❖❖hshgu, hshgu, YYNEWSIVOIVO hHuu† pui YIVO Institute for Jewish Research No. 196 / Summer 2003 Old Demons, New Debates YIVO’s 4-day Conference on Anti-Semitism Attracts International Scholars and Intellectuals

Some of the luminaries who gathered for YIVO’s Conference, “Old Demons, New Debates: Anti-Semitism in the West.” (L-R) Conference advisor and literary editor of ; Canadian Member of Parliament and lawyer Irwin Cotler; Iranian dissident author Azar Nafisi; Henry Louis Gates, Jr., chair of Harvard’s Afro-American and African Studies Department; Deborah E. Lipstadt, director of at Emory University; Die Zeit publisher and editor Josef Joffe; and French historian and philosopher Alain Finkielkraut.

s anti- a news anti-Zionism form of the aold new anti- form of sessions were simulcast to the against alarmism and noted that ISemitism? Is theI Vaticanthe old anti-Jewish? anti-Semitism? Who Is isthe overflow crowd in the adjacent American , descendents ideologically responsibleVatican foranti-Jewish? the thousands Who ofis Great Hall. of persecuted European Jews, anti-Semitic acts inideologically Europe over responsible the past two for the “It is outrageous that we are count themselves as “the years? These are athousands few of the ofquestions anti-Semitic that drewacts in still discussing this foul subject,” luckiest Jews who ever lived.” 36 top-level scholars,Europe writers, over public the past intellectuals two years? remarked Leon Wieseltier, litera- and Jewish leadersThese from area dozen a few countries of the questions to ry editor of The New Republic, YIVO for a four-daythat international drew 36 top-level conference scholars, on and one of the organizers of the [continued on page 8] anti-Semitism in thewriters, West. publicThe conference intellectuals was and conference. Yet, he cautioned sponsored by the DavidJewish Berg leaders Foundation, from a dozen Nash Family Foundation,countries Open Society to YIVO Institute, for a four-day Kertész and Safdie honored Nelson Peltz, Slovininternational Foundation, conference and other on anti- Benefit Dinner Raises Nearly $1M friends of YIVO. Semitism in the West. Nobel Laureate Imre Kertész The nine panels ofThe the ninelandmark panels May of the 11-14 land- and Israeli-born architect Moshe conference, titled “Oldmark Demons,NewMay 11-14 conference, Debates: ti- Safdie. The 78th anniversary Anti-Semitism in thetled West,” “Old Demons,New were sold out. Debates: The dinner, held on May 13 at New auditorium of the Anti-SemitismCenter for Jewish in History,the West,” York’s Pierre Hotel, was at- where YIVO is heaquartered,were sold o was The filled, auditorium and the the tended by over 400 guests. It raised nearly one million dollars CONTENTS: for YIVO. Chairman’s Message . . . .2 Center .18 “This dinner was one of a kind. Executive Director ...... 3 Fellowships ...... 19 It was a great moment for YIVO YIVO’s Lifetime Achievement Award and our supporters to have Imre Development ...... 4 winners, 2002 Nobel Prize-winning EPYC ...... 7 Summer Program . . . . .20 Hungarian author Imre Kertész (L) and Kertész and receive Conference Excerpts . . . .9 YIVO in History ...... 21 Israeli-born architect Moshe Safdie. Lifetime Achievement Awards,” Exhibitions ...... 12 Archives ...... 22 noted Bruce Slovin, Chairman YIVO Encyclopedia . . . . .14 New Accessions ...... 23 t Y IVO’s annual banquet, of the Board. “These men — YIVO News ...... 15 YIVO Donors ...... 28 ALifetime Achievement each in his own field — have Sutzkever Album ...... 16 Letters ...... 30 Awards were bestowed upon helped to mold the world we Library ...... 17 Section . . . . .32-40 Hungarian Jewish author and live in today.” [continued on page 11] From the Chairman of the Board YIVO News Bringing History to Life s summer draws to a close I pleasure with Founded in 1925 in Vilna, , as the Aam collecting my thoughts this great ac- Yiddish Scientific Institute and headquartered while preparing for the future complishment. in since 1940, YIVO is devoted to of YIVO. Our noble and varied Along with the history, society and culture of Ashkenazic history is daunting; and this EPYC, The Jewry and to the influence of that culture as it May we returned to the YIVO YIVO Encyclo- developed in the Americas. Today, YIVO stands tradition of debating important pedia of Jews in Bruce Slovin as the preeminent center for East European issues in the Jewish community Jewish Studies; Yiddish , literature by organizing Old Demons, New will also help lay the and folklore; and the study of the American Debates: Anti-Semitism in the groundwork for our future. Jewish immigrant experience. West, an international conference Through its vigorous scholar- ship, encompassing viewpoint Afounding partner of the Center for Jewish of scholars and public intellec- History, YIVO holds the following constituent tuals held here at YIVO. This and attention to the details of memberships: brought us into the massive • American Historical Association • the public eye history of - Association for Jewish Studies • Association in ways that “Enthusiasm, new ideas, ish life and of Jewish Libraries • Council of Archives and will continue to innovative visions and culture in Research Libraries in Jewish Studies • Society benefit YIVO creative plans all require Eastern Eu- of American Archivists and • World Congress by showing its rope. In scope, of Jewish Studies. relevance in us to reach out to the The YIVO Ency- today’s world. young.” clopedia will Chairman of the Board: Bruce Slovin Although represent the Executive Director: Carl J. Rheins many of our best YIVO has friends who knew YIVO in to offer to current and future Director of Development Eastern Europe are no longer generations. It will be a building and External Affairs: Ella Levine with us, we must continue to block of home, and Director of Finance and renew and recreate the institutional libraries. It will Administration: Andrew J. Demers enthusiasm of those early mem- make our complex history avail- Dean of the Library and bers. The conference was a step able in an ultra-modern user- Senior Research Librarian: Brad Sabin Hill in the right direction. friendly form. These two projects, along with Chief Archivist: Fruma Mohrer Enthusiasm, new ideas, inno- vative visions and creative plans our many other activities, are Head Librarian: Aviva Astrinsky all require us to reach out to the what I like to call “the new face Associate Dean of the Max Weinreich young, to our children, to our of YIVO.” What is that new Center/Yiddish Editor: Hershl Glasser co-workers, to our students, to face? Partly, it is a stronger com- Editor: Elise Fischer our relatives and to our friends. mitment to improving access to YIVO has begun this process. YIVO’s priceless Library and Production Editors: We have renewed our commit- Archives collections. We will Jerry Cheslow, Michele Alperin ment to educating and training make rare collections available Contributors new generations of students, through the YIVO web site as Adina Cimet, Julie Draskoczy, Krysia Fisher, Shaindel teachers and parents through part of our effort to touch the Fogelman, Michael Glickman, Marilyn Goldfried, Leo programs such as the Educa- entire world. Greenbaum, Fern Kant, Erica Blankstein Kaplan, Solomon Krystal, Yeshaya Metal, Chana Mlotek, Allan tional Program on Yiddish With all this in mind, I ask Nadler, Majus Nowogrodzki, Yankl Salant, Charles Culture (EPYC), which pre- each and every reader of Yedies Simon and Lorin Sklamberg mieres this September in high to be a part of the NEW YIVO schools in , and to encourage others to join 15 West 16th Street us financially and intellectually. New York, NY 10011-6301 and . Excitement was unan- Phone: (212) 246-6080 imous among the teachers who Please come and visit YIVO; Fax: (212) 292-1892 participated in the inaugural then you will better understand EPYC teacher training seminar my excitement and pride. With www..org in June. The program will touch your support YIVO will be a e-mail to Yedies: [email protected] so many students and parents. strong, vibrant organization for It will produce a ripple effect of another 80 years. interest in YIVO and our history. I wish all of you could share my

