DOCSLIB.ORG

Sphinx Drupiferarum A. & S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sphinx Drupiferarum A. & S Article XIX.-TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOME NORTH AMERICAN HAWK-MOTHS. By WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER. The following notes on transformation of some Sphingidle were made during the past sumhier, and nearly all the eggs were received through the kindness of Mr. Jacob Doll. Sphinx drupiferarum A. & S. Egg.-Oval, longer than broad, pale whitish green, smooth. Length, I.5 mm.; width, I.25 mm.; height, I mm. Laid June ii emerged June i6. Length of young larva, 2 mm. Stage I.-Head globular, smooth. Wholly pale whitish with a faint trace of a greenish tinge and no traces of the characteristic oblique bands on each side. Caudal horn rather long, black. Under the lens the larva is regularly trans- versely wrinkled, and as it grows older, faint traces of a whitish subdorsal stripe appears. Length, 8 mm.; caudal horn, 2 mm. Moulted June 22. Stage II.-Head finely granulated. Body pale green along the sides and whitish along the dorsal region. Along each side is a fine whitish subdorsal line and oblique stripes along the sides. Caudal horn reddish. Legs green, with black tips ; thoracic feet pinkish. The subdorsal line, as the larva grows older, becomes broken and is quite indistinct. Length, i8 mm. Moulted June 27. Stage I11.-The body is now apple green, the caudal horn redder, and the oblique stripes more distinct-whitish in the middle, greenish at each end and carmine red in front. Body and head rather strongly granulated. In some individuals the red on the oblique stripe is absent. Length, 30 mm. Moulted July 2. Stage IV.-Body green, granulated, with the oblique stripes on each side pure white, with violet in front. Thoracic feet pink, ye'low at their bases. Length, 43 mm. Moulted July 6. Stage V.-Head large, rugose, green, with a broad russian leather red stripe on each side. Body smooth, without granulations, pale pea green, darker at the extreme sides and beneath the oblique stripes are broad, bright violet- [29I1 292 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. VIII, purple in front and narrowly white behind. Caudal horn russian leather red. Thoracic feet russian leather red, with their basal halves yellow. Spiracles pale orange. Abdominal legs green, extremities black and preceded by a nar- row yellow ring. Mouth parts black. Length, 80-85 mm. Fully grown, July 14-17. Formed pupae July i8 and 2I. Pupa.-Rather large and stout, pitchy brown, segments rugosely punctured, junctions of segments dull, exceedingly finely and regularly wrinkled. Thorax and head rugose, wing-cases slightly rugose. Tongue-case closely applied to to the chest. Length, 50-52 mm.; width, I3 mm.; tongue-case, IO mm. The eggs were received from Mr. J. Doll, who found them on Long Island on wild cherry (Prunus serotina). The young larvae, however, woluld not eat the leaves of this tree, and they all died. Another lot of eggs were sent me by Mr. Doll, and they were fed and raised to maturity on a species of cultivated Japanese cherry, on which they thrived very well. Mr. I)oll informs me that he was likewise unable to raise his larvae of dirupiferarum on Prunus serotina. They also feed on beach plum (Prunus maritima), cul- tivated plum and cherry, and are said to also feed on hackberry (Celtis occidentalis). I have found the eggs on Prunus pennsyl- vanicus. My larvae also refused to eat the leaves of cultivated apple. Sphinx lucitiosa Clem. Egg.-Globular, smooth, shining, pale green, slightly longer than broad. Length, I.25 mm.; width, i mm.; height, i mm. Laid June 4; emerged June 9. Length of young larva, I. 5 mm. Stage I.-Wholly pale yellowish white, without any marking whatever. Caudal horn black. As the larva grows older it is regularly covered with trans- verse rows of minute white dots, and on each side is a very narrow white sub- dorsal stripe. Length, 7 mm. Moulted June I5. Stage 11.-Head globular, with numerous fine granulations. Body granu- lated, pale green along the sides, whitish green along the dorsal region, and a subdorsal stripe on each side. Abdominal and thoracic feet green. Along each side are faint traces of oblique bands composed of granulations. Caudal horn black. Length, I4 mm, Moulted June 20. Stage II.-Head as in the previous stage, but with a yellow stripe on each side. Body with numerous yellow granulations and a yellow subdorsal stripe running from the head to the end of the third segment. The oblique lateral I896.] Beutenmiiller, Transformations of Hawk-moths. 293 bands are yellow and very distinct. Dorsal region paler green than the sides of the body. Caudal horn brownish on top, yellowish at sides and beneath. Length, i8 mm. Moulted June 23. Stage I V.