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Accidental Prime Minister
THE ACCIDENTAL PRIME MINISTER THE ACCIDENTAL PRIME MINISTER THE MAKING AND UNMAKING OF MANMOHAN SINGH SANJAYA BARU VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110 017, India Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 707 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3008, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Group (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, Block D, Rosebank Offi ce Park, 181 Jan Smuts Avenue, Parktown North, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offi ces: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First published in Viking by Penguin Books India 2014 Copyright © Sanjaya Baru 2014 All rights reserved 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The views and opinions expressed in this book are the author’s own and the facts are as reported by him which have been verifi ed to the extent possible, and the publishers are not in any way liable for the same. ISBN 9780670086740 Typeset in Bembo by R. Ajith Kumar, New Delhi Printed at Thomson Press India Ltd, New Delhi This book is sold subject to the condition that -
Evidence from India's Maoist Rebellion
Descriptive Representation and Conflict Reduction: Evidence from India’s Maoist Rebellion* Aidan Milliff † & Drew Stommes ‡ April 19, 2021 Abstract Can greater inclusion in democracy for historicallydisadvantaged groups reduce rebel vio lence? Democracybuilding is a common tool in counterinsurgencies and postconflict states, yet existing scholarship has faced obstacles in measuring the independent effect of democratic reforms. We evaluate whether quotas for Scheduled Tribes in local councils reduced rebel vi olence in Chhattisgarh, an Indian state featuring highintensity Maoist insurgent activity. We employ a geographic regression discontinuity design to study the effects of identical quotas implemented in Chhattisgarh, finding that reservations reduced Maoist violence in the state. Exploratory analyses of mechanisms suggest that reservations reduced violence by bringing lo cal elected officials closer to state security forces, providing a windfall of valuable information to counterinsurgents. Our study shows that institutional engineering and inclusive representa tive democracy, in particular, can shape the trajectory of insurgent violence. Word Count: 9,086 (incl. references) *We are grateful to Peter Aronow, Erica Chenoweth, Fotini Christia, Andrew Halterman, Elizabeth Nugent, Rohini Pande, Roger Petersen, Fredrik Sävje, Steven Wilkinson, and Elisabeth Wood for insightful comments on previous drafts of this article. We also thank audiences at the HarvardMITTuftsYale Political Violence Conference (2020), MIT Security Studies -
Finland Bilateral Relations Finland and India Have Traditionally Enjoyed
March 2021 Ministry of External Affairs **** India – Finland Bilateral Relations Finland and India have traditionally enjoyed warm and friendly relations. In recent years, bilateral relations have acquired diversity with collaboration in research, innovation, and investments by both sides. The Indian community in Finland is vibrant and well-placed. Indian culture and yoga are very popular in Finland. 2019 marked 70 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries. High-level visits - Prime Ministers • Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Finland in 1957 • Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi in 1983. • Prime Minister Pt. Manmohan Singh in 2006. • Mr. Vieno Johannes Sukselainen in 1960 - First Prime Minister of Finland • Prime Minister Mr. Kalevi Sorsa in 1984. • Prime Minister Mr. Matti Vanhanen visited India in March 2006, February 2008 and February 2010 (last two occasions to attend Delhi Sustainable Development Summit). • Prime Minister Mr. Juha Sipilä: Feb 2016 (for Make in India week) Presidential Visits • President of Finland Mr. Urho Kekkonen in 1965 • President Mr. Mauno Koivisto in 1987 • President Mr. Martti Ahtisaari in 1996. • President Mrs. Tarja Halonen in January 2007, February 2009 and February 2012 to attend the Delhi Sustainable Development Summit. • President Shri V.V. Giri in 1971 • President Shri R. Venkataraman in 1988. • President Shri Pranab Mukherjee: October 2014 President Shri Pranab Mukherjee, paid a State Visit to Finland on 14-16 October 2014 accompanied by Minister of State for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, four Members of Parliament, Officials, academicians and a business delegation. Agreements for cooperation in New and Renewable Energy, Biotechnology, Civil Nuclear Research, Meteorology, Healthcare and Education were signed during the visit. -
India: the Weakening of the Congress Stranglehold and the Productivity Shift in India