2 YIVO News Summer 2003 From the Executive Director “Old Demons: New Debates” These remarks were delivered before the opening plenary sionate scholarship. Rather, the leadership session of YIVO’s "Old Demons, New Debates: Anti- accepted the premise that the Institute should Semitism in the West: An International Conference" “serve the folk” by doing work of widespread held at YIVO from May 11 to May 14, 2003. relevance. These commitments were carried over to the hroughout its history in interwar Europe, when, at the outbreak of World War “TYIVO was often caught up in the fierce II, the center of the YIVO was transferred to New Dr. Carl J. Rheins competition” among the varied political move- York City. In the very first issue of Yedies fun YIVO ments of the day. In the 1920s, the Institute’s (September 1943) Weinreich wrote, “The YIVO position was to foster communal engagement and has become a meeting place for those intellectuals to pursue work of contemporary relevance “with- who have preferred to seek knowledge through out aligning itself with a specific political camp, research rather than to accept preconceived ideas which it feared would compromise its intellectual at their face value. Its work is a means of giving integrity.”1 the Jew the opportunity to acquire self-knowledge Still, among YIVO’s early and of providing the Jewish leaders and supporters, who “YIVO is ready to do its share… people with new implements included , Sig- in the struggle for survival.” mund Freud, and German to elucidate and strengthen On January 5, 1945, with Social Democratic leader fundamental unity of the several of the major concen- Eduard Bernstein, “there Jewish people in all times.” tration camps already liber- were two distinct — and ated, 1,400 persons attended diametrically opposed — opinions on the the opening session of the YIVO Annual Con- desirability of political engagement. Neither ference, which was held in the Hunter College camp succeeded in imposing its program and Assembly Hall in . In this opening the Institute proceeded along a middle ground, session, Max Weinreich read from a paper entitled addressing politically charged issues while “The YIVO Faces the Post-War World”: keeping open political advocacy at arm’s length.”2 The YIVO is ready to do its share, it wants While Dr. Max Weinreich, YIVO’s founder and to elucidate and strengthen the fundamen- longtime Director of Research, urged his col- tal unity of the Jewish people in all times. leagues to stay outside of the political struggles It seeks to aid American Jewry in under- of the day, by the 1930s, with Fascism on the rise, standing the Jewish situation and utilizing YIVO shifted its focus from literary concerns to it to the advantage of the group and the the social sciences, while simultaneously con- nation as a whole.4 fronting the danger of native and foreign anti- The underlying premise of this conference is Semitism. Weinreich urged the need for a collec- that an understanding of the worldwide revival tive and interdisciplinary approach with research- of anti-Semitism is a pre-condition to effectively ers in different fields working together to bring combating it. To that end, 36 scholars, public intel- varying perspectives to bear on a common lectuals, and community leaders from Israel, Eng- problem. land, Mexico, France, Germany, Poland, Holland, In 1938, three years before the Nazis would oc- Iran, Canada and the United States have come cupy Vilna, Weinreich wrote, “Our goal is to help together to participate in the most ambitious our people in the difficult struggle for its very ex- rounds of discussions yet organized in North istence with the weapons of understanding and America on the resurgence of Jew-hatred. knowledge.”3 It is in this spirit that I am honored to open this Based on the available records, it appears that by international conference, “Old Demons, New 1939 none of YIVO’s leaders continued to argue Debates: Anti-Semitism in the West,” YIVO’s first for YIVO to remain solely a bastion of dispas- major international conference since 1935.