-Similar to the last stage, but the caudal horn is much stouter and pale greenish with a pinkish tinge or is wholly green. The oblique lateral bands are yellow behind, whitish in the middle and pink in front. Head with a broad, bright yellow stripe on each side, and on the body is a short, yellow, subdorsal stripe on the anterior segments. Thoracic feet yellowish at base, claret red at tip. Body bright yellowish green, paler along the back. Length, 33 mm. Moulted June 29. Stage V.-Head smooth, with a broad yellow stripe on each side in front. Thoracic feet yellow and tipped with red. Body bright yellowish green, entirely smooth, the granulations being reduced to yellowish dots. On the sec- ond and third segments there are many white dots encircled with black. The oblique lateral bands are finely black in front, carmine red in the middle and white behind. The white on the last band reaches to the base of the caudal horn, which is green, with a broad black stripe on each side. When fully grown the larva becomes apple green, smooth and darker on the first, second and third segments. The oblique bands lose the black on the anterior part, and they are bright carmine red in front and clear white behind. The head is somewhat rugose, apple green, with the yellow stripe on each side pale green. The thoracic feet are pale yellow at base and cherry red at their tips. Anal and abdominal legs wholly green. Spiracles pale orange. In some individuals the carmine of the lateral bands is inclined to be purplish. Length, 6o mm. Fully fed July 9, ii and 13. Head, 5.5 mm. wide; 5.75 mm. high. Pupa.-Rather small, pitchy brown, rugosely punctured and wrinkled. Tongue-case very short, slightly curved or straight. Projection on last seg- ment rather long and stout at base, sharply pointed at tip with two very small spines. Length, 34 mm.; width, IO mm.; tongue-case, 3 mm.; anal projec- tion, 4 mm. The eggs were received from Mr. J. Doll. They were found on the leaves of willow (Salix discolor?), and it is possible that they will also feed on other species of willow. My larvae were raised on Lombardy poplar. Sphinx kalmia A. &r S. Egg.-Oval, smooth, pale semitranslucent whitish green. Laid June 22. Emerged June 28, I896. Length of young larva, I.5 mm. 294 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. VIII, Stage I.-Wholly pale whitish. Caudal horn black. As it grows older the body becomes greenish and there appear faint traces of a whitish subdorsal line on each side. Length, I 2 Mm. Stage 11.-Greener than in the last stage, with a fine white subdorsal stripe and fine white oblique lateral bands. Head and body finely granulated. Caudal born black, with short black bristles, like spines at the tip. Body along the back whitish green, somewhat darker green along the sides. Legs and feet wholly green. Length, iS mm. Moulted July 5 and 6. Stage 111.-The head is now bright apple green, with a yellow stripe on each side. The body is also bright apple green at the sides and beneath; along the dorsal region, pale whitish green. Caudal horn bluish, with short black spines. The oblique bands are now blue black in front, white in the middle and yellow behind. The granulations on the anterior segments are more numerous than on the sides. Length, 22-25 mm. Moulted July 7 and 8. Stage IV.-Head with a yellow or yellow and black stripe on each side. The body is now much smoother than in the preceding stage, and the oblique bands are sky blue in front, white in the middle and yellow behind, the yellow of the last band running to the base of the caudal horn, which is blue at the basal half on top, yellowish green beneath, and outer half jet black, with black spines. Thoracic feet black, white at their bases, with a narrow black ring. Abdominal and anal legs green. Anal plates with black granulations. Length, 36 mm. Moulted July I0, II, I2 and 13. Stage V.-Body now entirely smooth and without granulations, bright green, and much paler along the back than along the sides. Head rather small, with a broad jet black stripe on each side and a light yellowish green one before the black one. The oblique lateral bands are now broadly jet black, finely white along the middle and broadly canary yellow behind. Caudal horn blue, with jet black granulations. Spiracles pale orange. Thoracic feet black, with a bluish ring at their bases. Abdominal legs green inside, with a jet black band out- side at the base and at the extremities, and yellowish green between. Anal plates with black granulations; extremities black. Length, when fully grown, 65 mm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hawk Moths of North America Is Richly Illustrated with Larval Images and Contains an Abundance of Life History Information
