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Home , Bali Aga, Bawean, Betawi language, Kangean language

Ethnologue report for ( and ) Page 1 of 4

Languages of Indonesia (Java and Bali)

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Indonesia (Java and Bali). 120,000,000 in Java (2003), 3,151,162 in Bali (2000 census). The number of listed for Indonesia (Java and Bali) is 20. Of those, all are living languages.

Living languages

Badui [bac] 5,000 (1989). , Mount Kendeng, Kabupaten Rangkasbitung, Pandeglang, and Sukabumi. Dialects: Sometimes considered a dialect of Sunda. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Sundanese More information. Bali [ban] 3,900,000 (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Island of Bali, northern Nusa Penida, western Lombok Islands, and . 7,000 in South . Alternate names: Balinese. Dialects: Lowland Bali (Klungkung, Karangasem, Buleleng, Gianyar, Tabanan, Jembrana, Badung), Highland Bali ("Bali Aga"), Nusa Penida. Reported to be two distinct dialects: High Balinese is used in religion, but those who can handle it are diminishing. There are speech strata in several lowland varieties (Clynes 1989, personal communication). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Bali-Sasak More information. Bali Sign [bqy] 2,200 in the village, out of 50 deaf people Language and 2,150 hearing people (1995 T. Friedman). 1 village in Bali. Classification: Deaf More information. Betawi [bew] 2,700,000 (1993 Johnstone). , Java. Alternate names: Jakarta Malay, Betawi Malay, Batavi, Batawi, Melayu Jakarte. Dialects: 'A Malay-based creole which is quite distinct from both standard Indonesian and from other Malay-based pidgins and creoles'. It evolved by the mid-19th century. Unique phonological, morphological, and lexical traits. There are also influences from Peranakan

http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IDJ 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Java and Bali) Page 2 of 4

Chinese and Bali. Often not intelligible to Indonesian speakers not familiar with it (R. B. Allen, Jr. 1989). Classification: Creole, Malay based More information. Chinese, [hak] 640,000 in Indonesia (1982). Hakka Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese More information. Chinese, [cmn] 460,000 in Indonesia (1982). Scattered Mandarin throughout Indonesia. Classification: Sino- Tibetan, Chinese More information. Chinese, Min [cdo] 20,000 in Indonesia (1982). Alternate Dong names: Min Dong. Dialects: Xinghua (Hsinghua). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese More information. Chinese, Min [nan] 700,000 in Indonesia (1982). Pontianak Nan (West ) and elsewhere. Alternate names: Minnan, Min Nan. Dialects: Fujian (), Chaochow (Tiu Chiu). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese More information. Chinese, Yue [yue] 180,000 in Indonesia (1982). Alternate names: , Yue, Yueh. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese More information. Indonesian [ind] 22,803,774 in Indonesia (2000 WCD). Population total all countries: 23,143,354. Used in all regions of Indonesia. Also spoken in , Philippines, Saudi Arabia, , USA. Alternate names: Bahasa Indonesia. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay More information. Indonesian [inl] Ethnic population: 2,000,000 deaf people Sign Language (1993). Classification: Deaf sign language More information. Indonesian, [pea] 20,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). East Peranakan and central Java. Alternate names: Chinese Indonesian, Baba Indonesian, Peranakan. Dialects: It is based in Indonesian and Javanese. It has Mandarin elements in contrast to Baba Malay, which has Hokkien elements. Classification: Creole, Indonesian based

http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IDJ 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Java and Bali) Page 3 of 4

More information. Javanese [jav] 75,200,000 in Indonesia (1989). Population includes 500,000 , 2,500,000 Cirebon. About 25,000 in South Sulawesi. Population total all countries: 75,508,300. Central Java, eastern third of west Java, southwestern half of east Java. Also resettlements in Papua, Sulawesi, Maluku, Kalimantan, and . Also spoken in (), Netherlands, Singapore. Alternate names: Jawa, Djawa. Dialects: Jawa Halus, Cirebon (Tjirebon, Cheribon), Tegal, Indramayu, Solo, Tembung, Pasisir, , Malang-Pasuruan, Banten, Manuk. West Javanese dialects: Banten, Cirebon, Tegal; central Javanese dialect: Solo in Yogyakarta; East Javanese dialects: Surabaya, Malang- Pasuruan. High Javanese (Jawa Halus) is the language of religion, but the number of people that can control that form is diminishing. The Javanese in Suriname and in New Caledonia have changed sufficiently to be only partially intelligible with difficulty. Javanese in New Caledonia are reported to not be able to use High Javanese (Koentjaraninggrat). Several dialects in Sabah. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Javanese More information. Kangean [kkv] 21,209 (2000 WCD). Eastern Madura area. Dialects: Barely intelligible with East Madura. A separate language (Stevens 1968). Lexical similarity 75% with Madura. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Madurese More information. Madura [mad] 13,694,000 in Indonesia (1995). Population includes 70,000 Bawean. Population total all countries: 13,694,900. Island of Madura, Sapudi Islands, northern coastal area of eastern Java. Also spoken in Singapore. Alternate names: Madurese, Madhura, Basa Mathura. Dialects: Bawean (Boyanese), Bangkalan (Bangkalon), Pamekesan (Pamekasan), Sampang, Sapudi, Sumenep. There is a dialect continuum. Reports differ about inherent intelligibility among dialects, but some speakers of Sumenep and Sampang report that they cannot understand Pamekasan or Sumenep. Difficult intelligibility of Kangean. Lexical similarity 75%

http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IDJ 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Java and Bali) Page 4 of 4

with Kangean. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Madurese More information. Malay, [mhp] 3,151,162 (2000 census). Bali. Balinese Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay More information. Osing [osi] 481,852 (2000 WCD). East and northeast coast of east Java. Alternate names: Banyuwangi. Dialects: Related to East Javanese. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Javanese More information. Petjo [pey] Djakarta (Batavia), Java. Alternate names: Petjoh, Pecok. Dialects: Influences from Dutch, Javanese, and Betawi. Classification: Creole, Dutch based More information. Sunda [sun] 27,000,000 (1990 Clynes). Western third of Java Island. Alternate names: Sundanese, Priangan. Dialects: Banten, Bogor (Krawang), Pringan, Cirebon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sundanese More information. Tengger [tes] 500,000 (1989). East Java, on the Tengger-Semeru massif and the slopes of Mt. Bromo. Alternate names: Tenggerese. Dialects: May be marginally intelligible with Javanese. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Javanese More information.

This web edition of the Ethnologue contains all the content of the print edition and may be cited as: Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/.

http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IDJ 2/28/2008