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Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biochronology and Global Marine/Non-Marine Correlation Final Report of I GCP 3 28 ( 1991-1996)

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Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biochronology and Global Marine/Non-Marine Correlation Final Report of I GCP 3 28 ( 1991-1996) 223 Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg Alain Blieck & Susan Turner (eds.) Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biochronology and Global Marine/Non-Marine Correlation Final Report of I GCP 3 28 ( 1991-1996) 3'28 I CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE UN~,t I SCIENTIFIQUE 'I UPRESA8014 Herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Frankfurt a.M. 2000 Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg I 223 I 309-324 I 4 Figs., 3 Tabs. Frankfurt a.M .. 02. 09. 2000 The Middle Devonian fishes of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia) and Belarus With 4 figures and 3 tables Elga MARK-KURIK This is a contribution to IGCP 328: Palaeozoic Microvertebrates Abstract An overview of the range of the Middle Devonian fishes from the Baltic states, Estonia and Latvia, and Belarus is given. The Baltic outcrops, in particular, have yielded a rich and diverse fish fauna containing agnathans (heterostracans, osteostracans), chondrichthyans, placo­ derms, acanthodians, crossopterygians, dipnoans, and actinopterygians. The representatives of some groups (osteostracans, chondrichthyans, palaeoniscoids) which possess an exoskel­ eton consisting of small elements, are comparatively poorly known and need description. However. acanthodians present an exception here: the scales of these fishes have been thor­ oughly studied by V ALIUKEVICIUS. The acanthodians are out of the scope of this paper, except some species of special interest. Several fish groups, psammosteid heterostracans. placo­ dcrms. crossopterygians. and probably dipnoans were represented during the ArukUla and Burtnieki Ages by very large forms . The fish fauna became somewhat less diverse beginning with the Gauja Age and later. Placoderms and some other fishes are close to those known in the Middle Devonian of Scotland, being favourable to the correlation of the sections in these regions. The data on the Middle Devonian fishes in Belarus are less abundant. Still. they show some differences with the Baltic faunas of the same age. The Eifel ian of Belarus has yielded phlyctaeniid arthrodires, in the late Eifelian (Gorodok Regional Stage) occur various chon­ drichthyans: both in the Eifelian and Givetian the occurrences of ptyctodonts and palaeo­ niscoids are common. Keywords: Middle Devonian, fishes, stratigraphical range, Estonia. Latvia, Belarus. correlation Introduction have been studied since the first half of the 19th century. Detailed stratigraphical subdivision has been elaborated The information on the Middle Devonian fishes pre­ based on palaeontological, lithological and mineralogi­ sented in this paper comes from two Baltic States, Esto­ cal data. These have been published in many papers and nia and Latvia. and from Belarus. Estonia and Latvia several monographs: of the more recent ones can be listed have been known for a long time as the classical outcrop SOROKIN ( 1981 ), V ALIUKEVICIUS et al. ( 1986). KLRS S areas of the Middle Devonian terrigenous and carbonate ( 1992), LYARSKAYA & LUKSEVICS ( 1992), YALI L'KE VI CIL'S rocks (Fig. I). The rocks are exposed on riv~r banks or (1994), KLEESMENT ( 1994. 1995) and KLEES MEW & lake shores. on the shore of the Baltic Sea, also in the MARK-KURIK ( 1997). In comparison with Estonia ami quarries for mineral resources: clay in Estonia and Latvia, in Lithuania the Middle Devonian ouH.: rops anti Latvia. and in these for oil shale in NE Estonia. Natural the fish specimens collected from them are more limited. exposures in particular as well as numerous boring cores, and the data from this territory are based mainly on the have yielded rich fossil tish material. The fossil tishes material from boring cores. Also, there is one stratigra- Author's address: Institute of Geology at Tallinn Technical University, Estonia Ave. 7, 10143 Tallinn. Estonia. MARK-KURIK: The Middle Devonian fishes of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia) and Belarus Middle Devonian regional stages of Belarus and their correlation with those in the Baltic, as well as the approximate correlation of the regional units with the standard conodont zones and the Eastern European miospore zones. The palynological data are given after A VKHIMOVITCH et al. (1993), G. V AITIEKUNIENE (in the stratigraphical scheme by NARBUTAS et al. 1993), BLIECK et al. (1996) and KORTS & MARK-KURIK (1997). The acanthodian zones are presented after V ALIUKEVICIUS ( 1994, 1995) and V ALIUKEVICIUS et al. ( 1995). Two more fish zonations of the Middle Devonian are kno~n the Baltic, established on the basis of other biOstratigra­ phically important groups: psammosteid