A in Australia

Industry 2017–2020 Directions for the Directions for the Motorcycle Motorcycling in Australia Motorcycling Scoping the Industry Scoping with two-wheeled This document is concerned and and off-road) road (both – vehicles frame with a step-through (smaller vehicles scooters the rider’s feet). and a floor for as to referred sometimes These machines are (PTWs). Wheel vehicles Two Powered that are sold in Australia of the vehicles One in five Vehicles classed All-Terrain are as “motorcycles” Almost all of (SSVs). Side Vehicles or Side by (ATVs) mainly which are vehicles four-wheeled these are properties. and on rural used commercially not included in this analysis of the are ATVs industry. motorcycle is also a small number of three-wheeled There and being the market entering (trikes) motorcycles used on public roads. [Triumph, Hyosung, [Can-Am, BRP] [Victory, Indian] Issued November 2016 Issued November information more like would If you about the issues discussed in this document, contact: please Chamber of Federal Industries Automotive Avenue, 59 Wentworth 2604 ACT Kingston 02 6247 3811 | www.fcai.com.au [KTM, Husqvarna] [Ducati, Norton] MOTORCYCLING IN AUSTRALIA MOTORCYCLING BMW Motorcycles Australia BMW Motorcycles Pty Ltd BRP Australia Yamaha Motor Australia Pty Limited. Australia Motor Yamaha NF Importers Importers Stevens Peter Pty Limited Australia Victory Motorcycles Harley-Davidson Australia Pty Ltd Harley-Davidson Australia and Power Motorcycle Australia Equipment Pty Ltd Pty Limited Motors Kawasaki Australia KTM Vespa, Gilera, Piaggio, , Moto Guzzi] » » » » » » » » » » » » FCAI is Australia’s peak industry organisation industry peak organisation is Australia’s FCAI of and importers manufacturers representing vehicles, light commercial vehicles, passenger and motorcycles. in the Motorcycle represented The manufacturers are: Group » About the FCAI This document has been prepared by the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries’ Motorcycle Group. It Group. Motorcycle Industries’ of Automotive Chamber the Federal by been prepared This document has industryby the taken to be directions out and sets Australia in motorcycling of issues affecting outlines a range transport as an important motorcycling of status the will reinforce (2017–2020). These years three the next over themselves. to the riders and communities, and planners, regulators, to benefits significant mode offering government industry, the motorcycle who constitute and retailers the importers to The document is relevant with anyone industries – in fact, in related and stakeholders planners), local to national regulators (from agencies in motorcycling. an interest Directions for the Motorcycling Industry Directions for » » » » » » » » »

Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries 1 Motorcycling in Australia

2015 2014 2013 4500 annually contributing annually contributing to millions of dollars economies local events 2012 Approximately Approximately 22,000 annual 2011 2010 licences issued licences racing year each 2009 Road 2008 Approximately 40,000 2007 O -Road Motorcycle Sales issued each year issued each 2006 2005 or single event licences or single event licences 2004 2003 0 nearly 4000 people nearly motorcycle-related motorcycle-related businesses employing businesses employing 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 120,000 100,000 The Australian Market The Australian and of motorcycles than 40 brands more are There sold They are Australia. into imported scooters supported Australia, across authorised dealers by such as businesses other motorcycle-related by of clothing and accessories. and sellers workshops the motorcycle 880 businesses service Approximately industry Australia. across 88,000 new two approximately were In 2015 there sold in Australia. wheeled motorcycles motorcycles road motorcycles, This included off-road 51% of comprised motorcycles Road and scooters. 43%, and were bikes sold, off-road all new bikes sales. new bike 6% of the total scooters and sold are hand motorcycles Both new and second 880 businesses, employing over through serviced 1,700 motorcycle 4,000 people including nearly an annual mechanics. These businesses have of over a profit of $1.8 billion, making turnover of $184 in excess wages $102 million and paying the $340.5 million to they contribute million. Overall GDP or 0.02%. Australian total the annual sales takes Adding used motorcycle motorcycles. 200,000 over sales to

registered registered over motorcycles on motorcycles Australian roads Australian NEW AND USED NEW AND USED sales each year sales each 200,000 MOTORCYCLING emissions, reduce travel travel emissions, reduce

2 IMPORTED More than More brands A VISION FOR AUSTRALIAN AUSTRALIAN FOR A VISION

At the momentAt 2.2 are there Transport policy and urban planning (page 3) (page planning policy and urban Transport 4) efficiency and emissions policies (page Energy 5) (page programs policies and safety Motorcycling 6) (page perceptions safety Motorcycling sport and of motorcycle Support and promotion 8) (page recreation and designated licensing off-road Recreational 10) land use (page 12) (page and new technology Design standards 13). Industry (page relationships Offers an affordable, accessible, and sustainable and sustainable accessible, an affordable, Offers mode of transport; overlooked but often significant Can provide planning; policy and urban benefits in transport of sporting and recreational a variety Provides outdoor a healthy and promotes opportunities and lifestyle; national to contribution a significant Makes activity. economic million people holding motorcycle current in Australia licences » » » » » » » » » » » » MOTORCYCLES across Australia Australia across (including rural) > More than > More 1.05 MILLION Graph of sales Graph Motorcycling in Australia: Motorcycling Motorcycling is a smart and affordable way to travel, to travel, way is a smart and affordable Motorcycling Motorcycles lifestyle. the Australian to suited ideally to bikes trail from in many styles and sizes come They lower have scooters. to bikes touring to cruisers less CO produce costs, travel » » » » » » » » » » » issues to number of key out a This document sets at all governments by and addressed be considered and the motorcycle levels, the wider community, this vision is achieved: ensure industry to itself in order » time and traffic congestion in urban areas, and use areas, in urban congestion time and traffic The effectively. more space parking inner-city valuable impact less efficient engines also have more smaller, and scooters Riding motorcycles air quality. on urban lifestyle. healthy activity and a outdoor encourages