    08 caterpillars EUSA/pp244-273 3/9/05 6:37 PM Page 244 244 TULIP-TREE MOTH CECROPIA MOTH 245 Callosamia angulifera Hyalophora cecropia RECOGNITION Frosted green with shiny yellow, orange, and blue knobs over top and sides of body. RECOGNITION Much like preceding but paler or Dorsal knobs on T2, T3, and A1 somewhat globular and waxier in color with pale stripe running below set with black spinules. Paired knobs on A2–A7 more spiracles on A1–A10 and black dots on abdomen cylindrical, yellow; knob over A8 unpaired and rounded. lacking contrasting pale rings. Yellow abdominal Larva to 10cm. Caterpillars of larch-feeding Columbia tubercle over A8 short, less than twice as high as broad. Silkmoth (Hyalophora columbia) have yellow-white to Larva to 6cm. Sweetbay Silkmoth (Callosamia securifera) yellow-pink instead of bright yellow knobs over dorsum similar in appearance but a specialist on sweet bay. Its of abdomen and knobs along sides tend to be more white than blue (as in Cecropia) and are yellow abdominal tubercle over A8 is nearly three times as set in black bases (see page 246). long as wide and the red knobs over thorax are cylindrical (see page 246). OCCURRENCE Urban and suburban yards and lots, orchards, fencerows, woodlands, OCCURRENCE Woodlands and forests from Michigan, southern Ontario, and and forests from Canada south to Florida and central Texas. One generation with mature Massachusetts to northern Florida and Mississippi. One principal generation northward; caterpillars from late June through August over most of range. two broods in South with mature caterpillars from early June onward.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada
    Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada Vol. 40(1) Summer 2021 The Newsletter of the BSC is published twice a year by the In this issue Biological Survey of Canada, an incorporated not-for-profit From the editor’s desk............2 group devoted to promoting biodiversity science in Canada. Membership..........................3 President’s report...................4 BSC Facebook & Twitter...........5 Reminder: 2021 AGM Contributing to the BSC The Annual General Meeting will be held on June 23, 2021 Newsletter............................5 Reminder: 2021 AGM..............6 Request for specimens: ........6 Feature Articles: Student Corner 1. City Nature Challenge Bioblitz Shawn Abraham: New Student 2021-The view from 53.5 °N, Liaison for the BSC..........................7 by Greg Pohl......................14 Mayflies (mainlyHexagenia sp., Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae): an 2. Arthropod Survey at Fort Ellice, MB important food source for adult by Robert E. Wrigley & colleagues walleye in NW Ontario lakes, by A. ................................................18 Ricker-Held & D.Beresford................8 Project Updates New book on Staphylinids published Student Corner by J. Klimaszewski & colleagues......11 New Student Liaison: Assessment of Chironomidae (Dip- Shawn Abraham .............................7 tera) of Far Northern Ontario by A. Namayandeh & D. Beresford.......11 Mayflies (mainlyHexagenia sp., Ephemerop- New Project tera: Ephemeridae): an important food source Help GloWorm document the distribu- for adult walleye in NW Ontario lakes, tion & status of native earthworms in by A. Ricker-Held & D.Beresford................8 Canada, by H.Proctor & colleagues...12 Feature Articles 1. City Nature Challenge Bioblitz Tales from the Field: Take me to the River, by Todd Lawton ............................26 2021-The view from 53.5 °N, by Greg Pohl..............................14 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
    INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and Ecological Potential of Plum Island, New York
    Biodiversity and ecological potential of Plum Island, New York New York Natural Heritage Program i New York Natural Heritage Program The New York Natural Heritage Program The NY Natural Heritage Program is a partnership NY Natural Heritage has developed two notable between the NYS Department of Environmental online resources: Conservation Guides include the Conservation (NYS DEC) and The Nature Conservancy. biology, identification, habitat, and management of many Our mission is to facilitate conservation of rare animals, of New York’s rare species and natural community rare plants, and significant ecosystems. We accomplish this types; and NY Nature Explorer lists species and mission by combining thorough field inventories, scientific communities in a specified area of interest. analyses, expert interpretation, and the most comprehensive NY Natural Heritage also houses iMapInvasives, an database on New York's distinctive biodiversity to deliver online tool for invasive species reporting and data the highest quality information for natural