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Yucca House National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report

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Yucca House National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report National Park Service US Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Yucca House National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2013/705 ON THE COVER Sleeping Ute Mountain from Yucca House National Monument. At 2,817 m (9,242 ft) in elevation, Sleeping Ute Mountain rises above the Montezuma Valley and is a distinctive landmark in the Yucca House area. THIS PAGE Reconstructed north wall of Lower House 3. The Lower House is a primary archeological site within Yucca House National Monument. The Mesa Verde escarpment serves as a backdrop for the national monument. National Park Service photographs courtesy George San Miguel (Yucca House National Monument) Yucca House National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2013/705 National Park Service Geologic Resources Division PO Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225 August 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. Printed copies of this report are produced in a limited quantity and they are only available as long as the supply lasts. This report is available from the Geologic Resources Inventory website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/inventory/ gre_publications.cfm) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Thornberry-Ehrlich, T. L. 2013. Yucca House National Monument: geologic resources inventory report. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2013/705. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 318/122182, August 2013 ii NPS Geologic Resources Division Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... vii Credits ....................................................................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Geologic Resources Inventory Program ......................................................................................................................... 1 Park Setting ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Geologic Features and Processes .................................................................................. 7 Connections between Geology and Park Stories ........................................................................................................... 7 Paleontological Resources ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Geologic Issues ............................................................................................................ 11 Disturbed Land Restoration ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Springs and Seeps ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Swelling Clays ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 Surficial Features and Processes .................................................................................................................................. 15 Slope Movements ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 Aeolian Features and Processes .................................................................................................................................. 16 Seismic Activity .......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Future Park Development ........................................................................................................................................... 16 Energy Development .................................................................................................................................................. 17 Geologic History .......................................................................................................... 19 Mesozoic Era (251 million–65.5 million years ago): North America Separates from Pangaea and is Flooded by a Shallow Sea ............................................................................................................................................................................ 19 Cenozoic Era (65.5 million years ago to the Present): Uplift of the Colorado Plateau, Regional Erosion ........................ 21 Geologic Map Data ...................................................................................................... 25 Geologic Maps .......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Source Maps .............................................................................................................................................................. 25 Geologic GIS Data ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 Geologic Map Graphic ............................................................................................................................................... 26 Map Unit Properties Table .......................................................................................................................................... 26 Use Constraints .......................................................................................................................................................... 26 Glossary ........................................................................................................................ 27 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................ 33 Additional References ................................................................................................. 37 Geology of National Park Service Areas ...................................................................................................................... 37 NPS Resource Management Guidance and Documents ............................................................................................... 37 Geological Surveys and Societies ................................................................................................................................ 37 US Geological Survey Reference Tools ........................................................................................................................ 37 Appendix A: Scoping Meeting Participants ............................................................... 39 Appendix B: Geologic Resource Laws, Regulations, and Policies ............................. 41 YUHO Geologic Resources Inventory Report iii List of Figures Figure 1. Upper House mound. .................................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2. Mesa Verde. .................................................................................................................................................
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