1 Cecile E. Kuznitz, “The Origins of Yiddish Scholarship and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research,” (unpublished doctoral dissertation), Stanford University, 2000, p. 205. 2 Ibid, p. 207. 3 Ibid, pp. 264-269. 4 Dr. Max Weinreich, as quoted in “YIVO Conference Outlines Broad Program,” News of the YIVO/Yedies fun YIVO, No. 7: February 1945, p. 1.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 3 Development and External Affairs Inspiring Future Generations by Ella Levine, Director of Development and External Affairs eturning from YIVO’s 2003 Heritage Mission the aspects of and Rin June, I felt inspired and hopeful. Contem- history that we so greatly cherish. plating how Jewish life was so brutally erased Our honorees at both events are and how the Jewish communities in Moscow and inspirations to us who want to Ella Levine the Baltic republics are being reborn, underscored preserve and enrich our culture. the importance of our work and its relevance to To accomplish this, we must in- contemporary Jewish life. spire other generations. The commitment to While we cannot ignore the lost world, we also continuity is best expressed through YIVO’s must witness and nourish the Jewish future, which most ambitious projects: The YIVO Encyclopedia includes knowledge and affection for Hebrew and EPYC, the Educational Program on Yiddish and Jewish traditions. As Dr. Evgeny Satanovsky, Culture, to be introduced to Jewish and non- Chairman of the Moscow Jewish community, Jewish high schools in September, 2003. Perhaps Development pointed out, “The re-creation of Yidishkayt has this is YIVO’s most important mission. become the new way of life in the cradle of East ✁ European Yiddish culture. The remaining Jews are committed to rebuilding Jewish life in their YIVO Institute for Jewish Research countries of origin.” 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301 As the Jews of Russia and the Baltics reconnect with their glorious past and find energy and I want to help YIVO preserve our Jewish heritage. creativity in their roots, so too, do we. YIVO is ❏ $54 – You will receive the YIVO newsletter, Yedies, more than an archival resource center for East European culture; it seeks to enliven our heritage in Yiddish and English. by making the traditions and teachings of the past ❏ $100 – A set of postcards from YIVO’s relevant in today’s world. In so doing we honor collections. people who engage in similar pursuits. ❏ $180 – A set of holiday cards from YIVO’s Here, I refer to the 2003 honorees at the Inter- national Women’s Division Luncheon who are collections. ensuring our culture’s vibrancy and vitality. ❏ $360 – A new Yiddish recording. Despite their different backgrounds, commitments ❏ and myriad activities, each has demonstrated a $500 – A book from YIVO. will to support and preserve our culture. Our ❏ $1000 and more – A book from YlVO and a set recipients — Ruth Gruber (Lifetime Achievement of YIVO holiday cards, and a listing in Yedies. Award), Vera Stern (Vilna Award), Jacob Waisbord ❏ and Myra Treitel (Me’dor Le’dor Award) and Other. Bernice P. Slutzman (Goldene Keyt Award) — Enclosed is my contribution of $ . are a very distinguished and committed group, Please charge my gift to: complemented by guest speaker Mimi Sheraton. ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Regardless of our roots, the cultural milieu in AMEX VISA MasterCard Discover which we were raised, our level of assimilation Card No. Exp. Date and cosmopolitanism, something unites us. How- ever, as the past becomes more distant, prewar Signature Jewish life in Eastern Europe is fading into stories, repeated from generation to generation. We are Please make checks payable to YIVO Institute for losing touch with the reality behind those stories. Jewish Research. Your gift is tax deductible. Imre Kertész, one of this year’s Lifetime Achieve- ment Award honorees at our 78th Anniversary Name Celebration, brings our history to life in his writing. He ensures that our culture will be Address available for future generations to study and reflect upon. Moshe Safdie, also the recipient of City/State/Zip the Lifetime Achievement Award, uses architec- ture to shape the spaces in which people live in Telephone (h) (w) the United States, Israel, Canada and Europe. Both of these prodigious and creative artists represent Fax e-mail 4 YIVO News Summer 2003 3rd Annual International Women’s Luncheon Three Generations Celebrate Together Development Honoree Vera Stern flanked by her grandsons Noah (L) and (L-R) Mark Treitel, Jacob Waisbord, Myra Treitel, Dr. Herman Eytan Stern-Weber. Treitel and Stuart Treitel. ommitment to preserving the culture of East Vilna roots, she works to preserve Vilna Yidishkayt CEuropean Jews for future generations was the and is committed to maintaining its culture. “To message of the 3rd Annual International Women’s be honored by my friends is a special moment for Division Luncheon, held on May 18. The lunch- me,” Stern noted, after an introduction by her eon, entitled “A Heritage Journey — Me’dor grandsons, Eytan and Noah. Le’dor,” drew more than 160 people to the Center Waisbord and Treitel (father-daughter), recipi- for to honor Dr. Ruth Gruber, Vera ents of the Me’dor Le’dor Award, exem- Stern, Jacob Waisbord, Myra Treitel and Bernice P. plify dedication and love for culture and Slutzman. Chaired by Caren Constantiner and Co- how it is shared between generations. chaired by Susan Oppenheim and Carol A. Stahl, “We are so pleased to be here. It is just members of the YIVO Leadership Forum, the wonderful to be honored together with luncheon was the most successful to date. my father,” Myra Treitel said after she Gruber, recipient of the Lifetime Achievement was introduced by Stuart, one of her Award, is best known for escorting 1,000 World sons. “Jacob was an early member of War II refugees from Europe to America in a co- YIVO — his student card from Vilna, vert mission for the Roosevelt administration, dated April 8, 1940, is reproduced on while serving as Special Assistant to Harold Ickes, the back of each program.” Bernice Slutzman with her the Secretary of the Interior. She is an acclaimed Similarly, Slutzman, recipient of the father, Roman Weingarten. journalist and author and was honored for her con- Goldene Keyt Award, and Vice President stant vigilance and dedication to Jewish culture. of The New Cracow Friendship Society, credits her Stern, recipient of the Vilna Award, has selflessly father, Roman Weingarten, as her inspiration in committed herself to the arts and to humanitarian keeping alive the history and traditions of Jews causes. As president of the American-Israel Cul- from Cracow. Weingarten spoke in brief remarks tural Foundation (AICF) and throughout her 40 about how proud he is of his daughter and of her years of leadership, she has engendered many commitment to continuity. artistic innovations and successes. To honor her Guest speaker Mimi Sheraton, acclaimed author and food critic, entertained the crowd with stories of her childhood and spoke about the role that food plays in all families. Sheraton discussed the Food as Roots series, of which she serves as Honorary Chair, as an “important opportunity to use food to reconnect people to Jewish culture.” YIVO’s 3rd Annual International Women’s Division Luncheon was held in support of the Educational Program on Yiddish Culture (EPYC), a comprehen- Eta Wrobel, Chair, and Fanya sive high school level curriculum set to Gottesfeld Heller, President, (L-R) Susan Oppenheim, Mimi Sheraton, Carol Stahl and debut in September of this year. (See YIVO’s International Women’s Caren Constantiner. EPYC story on page 7.) Division.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 5 Jacob Waisbord and Myra Treitel Father and Daugher Keeping the Flame Burning yra Treitel glows when her father talks about documents, Mhis life in Europe and the United States. By preserves and age 28 Jacob Waisbord had made his way from teaches about to Vilna, across Siberia to Japan, and final- the lives of ly to Seattle, Washington, on March 31, 1941, al- Jews of prewar ways one step ahead of the Nazis. Europe — lives Waisbord continued on to New York City where, that stood for in January 1942, he married Adele Sukenik. Not social justice, Jacob Waisbord and his daughter Myra yet a citizen and knowing very little English, Wais- education, ac- Treitel. bord was drafted into the United States Army, in cess to oppor- which he served more than three years. tunity, Zionism, the use of the Yiddish language Returning to New York after the war, he worked and more. His YIVO membership card from Vilna,

Development as a linotype operator and proofreader, first for dated April 8, 1940, was reproduced in Yedies #188 the Jewish Day and then for The Forward. An active (Summer 1999). member of the printers’ union, he became treas- Recently, Jacob Waisbord established a charitable urer of the Yiddish Typographical Union. Later he gift annuity because it allowed him to make a was elected treasurer of the Workmen’s Circle and significant contribution to YIVO while providing was a founder of its Ringelblum Branch, in which him with substantial financial benefits. In addi- he still serves as financial secretary at age 89. The tion to assuring his own economic stability he branch was named after Emmanuel Ringelblum, also assured that YIVO will continue to receive who had been Waisbord’s instructor in Left Poale future support to help it sustain the chain of Zion in Poland. Ringelblum, the Warsaw Ghetto Jewish continuity. historian, encouraged people from all walks of life “I say, ‘don’t burn with a big flame that may die to write and tell of the treatment of Jews in the out,’” Waisbord commented. “It is better to burn ghetto as part of the "Oneg " resistance with a small steady flame that burns forever!” group. Waisbord and Treitel were honored at the “Being a leader of the Left movement International Women’s Luncheon where they enabled his life to be saved,” Myra noted. “He has received the Me’dor Le’dor Award (see page 5). never stopped being an activist in his attempt to Treitel explained that her parents taught her three ‘give back’ to the Jewish community at large.” major lessons: to honor those who came before Waisbord’s connection to YIVO dates to his years her; to give back to those in need; and to educate in Europe, during which YIVO provided the op- the next generation about Jewish life, Jewish portunity to study almost any topic in Yiddish. values and the Jewish mission. Her father’s According to Myra, her father continues to sup- charitable gift annuity will help to accomplish all port YIVO because it is the only organization that three objectives. The Gaon Society: A Legacy for the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

he Gaon Society, named for the 18th century in preserving our heritage for future generations. By TElijah Ben Solomon Zalman — the Vilna Gaon — was supporting YIVO you advance Jewish scholarship and established to recognize and thank YIVO friends and perpetuate the culture, language and history of Eastern donors who have created a legacy for YIVO in their wills European Jewry. To learn how you can help YIVO while or estate plans, or through a charitable gift annuity or fulfilling your own financial needs, please call Ellen Siegel charitable trust. at (917) 606-8293. If you have already included YIVO in Like the Vilna Gaon, who was known for his vast your will, please notify us so we can include you among intellect and the importance he placed on tzedakah, these the members of The Gaon Society. friends understand and appreciate the role YIVO plays YIVO Gaon Society Founders Eliane Bukanz Gene and Mildred Forrell Louis Osofsky Milton Weiner Hyman and Rita Cohen Nathan Goldstein Ethel Roberts Rita Winningham Ethel and Rhoda Cutler George Hecht Samuel Silverstein Shulamis Friedman Louis Johnston Jacob Waisbord