Toy Runs in each state which collect toys and goods for and goods toys which collect state Runs in each Toy in our society. the less fortunate recreation, sport and for motorcycles In addition to has one or more in Australia everynearly farm of some description and motorcycles motorcycles the small – from sight on our streets a familiar are mail deliver to Post Australia used by motorcycles the powerful to areas, city and regional throughout our by and highways machines used on roads and goods in delivering The “last kilometre” patrols. the to important in the CBD is extremely messages an are and businesses; motorcycles services city’s and bicycle couriers solution between intermediate being delivered now Items vehicles. light commercial supplies medical foods, include fast motorcycle by parts. and samples, and spare within Australian potential is significant there However, use of motorcycles. the greater for areas urban Other world-recognised events the annual include Other world-recognised three least and at (500 entrants Race Desert Finke The Ulysses AGM crew). times as many support and Junior participate) riders (3000 – 5000 older and over entrants Championships (700 more just two support) are for members 1000 family events run of community of hundreds examples motorcyclists. every by year from society to is a major contribution There Ride” events the “Snowy such as motorcycle-related Children’s Walter the Steven for funds (which raises many the Ride 4 Kids, and the Foundation), Cancer

WHO ARE THEY? ARE WHO MOTORCYCLE RIDERS: RIDERS: MOTORCYCLE the Community with is popular, and recreation sport Motorcycle by conducted year 4500 events each an estimated (MA), the national body for Australia Motorcycling the country. around racing motorcycle organising racing a full hold sport riders About 22,000 motorcycle – another 40,000 single event licence or competition issued each are licences or recreational competition the to millions of dollars These events contribute year. areas. and rural in regional particularly economy, to events bring visitors motorcycle International Australia Currently municipalities. and local Australia and World of both the World MotoGP hosts rounds time, other time to championships; from Superbike held in Australia events are motorcycle international World World Championships, Trials such as Speedway World Championships. Championships and Motocross Motorcyclists – A Part of of Motorcyclists – A Part Mini-bikes allow children to be introduced to to be introduced to children allow Mini-bikes at a very age. young motorcycling as as young motorcycle enter able to They are seven skills and responsibility. which helps build age riders mature-age end of the scale, the other At riding recreational enjoy the time and moneyhave to and touring. licence- about 2.2 million motorcycle are There 807,000 registered and around in Australia holders 2015). Census data: (ABS motorcycles People of all ages and from all walks of life of life all walks and from of all ages People ride motorcycles.

2 Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries 3 Motorcycling in Australia

FCAI will continue FCAI to promote the promote to benefits to thebenefits to community ofcommunity motorcycling tomotorcycling ensure it is given greater greater it is given ensure weight in transport policy in transport weight planning. and urban

Take up less space and can take up to 48% less up to take and can up less space Take congested the same trip through cover time to ; as a traffic be caught to less likely and are freely more Move it does down, breaks in gridlocks; if a motorcycle and not block traffic; and avoid intersections clear able to better Are users. road which benefits all problems traffic » » » Parking in smaller spaces be provided can parking Motorcycle this includes ; motor be used by which cannot property, on private and other small spaces verandahs parking street on or impact the need for reducing a interchanges, or at transport areas in residential when planning transit-oriented advantage particular developments (TODs). city in Australia Melbourne is the only capital Currently on the parked be legally can a motorcycle where addition, within the Melbourne CBD, In footpath. than 300 on-road more been have spaces parking specifically designated motorcycles. for Transport Options Transport means and flexible cost a low provides Motorcycling social enhancing travel long distance of medium to in is limited public transport inclusion whereas while served of operation hours and the the areas cyclists, is only a viable dedicated cycling, even for commuting. short-distance relatively option for should recognise strategy transport An integrated of in areas of motorcycling and advantages the role centres); and suburban maximum density (inner-city inter-city and for roads; and main suburban on arterial are Motorcycles motorways. and on freeways travel at of travelling mode capable the only other transport speeds. highway Management Traffic offer to has the potential use of motorcycling Greater and the business commuters benefits to significant – Motorcycles community. » » » traffic urban into of motorcycles integration Full able to see motorcyclists would management estate or priority lanes, and other real use bus transit urban Encouraging and parking. both movement for users. all road benefits for have use would motorcycle AND URBAN PLANNING PLANNING URBAN AND MOTORCYCLES IN TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORT IN MOTORCYCLES increased use of motorbikes and scooters.” the use of more compact cars and vans, and the be achieved by lower speed limits, encouraging and pedestrians. Road space efficiency can also vehicles at traffic lights especially trams, buses significantly better priority for space efficient the more space-efficient modes, including road network needs to be optimised for — City of Melbourne Transport Strategy 2012. Strategy — City of Melbourne Transport “To avoid future congestion, the municipality’s Motorcycling offers significant benefits in significant offers Motorcycling planning and in urban managing traffic attention greater warrants and therefore policies. in the development of transport less impact significantly have Motorcycles of vehicle than any other type on roads last assets infrastructure which means on focus most strategies However, longer. and cycling, and public transport, walking, cursory only mention of motorcycling. make

FCAI will continue FCAI to encourage the encourage to use of motorcycles to reduce urban reduce to traffic congestion, traffic overall fuel usage, fuel overall and emissions of the fleet.transport Greater use of motorcycles has the potential to make make to potential has the use of motorcycles Greater emissions the harmful reducing to a contribution sector. the transport by overall created emissions for CO2 average In 2011, the Australian 206 g/km. was vehicles and light commercial passenger of motorcycles for an average show studies European 110 g/km; 70 g/km. smaller machines average motorcycles smaller capacity for consumption Fuel couple of litres as a be as low often can and scooters kilometres. per hundred AND LOW EMISSION LOW AND MOTORCYCLING: ENERGY EFFICIENT EFFICIENT ENERGY MOTORCYCLING: Electric vehicles bring electric-powered is being developed to A new sector the point of use, these At the market. (e-cycles) to motorcycles for required emissions. The infrastructure zero have vehicles e-cycles and so the for will also be suitable other electric vehicles of any developments in advantage industry take will be able to long term. the medium to with price-competitive increasingly becoming E-cycles are performance more while delivering bikes, combustion-engined cost. at lower emerge systems battery as better Efficiency Standards and Standards Australian with relevant complying Motorcycles in the any emissions targets meet Design rules should be able to policies do not transport current However, medium term. short to motorcycles. for include emission targets efficient engines is and develop emissions more lower The need to and this will in the Northern Hemisphere agencies by being driven stringent if more However, improvements. significant in further result contemplated or other aspects are emissions, safety, for targets that all be aware need to agencies government in Australia, market and the Australian imported are sold here motorcycles production. of global a very small percentage only represents The finite resources that are required to produce, distribute to to distribute produce, to required that are resources The finite (or dispose of) recycle point of sale, and ultimately a motorcycle to required are less resources Ultimately a car. less than for far are one or two transport which is able to a motorcycle, manufacture people, than a car. will burn less fossil a motorcycle its lifetime, In addition, over efficiently in its rider more and deliver up less space, take fuel, argument environmental to a strong This leads traffic. congested in the modern and scooters use of motorcycles the expanded for area. metropolitan Embedded Energy Motorcycle journeys are quicker and motorcyclists and motorcyclists quicker journeys are Motorcycle in traffic; spend less time stuck smaller and therefore engines are Motorcycle efficient; and fuel inherently emissions of both CO2 lower produce Motorcycles of travel. per kilometre and other pollutants » » » Motorcycling offers significant benefits benefits significant offers Motorcycling air local and in emissions reduction quality because: » » »

