Article XIX.-TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOME NORTH AMERICAN HAWK-MOTHS. By WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER. The following notes on transformation of some Sphingidle were made during the past sumhier, and nearly all the eggs were received through the kindness of Mr. Jacob Doll. Sphinx drupiferarum A. & S. Egg.-Oval, longer than broad, pale whitish green, smooth. Length, I.5 mm.; width, I.25 mm.; height, I mm. Laid June ii emerged June i6. Length of young larva, 2 mm. Stage I.-Head globular, smooth. Wholly pale whitish with a faint trace of a greenish tinge and no traces of the characteristic oblique bands on each side. Caudal horn rather long, black. Under the lens the larva is regularly trans- versely wrinkled, and as it grows older, faint traces of a whitish subdorsal stripe appears. Length, 8 mm.; caudal horn, 2 mm. Moulted June 22. Stage II.-Head finely granulated. Body pale green along the sides and whitish along the dorsal region. Along each side is a fine whitish subdorsal line and oblique stripes along the sides. Caudal horn reddish. Legs green, with black tips ; thoracic feet pinkish. The subdorsal line, as the larva grows older, becomes broken and is quite indistinct. Length, i8 mm. Moulted June 27. Stage I11.-The body is now apple green, the caudal horn redder, and the oblique stripes more distinct-whitish in the middle, greenish at each end and carmine red in front. Body and head rather strongly granulated. In some individuals the red on the oblique stripe is absent. Length, 30 mm. Moulted July 2. Stage IV.-Body green, granulated, with the oblique stripes on each side pure white, with violet in front. Thoracic feet pink, ye'low at their bases. Length, 43 mm. Moulted July 6. Stage V.-Head large, rugose, green, with a broad russian leather red stripe on each side. Body smooth, without granulations, pale pea green, darker at the extreme sides and beneath the oblique stripes are broad, bright violet- [29I1 292 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. VIII, purple in front and narrowly white behind. Caudal horn russian leather red. Thoracic feet russian leather red, with their basal halves yellow. Spiracles pale orange. Abdominal legs green, extremities black and preceded by a nar- row yellow ring. Mouth parts black. Length, 80-85 mm. Fully grown, July 14-17. Formed pupae July i8 and 2I. Pupa.-Rather large and stout, pitchy brown, segments rugosely punctured, junctions of segments dull, exceedingly finely and regularly wrinkled. Thorax and head rugose, wing-cases slightly rugose. Tongue-case closely applied to to the chest. Length, 50-52 mm.; width, I3 mm.; tongue-case, IO mm. The eggs were received from Mr. J. Doll, who found them on Long Island on wild cherry (Prunus serotina). The young larvae, however, woluld not eat the leaves of this tree, and they all died. Another lot of eggs were sent me by Mr. Doll, and they were fed and raised to maturity on a species of cultivated Japanese cherry, on which they thrived very well. Mr. I)oll informs me that he was likewise unable to raise his larvae of dirupiferarum on Prunus serotina. They also feed on beach plum (Prunus maritima), cul- tivated plum and cherry, and are said to also feed on hackberry (Celtis occidentalis). I have found the eggs on Prunus pennsyl- vanicus. My larvae also refused to eat the leaves of cultivated apple. Sphinx lucitiosa Clem. Egg.-Globular, smooth, shining, pale green, slightly longer than broad. Length, I.25 mm.; width, i mm.; height, i mm. Laid June 4; emerged June 9. Length of young larva, I. 5 mm. Stage I.-Wholly pale yellowish white, without any marking whatever. Caudal horn black. As the larva grows older it is regularly covered with trans- verse rows of minute white dots, and on each side is a very narrow white sub- dorsal stripe. Length, 7 mm. Moulted June I5. Stage 11.-Head globular, with numerous fine granulations. Body granu- lated, pale green along the sides, whitish green along the dorsal region, and a subdorsal stripe on each side. Abdominal and thoracic feet green. Along each side are faint traces of oblique bands composed of granulations. Caudal horn black. Length, I4 mm, Moulted June 20. Stage II.-Head as in the previous stage, but with a yellow stripe on each side. Body with numerous yellow granulations and a yellow subdorsal stripe running from the head to the end of the third segment. The oblique lateral I896.] Beutenmiiller, Transformations of Hawk-moths. 293 bands are yellow and very distinct. Dorsal region paler green than the sides of the body. Caudal horn brownish on top, yellowish at sides and beneath. Length, i8 mm. Moulted June 23. Stage I V.