resource management. planning, protection, and management. In 1990, NY Natural Heritage published Ecological NY Natural Heritage was established in 1985 and is a Communities of New York State, an all inclusive contract unit housed within NYS DEC’s Division of classification of natural and human-influenced Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources. The program is communities. From 40,000-acre beech-maple mesic staffed by more than 25 scientists and specialists with forests to 40-acre maritime beech forests, sea-level salt expertise in ecology, zoology, botany, information marshes to alpine meadows, our classification quickly management, and geographic information systems. became the primary source for natural community NY Natural Heritage maintains New York’s most classification in New York and a fundamental reference comprehensive database on the status and location of for natural community classifications in the northeastern rare species and natural communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Programs
    Volume 12, Number 4 November 2011 G’num* The newsletter of the Washington Butterfly Association P.O. Box 31317 Seattle WA 98103 www.naba.org/chapters/nabaws *G’num is the official greeting of WBA. It is derived from the name of common Washington butterfly food plants, of the genus Eriogonum. Recent Programs For our September program, Sarah Moore, Life Sciences Manager at the Pacific Science Center, described the world behind the scenes at the Tropical Butterfly House. She shared information such as how the pupae are raised on butterfly farms and cared for once they arrive here. She also related stories about the different ways in which people connect with the exhibit. It’s a great place for photographers, families, and anyone interested in learning about butterflies — or perhaps simply enjoying their beauty in a tropical environment on a gray Seattle day! Butterfly ID at the Tropical Butterfly House Colubra dirce Terry Pagos In October, David Droppers shared his knowledge of Sphinx Moths. There are 19 confirmed species in Washington, distributed amongst 4 subfamilies. Sphinx Moths have very elongate forewings which allow them to hover. The adults are commonly called hawkmoths and the larvae are known as hornworms for the horn-like projections that are prominent on some species. The two most likely to be seen in Seattle are the One-eyed (Smerinthus cerisyi) and Blinded Sphinx (Paonias excaecata) Moths. David took the photos below at the 2007 WBA conference in Leavenworth. Small-eyed Sphinx (Paonias myops) - 1 - Wild Cherry Sphinx (Sphinx drupiferarum) Upcoming Programs WBA meetings are held the first Wednesday of each month at the UW Center for Urban Horticulture (3501 NE 41st Street, Seattle) and begin at 7:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts and Options for Biodiversity-Oriented Land Managers
    GYPSY MOTH (LYMANTRIA DISPAR): IMPACTS AND OPTIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY-ORIENTED LAND MANAGERS May 2004 NatureServe is a non-profit organization providing the scientific knowledge that forms the basis for effective conservation action. A NatureServe Technical Report Citation: Schweitzer, Dale F. 2004. Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar): Impacts and Options for Biodiversity- Oriented Land Managers. 59 pages. NatureServe: Arlington, Virginia. © 2004 NatureServe NatureServe 1101 Wilson Blvd., 15th Floor Arlington, VA 22209 www.natureserve.org Author’s Contact Information: Dr. Dale Schweitzer Terrestrial Invertebrate Zoologist NatureServe 1761 Main Street Port Norris, NJ 08349 856-785-2470 Email: [email protected] NatureServe Gypsy Moth: Impacts and Options for Biodiversity-Oriented Land Managers 2 Acknowledgments Richard Reardon (United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV), Kevin Thorpe (Agricultural Research Service, Insect Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD) and William Carothers (Forest Service Forest Protection, Asheville, NC) for technical review. Sandra Fosbroke (Forest Service Information Management Group, Morgantown, WV) provided many helpful editorial comments. The author also wishes to commend the Forest Service for funding so much important research and technology development into the impacts of gypsy moth and its control on non-target organisms and for encouraging development of more benign control technologies like Gypchek. Many, but by no means all, Forest Service-funded studies are cited in this document, including Peacock et al. (1998), Wagner et al. (1996), and many of the studies cited from Linda Butler and Ann Hajek. Many other studies in the late 1980s and 1990s had USDA Forest Service funding from the Appalachian Gypsy Moth Integrated Pest Management Project (AIPM).