4 Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries 5 MotorcyclingFederal Chamber in Australia of Automotive Industries

FCAI advocates FCAI nationally uniform “best practice” “best practice” training andtraining licensing to ensure to licensing that all Australian that all Australian riders have the skills have riders to ride safely. to

Prospective riders should be able to obtain a obtain should be able to riders Prospective in Australia; anywhere at the same age licence the ride to should be licensed riders Prospective and in all states; of motorcycle same category the same through progress should Riders at the stages, Scheme (GLS) Licensing Graduated criteria qualification and with the same same age in all states. » » » Licensing regulations strategies, of different a number are There and licensing safety road to and approaches a “best is for preference FCAI’s Australia. throughout all across that is uniform system licensing practice” riders motorcycle Australian all In this way states. to standards of consistent the application benefit from In particular: and well-being. their safety ensure » » » Learner almost nationally-recognised The now Scheme (LAMS) ensures Motorcycle Approved of a range have riders and inexperienced learners to vehicles capacity medium power, low relatively stages. licensing early their needs during the meet Australian between still variations are there However, The total specification. jurisdictions in the motorcycle of the global percentage is a small market Australian of an even the special requirements and meeting market adds costs small market of this already smaller part the community. be borne by which must ultimately across categories and registration licensing Uniform this burden. remove all jurisdictions would POLICIES & PROGRAMS & POLICIES MOTORCYCLING SAFETY: SAFETY: MOTORCYCLING Training and testing practices have developed have practices and testing Training and state Australian independently in each is a wide variation there Consequently territory. skills tested. and the delivered in the programs question the safety often agencies Government is an increasing there however, benefits of training; to new riders encourage bodies to licensing for trend to the opportunity whilst reducing training undertake a test. simply taking by a licence gain should not be a pre- Car driving experience licence. a motorcycle obtain to in order qualification with previous that riders show to is no evidence There than those without. safer Many are driving experience and roadcraft perception hazard of the important only are riding and specific to are riders for strategies riding experience. developed through special attention. warrant Learners include higher to agencies state encourages FCAI and Roadcraft Perception skills such as Hazard order schemes. and testing in their training Training 55% of serious casualty crashes crashes casualty 55% of serious and in 57% another vehicle involve was motorcyclist the of these crashes Safety Road [SA Motorcycling not at fault and 2005-2010]. Education Strategy, must therefore enforcement users. all road target FCAI supportsFCAI uniform licensing, uniform training and testing training standards andstandards programs to make to programs other road users more users other road aware of motorcyclists. aware Other Road Users AEB, ESC, lane aids (ABS, As driver etc.) blind-spot technology control, in cars, common increasingly become Equipment (PPE) Equipment 1971 mandatory been have since Helmets Personal Protection Protection Personal there is the potential for drivers to become more more become to drivers for is the potential there and less on their own technology on the car’s reliant systems licensing Australia’s skills and awareness. users road of vulnerable aware drivers make to fail the driver’s do not convey and, unfortunately, adequately. these groups towards responsibilities on their and tested should be educated users All road and with motorcyclists of and interaction awareness groups. user road other vulnerable ability to the driver’s should examine test The licence in a motorcyclists to and react observe, anticipate, Test Perception A Hazard situations. number of traffic may be a good users road which includes vulnerable stage. testing at the licence awareness of raising way support riding with to The industry also continues that help ensure to measure on as a safety headlights users other road visible to clearly are motorcyclists drivers” “distracted and more More during the day. on our of issues and accidents seen as the cause are such as users, road Vulnerable roads. congested drivers. distracted being put at risk by are motorcyclists, and are now accepted as a normal part of motorcycling. as a normal part accepted now and are of PPE that is only piece the are Whilst helmets of other products range is a huge there mandatory, both for riders by that is worn and types of clothing that accept Most riders and protection. comfort of PPE that should is a minimum standard there needs of but the differing riders, all by be worn that what means riders off-road versus riders, road Climatic may not suit the other. suits one group consideration, into must also be taken conditions of the in the southern parts as what may be suitable north. the tropical for may be inappropriate country the industry within moves try are to and There protective for system Rating” a “Star establish Dr Liz de researcher clothing. Respected motorcycle on a project Chris Hurran with Dr is working Rome choose a see a rider able to that may eventually on its ability to clothing based of protective piece Currently of an accident. in the case them protect is a of a garment that price is a perception there that is qualities, however guide of protective good an assumption and may be incorrect.

