of Intervention. In 12th International Conference on Hydroscience & Engineering . (Oral presentation) 6. Chen, O. and Han, D., 2017, April. A new Heritage Impact Assessment matrix for sustainability and resilience to hazards-from water heritage point of view. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (Vol. 19, p. 4746). (Poster presentation) vii viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND
Recommended publications
  • Thesis, Dissertation

    Thesis, Dissertation

    AN EXPLORATION OF SMALL TOWN SENSIBILTIES by Lucas William Winter A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture in Architecture MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2010 ©COPYRIGHT by Lucas William Winter 2010 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Lucas William Winter This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citation, bibliographic style, and consistency and is ready for submission to the Division of Graduate Education. Steven Juroszek Approved for the Department of Architecture Faith Rifki Approved for the Division of Graduate Education Dr. Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. If I have indicated my intention to copyright this thesis by including a copyright notice page, copying is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted only by the copyright holder. Lucas William Winter April 2010 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. THESIS STATEMENT AND INRO…...........................................................................1 2. HISTORY…....................................................................................................................4 3. INTERVIEW - WARREN AND ELIZABETH RONNING….....................................14 4. INTERVIEW - BOB BARTHELMESS.…………………...…....................................20 5. INTERVIEW - RUTH BROWN…………………………...…....................................27 6. INTERVIEW - VIRGINIA COFFEE …………………………...................................31 7. CRITICAL REGIONALISM AS RESPONSE TO GLOBALIZATION…………......38 8.
  • Cultural Landscape of Bali Province (Indonesia) No 1194Rev

    Cultural Landscape of Bali Province (Indonesia) No 1194Rev

    International Assistance from the World Heritage Fund for preparing the Nomination Cultural Landscape of Bali Province 30 June 2001 (Indonesia) Date received by the World Heritage Centre No 1194rev 31 January 2007 28 January 2011 Background This is a deferred nomination (32 COM, Quebec City, Official name as proposed by the State Party 2008). The Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana The World Heritage Committee adopted the following Philosophy decision (Decision 32 COM 8B.22): Location The World Heritage Committee, Province of Bali 1. Having examined Documents WHC-08/32.COM/8B Indonesia and WHC-08/32.COM/INF.8B1, 2. Defers the examination of the nomination of the Brief description Cultural Landscape of Bali Province, Indonesia, to the Five sites of rice terraces and associated water temples World Heritage List in order to allow the State Party to: on the island of Bali represent the subak system, a a) reconsider the choice of sites to allow a unique social and religious democratic institution of self- nomination on the cultural landscape of Bali that governing associations of farmers who share reflects the extent and scope of the subak system of responsibility for the just and efficient use of irrigation water management and the profound effect it has water needed to cultivate terraced paddy rice fields. had on the cultural landscape and political, social and agricultural systems of land management over at The success of the thousand year old subak system, least a millennia; based on weirs to divert water from rivers flowing from b) consider re-nominating a site or sites that display volcanic lakes through irrigation tunnels onto rice the close link between rice terraces, water temples, terraces carved out of the flanks of mountains, has villages and forest catchment areas and where the created a landscape perceived to be of great beauty and traditional subak system is still functioning in its one that is ecologically sustainable.
  • Steven Holl Architects

    Steven Holl Architects

    MUMBAI CITY MUSEUM NORTH WING DESIGN COMPETITION EXHIBITION Shortlisted Teams’ Summaries Steven Holl Architects Winner ADDITION AS SUBTRACTION: Mumbai City Museum’s new North Wing addition is envisioned as a sculpted subtraction from a simple geometry formed by the site boundaries. The sculpted cuts into the white concrete structure bring diffused natural light into the upper galleries. Deeper subtractive cuts bring in exactly twenty-five lumens of natural light to each gallery. The basically orthogonal galleries are given a sense of flow and spatial overlap from the light cuts. The central cut forms a shaded monsoon water basin which runs into a central pool. In addition to evaporative cooling, the pool provides sixty per cent of the museum’s electricity through photovoltaic cells located below the water’s surface. The white concrete structure has an extension of local rough-cut Indian Agra red stone. The circulation through the galleries is one of spatial energy, while the orthogonal layout of the walls foregrounds the spectacular Mumbai City Museum collections. MUMBAI CITY MUSEUM NORTH WING DESIGN COMPETITION EXHIBITION Shortlisted Teams’ Summaries AL_A Honourable mention Using the power of absence to create connections between the old and the new, a sunken courtyard or aangan, taking inspiration from the deep and meaningful significance of the Indian stepwell, is embedded between the existing Museum building and the new North Wing. The courtyard is a metaphor for the cycle of the seasons, capturing the dramatic contrasts of the climate in the fabric of the museum. It is a metaphor for the cycle of time, where people can rethink their place in the world in a space for contemplation and a place for art and culture.
  • The Cultural Sites of Al Ain (United Arab Emirates) No 1343