6 YIVO News Summer 2003 Debut Teacher Training 3-Day Seminar Launches EPYC Curriculum IVO hosted EPYC fundraising has also entered a new phase Ya three-day to cover the printing and distribution of the international materials and their incorporation into school teacher training curricula. In this phase, the texts will also be trans-

seminar, officially lated into Hebrew, Spanish and Russian for global EPYC launching the distribution. pilot phase of At the closing ceremony Dr. Carl Rheins, YIVO the Educational Executive Director, highlighted the revolutionary Program on character of the program. “EPYC is a way for Yiddish Culture YIVO to return to its instructional mission,” he (EPYC). Selected noted. “The program is a unique curriculum for from public and in America.” Then he presented private high flowers to Dr. Adina Cimet, the EPYC Director, schools around whose vision of this initiative saw the light for the the world, the 18 first time at the Seminar. teachers are the Young Jewish men departing for first group of service in the Polish army, sitting in EPYC Fellows. EPYC Teacher Seminar Fellows front of a portrait of Ber Borochov, The sections Name Affiliation Location father of , Lublin, 1919 were led by (YIVO Archives). some of the Eva L. Abbamonte Harrison High School Harrison, NY leading United States academics specializing in Rochelle Anziska Samuel H. Wang Holliswood, NY East European culture and history. Starting June Yeshivah University High School 23, the Fellows attended lectures on history, literature, music, theater and Holocaust studies. Rabbi Jonathan Brookline, MA Their afternoons were devoted to intensive Bloomberg workshops in which the EPYC curriculum was Shira Breuer Pelech Religious , Israel dissected, reviewed and evaluated under the Experimental High School guidance of Dr. Robert Shapiro, history instructor at Ramaz High School in Manhattan. Mira Cohen Beverly Hills High School Los Angeles, CA The EPYC Fellows will be implementing the pi- Paula Cohen Abraham Joshua Heschel School New York, NY lot program, starting in September. They will act as a sounding board for EPYC, discussing the Sameya Gewirtz Temple Beth Am Seattle, WA curriculum and suggesting ways to best use the material in their classrooms. Rochel Licht Beis Yaacov Academy , NY “It is an ambitious, terrific idea backed up by Rebeca Mareyna Yavneh School Mexico City research,” said Steven Solomon, principal of the Mexico East Brunswick Jewish Center school, one of the Avinoam Patt Congregation Agudath Israel West Caldwell, largest synagogue schools in . “Without of West Essex NJ question, we will use the material in our high school.” Cynthia Peterman Charles E. Smith Rockville, MD The generosity of many individuals and foun- dations, and the guidance and support of the Abraham Rabenstein Israel Henry Beren High , MD YIVO Leadership Forum, made the training seminar possible. Shifra Rabenstein Shalheves High School for Girls Baltimore, MD The seminar and the unveiling of the texts Gaby Reiss Amit Gush Dan Technological Ramat Gan, developed by EPYC mark the culmination of the High School Israel first phase of this program. The EPYC Fellows received a review version. Shelly Rossoff Milken Community Day School Los Angeles, CA The Fellows came from the United States, Mexico and Israel, and a diverse educational spec- Dr. Robert Shapiro Ramaz New York, NY trum: public schools; private Jewish day schools, Steve Solomon East Brunswick Jewish Center East Brunswick, including orthodox, conservative and reform; as NJ well as special afternoon Jewish religious school programs. Miriam Wielgus Brooklyn, NY