now available to control braking (ABS) braking control to available now (TCS): and traction Safer Bikes responsive intrinsically are Motorcycles is Technology and manoeuvrable. Safer Riders the skills and issues are The key A higher level of the riders. attitudes of skill and experience is necessary is necessary of skill and experience Real and Perceived Dangers Perceived and Real that motorcyclists is no doubt There road than other vulnerable more are the from figures however, users; Advanced Braking Systems (ABS) – the (ABS) Systems Braking Advanced was on new motorcycles of ABS introduction which has been initiative an industry safety without the consumers up by taken naturally regulation. need for – designed (TCS) Systems Control Traction out when accelerating slip tyre control to of corners. » » » » points of contact only two have Motorcycles so it is essential that tyres with the road chosen and then properly use are to appropriate and maintained. fitted of only 250 cc. killed or seriously number of riders A significant in risk-taking involved were in crashes injured the over killed were behaviour – 27% of riders speeding or riding too limit, BAC 4% were legal or unlicensed and 8% were the conditions, for fast licensed. inappropriately of motorcycles than the previous arrangement arrangement than the previous of motorcycles limit capacity an upper to riders which restricted the entry-level motorcyclist a far wider selection wider selection the entry-level a far motorcyclist Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional and Regional Transport of Infrastructure, Bureau 10% down were that fatalities show Economics April 2012 [BITRE, April 2011 to in the period from of fatal the number 30 years the last 2012]. Over has also bikes per 10 000 registered crashes being the motorcycling 79% despite by dropped with numbers segment vehicle growing fastest 2013, and 2003 to from the decade doubling over 2016. to through grow to continuing has supported FCAI machines. higher-powered for Approved of the Learner the introduction Approved Scheme (LAMS) and Learner Motorcycle These motorcycles Australia. across Motorcycles has allowed This scheme than 150 kW/tonne. are restricted to an upper capacity limit of 660cc limit of 660cc an upper capacity to restricted are of less ratio a power-to-weight and must have

6 Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries 7 Motorcycling in Australia One of the most significant areas of areas most significant One of the wheel) two (powered in the PTW change at the entry level. is occurring market Small Mobility Vehicles Mobility Small Centre for Accident Research Research Accident for Centre Queensland, 2012 Safety, and Road About 20% of motorcycle fatalities in Australia in Australia fatalities About 20% of motorcycle rider. an unlicensed involve drugs, and alcohol, vehicles, As with other motor be contributing to known speed are inappropriate especially single crashes, in motorcycle factors crashes. vehicle —  » » Small mobility scooters and short distance commuting commuting and short distance scooters Small mobility in numbers in ever-increasing appearing are scooters bicycles engine-assisted from They range Australia. and sources of power a variety and have gophers to hybrid- pedal, and internal – electric, configurations motor by not covered engine. Many are combustion in be ridden on footpaths can and regulations vehicle areas. urban not are these scooters Mostly unregisterable, fleet; of the motorcycle as part considered generally and councils local authorities, licensing however, terms to come to forced being are alike governments not mobility which have of personal with these forms in planning and consideration into taken been fully laws. licensing industry the motorcycle is the to concern Of particular when one of small mobility vehicles categorisation not a registered If they are in an accident. is involved they should person, a licensed being ridden by vehicle and should not as “motorcycles” not be considered record. statistical of the “motorcycle” part form Crash Factors suggesting on weekends peak injuries Motorcycle with associated are that many serious crashes riding. recreational involve crashes motorcycle than half of fatal More fault. The at often which is most another vehicle, did not see is that the motorist given main reason of an approaching The speed the motorcyclist. resulting in to judge may be difficult motorcycle right-of-way. not giving the expected motorists are riding skills and risk management Defensive riders. for importance of paramount therefore to likely more are crashes single motorcycle Fatal corner or bend. on a road running off the from result on motorcycle impact a greater have conditions Road Obstructions or lack of visibility; unclean crashes. condition poor road or loose material; surfaces road of the curvature and the horizontal markings; or road factors. all be significant can road and behaviour is a that rider attitude It is also clear in crashes: factor key » »

FCAI urges all road urges FCAI authorities (state andauthorities (state local government) local to pay particular pay to attention to the needs to attention of motorcyclists inof motorcyclists road design, construction, road repairs, and maintenance. repairs,

Systems (ITS) Motorcycles within Motorcycles within Intelligent Transport Safer Roads Safer motorcycles Being two-wheeled vehicles, that factors by many be affected can not even might notice: driver a car FCAI supportsFCAI the continued development, introduction, and promotion ofand promotion better technology for technology better safer motorcycles. safer The road surface – slippery road marking materials, – slippery road surface The road all pose works, road unfinished shoulders, unsealed such as a motorcycle. vehicle track a single to threats abide by crews maintenance It is essential that road altering policies when constructing, their own network. road the or maintaining furniture” “roadside all – Ideally hazards Roadside with vulnerable should be designed and placed is an enormous that there in mind. Given users road encourages FCAI cover, to network amount of road “Black Motorcycle target to jurisdictions all state a priority. as treatments roadside for Spots” » » » four-wheeled large is designed for system The road the safety Not only does this compromise vehicles. of advantage take to it fails but of motorcyclists have Motorcycles of motorcycles. the smaller size helping to surface, on the road impact negligible the need and reducing longer its condition maintain and maintenance. repairs for » for example, the condition of the road surface is surface road of the condition the example, for as adverse such Features significance. of greater practices maintenance and pavement camber As well motorcyclists. the risk to increase can Black Spot programs, as motorcycle-specific other safety will also benefit from motorcyclists and the removal sealing such as shoulder initiatives the roadside. objects on or near of hazardous A 2006 study by the Monash University Accident Accident the Monash University by A 2006 study from that, found apart (MUARC) Centre Research been have ITS very motorcycle-specific ABS, few for developed. They developed a list of priority ITS such systems active from These range motorcycles. systems passive to systems stability as electronic to vehicles motor for air bags such as external minimise injury in the event a rider of a crash. to Displays Some developments such as Heads-up already are helmets for systems vision and rear available. commercially be equipped with a to a motorcycle for The potential of be aware to users other road which allows device to would be an enhancement in traffic their location issues which still with it other carries but rider safety be explored. need to

