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A Without Prejudice List of Generic Names of Fungi for Protection Under IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 4 · NO 2: 381–443 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.02.17 A without-prejudice list of generic names of fungi for protection under the ARTI International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants C Paul M. Kirk1, Joost A. Stalpers2, Uwe Braun3, Pedro W. Crous2, Karen Hansen4, David L. Hawksworth1, 5, Kevin D. Hyde6, LE Robert Lücking7, Thorsten H. Lumbsch7, Amy Y. Rossman8, Keith A. Seifert9, and Mark Stadler10 1Mycology Section, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] 2CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands 3Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany 4Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History (S), P.O. Box 50007, Svante Arrhenius väg 7, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 5Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK 6Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand 7Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA 8Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA 9Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada 10Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Dept. Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany Abstract: As a first step towards the production of a List of Protected Generic Names for Fungi, a without-prejudice Key words: list is presented here as a basis for future discussion and the production of a List for formal adoption. We include 6995 Ascomycota generic names out of the 17072 validly published names proposed for fungi and invite comments from all interested Basidiomycota mycologists by 31 March 2014. The selection of names for inclusion takes note of recent major publications on different Chytridiomycota groups of fungi, and further the decisions reached so far by international working groups concerned with particular Glomeromycota families or genera. Changes will be sought in the Code to provide for this and lists at other ranks to be protected against Lichens any competing unlisted names, and to permit the inclusion of names of lichen-forming fungi. A revised draft will be made Myxomycota available for further discussion at the 10th International Mycological Congress in Bangkok in August 2014. A schedule is Nomenclature suggested for the steps needed to produce a list for adoption by the International Botanical Congress in August 2017. Protected List This initiative provides mycologists with an opportunity to place nomenclature at the generic level on a more secure Oomycota and stable base. Zygomycota Article info: Submitted: 16 December 2013; Accepted: 17 December 2013; Published: 18 December 2013. INTRODUCTION International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). However, the rates of progress have varied, and there are many The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and orders and families with no working groups. The procedures for plants (ICN; McNeill et al. 2012) provided for the development the development, review, and approval of lists will necessarily of lists of accepted names of fungi in all ranks that could be be lengthy as they require much care over matters of treated as conserved after examination and approval by the bibliography, typification, and synonymy – and deciding which Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) and the General of two or more competing names the mycological community Committee (Art. 14.13). The Code also provided for the wishes to commend. While the Code does not state that final development of lists of names to be rejected (Art. 56.3). ratification of lists produced would have to await adoption by While the motivation for these lists was the ending of the the subsequent International Botanical Congress (IBC), that is provisions for the separate naming of different morphs of the likely to be the situation in practice. Also as some aspects of the same species, which became effective on 30 July 2012, there lists and their status will need to be clarified by amendments was no such restriction placed on the names that might be to the wordings in the current Code. IBC’s are held at six-year placed on the new lists. intervals, the next being in Shenzhen, China, on 23–29 July Considerable progress has been made in the development 2017; the Nomenclature Section, at which proposals to change of lists of generic, and in some cases specific, names to the Code or adopt lists would be discussed is scheduled for propose for protection by working groups co-ordinated by the 18–22 July 2017. © 2013 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. VOLUME 4 · NO. 2 381 Kirk et al. Acceptance of lists by the mycological community as a The selection of names presented here is without- whole is desirable, and the best method for that would be prejudice. That is, it is a document with no decision, that LE C through review, and adoption with amendments proposed, leaves all mycologists free to argue and that the contents are at an International Mycological Congress, i.e. on 3–8 August not to be taken as implying that they will be those eventually 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand. Following that Congress, the adopted. Nevertheless, this list has endeavoured to follow ARTI lists would be honed and submitted to the NCF (via the the developing views of working groups as their discussions General Committee) for scrutiny and approval by the General continue, in addition to the publications cited above and the Committee during 2015, so that the final lists could be personal knowledge of the contributors to this list. Input from published in 2016 for adoption at the IBC the following year. the wider mycological community is encouraged. Matters At the Spring Symposium organized by the CBS-KNAW to be considered in making choices between competing Fungal Biodiversity Centre in Amsterdam on 10–12 April names typified by different morphs have been summarized 2013, it was recognized that slow progress was being in Hawksworth (2012). made on the preparation of lists for many groups of fungi, All fungal groups whose nomenclature is covered by the and dates in the suggested timetable (Hawksworth 2012) Code are treated here, including slime-moulds (Myxomycota were being missed. In view of the urgent need to resolve or Mycetozoa), oomycetes (Oomycota), and lichen-forming which of competing generic names in particular were to be fungi (see below). Names of Microsporidia, are excluded as adopted, especially in fungi of applied importance such as their nomenclature is governed by the International Code of medicine and plant pathology, it was proposed that a draft Zoological Nomenclature (ICN Pre. 8). List of Protected Generic Names be prepared as a basis It is always easier to introduce a new generic name than for discussion and made available for comment as soon as to discover if one is already available in the past literature. possible (Anon. 2013). The list presented here is in fulfilment As we do not wish to encourage oversights, but do wish to of that proposal. provide an opportunity for earlier names to be discovered, we considered it expedient only to include names published before 1 January 2000. THE WITHOUT-PREJUDICE LIST Here we list 6995 generic names with their author citations and dates of publication. A fuller version with bibliographical The starting point for the preparation of the list presented citations and information on the type species will be available here was the names of genera accepted in the latest edition to download as a PDF from the website of the ICTF. The of Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al. list to be proposed for eventual adoption will include that 2008), supplemented with bibliographical citations and type information, but those elements are omitted in this article species information from the already scrutinized NCU-3: because of limitations of space. Separate files by order, with Names in current use for extant plant genera (Greuter et al. places of publication and type species, will also be available 1993), Index Fungorum, and MycoBank. We also took into for download for those wishing to scrutinize specific groups at account available major works and other compilations. These www.generaoffungi.org. are too numerous to list here, but include the Outline of Ascomycota–2009 (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2010), The Yeasts (Kurtzman et al. 2011), The Genera of Hyphomycetes (Seifert CODE MODIFICATIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS et al. 2011), and proposals regarding the choice between competing names in some families already published Because the concept of protected and rejected lists of names (Rossman et al. 2013, Stadler et al. 2013). We also drew on had not been discussed by mycologists at large prior to its various works recently published or in press (e.g.
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