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 7 8 YIVO NationalBoard memberMartinPeretz,Irwin Cotler, Fiamma NirensteinandDavidPryce-Jones. Final paneldiscussion, “Anti-Semitism,Anti-Zionism andIsrael.”Participants(L-R) RobertWistrich, Old Demons opening theconferenceproceedings. YIVO ExecutiveDirectorDr. CarlRheins Old Demons,NewDebates YIVO News Summer2003 Islamist hatred oftheJewshas colonial crimes.“Unequivocal left, whichaccusesIsraelof Moslems andtheprogressive cooperation betweenFrance’s Alain Finkielkrautblamed two years,French historian Semitic incidentsoverthepast desecrated.” my great-uncle were amongthe back home.“Mygreat-aunt and to thedesecrationofacemetery ceived disturbingnewsrelated historian SimonSchamare- As forFrance,siteof1,300anti- During theconference, British of thisdiseasewhichthreatens this plagueandtothetreatment exported backtoEurope.” “grafted ontoitandwas where Islamicanti-Semitismwas from Europe totheMiddleEast, Semitism hadbeenexported Executioners, hagen, authorof a repeated theme.DanielGold- and itsspread totheWest was Mexico. Islamicanti-Semitism others from Israel,Iranand Americans andEuropeans, with evenly dividedbetweenNorth canary inthepantheonofevil.” Semitism istheproverbial was atstakebecause“anti- than thesurvivalofhumanity Irwin Cotlerwarnedthatnoless ment andhumanrightslawyer publisher ofthe Major JewishOrganizations and Conference ofPresidents of Zuckerman, president ofthe cal elite,”declared MortimerB. comes from theEuropean politi- that madethemacceptable by Moslems,buttherhetoric at leastanecho.” found, ifnotoutrightapproval, “The firststeptoovercoming The speakerswere almost Canadian MemberofParlia- “Physical actsare committed [continued from page1] said Nazianti- Daily News Hitler’s Willing . the CenterforJewishHistoryat can beheard onthewebsiteof College. Audio oftheconference Leon Botstein,President ofBard Arnold Richards, aswellDr. Peretz, Bruce SlovinandDr. berger, MaxGitter, Martin Board membersJosephGreen- composed of YIVO National Conference Committeewas urgency withtheIraqwar. The Center, whichtookonnew the attackonWorld Trade Semitism inEurope following in thewakeofresurgent anti- debate fordecadestocome.” level thatwillinfluencethe Semitism atahigherintellectual opened discourseonanti- Chairman of YIVO. “We have days,” remarked Bruce Slovin, confer- encethroughout itsfour raison d’être ofthisconference.” of itsroots, andthathasbeenthe r Wist University Professor Robert People,” contendedHebrew civilization andtheJewish www.cjh.org/about/old_demons.htm elentless, implacableexposure action againstit. called onMoslemclericstotake Islamic schoolsinNewYork and of anti-Semitictextbooksinsome Jerrold Nadlerdenouncedtheuse Yo Appearing attheconference,New in IslamicSchools Slams Anti-Semitism C The conference wasorganized “Thousands attendedthe rk Representative(D-8thDistrict) ongressman Nadler rich, “mustbethelucid, l. Excerpts from Talks Delivered at the YIVO Conference “Old Demons, New Debates: Anti-Semitism in the West” Leon Wieseltier David I. Kertzer Conference advisor and literary editor Author of The Popes Against the Jews and of The New Republic Professor of Anthropology at Brown University he taxonomy of present-day anti- ne might think that today, in the wake TSemitism is ominously large. There Oof both Vatican Council II and Pope are religious varieties and secular varie- John Paul II’s call for repentance and ties; theological varieties and ideological coming to terms with sins of the past, the varieties; political varieties and cultural varieties; old Vatican-supervised journal would recognize and apologize varieties and new varieties. There is the anti-Semitism of for the pernicious role it played in the development of Christians, which comes in many forms, and anti-Semitism modern anti-Semitism. What we now see, however, is just of Muslims, which comes in many forms. There is the anti- the opposite. Semitism of the Right, in Europe and in the United States, The Vatican’s continuing effort to distance itself from any still stubbornly blaming the Jews for modernity (I have responsibility for making possible depends always found that particular allegation to be rather a on maintaining the distinction between anti- and compliment); and there is the anti-Semitism of the Left, anti-Semitism. In this account, these are two very different most recently seeking shelter (and finding it) in the anti- phenomena, and while some in the Church had unfortu- globalization movement, which has presided over a revival nately participated in religious anti-Judaism, this was of the New Left’s dogmas about and liberalism completely different from modern anti-Semitism that the and Americanism. And there is the anti-Semitism that Church had nothing to do with. … manifests itself as anti-Zionism. The problem that the Vatican has encountered in clinging This is, I think, the most dangerous anti-Semitism of them to its anti-Judaism/anti-Semitism distinction is that its ori- all. It is not the case, of course, that every criticism of the ginal rationale — that the Church’s hostile characteriza- Jewish state is an instance of anti-Semitism; but it is certain- tions of the Jews were based on negative religious images ly the case that every instance of anti-Semitism is a criti- alone — was so clearly false. cism of the Jewish state, a fundamental criticism, since it One only has to read the pages of the Vatican-supervised denies the legitimacy of the ideal of a normal life for Jews, Civilta Cattolica in the years from 1880 to 1939 to see that it who are consigned by anti-Semites of one kind or another is filled with a demonization of the Jews based on the evil to an endless abnormality of one kind or another…. things they were collectively responsible for socially, I do not believe that the United States is just another economically and politically…. address for Jews on the run, just a safer haven. I believe, Something very troubling is going on today in the rather, that the United States represents a revolution in Vatican. Those Catholics — from simple laypeople to Jewish history, a country that is — in its philosophical cardinals — who have tried to get the Church to come foundations and in its political practices — structurally to terms with its role in spreading anti-Semitism in the hospitable to us. We cannot be pilloried as a state within past have been subjected to strong sanction. Even those a state in a state that is comprised of states within a state. who have tried to offer a different interpretation of “We We cannot be excoriated for difference in a society in Remember” are now being repudiated. which difference is the substance of sameness. The latter includes Cardinal Edward Cassidy himself, To use the Zionist terms, I would define the American head of the commission that drafted the document. In a innovation in Jewish history as the establishment of a Nov. 9, 1998, speech, Cardinal Cassidy said: “In making a Diaspora that is not an exile, a tfutzah that is not a golah. distinction between the anti-Judaism of the Christian Of course I do not mean to contend that there is no anti- Churches and the anti-Semitism of the Nazis, “We Semitism in America. Not at all. But the story of Jew-hatred Remember” does not intend to deny the relationship in America differs profoundly from the story of Jew-hatred between these two evils.” Yet this is exactly what the in Europe. It is a scandal to be refused admission to a Vatican-approved Civilta Cattolica text of June 2002 has school or a hotel or a club; but it is not an expulsion or a done. . And it is not only the virulence of anti-Semitism The Vatican is here playing with fire — for there are still that has been diminished in the United States. Its legiti- parts of the Roman Catholic Church in no way resigned to macy, too, has been diminished. In fact, its legitimacy has accepting the lessons of the Second Vatican Council. In- been altogether repudiated. The remarkable fact about deed, for the fringe groups on the right of the Church who the American Jewish campaign against anti-Semitism in reject the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, there is no America, like the African American campaign against clearer litmus test than continued demonization of the Jews. racism in America, is that it is made in the name of Amer- ican principles. Not the Jews, but the bigotry against the (Please turn to page 10 for additional conference excerpts.) Jews, is the anomaly here. hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 9 More YIVO Conference Excerptsof the Jewish people to rejoin the family of man. ChristopherChristopher Caldwell Caldwell Christopher Hillel Halkin A senior editor at The Weekly Standard Israeli author whose most recent book is lose bonds between America Across the Sabbath River: In Search of a Cand Israel are bound to mean Lost Tribe of Israel closer bonds between anti-Ameri- hy are the Jews like the fruit canism and anti-Semitism. But Wof the olive tree? ask the there is another, more practical in the . “Because,” they answer, “as link between the two prejudices, that we can state all liquids mix with each other, but the oil of the crassly. Many Americans are convinced, with good olive does not, so Israel does not mix with the reason since September 11, that there are a large Gentiles. … And as the olive does not yield its oil number of people in the world who wish to see us unless it is crushed, so Israel does not return to Old Demons slaughtered. We sincerely believe that many peo- God unless it is crushed by affliction.” Being ple wish to smuggle a nuclear bomb into this city chosen and set apart exacts a double price. It and set it off. This is as true of a Lutheran farmer makes an envious and indignant world persecute in South Dakota as it is of a Jew in the shadow of the Jews and it makes a pedagogical God allow the Trade Towers, and it has a consequence: the this to happen. vast majority of Americans are outraged at at- Historically, this is the normative Jewish point of tempts to excuse or explain terrorist attacks on view. Classical Zionism, too, viewed the Jews as Israel’s democracy. José Saramago, Breyten the cause of anti-Semitism. Breitenbach, and others who try to do so are per- Here is Leo Pinsker’s Auto-Emancipation, pub- ceived by Americans not just as foreigners who lished 14 years before Herzl’s The Jewish State: disagree with us on foreign policy; they are per- “Among the living nations of the earth the Jews ceived as enemies of America itself. So at a time occupy the position of a nation long since dead . . . when a lot of anti-Semitism uses Israel as a pretext, If the fear of ghosts is something inborn, and has a even excusing the terrorism practiced against it, certain justification in the psychic life of humanity, America is inevitably drawn into a tighter and is it any wonder that it asserted itself powerfully tighter identification with Israel. This link is a mat- at the sight of this dead and yet living nation? . . . ter of common values rather than ethnic loyalties. The misfortunes of the Jews are due, above all, to Europe will either come to share in these common their lack of desire for national independence . . . ” values again — and I am confident that it can do Zionism understood the Jews’ misfortunes dif- so — or our continents will grow further apart. . . . ferently from , which made it This does not mean, as certain European cari- more optimistic about overcoming them. And yet caturists claim, "unqualified support for Ariel there is in all self-blame a peculiar sort of opti- Sharon." But it does mean that in the ongoing mism that helps to explain why, starting with the war against terrorism, the convergence between biblical prophets, there has been so much of it the values of the US and Israel may become more among Jews; for if you are the cause of your own dramatic in the eyes of the world. No matter what suffering, you have the ability to rectify it. . . happens in the coming years, the U.S., as the target Imagine that, in its early years, Zionism had de- of Islamic fundamentalist terrorists, will spend clared proudly and defiantly: “Do not blame the much of its time battling anti-Semites, even if it Jews! It is not their fault that they have become the doesn’t necessarily battle them for being anti- scapegoats of a sick mankind. . . .” Semites. This may create a sacred American vo- Such a Zionism would also have had to say: cation of anti-anti-Semitism. . . . “Because mankind will always have fears, hatred Today, at most of the anti-globalization rallies, and phobias, there will always be anti-Semitism, the refrain is the same one against neo-liberalism which no Jewish state can put an end to. On the [i.e. capitalism], war, and racism ... And the repre- contrary: Such a state will simply become anti- sentative racist war is always the same one. . . Semitism’s new focus. . . .” If you ask protesters why, of all the dozen con- “Why the Jews?” will go on being asked. . . flicts now unfortunately roiling the Muslim world, because our anguish in the face of continued anti- this one obsesses them (why not Chechnya? why Semitism makes us ask it. This anguish is espe- not Sudan? why not Nigeria?), they can give you cially great for those of us who have believed, and an answer that stops just this side of anti-Semitism. go on believing, that Zionism and Israel were the Israel- is the one where the ”capitalist” most appropriate and far-sighted of all Jewish world of the West meets the underprivileged responses to modernity, a heroic effort on the part victim peoples of the South.