FCAI will continue to to will continue FCAI work with Motorcycling with Motorcycling work Australia and the Australia controlling bodies of controlling Australian motorsport to to motorsport Australian support local events and rider support local development; and with land and Government management to continue authorities to for areas to access facilitate activities. motorcycle recreational Recreational Motorcycle Sport Recreational & Riding “grass events, so called Beyond high profile the most place is taking sport motorcycle roots” of numbers large attract These events can weekends. such as family attendees and associated competitors, as Junior Motocross, such and friends. Events racing, and road Motocross and State events, local of followings large rides all have Park and Trail a specific location. and bring people to competitors, and adventure trail Other events as organised such but distances large cover can rides and tours bike and the areas benefit to economic also bring flow-on which they pass. through townships sport is under motorcycle off-road Unfortunately, of venues the closure from threat considerable Such restrictions facilities. to and denial of access motivated often sport are off-road on motorised and excessive about the environment concerns by irresponsible through be generated noise that can be these issues can use. However, or unregulated land use and appropriate through addressed management. facility MOTORCYCLES IN SPORT IN MOTORCYCLES Australia has produced several high profile riders over over riders high profile several has produced Australia and, as a result, international decades three the past come championship events have world and interest the Price, being Toby The most recent Australia. to byworld took the champion who off-road Australian motorcycle toughest surprise in winning the world’s in 2016. World MotoGP the Dakar, race, endurance events held annually in Victoria and World Superbike competing riders of Australian result a direct are in those championships. successfully events sporting at all levels inject Motorcycle These economy. the local money into significant regional and in rural events off-road from range events at international the high profile to Australia Phillip Island in Victoria. riders high profile for potential is significant There and new riders, attract motorcycling, promote to in South campaign the MAC riding (eg, safer advocate which uses five-times World Champion Australia in 2016 the QLD recently , and more in its which is also using Doohan Government is also There campaign). safety new motorcycle offer to facilities motorsport for an opportunity rider training. advanced There is a strong link between motorcycle link between is a strong There This is licence-holders. sales and racing of of the “health” as a measure used often racing the industry; sales of dedicated good riding in interest strong reflect motorcycles at all levels.

8 Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries 9 MotorcyclingFederal Chamber in Australia of Automotive Industries

Back in 1971, Yamaha’s two-stroke 58cc JT1 Mini- JT1 58cc two-stroke Back in 1971, Yamaha’s the like just $299 while others sold for Enduro and a had swing-in handlebars Trailhopper Suzuki fit in the boot of wheel so it could front removable car. the family from range now Mini-bikes highly to trundlers basic mini-racers sophisticated provide to and continue thousands of young male and female, riders, with their first, sample tantalising ofof the joys motorcycling.

a Kawasaki contract, then switched to the Austrian KTM factory factory KTM the Austrian to then switched contract, a Kawasaki – Desert Race Finke and furious in wins in the fast resulting team, until thrown a lifeline by Kawasaki. But he persisted, was given was he persisted, But Kawasaki. by a lifeline until thrown

widely regarded as Australia’s toughest endurance event – in 2010, endurance toughest as Australia’s widely regarded After a spate of injuries, Price nearly gave competitive riding away competitive gave nearly Price of injuries, a spate After again in 2012, as well as more national off-road championships. national off-road as more in 2012, as well again far more experienced and seasoned competitors. competitors. and seasoned experienced more far he won both the 125cc and 250cc national motocross titles against titles against national motocross and 250cc both the 125cc he won In 2013, he suffered a huge physical setback, crashing heavily during heavily crashing setback, physical a huge In 2013, he suffered In his junior years he won several NSW titles and in 2003, at aged 15, NSW titles and in 2003, at aged several he won In his junior years a race in California and breaking three vertebrae in his neck. in his But a vertebrae three and breaking in California a race country NSW, is now doing. is now NSW, country year later, he was back racing again and set his sights firmly on the and set again racing back he was later, year exactly what this effervescent racer from the Hunter Valley, in Valley, the Hunter from racer what this effervescent exactly Price’s motto is “Don’t dream your life. Live your dreams”. And that’s And that’s dreams”. your Live life. your is “Don’t dream motto Price’s world’s longest and most prestigious endurance race, the Dakar. race, endurance and most prestigious longest world’s

The new Aussie phenomenon in off is Toby Price. Toby racing is road in off phenomenon The new Aussie pinnacle, until now. pinnacle, until now. TO A DAKAR SUPERSTAR SUPERSTAR A DAKAR TO Fast in his first year, in his second he was dominant, winning the 2016 Dakar by a dominant, by he was the 2016 Dakar winning in his second year, in his first Fast huge 39 minutes, cementing his place as an international superstar. as an international his place cementing 39 minutes, huge FROM THE AUSSIE DESERT DESERT AUSSIE THE FROM safari and off-road racing, several have come close but none have reached the reached come close but none have have racing, several and off-road safari international success. In arguably the toughest discipline of them all, long distance of them all, long distance discipline the toughest In arguably success. international Typically, Aussie riders in all disciplines have had to tread the toughest roads to to roads the toughest tread to had disciplines have in all riders Aussie Typically, FROM LITTLE THINGS, BIG THINGS GROW FROM LITTLE It could be said that mini-motorcycles made young made young be said that mini-motorcycles It could what the that’s at least . . . well, adults men better in the 1960s. YMCA thought back been distorted have The true origins of the all sizes time although shoehorning engines into over the time that from has occurred of support frames built. first were motorcycles comes opportunity. often In the midst of challenge, 1960s when a sales slump during the early So it was for a new market Honda sparked at American motorcycles. production a small bike the Honda mini-trail, One of these was ride more so people could the factory modified by an It was and dirt roads. on trails and easily safely success. instant Christian Association Men’s the Young In the US, getting of as a means riding (YMCA) saw mini-bike riding skills in safe and teaching men together, young outdoors. the great and plus parts bikes, 10,000 mini-trail Honda donated of the company to cost classes – at a huge service a the project. And so began million – to US$2.5 around quickly joining in. brands boom, with other mini-bike

FCAI supportsFCAI uniform licensing, uniform training and testing training standards andstandards programs to make to programs other road users more users other road aware of motorcyclists. aware Victorian Department of Sustainability and of Sustainability Department Victorian has Project” Bike (DSE) “Trail Environment trail by use of the forest the legitimate recognised riders; bike major (QMP) has received Park Queensland Moto and eight Government the State from funding the Council of Mayors through councils local (South East Queensland); and Bike Trail Wyaralong a safe offers Facility for site and legal 230,000 trail nearly in South riders bike East Queensland. » » » Recreational Land Use has led to fringe on the urban Land use pressure residents. and user groups different between conflict minority of riders an inconsiderate Unfortunately motorcycle off-road the entire give to has tended care riders Most off-road reputation. a bad community sharing of recreational deeply about the responsible riding behaviour. appropriate and practise areas riding Off-road a reality. land use is becoming Designated include: viable. Examples economically now are parks » » » Off-road motorcycles are one of the most popular are motorcycles Off-road some 43 per cent for accounting in Australia, categories one for is an important of sales. This segment sales and associated with direct the industry, to contribution a significant making expenditure economies. and state regional and Licence Regulations Vehicle to endure specially built are motorcycles Off-road is a significant riding. There of off-road the rigours requirements legal the on-road between difference and the practical etc, mirrors, of indicators, of riding in the bush. requirements with this issue in a grappling are Governments of Recognition manner. and random disconnected motorcycles off-road for tier registration second needed. urgently riding in the bush) is to (restricted turned see that NSW has recently to It is pleasing Recreational seriously considering to its attention citing the motorcycles, off-road for Registration of a scheme as a very example Victorian good the issue. to sense approach common riding for recreational for category A special licence (similar system is also needed. A licensing junior riders a junior boating) whereby recreational to in nature a fully by when accompanied ride, legally rider can riding activities. illegal may help control rider, licensed

