Transit Security Procedures Guide
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FTA-MA-90-7001-94-2 DOT-VNTSC-FTA-94-8 Pw Transit Security U. S. Department of Transportation Procedures Guide Federal Transit Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center December 1994 Cambridge MA 02142 Final Report NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. HETRIC/ENGLISH CONVERSIOY FACTORS ENGLISH TO RETRIC KETRIC TO ENGLISH LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) LENGTH (APPROXIIIATE) 1 inch (in) = 2.5 centimeters (a) 1 milliwter (set) = 0.W inch (in) 1 foot (ft) = 30 centimeters (an) 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.4 inch (in) 1 yard (yd) = 0.9 meter (m) 1 meter Cm) = 3.3 feet (ft) 1 mile (mi) = 1.6 kitaneters (km) 1 swster (m) = 1.1 yards (yd) 1 kilcanster (km) = 0.6 mile (mi) AREA (APPROXIMATE) AREA (APPROXIUATE) 1 cqare inch (sq in, in2 = 6.5 square centimeters (un2) 1 +re centimeter (as2) = 0.16 square inch Csq in, in21 1 s+are foot <sq ft, ft2 = 0.09 rquere meter Un2) 1 cqmre nster fm2> = 1.2 uswe yerrds (sq yd, yd2 I qre yard (sq yd, yd2) = 0.8 square meter (m2) 1 rqwre kilaseter (km21 = 0.4 vre mile (sq ai, mi2) I qre mile (sq mi, ai2) = 2.6 s+are kitaacters (km2) 1 hectare (he) = 10,000 s+sre meters ( II? ) = 2.5 acres I acre = 0.4 hectares (he) = 4,000 square meters Cm') MASS - UEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) BASS - UEICHT (APPROXIMATE) 1 me (02) = 28 urafr6 Qtr) 1 ervn (grl = 0.036 once (02) 1 poud (lb) = -45 kilogram (kg) 1 kiLogram (kg) = 2.2 powds (lb) 1 short ton = 2,000 ponds (Lb) = 0.9 tome (t) 1 tome Ct) = 1,000 kilograms (kg) = 1.1 short tons VOLWE (APPROXIMATE) VOLW (APPROXIMATE) 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 milliliters (ml) 1 rillilitcrs (ml) = 0.03 fluid ocnte (fl 02) 1 tablespoon Ctbep) = 15 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (1) = 2.1 pints (pt) 1 fluid oure (fl ot) = 30 milliliters (ml) 1 liter Cli = l.G6 quarts (qt) 1 cw (c) = 0.24 liter (1) 1 liter (1) = 0.26 gallon (gal) 1 pint (pt) = 0.47 liter (1) 1 c&ic rter Cm3> = 36 chic feet (cu ft, ft') 1 wrt (qt) - 0.96 liter (1) 1 cubic mter (II?) = 1.3 crrbic yrrds (cu yd, yd3) 1 gallon (gal) = 3.8 liters (1) 1 cubic foot (cu ft. ft3) = 0.03 crrbic meter ( n3 ) crhic yard (cu yd, Va) = 0.76 c&ic meter (m3) TEHPERATURE (EXACT) TEMPERATURE (EXACT) t(x-32)(5/9)1 OF - y OC [(9/S) y l 321 ‘C = x OF WICK INCH-CENTIMETER LENGTH tOWVERSIOl INCHES 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t I 1 I I I I 1 I I iNTIMETERS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25.40 WICK FAHRENHEIT-CELSIUS TEMPERATURE UWVERSfOU : -LOO -22’ -Lo 14' 32’ 50” 68' 86' loC" 122' l&O0 151O 176' 1%' 212O I I I I I I f 1 I I I I I ! t I I I I , I I I I I I I : -COO -30° -2s -loo O0 lb0 20' 30' CO0 50' 60' M” 80’ 90’ loo0 'or mre exact nnd or other conversion factors, see NBS Miscellanaa Wlication 286, Unit8 of Yoights wd leasures. Price $2.50. SO Catalog No. Cl3 10266. ii HETRIC/ENGLISH CONVERSIOY FACTORS ENGLISH TO RETRIC KETRIC TO ENGLISH LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) LENGTH (APPROXIIIATE) 1 inch (in) = 2.5 centimeters (a) 1 milliwter (mn) = 0.W inch (in) 1 foot (ft) = 30 centimeters (an) 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.4 inch (in) 1 yard (yd) = 0.9 meter (m) 1 meter (m) = 3.3 feet (ft) 1 mile (mi) = 1.6 kilaneters (km) 1 aWer (m) = 1.1 yards (yd) 1 kilaocter (km) = 0.6 mile (mi) AREA (APPROXIMATE) AREA (APPROXIUATE) 1 cqare inch (sq in, in2 = 6.5 square centimeters (cm') 1 +re centimeter (an21 = 0.16 square inch (sq in, in21 1 s+are foot <sq ft, ft2 = 0.09 rquere meter (In21 1 cqmre reter (m2> = 1.2 qre yerrds (sq yd, yd I qre yard (sq jd, & = 0.8 square meter (m2) 1 rqwre kilamter (~JI?) = 0.4 vre mile (sq ai, mi2) I qre mile (sq mi, ai2) = 2.6 s+are kitaacters (km21 1 hectare (he) = 10,000 s+are meters ( II? ) = 2.5 acres I acre = 0.4 hectares (he) = 4,000 square meters Cm') MASS - UEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) BASS - UEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) 1 me (02) = 28 urtu6 (Or) 1 ervn (grl = 0.036 OITre (02) 1 poud (lb) = -45 kilogram (kg) 1 kiLogran (kg) = 2.2 powds (lb) 1 short ton = 2,000 pow& (lb) = 0.9 tome (t) 1 tome Ct) = 1,000 kilograma (kg) = 1.1 short tons VOLWE (APPROXIMATE) VOLW (APPROXIMATE) 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 milliliters (ml) 1 rilliliters (ml) = 0.03 fluid ocnte (fl oz) 1 tablespoon Ctbsp) = 15 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (1) = 2.1 pints (pt) 1 fluid oure (fl ot) = 30 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (li = 1.06 quarts (qt) 1 cw (c) = 0.24 liter (1) 1 liter (1) = 0.26 gallon (gel) 1 pint (pt) = 0.47 liter (1) 1 c&ic rter Cm3> = 36 chic feet (cu ft, ft') 1 wrt (qt) - 0.96 liter (1) 1 cubic mter $1 = 1.3 crrbic yrrds (cu yd, yd3) 1 gellm (gal) = 3.8 liters (1) 1 cubic foot (cu ft. ft3) = 0.03 crrbic meter ( n3 ) crhic yard (cu yd, Va) = 0.76 c&ic meter (m3) TEMPERATURE (EXACT) TEMPERATURE (EXACT) t(x-32)(5/9)1 OF - y OC [(9/S) y l 321 'C = x OF WICK INCH-CENTIMETER LENGTH tOWVERSIOl INCHES 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t I 1 I I I I 1 I I iNTIMETERS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25.40 WICK FAHRENHEIT-CELSIUS TEMPERATURE UWVERSIOU : -LOO -22' -Lo 14' 32' 50" 68' 86' lD4' 122' 140° 158O 176' 194' 212O I I I I I I f 1 I I I I I ! t I I I I , I I I I I I I : -coo -30° -2d" -loo O0 lb0 20' 30' CO0 50' 60' M” 80’ 90’ loo0 ‘or mre exact nd or other cmversim factors, see NBS Miscellanaa Wlicetim 286, Unit8 of Yoights wd leacures. Price $2.50. SO Catalog No. Cl3 10286. ii @ibCe of contents (continued) Section 2: Security Security Problems............................................................................. 83 Summary Tables ............................................................................... 86 Chapter 3 General Security Issues . 89 Drunkenness .......... ........................................................................... 90 Disorderly Conduct .......................................................................... 96 Crowd Control ................................................................................. 99 Drug Law Violations ...................................................................... 107 Minor Sex Offenses ........................................................................ 113 Solicitation .................................................................................... 117 Homelessness ................................................................................. 120 Miscellaneous Misdemeanors/Nuisances ......................................... 124 Chapter 4 Crimes Against Passengers . 129 Theft .............................................................................................. 129 Physical Assault .............................................................................. 132 Sexual Assault ................................................................................ 135 Chapter 5 Crimes Against The Transit System . 137 Fare Evasion and Fare Theft ........................................................... 138 Suicide Attempts ............................................................................ 145 Vandalism ...................................................................................... 151 Trespassing and Physical Security Intrusions ................................... 158 Theft, Burglary, and Robbery ......................................................... 165 Attacks on Personnel ...................................................................... 172 Chapter 6 Crimes Against The Public: Critical Incidents/Acts of Terrorism.............. 179 Hostages ........................................................................................ 180 Hijacking ........................................................................................ 183 Bomb Threats ................................................................................. 185 vi @ibCe of contents (continued) Section 2: Security Security Problems............................................................................. 83 Summary Tables ............................................................................... 86 Chapter 3 General Security Issues . 89 Drunkenness .......... ........................................................................... 90 Disorderly Conduct .......................................................................... 96 Crowd Control ................................................................................. 99 Drug Law Violations ...................................................................... 107 Minor Sex Offenses ........................................................................ 113 Solicitation .................................................................................... 117 Homelessness ................................................................................. 120 Miscellaneous Misdemeanors/Nuisances ......................................... 124 Chapter 4 Crimes Against Passengers . 129 Theft .............................................................................................