ASARC Working Paper 2009/06 India: The Weakening of the Congress Stranglehold and the Productivity Shift in India Desh Gupta, University of Canberra Abstract This paper explains the complex of factors in the weakening of the Congress Party from the height of its power at the centre in 1984. They are connected with the rise of state and regional-based parties, the greater acceptability of BJP as an alternative in some of the states and at the Centre, and as a partner to some of the state-based parties, which are in competition with Congress. In addition, it demonstrates that even as the dominance of Congress has diminished, there have been substantial improvements in the economic performance and primary education enrolment. It is argued that V.P. Singh played an important role both in the diminishing of the Congress Party and in India’s improved economic performance. Competition between BJP and Congress has led to increased focus on improved governance. Congress improved its position in the 2009 Parliamentary elections and the reasons for this are briefly covered. But this does not guarantee an improved performance in the future. Whatever the outcomes of the future elections, India’s reforms are likely to continue and India’s economic future remains bright. Increased political contestability has increased focus on governance by Congress, BJP and even state-based and regional parties. This should ensure improved economic and outcomes and implementation of policies. JEL Classifications: O5, N4, M2, H6 Keywords: Indian Elections, Congress Party's Performance, Governance, Nutrition, Economic Efficiency, Productivity, Economic Reforms, Fiscal Consolidation Contact: [email protected] 1. -
H.E. Mrs. Sushma Swaraj, Minister of External Affairs, India H.E. Dr. Manmohan Singh, Former Prime Minister of India Distinguish
Address by H.E. Mr. Kenji Hiramatsu, Ambassador of Japan to India, at the Reception to commemorate the Imperial Succession in Japan, on 1 May 2019 H.E. Mrs. Sushma Swaraj, Minister of External Affairs, India H.E. Dr. Manmohan Singh, Former Prime Minister of India Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, (Opening) Yesterday, on 30th April, His Majesty the Emperor Akihito abdicated from the Throne after his reign of 30 years, marking the end of the Heisei era. Today, His Majesty the Emperor Naruhito acceded to the Throne. A new era titled “Reiwa” began under the new Emperor. This historic succession to the Imperial Throne from a living Emperor is the first such instance taking place in approximately 200 years. Japan is now overwhelmed with gratitude for Their Majesties the Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko, who have always wished for the happiness of the 1 Japanese people and peace in the world. At the same time, the Japanese people are brimming with the joy of stepping into a new era under Their Majesties the Emperor Naruhito and Empress Masako. I am honoured to host this reception tonight to celebrate this momentous day for Japan with our friends who have been contributing enormously towards strengthening the Japan-India relationship in various areas. I am delighted that you are joining us this evening. (Japan-India relationship in Heisei) During the Heisei era, the Japan-India relationship has deepened and expanded to an unprecedented scale. An enduring symbol of this strong bilateral relationship is Their Majesties’ visit to India in 2013. -
10 Prime Ministers of India - Captivating GK Questions for Class 3
10 Prime Ministers of India - Captivating GK Questions For Class 3 Answer the following GK Questions on 10 Prime Ministers of India: Q1. Name the first Prime Minister of India who served office (15 August 1947 - 27 May 1964) until his death. a) Gulzarilal Nanda b) Jawaharlal Nehru c) Rajendra Prasad d) Lal Bahadur Shastri Q2. _____________________ is the current Prime Minister of India (26 May 2014 – present). a) Narendra Modi b) Atal Bihari Vajpayee c) Manmohan Singh d) Ram Nath Kovind Q3. Who was the Prime Minister of India (9 June 1964 - 11 January 1966) until his death? a) Gulzarilal Nanda b) Charan Singh c) Lal Bahadur Shastri d) Morarji Desai Q4. Who served as Prime Minister of India from 24 January 1966 - 24 March 1977? a) Jawaharlal Nehru b) Gulzarilal Nanda c) Gopinath Bordoloi d) Indira Gandhi Q5. Name the Prime Minister of India who served office from 28 July 1979 - 14 January 1980. a) Jyoti Basu b) Morarji Desai c) Charan Singh d) V. V. Giri Q6. _______________________ served as the Prime Minister of India (21 April 1997 - 19 March 1998). a) Inder Kumar Gujral b) Charan Singh c) H. D. Deve Gowda d) Morarji Desai Q7. Name the Prime Minister of India who served office from 21 June 1991 - 16 May 1996. a) H. D. Deve Gowda b) P. V. Narasimha Rao c) Atal Bihari Vajpayee d) Chandra Shekhar Q8. ____________________________ was the Prime Minister of India (31 October 1984 - 2 December 1989). a) Chandra Shekhar b) Indira Gandhi c) Rajiv Gandhi d) P. V. Narasimha Rao Q9. -
Indian National Congress Sessions