-Similar to the last stage, but the caudal horn is much stouter and pale greenish with a pinkish tinge or is wholly green. The oblique lateral bands are yellow behind, whitish in the middle and pink in front. Head with a broad, bright yellow stripe on each side, and on the body is a short, yellow, subdorsal stripe on the anterior segments. Thoracic feet yellowish at base, claret red at tip. Body bright yellowish green, paler along the back. Length, 33 mm. Moulted June 29. Stage V.-Head smooth, with a broad yellow stripe on each side in front. Thoracic feet yellow and tipped with red. Body bright yellowish green, entirely smooth, the granulations being reduced to yellowish dots. On the sec- ond and third segments there are many white dots encircled with black. The oblique lateral bands are finely black in front, carmine red in the middle and white behind. The white on the last band reaches to the base of the caudal horn, which is green, with a broad black stripe on each side. When fully grown the larva becomes apple green, smooth and darker on the first, second and third segments. The oblique bands lose the black on the anterior part, and they are bright carmine red in front and clear white behind. The head is somewhat rugose, apple green, with the yellow stripe on each side pale green. The thoracic feet are pale yellow at base and cherry red at their tips. Anal and abdominal legs wholly green. Spiracles pale orange. In some individuals the carmine of the lateral bands is inclined to be purplish. Length, 6o mm. Fully fed July 9, ii and 13. Head, 5.5 mm. wide; 5.75 mm. high. Pupa.-Rather small, pitchy brown, rugosely punctured and wrinkled. Tongue-case very short, slightly curved or straight. Projection on last seg- ment rather long and stout at base, sharply pointed at tip with two very small spines. Length, 34 mm.; width, IO mm.; tongue-case, 3 mm.; anal projec- tion, 4 mm. The eggs were received from Mr. J. Doll. They were found on the leaves of willow (Salix discolor?), and it is possible that they will also feed on other species of willow. My larvae were raised on Lombardy poplar. Sphinx kalmia A. &r S. Egg.-Oval, smooth, pale semitranslucent whitish green. Laid June 22. Emerged June 28, I896. Length of young larva, I.5 mm. 294 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. VIII, Stage I.-Wholly pale whitish. Caudal horn black. As it grows older the body becomes greenish and there appear faint traces of a whitish subdorsal line on each side. Length, I 2 Mm. Stage 11.-Greener than in the last stage, with a fine white subdorsal stripe and fine white oblique lateral bands. Head and body finely granulated. Caudal born black, with short black bristles, like spines at the tip. Body along the back whitish green, somewhat darker green along the sides. Legs and feet wholly green. Length, iS mm. Moulted July 5 and 6. Stage 111.-The head is now bright apple green, with a yellow stripe on each side. The body is also bright apple green at the sides and beneath; along the dorsal region, pale whitish green. Caudal horn bluish, with short black spines. The oblique bands are now blue black in front, white in the middle and yellow behind. The granulations on the anterior segments are more numerous than on the sides. Length, 22-25 mm. Moulted July 7 and 8. Stage IV.-Head with a yellow or yellow and black stripe on each side. The body is now much smoother than in the preceding stage, and the oblique bands are sky blue in front, white in the middle and yellow behind, the yellow of the last band running to the base of the caudal horn, which is blue at the basal half on top, yellowish green beneath, and outer half jet black, with black spines. Thoracic feet black, white at their bases, with a narrow black ring. Abdominal and anal legs green. Anal plates with black granulations. Length, 36 mm. Moulted July I0, II, I2 and 13. Stage V.-Body now entirely smooth and without granulations, bright green, and much paler along the back than along the sides. Head rather small, with a broad jet black stripe on each side and a light yellowish green one before the black one. The oblique lateral bands are now broadly jet black, finely white along the middle and broadly canary yellow behind. Caudal horn blue, with jet black granulations. Spiracles pale orange. Thoracic feet black, with a bluish ring at their bases. Abdominal legs green inside, with a jet black band out- side at the base and at the extremities, and yellowish green between. Anal plates with black granulations; extremities black. Length, when fully grown, 65 mm.