10 YIVO News Summer 2003 Benefit Dinner [continued from page 1] Moshe Safdie was introduced by his friend and YIVO National Board member Martin Peretz. Peretz termed architecture “a Jewish profession” and mentioned a few other well known architects, including Frank Gehry, last year’s YIVO honoree, and Daniel Liebeskind. Moshe Safdie was born in Haifa after his pa- rents immigrated to Israel from Syria. The family moved to when Moshe was 15. Safdie made his architectural debut at age 29, with the daringly innovative design of Habitat ’67 graduated housing units for the 1967 World’s Fair in Montreal. Since then, Safdie has continued to create bold and ori- Cindy Stone, Co-Chair of the YIVO Leadership Forum, with ginal projects all over the world. His award- speaker Yaira Singer. Benefit Dinner winning designs include the National Gallery of Born in 1929 into an assimilated Hungarian Canada, the Library Square in Vancouver and the Jewish family, Kertész, like many other European Western Wall Plaza in Jerusalem. In 1978, Safdie Jews, began asking questions became director of the Urban about his Jewish identity only Design Program at Harvard after being deported to Ausch- “I am delighted to see University’s School of Design, witz in 1944. Having survived YIVO’s door opened for a post he held until 1984. and returned to Budapest, he our generation” — In his acceptance speech, devoted his life to writing about Safdie, who is Sephardi, said, the Holocaust. Two of his novels, Yaira Singer “In the absence of my Yiddish, I Fateless and Kaddish for a Child Not greet you in Ladino,” expressing Born, were translated into English, while almost all delight at being honored by his Ashkenazi breth- his works are available in German. In its Nobel ren. He credited growing up in the early days of citation the Swedish Academy said of Kertész: Zionism for his “respect for nature and its scarce “For him, Auschwitz is not an exceptional occur- resources.” rence … outside the normal history of Western Representing younger generations was Yaira Europe. It is the ultimate truth about human de- Singer, daughter of EPYC Program Director Adina gradation in modern existence.” Cimet Singer. Greeting the dinner guests in both Ill health prevented Kertész from attending the Yiddish and English, she said, “I am delighted to benefit. Instead, the audience was shown a short see YIVO’s door opened for our generation … to video featuring a recent interview with the writer see adults of the world concerned with cultural at his office and excerpts from his Nobel continuity….” Singer closed her remarks with a Prize acceptance speech. His good friend and salute to YIVO: “May you all succeed in your landsman philanthropist George Soros introduced work, and may you together gather the support Imre Kertész and the film. and respect your work deserves.”

Left photo: YIVO National Board member Motl Zelmanowicz (L) with YIVO Chairman Bruce Slovin.

Right photo: YIVO National Board member Martin Peretz (L) with honoree Moshe Safdie. hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 11 Kadish. “Ghetto Child,”authorunknown, circa1942.Photo:George From anage,farfrom/Beautyor splendor.” “Without freedomorlaughter/And withoutspringtime…/ for reservations. (212) 246-6080 V “Our Hometown Exhibition Permanent Also atYIVO, ilna.” Call 12 Exhibitions Stone oftheSmartFamilyFoundation. through thegenerous supportofCindyandDavid during thewar. Theexhibitionismadepossible secretly photographlifeintheKovnoghetto one oftheonlyJewishphotographersableto graphs ofGeorge Kadish[Zvi(Hirsh)Kadushin], to Jerusalem YIVO News Summer2003 “ 1944.” Photo:GeorgeKadish. from theGermansduring‘Children’s Action’onMarch27, left ofthefamilypossessions.Hewasshottryingtoescape saw himoftenstandingatthecornertryingtosellwhatwas smaller children.Theboybecametheprovideroffamily. I beginning ofthewarandmotherhadtotakecare the ghettosoupkitchen.Hisfatherwasmurderedin “A five-year-old boyreceiveshotsoupforthefamilyfrom “Light OneCandle”ExhibitionatYIVO L on thebook Holocaust” isastrikingexhibitionbased Child’sDiaryofthe ight OneCandle: A , bySollyGanor. Itfeatures thephoto- Light OneCandle:From From thepoem hero.” Other is averyspecial Holocaust. He during the of ghettolife graphic records icant photo- the mostsignif- stitutes oneof The result con- in theghetto. to documentlife tunity possible every oppor- Kadish took stated, “George ghetto memoir, author ofthe Solly Ganor, 11 A. 11 and Sunday, 9 A.M. to4P.M.; to 5P.M.; Friday, to Thursday, 9 A.M. hours are Monday Y 16th Street inNew History, 15West Center forJewish Gallery atthe Constantiner 2003 September 27, display through Candle” ison met asayoungboy. and whomGanor of life-savingvisas, issued thousands (1939-1940), who Kovno, Lithuania Japanese consulin Sugihara, the graphs ofChiune features photo- my promise…” caust wouldtellourstorytotheworld.Ikept a slim …wemadeasolemnpromise toeachother, chances thatanyoneofuswouldsurvivewere girls intheKovnoGhetto,Lithuania…The Holocaust. We were agroup ofyoungboysand had madetomyfriendsduringtheyearsof exhibition: “Itisthefulfillmentofapromise I Ganor recalled. March from DachautotheTyrol Mountains,” Jewry, whilewewere onaDeath the remnants ofLithuanian Artillery Battalionliberatedus, Japanese-American 522Field Ganor. “Itwasthere thatthe troops wholiberatedSolly 1945, oftheJapanese-American Wa and severalimagestakenin mass murders ofKovnoJews Ganor asaboy),oneofthe the ghetto(includingoneof tos ofchildren inthestreets of war bytheUnitedStates Army. photographs were takenpost- ork City. Viewing “Light One The exhibition Ganor summeduptheimportanceofthis The exhibitencompassespho- neder akirchen, Bavaria,onMay2, , intheJoan M. to5P.M. , thatthosewhowouldsurvivetheHolo- 1942. Photo:George Kadish. Child,”author unknown,circa cast eyes.” shrunken;/ Sunkenchest/Down “Wretched body, skinny/Weak, From thepoem“Ghetto Army. United States serving withthe a youngman Solly Ganoras YIVO Marks 100th Anniversary of Kishinev Pogrom With Commemorative Exhibition Exhibitions