    [Show full text]
  • Are Pollinating Hawk Moths Declining in the Northeastern United States? an Analysis of Collection Records
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Are pollinating hawk moths declining in the Northeastern United States? An analysis of collection records Bruce E. Young1*, Stephanie Auer1☯, Margaret Ormes1☯, Giovanni Rapacciuolo1,2☯, Dale Schweitzer1,3☯, Nicole Sears1☯ 1 NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America, 2 Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America, 3 Port Norris, New Jersey, United States of America a1111111111 a1111111111 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Increasing attention to pollinators and their role in providing ecosystem services has revealed a paucity of studies on long-term population trends of most insect pollinators in OPEN ACCESS many parts of the world. Because targeted monitoring programs are resource intensive and Citation: Young BE, Auer S, Ormes M, Rapacciuolo G, Schweitzer D, Sears N (2017) Are pollinating unlikely to be performed on most insect pollinators, we took advantage of existing collection hawk moths declining in the Northeastern United records to examine long-term trends in northeastern United States populations of 26 spe- States? An analysis of collection records. PLoS cies of hawk moths (family Sphingidae) that are presumed to be pollinators. We compiled ONE 12(10): e0185683. https://doi.org/10.1371/ over 6,600 records from nine museum and 14 private collections that spanned a 112-year journal.pone.0185683 period, and used logistic generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to examine long-term Editor: Maohua Chen, Northwest A&F University, population trends. We controlled for uneven sampling effort by adding a covariate for list CHINA length, the number of species recorded during each sampling event.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Native and Non-Native Plants on Urban Insect Communities: Are Native Plants Better Than Non-Natives?
    Impacts of Native and Non-native plants on Urban Insect Communities: Are Native Plants Better than Non-natives? by Carl Scott Clem A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama December 12, 2015 Key Words: native plants, non-native plants, caterpillars, natural enemies, associational interactions, congeneric plants Copyright 2015 by Carl Scott Clem Approved by David Held, Chair, Associate Professor: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Charles Ray, Research Fellow: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Debbie Folkerts, Assistant Professor: Department of Biological Sciences Robert Boyd, Professor: Department of Biological Sciences Abstract With continued suburban expansion in the southeastern United States, it is increasingly important to understand urbanization and its impacts on sustainability and natural ecosystems. Expansion of suburbia is often coupled with replacement of native plants by alien ornamental plants such as crepe myrtle, Bradford pear, and Japanese maple. Two projects were conducted for this thesis. The purpose of the first project (Chapter 2) was to conduct an analysis of existing larval Lepidoptera and Symphyta hostplant records in the southeastern United States, comparing their species richness on common native and alien woody plants. We found that, in most cases, native plants support more species of eruciform larvae compared to aliens. Alien congener plant species (those in the same genus as native species) supported more species of larvae than alien, non-congeners. Most of the larvae that feed on alien plants are generalist species. However, most of the specialist species feeding on alien plants use congeners of native plants, providing evidence of a spillover, or false spillover, effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Barrier Beaches: Specialized Habitat for Rare Moths
    Barrier Beach Moths - Their Role in Conservation Mark Mello, Director Emeritus Lloyd Center for the Environment WHY ? Why moths Why me Why dunes Why Moths? • Make up 90% of the 4th largest order (Lepidoptera) of insects • Major prey for neotropical migrant birds • Major pollinators • 37 species of moths listed as rare in the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act • Aesthetics Why Me ? IMPORTANCE OF MOTHS • Enacted in 1992, MA Endangered Species Act (MESA) regulates: • take • Protection of habitat • on private property FACTORS DETERMINING RARITY • Native to and Breeding in Massachusetts • Occurs in limited or Unique habitats • Globally “Rare” Species • Evidence of decline • Habitat loss • On the Federal Endangered Species List Papaipema sulphurata Re-emergence of Survey Work • 1983 – Dale Schweitzer proposed list • 1992 – MA Endangered Species Act Promuglated (28 moths) • 2019 – Current List includes 37 moths 5 dropped off; 14 added • Changes due to intensive field work • 1986 (10% my time to 2019 (80% time) Who’s on the MESA List BARRENS/HEATHLANDS WETLANDS SANDPLAIN GRASSLANDS BARRIER DUNES OTHER Coastal Heathlands Cutworm Drunk Apamea The Pink Streak Coastal Heathlands Cutworm NJ Tea Inchworm Barrens Daggermoth Pale Green Pinion Unexpected Cycnia Dune Noctuid Twilight Moth Gerhard’s Underwing Coastal Swamp Metarranthis Phyllira Tiger Moth The Pink Streak Orange Sallow Melsheimer’s Sack Bearer Pitcher Plant Borer Northern Brocade Chain-dot Geometer Ostrich Fern Borer Imperial Moth Chain Fern Borer Sandplain Euchlaena Water-willow Borer