heterostracans and placoderms (Fig. 3). The zones of the acanthodians and the psammosteid genus Schizosteus are particularly characteristic of the Eifelian. The psammosteids Pycno­ steus and Psammolepis, and the placoderms Asterolepis, Fig. 1: Middle Devonian outcrop area (spotted) in Estonia and Bothriolepis and Watsonosteus have enabled a detailed Latvia. Simplified after GR!GELIS (1982). zonal subdivision of the Givetian. Both the lower and the upper boundaries of the Mid­ dle Devonian, i.e the Emsian-Eifelian and the Givetian­ Frasnian boundary have been under discussion for a con­ phical unit, the Sventoji Formation (NARBUTAS 1994) that siderable time. In the north-western and western regions is distinguished, instead of two formations - the Gauja of the Russian (East European) Platform, which include Formation (with two members) and the Amata Forma­ the Baltic states and Belarus, the Emsian- Eifelian bound­ tion known in Latvia and Estonia. For above reasons, the ary coincides, according to RZHONSNITSKAYA & KULJ· data from Lithuania are, with a few exceptions, not in­ KOVA (1990), with the boundary of the Rezekne and cluded into the present overview. The information on the Piirnu Formations, and the Vitebsk and Adrov Regional Middle Devonian fishes from Belarus comes exclusively Stages, respectively. As to the age dating of the Rezekne from boring cores, and is not very rich either. Some local Formation by MARK-KURIK (1991a), a fossil fish assem­ units are rather poorly characterized by fishes. But the blage, consisting mainly of placoderms (Wijdeaspis, in information including both the published data by particular) and wide interregional correlation, were used. V ALIUKEVICIUS et al. ( 1995) and the unpublished ones by It was concluded that the Rezekne Formation was rather A. IVANOV (pers. comm., 1997), and by the author of the of Emsian than Eifelian age. The conclusion was based present paper, is worth to be presented. on the occurrences of the thelodont Skamolepis and the All Middle Devonian fish taxa are considered here, phlyctaeniid arthrodires. The Skamolepis fragilis Zone except most of the acanthodians as their range and zona­ terminates the thelodont and heterostracan zones of the tion have already been given in quite a number of papers Lower Devonian in Europe and corresponds probably to (V ALIUKEVICIUS 1988, 1994, 1995, V ALIUKEVICIUS et al. the patulus and serotinus ·conodont zones (BLIECK et al. 1986, 1995, V ALIUKEVICIUS & KRUCHEK, this volume) in press). V ALIUKEVICIUS (1988, 1994, 1995) has several and a monograph (V ALIUKEVICIUS 1985). Yet, the index times emphasized the appearance in the Rezekne Forma­ species and some other, rare acanthodians are listed all tion of typical Middle Devonian acanthodian genera and right, and the acanthodian zonation is shown. The range the correlation of this formation as well as the overlying of the Middle Devonian fishes from Estonia and Latvia Middle Devonian Parnu Formation to the common (Tables 1-3) is based on the published data (GRoss 1942, Laliacanthus singularis Zone. This view is also ex­ SOROKIN 1981, MARK-KURIK 1997, LYARSKAYA & pressed in the paper by V ALIUKEVICIUS et al. ( 1995). The LUKSEVICS 1992), and on the unpublished information Vitebsk Regional Stage which is correlated with the (P.E. AHLBERG and E. LUKSEVICS, pers. comm., 1997). Rezekne Formation is supposed to belong partly to the Eifelian. The miospore data show that the lower parts of the Stratigraphical framework Vitebsk Regional Stage or Horizon (from Russian The Middle Devonian in Estonia and Latvia includes 'gorizont') belong to the Retusotriletes clandestinus (RC) presently six local stratigraphical units: the Piirnu, Narva, Zone; in the Urals its upper subzone has yielded cono­ Aruktila, Burtnieki, Gauja, andAmata Formations, which donts of the serotinus Zone (A VKHIMOVITCH et al. 1993). are considered as regional stages (Fig. 2). The Parnu and According to the same authors, the upper part of the Narva Formations are of Eifelian age, the overlying for­ Vitebsk Stage and the Rezekne Formation correspond to mations belonging to the Givetian. Fig. 2 also shows the the Diaphanospora inassueta (DI) Zone. The latter in the 310 Cour. Forsch.-lnst. Senckenberg, 223: 2000 Conodont Acanthodian Mio- Estonia Latvia Belarus zones zones spore zones Formation Beds, Member Formation Subr .• Beds Reg. Stage Beds Fr11nlln falsiovalis• 81 Pjavir;~as Pjavioas Sargaevo ~----- Am ata Amata Upper Zhelon' disporilis Dnononch111 Lower Lan' conclnnus IM Gauja Lode Gauja Lode Ubort' hermanni· Sietiol Sietioi Givetian · cristatus Abava Abava Moroch' mr,.2 Burtnieki KoorkOia Burtnieki Upper B. Stolin Sl2 Vaf'CIIS Diplt~et~ntltus Hlrma LowerS. Polotsk - ·/... ....................sl, ......... KJ'tll'U EX Tarvastu ArukOia KurekOia ArukOia Upper ~oryn' gn,.2 hemiansatus Viljandl Lower kockelianus• N. urnt~vensis RL Kemav6 Kemav& Kastyukovichi ks,.3 australis Pt. rimosum Narva Lelvu, L 1 -o~ Narva Lelvu Gorodok gr,.J Eifelian costatus Ch.
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