    The Cultural Sites of Al Ain (United Arab Emirates) No 1343

    Background This is a new nomination. The cultural sites of Al Ain (United Arab Emirates) Consultations ICOMOS consulted its International Scientific No 1343 Committees on Archaeological Heritage Management and on Cultural Landscapes, and several independent experts. Literature consulted (selection) Official name as proposed by the State Party The Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud Al-Jabir Al-Sabah, S., Les Émirats du Golfe, histoire d'un and Oases Areas) peuple, Paris, 1980. Location Cleuziou, S., “French Archaeological Mission, 1st mission…”, Abu Dhabi Archaeology in the United Arab Émirates, vol I, 1977. Regions and districts of: Al Ain Central District, Al Jimi, Al Mutaredh, Al Mutawa’a, Al Muwaiji, Al Qattara, Bidaa Bint Cleuziou, S., et al., Essays on the late prehistory of the Arabian peninsula, Rome, 2002. Saud, Falaj Hazza, Hili, Jebel Hafit, Sanaiya and Shiab Al Ashkar Méry, S., Fine Wadi Suq Ware from Hili and Shimal Sites United Arab Emirates (United Arab Emirates): A Technological and Provenience Analysis, 1987. Brief description The various sites of Al Ain and its neighbouring region Said Al-Jahwari, N., “The agricultural basis of Umm an-Nar provide testimony to very ancient sedentary human society in the northern Oman peninsula (2500–2000 BC)”, occupation in a desert region. Occupied continuously Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 20-2, 2009. since the Neolithic, the region presents vestiges of Technical Evaluation Mission numerous protohistoric cultures, notably from the Bronze An ICOMOS technical evaluation mission visited the Age and the Iron Age. Very diverse in nature, these property from 11 to 16 October 2010.
  • English / French

    English / French

    World Heritage 38 COM WHC-14/38.COM/8B Paris, 30 April 2014 Original: English / French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Thirty-eighth session Doha, Qatar 15 – 25 June 2014 Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8B. Nominations to the World Heritage List SUMMARY This document presents the nominations to be examined by the Committee at its 38th session (Doha, 2014). It is divided into four sections: I Changes to names of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List II Examination of nominations of natural, mixed and cultural properties to the World Heritage List III Statements of Outstanding Universal Value of the three properties inscribed at the 37th session (Phnom Penh, 2013) and not adopted by the World Heritage Committee IV Record of the physical attributes of each property being discussed at the 38th session The document presents for each nomination the proposed Draft Decision based on the recommendations of the appropriate Advisory Body(ies) as included in WHC-14/38.COM/INF.8B1 and WHC-14/38.COM/INF.8B2 and it provides a record of the physical attributes of each property being discussed at the 38th session. The information is presented in two parts: • a table of the total surface area of each property and any buffer zone proposed, together with the geographic coordinates of each site's approximate centre point; and • a set of separate tables presenting the component parts of each of the 16 proposed serial properties.
  • DSS Senior Serv-Final-Ocr.Pdf

    DSS Senior Serv-Final-Ocr.Pdf

    DATE: November 29, 2018 TO: Finance Committee FROM: Gino Rinaldi, Di vision of Senior Services Director ~ VIA: Kyra Ochoa, Community Services Department Director tf::__---- SUI\11\1ARY: Procurement of Senior Services Transit Vans (5) Statewide Price Agreements No. 60-000-15-00015 Vendor: Creative Bus Sales, Inc. The Division of Senior Services (DSS) is requesting the use of the abovementioned Statewide Price Agreement for the procurement of program vehicles in the total amount of $263,758.45 (details shown below). UNIT COST VENDOR ITEM QUANTITY (including TOTAL COST additions) Creative Bus Sales, Starcrafl Starlitc Inc. (SPA#60-000-15- 4 S53,665.89 S214,663.56 Wheelchair \Inn 00015) Creative Bus Sales, Starcraft Starlitc Inc. (SP.'\#60-000-15 - I S49,094.89 S49,094.89 Transit Van 00015) DSS uses the transit \'chicles for transporting seniors (many of whom are frail) to their medical appointments, grocery shopping, meals and activities at five senior centers operated by DSS. These new vehicles will replace the ones that have reached their lifespan. lt is critical for DSS to purchase the replacements as soon as possible to meet the seniors' growing demand for these services, and to comply with their contract fu nding requirements. Funt.ling for this procurement is available via AL TSD Grant Project A 16-5087 in Business Unit 22639.570950 in the amount ofS459.800. By City policy, the City c.:an use either State or Federal Price Agreements without having to bid the item on its own. In addition, by City policy, procurement over $60,000.00 requires City Council approval.
  • Bruges, Trier & Cologne: Three New Romantik Hotels in World Heritage Cities