OFF-ROAD LICENCES AND LAND USE LAND AND LICENCES OFF-ROAD improvements in productivity.” relationship with their family and friends ... active workers report less absenteeism and development and improves self-esteem. their physical and mental health, and the concerns of local communities.” results than non-active students. Physically bike riding can reduce weight gain, obesity Exercise enhances personal and social which is beneficial to their personal well-being, fashion while taking into consideration the Active students produce better academic “Exercise and physical activityand in suchturn asreduceIt trailcan alsothe riskreduceand of anxietychronic symptoms anddisease. ofimprove depression mental health. “... perceive trail bike riding as a social activity In addition, trailwith bike being riders ablesport are to in continueconcerned an organised practicing and thewell managed In a proposal to carry out further research in this research carry out further to In a proposal policy for basis a sound provide to in order area a Research Dr Madeleine Brabant, formulation, noted: at Griffith University, Fellow Recreational Riding Research in of Queensland the university by prepared A report riders: that recreational 2009 concluded Sanctioned events such as organised trail rides trail Sanctioned events such as organised One-off many years. for been run in Australia have clubs and to granted run these events are permits to safe of running records with proven organisations events. A majority responsible and environmentally and this has a Australia and rural in regional occur on those communities impact economic strong in Victoria). (e.g., the Blue Light Rally Off-road riding and mini-bike riding and mini-bike riding Off-road activities lifestyle outdoor healthy are and the whole family involve that can discipline to skills and important impart to be riding needs Off-road riders. young and legitimate as a healthy recognised adequately activity and recreational appropriate to with access for provided small outer from ranging riding areas in public forests trails to tracks urban and bushland.

10 Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries 11 Motorcycling in Australia

When idling, the clutch is not engaged so the bike so the bike is not engaged When idling, the clutch hand to the use of a free giving posties doesn’t move, boxes. the mail into deliver efficient fuel more The new NBC110 is 60 per cent marvellously evolved and has fit the to than before delivery improvements with environment postal and indicators, brighter guards, such as plastic leg manoeuvrability. improved as much as 60 million covering are And when you the mail, these delivering a year, kilometres their prove motorcycles and reliable economic everyworth day. POSTIE BIKE BIKE POSTIE IN PRAISE OF THE HUMBLE HUMBLE THE OF PRAISE IN ease of use. ease for postal delivery riders because of its delivery because riders postal for Honda during the late 1950s, is seen as ideal 1950s, is seen as ideal Honda during the late On any given week day across Australia, up to as up to Australia, across day week On any given their way wheeling are bikes many as 7000 postie and laneways streets, roads, Australia’s, through and a level of service providing housing estates, over. the world that is respected reliability everyone by known the postie bike as simply It’s recent the NBC110, the most Honda it’s but to delivery of postal succession in a decades-long best- been Australia’s which have motorcycles of its virtue selling two-wheeled model, simply by Post. Australia for role contractual professional Post Australia registered The NBC110 is sold only to hard-working of fuel-injected, It is 108cc contractors. of Australian single cylinder and is an icon stroke four Honda model, which The latest culture. suburban the replaced gradually in 2013, has appeared first delivery postal as each CT110 bright red much-loved of years three 25,000km or accumulated clocked bike out of service. taken use, and was as the Honda Cub, life began The postie bike the post WWII during produced the model first for mobility affordable provide to environment population. Japan’s in the in Australia arrived iteration The CT90 Post Australia for adapted mid-1960s and was duty suspension, more with a heavier requirements with the cope to brakes and stronger performance delivery. demands of postal developed by clutch, centrifugal The automatic

FCAI will continue continue will FCAI

to support the to uptake of new uptake

technology that technology will enhance will enhance consumer choice and choice consumer rider safety.

There is no mechanism to audit or monitor or monitor audit is no mechanism to There ADR compliance; and recalls; safety manage is no mechanism to There imports with identify is no mechanism to There or to repair and historya previous of damage mileage. vehicle stated guarantee FCAI would like to see a to like would FCAI level playing field where all motorcycles sold all motorcycles within Australia have within Australia to have the same levels have to » » » of scrutiny and compliance of scrutiny and compliance Issues include: » » » of standards enforcement rigorous should be more There of regulation. breaches penalties for and greater New Technology the links to direct have members FCAI Several Developments in Industry. Automotive Global motorcycle to down quickly filter technology where incorporated and are manufacturers Transport in new Intelligent models. appropriate (ABS), Systems Antilock Braking (ITS), Systems and Electronic Stability Controls (ESC) are are (ESC) Controls Stability and Electronic emissions, hybrid Lower integrated. well already and vehicles electric powered technology, improved recycleability are all a reality while while all a reality are recycleability improved – such as ignition security security features and data-dot (immobilisers) systems individual (which identifies technology to benefit of direct – are components) the owner/purchaser. to ensure customer ensure to safety and authenticity. safety NEW TECHNOLOGY NEW DESIGN STANDARDS AND AND STANDARDS DESIGN Grey (Parallel) and Personal Imports and Personal Grey (Parallel) imports or personal in as grey coming Motorcycles with ADRs but, without comply to required are is no there auditing or monitoring, effective do so. actually that these vehicles guarantee Scheme (SEVS) The Specialist and Enthusiast Vehicles 1 January 1989 allows before manufactured vehicles for These and enthusiast bikes. import historic people to regulations state with the basic must simply comply manufactured. applying at the time theywere Scheme Workshop Automotive The Registered and supply of used the importation for allows (RAWS) specialist or enthusiast vehicles. can 10 years in the past manufactured Motorcycles such features however, RAWS; through be imported not included often are and security systems as ABS with bikes show regularly while advertisements pipes) exhaust fittings (tyres, non-compliant been changed which should have are sale. Many riders before to being exposed therefore risks. unnecessary European and North American markets drive design drive markets and North American European especially those and new technologies, standards represents Australia safer. motorcycling that make direct sales and so cannot about 1% of worldwide technology. the development of future and well-developed sophisticated as a However, in technology the latest to access do have we market, imported. the products specify United can Design Regulations Australian (UNECE) Europe Commission for Nations Economic global more to lead would which standards ensure This would harmonisation of regulations. on less impact have will design regulations that local user the consumer/end give pricing and thereby local technology. the latest to access greater