Indian National Congress Sessions INC sessions led the course of many national movements as well as reforms in India. Consequently, the resolutions passed in the INC sessions reflected in the political reforms brought about by the British government in India. Although the INC went through a major split in 1907, its leaders reconciled on their differences soon after to give shape to the emerging face of Independent India. Here is a list of all the Indian National Congress sessions along with important facts about them. This list will help you prepare better for SBI PO, SBI Clerk, IBPS Clerk, IBPS PO, etc. Indian National Congress Sessions During the British rule in India, the Indian National Congress (INC) became a shiny ray of hope for Indians. It instantly overshadowed all the other political associations established prior to it with its very first meeting. Gradually, Indians from all walks of life joined the INC, therefore making it the biggest political organization of its time. Most exam Boards consider the Indian National Congress Sessions extremely noteworthy. This is mainly because these sessions played a great role in laying down the foundational stone of Indian polity. Given below is the list of Indian National Congress Sessions in chronological order. Apart from the locations of various sessions, make sure you also note important facts pertaining to them. Indian National Congress Sessions Post Liberalization Era (1990-2018) Session Place Date President 1 | P a g e 84th AICC Plenary New Delhi Mar. 18-18, Shri Rahul Session 2018 Gandhi Chintan Shivir Jaipur Jan. 18-19, Smt. -
Manmohan Singh 1
Manmohan Singh 1 As finance minister in Narasimha Rao's government of the '90s, Manmohan Singh helmed reforms that liberalized India's economy, changing it in a fundamental way. Singh discusses India's history of industrial policy and economic reform, the impact of globalization, and the role of government in the Indian economy. India's Central Planning: Nehru's Vision and the Reality INTERVIEWER: Nehru wrote that socialism has science and logic on its side. What did he mean by that? MANMOHAN SINGH: Nehru was a rational thinker, and he wanted to apply science and technologies to solve the living problems of our time. In India, the foremost problem was India's economic [and] social backwardness [and] the great mass poverty that prevailed at the time of independence. Nehru's vision was to get rid of that chronic poverty, ignorance, and disease, making use of modern science and technology. INTERVIEWER: The central aim was to modernize, industrializing in one generation. Was that a crazy idea or a good idea? MANMOHAN SINGH: Elsewhere in the world, there are instances [of this happening]. The Soviet Union industrialized itself with a single generation. The industrial revolution in England you can break down into phases. A lot of structural changes took place in one generation, which later on became irreversible. That was Nehru's vision. His vision was to industrialize India, to urbanize India, and in the process he hoped that we would create a new society—more rational, more humane, less ridden by caste and religious sentiments. That was the grand vision that Nehru had. -
Special Economic Zones in India – an Introduction
ASIEN 106 (Januar 2008), S. 60-80 Special Economic Zones in India – An Introduction Jona Aravind Dohrmann Summary This introductory article describes the salient features of the Indian embodiment of the model Chinese SEZ, how it evolved and what the various steps are in making an Indian SEZ function: from submitting an application and receiving a Letter of Approval for the establishment of an SEZ to getting the authorised operations and particular units sanctioned. The SEZs are tax-free enclaves for investors from India and abroad. As the Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh, said: “SEZs are here to stay”. The Indian government and the state governments are now finding that it is not enough to promulgate modern laws luring foreign direct investment into India, but that they also have to provide for the concerns and the livelihoods of those affected by the establishment of SEZs. “The current promotion of SEZs is unjust and would act as a trigger for massive social unrest, which may even take the form of armed struggle.” Vishwanath Pratap Singh, former Prime of India, in: Frontline, 20 October 2006 1 Introduction Lately, India, or at least its economic growth, seems to be on everybody’s agenda the world over. Its economic development particularly fires the imagination of In- dian and foreign investors. This has led to books being published with titles like “Global Power India” or slogans like “China was yesterday, India is today”. Many institutions such as the Indo-German Chamber of Commerce or various consulting companies in Germany sing the Indian tune and recommend doing business in the subcontinent. -
DR. MANMOHAN SINGH): Madam, Speaker, I Returned Earlier Today from Visits to France and Egypt