    [Show full text]
  • Host Plants of Butterflies and Showy Moths Source: Bringing Nature Home by Douglas W
    Host Plants of Butterflies and Showy Moths Source: Bringing Nature Home by Douglas W. Tallamy, Appendix 2 Butterflies Blues (Lycaenidae) Eastern tailed blue (Everes comyntas ) Spring azure (Celastrina ladon ) Brush-footed Butterflies (Nymphalidae) American lady (Vanessa virginiensis ) Appalacian brown (Satyrodes appalachia ) Common buckeye (Junonia coenia ) Common wood nymph (Cercyonis pegala ) Eastern comma (Polygonia comma ) Great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele ) Hackberry butterfly (Asterocampa celtis ) Little wood satyr (Megisto cymela ) Meadow fritillary (Boloria bellona ) Monarch (Danaus plexippus ) Mourning cloak (Nymphalis antiopa ) Painted lady (Vanessa cardui ) Pearl crescent (Phyciodes tharos ) Question mark (Polygonia interrogationis ) Red-spotted purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax ) Snout butterfly (Libytheana carinenta ) Tawny emperor (Asterocampa clyton ) Variegated fritillary (Euptoieta claudia ) Viceroy (Limenitis archippus ) Coppers (Lycaenidae) American copper (Lycaena phlaeas ) Elfins (Lycaenidae) Brown elfin (Callophrys augustus ) Henry's elfin (Callophrys henrici ) Pine elfin (Callophrys niphon ) Hairstreaks (Lycaenidae) Banded hairstreak (Satyrium calanus ) Coral hairstreak (Harkencienus titus ) Gray hairstreak (Strymon melinus ) Hickory hairstreak (Satyrium caryaevorum ) Olive hairstreak (Mitoura gruneus ) Red-banded hairstreak (Calycopis cecrops ) Striped hairstreak (Satyrium liparops ) White M hairstreak (Parrhasius m-album ) Harvesters (Lycaenidae) Harvester (Feniseca tarquinius ) Skippers (Hesperiidae)
    [Show full text]
  • Food Plants of Some Adult Sphinx Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 3 Number 1 -- Spring 1970 Number 1 -- Spring Article 2 1970 July 2017 Food Plants of Some Adult Sphinx Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Richard C. Fleming Olivet College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Fleming, Richard C. 2017. "Food Plants of Some Adult Sphinx Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 3 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol3/iss1/2 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Fleming: Food Plants of Some Adult Sphinx Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) 1970 THE MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGIST 17 FOOD PLANTS OF SOME ADULT SPHINX MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA : SPHINGIDAE] Richard C. Fleming Depart~nentof Biology. Olivet College Olivet, Michigan 49076 While food plants of many species of sphinx moth larvae are well known, food plants of the adults are not. Many observations of the feeding habits of adult sphinx moths undoubtedly have been made, but much of the information is probably resting in the field notebooks and memories of the observers. To my knowledge no summary of known feeding information has been presented previously for American Sphingidae. A rather thorough list of food plants for adult European sphinx moths has been published by Wahlgren (1941). This list also includes other moth families as well and it can be a useful reference for many workers.
    [Show full text]
  • Moth Decline in the Northeastern United States David L
    _______________________________________________________________________________________News of the Lepidopterists’ Society Volume 54, Number 2 Conservation Matters: Contributions from the Conservation Committee Moth decline in the Northeastern United States David L. Wagner Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268 [email protected] The matter of moth decline in the Northeast and south- ern Canada, particularly of larger moths, has been of con- cern for a half century (Muller 1968-1979, Hessel 1976, Schweitzer 1988, Goldstein 2010). Below I offer an assess- ment, based on my 23 years in New England. Mine is a prospective piece meant to raise the issue of moth decline to a larger audience—it is a call for study, a research agen- da—offered in the absence of the quantitative data needed to make rigorous species-by-species status assessments. As a caveat to what I outline below, I should add that local, regional, and continental biota changes are the norm and that all animal and plant distributions change through time. Ranges and abundances may, in fact, be inherently much more dynamic than is generally understood. At issue here, is not change, but the rate and nature of changes. Hickory horned devil (Citheronia regalis). Members of the genus Lepidoptera and other herbivores are under considerable Citheronia were among the first moths to disappear from New evolutionary pressures from below and above, fated to be England. The last C. regalis record for the region was Syd in never-ending battles with their hostplants (the bottom- Hessels’s 1956 collection from Washington, CT (Ferguson, 1971). up forces) and natural enemies (the top-down forces).
    [Show full text]