Above: “Elegie on the Kishineff Massacre,” composed by Joseph Brody. From the Sholem Perlmutter Collec- tion of the YIVO Archives (1903).

Left: A photo from the exhibit shows the devastation caused by the pogrom. new YIVO exhibition, “The A Turning Point in Jewish History AKishinev Pogrom of 1903: On the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary,” has opened at the n April 6, 1903, the last day of Pas- point in Jewish history, as the historian Center for Jewish History, 15 Osover, which coincided with Easter, wrote in his memoirs. West 16th Street, New York City. there was a terrible pogrom in Kishinev, This and subsequent demon- It will be on display through a city in the region in the strated that Tsarist Russia would not December 31, 2003, Monday southern part of the . afford any protection to its Jews. After to Thursday, 9 A.M. to 5 P.M.; What distinguished this pogrom from the Kishinev Pogrom a self-defense Friday, 9 A.M. to 4 P.M.; and its predecessors, besides being the first movement sprang up, with groups in Sunday, 11 A.M. to 5 P.M. of the 20th century, was that it took communities throughout the Russian Admission is free. place with the encouragement of the Empire. A sharp rise in emigration from “This exhibition explores the Tsarist regime. Rumors about the po- Russia to America also followed the facts of this gruesome event and grom circulated in the city a few days pogrom, similar to the mass departures its aftermath using original doc- before . A Jewish delegation of the early 1880s. The Zionist move- uments, photographs, leaflets, asked Governor Von Raben for in- ment gained impetus as many people books and posters of the time,” creased police protection. The governor concluded that Jews could only be noted Dr. Carl J. Rheins, YIVO replied that he knew of nothing that secure in a homeland of their own. This Executive Director. “All the ex- would require special police attention. led to the beginning of what became hibition materials are taken from The Kishinev Jews tried to hide or flee. known as the Second . Finally, the YIVO Archives and the YIVO After 48 hours, 49 people were killed Jewish revolutionaries, especially those Library. I urge everyone to view and more than 500 were injured or in the Jewish Labor Bund, became the exhibit in order to under- raped. Dozens of , houses convinced that only the overthrow of stand the events and their and shops were destroyed and looted. the Tsarist government could prevent consequences.” The Kishinev Pogrom was a turning such atrocities.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 13 NEH Awards YIVO Encyclopedia Prestigious Half Million Grant he YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews Endowment for the Humanities. Headed by Tin Eastern Europe has been The grant consists of $289,500 in Editor in Chief awarded more than half a mil- outright and $229,500 in federal Professor Ger- lion dollars from the National matching funds over a two-year shon Hundert period. This support was based and supervised on the merit of the publication by an impres- Edelstein Appointed YIVO Encyclopedia and its broad appeal in helping sive Editorial Editor in Chief YIVO Encyclopedia Americans to understand each Collegium of Gershon Hundert Project Director other. The National Endowment scholars, the

YIVO News for the Humanities intends to publication promises to be a IVO has appointed a new use the Encyclopedia proposal major breakthrough in Jewish Project Director for the mul- Y as an example of a successful Studies. Previous funding in- tivolume YIVO Encyclopedia of grant for future grant-seekers. cludes grants from: the Revson Jews in Eastern Europe. Jeffrey P. When published in 2006, the Foundation, the Conference on Edelstein comes to YIVO from YIVO Encyclopedia will be the Jewish Material Claims Against the Milbank Memorial Fund definitive reference work on Germany, The Righteous Persons where he served as the Publi- the rich and complex Jewish Foundation, the Slovin Foun- cations Editor for reports and experience in Eastern Europe. dation and Motl Zelmanowicz. Managing Editor of the scholarly journal, The Milbank Quarterly. Revson Foundation Awards Previously, Edelstein was Seni- or Project Editor and Managing Major Grant to YIVO Encyclopedia Editor of Scholarly Reference at he Charles H. Revson Foun- possible in shorter articles. Oxford University Press. Some Tdation awarded $200,000 Essay topics include major of his major projects include: over two years to support the surveys of geographical regions, Photo by Elise Fischer The Oxford Encyclopedia of the YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in religious movements such as Modern Islamic World (4 vol- Eastern Europe. The funds are Hasidism and Reform, articles umes); The Oxford Encyclopedia specifically intended to support on the various and of Archaeology in the Near East the preparation of major essays literatures of Eastern European (5 volumes); and The Oxford and their online publication. Jewry, and cultural subjects such as Economics, Education, the Jeffrey P. Guide to Classical Mythology in These essays form the core of Edelstein the Arts (2 volumes). He is a the work, allowing the writers to Arts, Theater, and the Press and graduate of Amherst College engage in more extended discus- Publishing. and . sion of general topics than is

Fruma Mohrer Appointed New Chief Archivist Plans Digitization Effort IVO’s new Chief Archivist intends to launch a digiti- Tenement Museum, 1988), “The Nature Yzation effort to make more YIVO documents acces- of Ghetto Prayer Services” in Lodz sible to researchers worldwide. “Inside thousands of gray Ghetto (Viking Penguin, 1989), and boxes lie papers and artifacts of extraordinary signifi- autobiographies, including one in the cance, created during the best and worst times of recent recent YIVO publication Awakening Lives Jewish history,” declared Fruma Mohrer. “Our mission ( Press, 2002). is to bring them into contemporary life.” Mohrer has been the curator of several Mohrer, who had been Acting Chief Archivist, succeeds exhibitions, including YIVO at 75: An Anniversary Exhibi- Marek Web, who headed YIVO’s Archives from 1970 to tion (2000); Here and Now: The Vision of the Jewish Labor 2001. Web is now a Senior Research Scholar at YIVO’s Bund (2002); and the current exhibition marking the 100th Max Weinreich Center for Advanced Jewish Studies. anniversary of the Kishinev Pogrom. She holds a B.A. in Mohrer and Web co-authored the Guide to the YIVO History and a Graduate Diploma in Education from Archives, which won the Association of Jewish Libraries McGill University, as well as a J.D. from New York Law Award for the outstanding Judaica reference work in School. She is a member of the New York Bar, the Mid- 1998. Her published translations include Minutes of Regional Archives Conference (MARAC) and the Eldridge Street Synagogue, 1890-1916 (Lower East Side Archivists’ Roundtable of Metropolitan New York (ART).