> Title : Statement regarding Prime Minister's recent visits to Italy, France and Egypt. THE PRIME MINISTER (DR. MANMOHAN SINGH): Madam, Speaker, I returned earlier today from visits to France and Egypt. Before that I had visited Italy for the G-8/G-5 Summit meetings. Meetings of the G-8 and G-5 countries have become an annual feature. The agenda for this year's meetings was wide ranging, but the main focus was on the on-going global economic and financial slowdown. The developing countries have been the most affected by the global financial and economic crisis. I stressed the importance of a concerted and well-coordinated global response to address systemic failures and to stimulate the real economy. There is need to maintain adequate flow of finance to the developing countries and to keep markets open by resisting protectionist pressures. As a responsible member of the international community, I conveyed to the G-8 and G-5 countries that we recognize our obligation to preserve and protect our environment but climate change cannot be addressed by perpetuating the poverty of the developing countries. I presented India's Action Plan on Climate Change and the eight National Missions which we have set up in this regard. We are willing to do more provided there are credible arrangements to provide both additional financial support as well as technological transfers from developed to developing countries. India's participation as guest of honour at the French National Day was an honour and a matter of pride for us all. I wish to share with the hon. -
Letter from the Chairperson
2 UNDP HDR 2000 TO FOCUS ON RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT 3 UNDP WORKSHOP AT JAKARTA 4 FIRST WOMAN PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL OF THE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION 6 TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD 7 HANDBOOK FOR LEGISLATORS ON HIV/AIDS, LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS Letter from the Chairperson Dear Colleagues and Friends j ;..:-•-. II'UY/" W I Wish you all a very happy new year and the millennium. As I look back in retrospection, it has been a very satisfying year. But with greater achievements, it has also raised our hopes and aspirations. Since our last issue, there have been several events and that too at a rapid pace. First there was the global launch of the Culture for Peace by UNESCO at Paris, on the 14th September 1999, which I had the privilege to address as=*he President of the Council of the Inter Parliamentary Union (IPU). This was soon followed by the UNDP Workshop at Jakarta convened to frame the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament in a multi-party set up. October saw the 102nd Conference of the IPU at Berlin, which became memorable in more ways than one. It was for the first time that the IPU elected a woman as the President of its prestigious Council a responsibility that was bestowed upon me by way of unanimous choice HUMAN and acclamation. Also at the Berlin Conference, for the first time a meeting was convened to discuss the the 1999 UNDP Human Development Report, which was attended by a large DEVELOPMENT number of Members of Parliament from different regions and geo-political groups. -
(SAKA) National Commission for Minorities Bin a Scheme Chalked
89 Matters under Rule 377 VAISAKHA 21, 1914 (SAKA) National Commission 90 for Minorities BiN Rajdhani Express between Delhl-Trivandrum a scheme chalked out for the purpose. and Mangalore which will help a part of Kamataka also. MR. SPEAKER: The House now stands adjourned to meet again at 3.00 p.m. I urge upon t,tle Central Govemment to introduce Rajdhani Express between Delhi, 14.01 hrs Trivandrum and Mangalore to help the people of South particularly the people of Kerala. The Lok Sabha then adjourned for Lunch (Ix) Need to provide radial to the till Fifteen of the Clock people affected by earthquake In Tehrl Garhwal, U.P. [English] SHRI SAIFUDDIN CHOUDHURY The Lok Sabha re-assembled after Lunch (Katwa): Sir, I would like to raise the problems at (our minutes past Fifteen of the Clock faced by the victims of seven earthquake in TehriGarhwal, especially of BhilanganaGhati [MR. DEPUTY SPEAKER in the Chaiij and 60 villages around it. (English) People who became victims of this earthquake could not be traced for weeks MR. DEPUTY SPEAKER: The House together. Many of the injured could not get . shall now take up item no. 8 on the Agenda even first-aid. As a consequence of p3per. Shri Sitaram Kesri. earthquake, people of the areas are facing acute shortage of drinking-water not to speak NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR about the crops which have heavily suffered MINORITIES BILL because of no watering system. ( Translarion) A motorable road between Bhatwadi Bhilangana (Tehri) and Chameli inaugurated THE MINISTER OF WELFARE (SHRI in 1952 was totally destroyed.