12 Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries 13 Motorcycling in Australia

FCAI will communicate will communicate FCAI with key Motorcycle with key Riders Groups; where Groups; Riders appropriate, seek inputappropriate, into industryinto programs; and support raising skillsand support raising and competencies and competencies throughout the industry. throughout FCAI is the appropriate organisation to voice those voice to organisation the appropriate is FCAI Industry. motorcycle the to and issues relevant concerns the policythat will affect input into Having credible of the survival industry the long-term is essential to and help with planning at a macro and will Industry, of the breadth level businesses across within micro industry. the motorcycle State & Federal Governments State & Federal in the development of policies andHaving a voice Industry the Motorcycle and to is critical regulations Motorcycle Dealers play in to role a key have dealers Motorcycle be used as a the public and can to flow information the industry. to feedback for conduit an important also have dealerships Motorcycle in the motorcycle role function communications of communication line the front They are industry. both current to about all aspects of motorcycling into looking at getting riders and potential riders medium also be an effective They can motorcycling. of industry-wide messages communicating for the public. to importance

MOTORCYCLING RELATIONSHIPS MOTORCYCLING FCAI is the key communications channel for the channel for communications the key is FCAI needs with industry’s the motorcycle raising industry, Government, and Local Government, State Federal and authorities, technical and registration licencing organisations. bodies, and other related regulatory effective maintain seeks to Group Motorcycle The FCAI with relevant and cooperation communication of having the importance authorities and understands about issues and concerns. in messages consistency FCAI Motorcycle Group Members Group Motorcycle FCAI import 19 different brands of motorcycles of motorcycles brands import 19 different of the just under 90% for which account market. in the Australian sales volume total

Look for people in stationary and parked cars and be and cars people in stationary and parked for Look If the pointed. wheels are front the car’s wary where in that direction. is headed the car turned wheels are with the driver. eye contact and establish Try ensure on a multi-lane road, While lane-filtering whilst it any and all problems, for ready are you the it’s wrong, does go if something legal, is now rider who will end up hurt. distracted Be wary behaviour generally, of driver users. all road to a danger are drivers be prepared always and route an escape for Look or accelerate. swerve,to brake look all directions turn green, lights When traffic way. off; never assume right of taking before down change a stop, to or slowing When stopped, with gear, in first and stop the gears through brake rear using the foot on the ground, left your at very speeds. low the bike smoothly stop to mirrors checking your in gear, ready, Remain expects behind you immediately – the driver promptly. away move to motorcyclists Proper use of your motorcycles brakes is vital to to is vital brakes motorcycles use of your Proper in all stopping, emergency Practise survival. your out the maximum get to yourself train conditions, to when it comes and yourself motorcycle of your with anti-lock is equipped bike If your stopping. have to like what it feels know you ensure brakes, in an emergency activated that system » » » » » » » Here’s a few so-called “tricks of the trade” trade” “tricks of the so-called a few Here’s to all other to impart like Officers that Police on our roads: safe they stay ensure to riders, » » » » » » »

FOR POLICE THE WORLD OVER, OVER, WORLD THE POLICE FOR TWO WHEELS ARE INDISPENSABLE ARE WHEELS TWO apid, versatile and capable of negotiating dense of negotiating and capable apid, versatile police riders with an array of skills from the slow, ceremonial the slow, of skills from with an array riders police as management, and traffic passing rapid to escort VIP tour when performing experienced commonly duties. traffic the day-to-day to duties, through equipment such as a with extra motorcycles, Police bars, safety radar, lights, police emergency sirens, radio, usually documentation, and the necessary aid gear first bikes, than most commuting more significantly weigh a day. for as much as 12 hours out in the traffic are yet the skills and refined have of training Years motorcycle of police base knowledge a high degree. to riders R and off- road incidents, to critical respond to traffic police to asset vital a become have motorcycles road the more with most of fleets, services and emergency packages designing specific manufacturers common which suit these requirements. amongst probably are motorcycles The BMW police on the motorcycles recognised the most commonly as on the road of life The reality in Australia. roads challenging is a officer police or traffic a motorcycle is of the officers and safety and the comfort job, on the job with long hours a tough It’s paramount. someone who and requires in all weathers, road riding. enjoys really rigorous have services Most modern police their aspiring for courses motorcycle-specific Most, if not all will have officers. traffic motorcycle work. All patrol or in traffic experience previous – the services police and territory state Australian included – also smallest of the jurisdictions, the ACT, tasks such as for machines off-road their own have those off-road and patrolling and rescue, search their skills. test to like riders where areas duty provides and plenty of on-road training Intensive Time and again, the motorcycle has proved has proved the motorcycle Time and again, police for tool itself as an invaluable the world. over all services

14 Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries 15 Motorcycling in Australia

Motorcycling Relationships Motorcycle with key will communicate FCAI seek input into appropriate, where Groups; Riders skills and and support raising industry programs; the industry. throughout competencies Off-Road Licences & Land Use Off-Road Licences recreational appropriate promote to continue will FCAI system licensing of junior some form and registration these activities. and encourage support to off-road responsible encourage to will work FCAI land use. designated to access riding and greater & New Technology Design Standards all see a levelplaying field where to like would FCAI the should have sold within Australia motorcycles ensure to same levels and compliance of scrutiny and authenticity. safety customer of new the uptake support to will continue FCAI choice consumer that will enhance technology and rider safety. DIRECTIONS FOR THE THE FOR DIRECTIONS MOTORCYCLING INDUSTRY MOTORCYCLING