    Bruges, Trier & Cologne: Three New Romantik Hotels in World Heritage Cities

    Bruges, Trier & Cologne: Three new Romantik Hotels in World Heritage Cities (Frankfurt, 1 February 2017) Romantik is expanding its presence at three historic locations: prestigious hotels in the World Heritage Cities of Bruges in Belgium, and Trier and Cologne in Germany have joined the Romantik Hotels brand, which has 200 hotels and 300 partner hotels in ten European countries. The newcomers are Hotel de Orangerie, Hotel Zur Glocke and Hotel im Wasserturm. Travellers can stay at a total of 26 Romantik Hotels located in or near 18 World Heritage Sites in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium. Thomas Edelkamp, Chairman of Romantik, is delighted with the new additions: “The World Heritage Sites are some of the most visited travel destinations in Europe. At Romantik we are now offering guests top hotels at these locations that also have their own very special stories to tell. Our new members highlight a growing trend: more and more outstanding city hotels are choosing to benefit from the marketing strength of the Romantik brand.” Romantik Hotel de Orangerie, Bruges Romantik Hotel de Orangerie is located in the heart of the mediaeval city of Bruges, not far from the main museums and shops and close to the best restaurants. This is one of the most popular hotels in the kingdom. A former 15th century convent, it is situated right by the picturesque Dijver Canal. The Vermast family brings out the historic character of the mediaeval building perfectly with antique furniture and paintings, while successfully creating a contemporary hotel that meets the highest standards. Romantik Hotel Zur Glocke, Trier Romantik Hotel Zur Glocke is a gem in the heart of Trier.
  • Lehrveranstaltungen Für Hörer Aller Fakultäten

    Lehrveranstaltungen Für Hörer Aller Fakultäten

    — 1 — Lehrveranstaltungen für Hörer aller Fakultäten Veranstaltungen des Pools für Allgemeine Schlüsselqualifikationen Die aktuellen Lehrveranstaltungen des ASQ-Pools für das Sommersemester 2016 sind ca. 2 Wochen vor Vorlesungsbeginn ersichtlich. Sie finden in dieser Rubrik Lehrveranstaltungen, die sich auf Module des Pools für allgemeine Schlüsselqualifikationen (ASQ-Pool) im Rahmen des Bachelor-Studiums beziehen. Da verbindliche Modulliste für das aktuelle Semester finden Sie in der rechten Spalte auf der folgenden Internetseite: http://www.zils.uni-wuerzburg.de/aufgaben/ studien_und_pruefungsordnungen/schluesselqualifikationen_asq_pool/ Wenn Sie ASQ-Lehrveranstaltungen/Module vermissen, schauen Sie bitte im Vorlesungsverzeichnis auch bei den anbietenden Fakuläten und zentralen Einrichtungen nach, wo alle aktuellen Veranstaltungen aufgeführt sind. Wichtig für Anmeldung, Prüfung und Verbuchung von Punkten: Die Formalitäten für die Anmeldung zu den Lehrveranstaltungen und Prüfungen legt jeder Anbieter von ASQ-Modulen selber fest. Es gibt keine zentrale oder einheitliche Anmeldung für ASQ-Module. Schauen Sie daher unbedingt in die Modulbeschreibung (aktuelle Liste der ASQ-Pool-Module) bzw. fragen Sie in Zweifelsfällen vor Beginn der Lehrveranstaltung bei den Dozenten nach, ob Sie das Modul belegen können. Ein Kurs - ein Modul Jedes ASQ-Modul umfasst eine Lehrveranstaltung mit einer Prüfung. -Dies gilt auch für die Kurse des Zentrums für Sprachen. Wenige Ausnahmen kann es bei kombinierten Veranstaltungen wie Vorlesung mit begleitendem Tutorium
  • The Institutional Viability of Water Management Practices in Subak Deman