Motorcycle Sport & Recreation Australia with Motorcycling work to will continue FCAI to motorsport bodies of Australian and the controlling events and rider development.support local with land management work to will continue FCAI facilitate to continue authorities to and Government activities. motorcycle recreational for areas to access Safety: Perceptions reporting statistical promote to will continue FCAI of picture and balanced a fair which provides issues. safety motorcycling Safety: Policies & Programs Safety: Policies “best practice” uniform nationally advocates FCAI that all Australian ensure to and licensing training ride safely. the skills to have riders and testing training licensing, supports uniform FCAI users other road make to programs and standards of motorcyclists. aware more development, supports the continued FCAI technology of better and promotion introduction, authorities all road urges FCAI motorcycles. safer for particular pay to government) and local (state in road the needs of motorcyclists to attention and maintenance. repairs, design, construction, FCAI will continue to encourage the use of motorcycles the use of motorcycles encourage to continue will FCAI fuel usage, overall congestion, traffic urban reduce to fleet. and emissions of the transport Energy Efficiency & Emissions Energy Efficiency FCAI will continue to promote the benefits to the the benefits to promote to will continue FCAI is given it ensure to of motorcycling community planning. policy and urban in transport weight greater Transport Policy & Urban Planning Policy Transport 16 Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries RIDING INTO THE FUTURE: WHERE TO NOW?

Motorcycling’s ability to deliver a “feel-good” factor unmatched by any other forms of human transportation make its appeal almost universal yet, challenges to the industry remain, particularly in the areas of safety, ease of use, and user-friendliness across the genders and a range of ages. Advances in safety have been significant in recent years, and the research continues. A key safety innovation which is now becoming commonplace and standard fitment on many road- going motorcycles is linked braking and anti-lock braking. Both technical features reduce or almost eliminate the possibility of locking a wheel under heavy Technically, it’s not a motorcycle but Toyota’s braking, which is a significant contributor to instability. i-Road blends all the best two-wheeled attributes – nimbleness, fun to ride, and a compact size—with Stability control and/or traction control are rider those of a car (reduced exposure to the elements, assistance systems and are seen as a valuable comfort for occupants of challenged mobility, long safety aids that can also be switched off when not distance comfort). required. The system electronically measures all key input data, such as wheel speed, lean angle, pitch The battery-powered, cabin-enclosed i-Road has angle, acceleration, braking pressure and more, and a tandem seat at the rear behind the rider (driver), intervenes seamlessly to keep both wheels in firm steers with its single rear wheel and has two contact with the road. motorcycle-sized wheels across a narrow track at the front. The secret to its appeal is that it leans Two wheel drive is seen as having strong potential for into corners like a motorcycle, and the vehicle enhanced safety and stability, and is already being automatically senses the optimal lean angle. So closely trialled by a number of manufacturers. The the i-Road has zero emissions, the convenience of a complexity of delivering drive to the front wheel has motorcycle with the comfort and stability of a car. been overcome, but is not without considerable cost. It may not be for everyone, but the i-Road shows just A San Francisco-based start-up company has how much motorcycling can be a major contributor attracted attention with its gyroscopic stability to hybrid design solutions system. It uses a pair of flywheels spinning at 10,000+ for modern commuting. rpm to generate significant torque which acts to control the tilt and lean of its vehicle. The gyroscopic effect keeps the two-wheeled vehicle upright, and landing gear is deployed when parked. Another innovation is the transference of car- type airbag technology into motorcycles. Some larger road-going motorcycles (such as the Honda Goldwing) have an inbuilt airbag. After studying some 1000 airbag deployments on racetracks and open roads, Italian rider protection specialist company Dainese has now become a leader in the inbuilt airbag for motorcycle rider jackets. The Dainese-patented 3D airbag doesn’t require a sensor kit fitted to the motorcycle but uses its own proprietory algorithms for deployment. The jacket’s inbuilt systems monitor the dynamics of the rider 800 times a second and determines when to deploy. When deployed, the airbag provides a uniform inflation of 5cm over its surface area to better safeguard the rider’s collarbones, chest and back. What happens when the world‘s largest car company decides that motorcycles provide a big part of the human mobility solution? The result is the Toyota i-Road. 17 Motorcycling in Australia 344 319,000,000 (+10.3%); 8,400,000 263 189 (-6.7%) 64,300,000 (Including UK, Germany, 1,216,000 807,000 Registered Motorcycles Registered per 10,000 people Motorcycles Population (2014) Population UK UK UK USA USA USA Australia Australia Australia 23,446,000 Netherlands, Scandinavia, Greece, Italy, Spain) Italy, Greece, Scandinavia, Netherlands, 885,443 motorcycles 885,443 motorcycles 328,305 Europe (2015) Europe motorcycles 1.21 million registered 24 countries Sport and recreation popular with is sport and recreation Motorcycle by conducted year 4500 events each an estimated (MA), the national body for Australia Motorcycling country. the around racing motorcycle organising issued to are licenses About 22,000 annual than more along with sport riders, motorcycle year. each licences 40,000 single use recreational the to millions of dollars These events contribute areas. and rural in regional particularly economy, compare? do we How (2 and 3 wheel), including mopeds IN REVIEW On issue wide Australia to Australian to Total motorcycles Total , employing 3920 people , employing per 1000 people in 2015* in wages profit Road Bikes Bikes Road per 1000 people in 2009 Registered motorcycles nationally motorcycles Registered 8,000 comprising: Off-Road Bikes Off-Road sector revenue/turnover $340.5 million Scooters 34 bikes 34 bikes 29 bikes 6% (*increase of 17 per cent) of (*increase approx. 807,000 approx. approx. 2.2 million approx. 43% 51% (est.) 1.05 million Contributes Contributes GDP (0.02%) 2015 2009 Ownership of Registered Motorcycles has increased from: has increased Motorcycles of Registered Ownership Motorcycle ownership Motorcycle 880 businesses $102.1 million $184.6 million $2.8 billion $1.8 billion Australian motorcycle dealerships motorcycle Australian Motorcycle licences licences Motorcycle Motorcycle Sales Motorcycle 2015 total: 8 including 1700 motorcycle mechanics including 1700 motorcycle Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries 59 Wentworth Avenue, Kingston ACT 2604 02 6247 3811 | www.fcai.com.au