    The Institutional Viability of Water Management Practices in Subak Deman

    The institutional viability of water management practices in subak Deman Dicky Fransisco Simanjuntak 840511181120 September 2018 MSc thesis Knowledge, Technology and Innovation CPT-80836 Supervisor: dr.ir. SR (Sietze) Vellema 1 Executive Summary Local irrigation system managed in Bali namely subak Deman is under pressure from water scarcity. Most literatures on water management focus on the actors; however there is less emphasis on the practice and institution that emerges from the practice. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand to what extent and how the institutional features of water management practices in the subak system stay intact under the condition of external pressures. This research evaluated the institutional features of water management practices in subak Deman using Perri 6’s institutional viability theory by observing water management practices and interviewing the actors on the way they manage the irrigation system. By doing that, this research understood whether the institution can survive under the external pressure. This research was done for 3 months in subak Deman, Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on water management from the perspective of institutional dynamic of water management practices. Key words: water management-social technical practices-institutional viability-solidarities- subak 2 Acknowledgements All praise, honour and glory to my saviour Jesus Christ, for His abundant grace and mercy for the accomplishment of this thesis. I would like to thank my supervisor dr.ir. Sietze Vellema, who always guides and supports me in completing this research. I would like also to thank my second reader dr.ir. Harro Maat, for your time in reading this report.
  • Transit Security Procedures Guide

    Transit Security Procedures Guide

    FTA-MA-90-7001-94-2 DOT-VNTSC-FTA-94-8 Pw Transit Security U. S. Department of Transportation Procedures Guide Federal Transit Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center December 1994 Cambridge MA 02142 Final Report NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. HETRIC/ENGLISH CONVERSIOY FACTORS ENGLISH TO RETRIC KETRIC TO ENGLISH LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) LENGTH (APPROXIIIATE) 1 inch (in) = 2.5 centimeters (a) 1 milliwter (set) = 0.W inch (in) 1 foot (ft) = 30 centimeters (an) 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.4 inch (in) 1 yard (yd) = 0.9 meter (m) 1 meter Cm) = 3.3 feet (ft) 1 mile (mi) = 1.6 kitaneters (km) 1 swster (m) = 1.1 yards (yd) 1 kilcanster (km) = 0.6 mile
  • German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage

    German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage

    German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage Protecting a unique ecosystem German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage Publication details Published by Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Division P II 2 · 11055 Berlin · Germany Email: [email protected] · Website: www.bmu.de/english Edited by BMU, Division N I 4 Design PROFORMA GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin Printed by Druck- und Verlagshaus Zarbock GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main Picture credits See page 39. Date August 2019 First print run 2.000 copies (printed on recycled paper) Where to order this publication Publikationsversand der Bundesregierung Postfach 48 10 09 · 18132 Rostock · Germany Telephone: +49 30 / 18 272 272 1 · Fax: +49 30 / 18 10 272 272 1 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bmu.de/en/publications Notice This publication of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety is distributed free of charge. It is not intended for sale and may not be used to canvass support for political parties or groups. Further information can be found at www.bmu.de/en/publications 2 German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage Protecting a unique ecosystem 3 German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage Table of contents The Ancient Beech Forests of Germany 6 Jasmund National Park (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) 8 Müritz National Park (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) 11 Grumsin in the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere
  • Development of Participatory Educational Tourism Map in Subak Pulagan

    Development of Participatory Educational Tourism Map in Subak Pulagan

    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 SJIF (2020): 7.803 Development of Participatory Educational Tourism Map in Subak Pulagan Ida Ayu Tantri1, Sang Putu Kaler Surata2, Nyoman Utari Vipriyanti3 Department of Regional Development Planning and Environmental Management Post - graduate Program, Mahasaraswati University Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Abstract: In 2012, UNESCO has designated several subak areas in Bali as world cultural heritage (WBD), because they have various extraordinary values, namely various norms, concepts, and life practices that can be applied to all human beings regardless of religious differences, beliefs, country and generation. According to UNESCO (2012) there are three extraordinary universal values of the Subak area that have been designated as WBD, namely the implementation of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy (three causes of life balance), an egalitarian democratic system and the role of the Subak temple network in managing lowland rice agroecology with a focus on aspects of spirituality. The main focus of educational tourism is to increase awareness by participating in maintaining the integrity of the environment (local culture) through a willingness to contribute to increasing the income of local communities. The development of educational tourism is one of the efforts to diversify and improve the quality of tourism products in maintaining the sustainability of the tourism business. The study used a participatory follow - up study design, which consisted of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The results of land use mapping in Pulagan Subak starting from the north (which includes the Gunung Kawi Temple Site Area) which shows that most of the subak area is used as rice fields, interspersed with garden areas/fields/moorlands in the north and along the east and south sides of Subak Pulagan.