14 YIVO News Summer 2003 East European Visitors Slovak Ambassador and Polish Foundation Chair Visit YIVO lovakia’s Ambassador to mation denouncing the human and Nations runs a publishing Sthe United States, Dr. Martin rights group Charter 77. He was house, a theater, an art gallery, Butora, visited YIVO in Febru- a co-founder of Public Against and a Klezmer Music Group. ary for meetings with Executive Violence (VPN), the leading Its Jewish events include the Director Carl J. Rheins. Accom- Slovak movement in the Velvet staging of An-sky's play “The panied by his wife, Zora, the Revolution against Communism. Dybbuk,” a Klezmer workshop diplomat discussed Slovakia’s From 1990 to 1992, he was Advi- and an exhibit of photographs vibrant 3,000-member Jewish ser for Human Rights Issues to from the YIVO Archives by the community, which traces its his- President Vaclav Havel and Di- prewar Jewish ethnographer tory to the 10th century. Today rector of the Section for Human and photographer Menakhem

it maintains a kosher kitchen, Rights in the Office of the Presi- Kipnis, who died in the Warsaw YIVO News a restaurant, a kindergarten, a dent of the Czech and Slovak Ghetto in 1941. In 2000, it pub- home for the aged and an Insti- Federal Republic. Later, Butora lished Sasiedzi (Neighbors), by tute of Judaism. It is also trying coordinated a research project Jan T. Gross, about the 1941 to restore synagogues and Jew- based on video testimonies of Jedwabne massacre, which ig- ish cemeteries desecrated during Slovakian . nited countrywide discussion of World War II. Polish-Jewish relations during Butora is one of Slovakia’s * * * the Holocaust. most distinguished sociologists rzysztof Czyzewski, chair- Czyzewski has visited YIVO and political activists. From 1966 Kman and founder of the several times, seeking Jewish to 1969, he edited student and Polish Borderland Foundation, material that could be used in cultural periodicals in Bratis- also visited YIVO. Founded in the Borderland Center's work. lava, Slovakia. After the Soviet 1991 to promote understanding He is interested in projects con- invasion, he was prohibited among ethnic groups, the foun- nected with Poland, such as the from publishing officially and dation is located in Sejny, near book Awakening Lives and the worked in ad hoc jobs. In 1977, the Lithuanian border. Its Bor- EPYC educational project (see Butora refused to sign a procla- derland Center of Arts, Cultures EPYC, page 7). New Book by YIVO Board Member Warren Grover arren Grover, a YIVO sence that shook the city during WNational Board member, those years.” has authored the new book Grover uses archival infor- Nazis in Newark (Transaction mation, newspaper accounts, Publishers, 2003). It examines and interviews to produce the alliances and conflicts among first in-depth study of an impor- Newark’s major ethnic groups tant American community’s re- as they reacted to the growing sponses to Nazism during the Nazi presence in the 1930s. The crucial years of 1933-1941. Nazis book looks at infighting between in Newark is a colorful contribu- the German community’s demo- tion to the history of the period cratic and Nazi factions and preceding World War II. disputes between isolationists ANewark native, Grover and interventionists on whether serves on the boards of the YIVO to oppose Nazism and anti- Institute for Jewish Research, the Semitism. It also analyzes the New Jersey Historical Society, strained relations between the and the Jewish Historical Society city’s blacks and Jews. of MetroWest. He is a founder of According to Grover, ”Nazis the Newark History Society. in Newark is a comprehensive Nazis in Newark is available chronicle of local Jewish resist- from Transaction Publishers, ance, both organizational and (888) 999-6778, for $49.95. private, and it also records the efforts of Newark’s other ethnic Cover of new book by National Board member Warren Grover. groups to fight the Nazi pre-

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 15 16 Sutzkever Abraham Library A color, inalimitededitionof90copies.Colker accompanied byoriginallithographs,somein and Englishtextsof27Sutzkever'spoems containing the Yiddish beautiful folioalbum 90th Birthday) Abraham Sutzkever’s (in Celebrationof Abraham Sutzkever the Trees: Poemsby Sutzkever's poetry. translations of to usehisEnglish gave himpermission Barnett Zumoff, who known translator approached thewell- 90th birthday. Colker the Yiddishpoet’s to beissuedonthe edition ofhispoems kever withafineart Sutz- honor Abraham to create artbookssince1966,Colkerdecidedto forgot his Beneath theTrees: PoemsbyAbrahamSutzkever Album DonatedtoYIVO YIVO News Summer2003 A the , where he ber 1943,Sutzkeverlivedin the Holocaust. two volumesofpoetrybefore United States.Hepublished journals inWarsaw and inthe V organ ofmodernistwritersin contributor to ning in1935,hewasaregular his appeared inprint.Begin- not until1934thatapoemof from the ageof14,butitwas tended school.Hewrote poetry in Vilna, where Sutzkeverat- fled toSiberia,butlatersettled the FirstWorld War hisfamily former partisanfighter. During Yi ), isoneofthegreatest Abraham Sutzkever:Yiddish PoetandPartisan The result is ilna, andtomajorliterary From June1941toSeptem- ddish poets,aneditorand Aleichem ShulintheBronx, andhenever s achild,EdColkerwaspupilattheSholom 1913 inSmargon (nowin braham Sutzkever, bornin mame-loshn , a Beneath Y ung-Vilne . A pioneer inthemovement pioneer . A , the kers ofthe Kaczerginski andotherwor- To icle including thedramaticchron- to hisfriendsintheghetto, poems, whichhethenread Sutzkever composedmany he spentinthe YIVO building serve them.Duringthetime of artintotheghettotopre- books, manuscripts,andworks and intheeveningsmuggled YIVO Libraryduringtheday Brigade), hesortedbooksinthe Club literarycircle. ghetto theaterandleda Youth he chosethematerialsfor lectures andpoetryreadings munal life.Inadditiontogiving was activeinculturalandcom- continued towritepoetryand Tog mb) and Dos keyver-kind ether withShmerke Papir-brigade Kol-nidre College Museumof Art. National MuseuminStockholmandtheBates of Modern Art, PhiladelphiaMuseumof Art, published otherletterpress volumesofpoetryby canbe vieweduponrequest. Library, where it visited YIVO andpresented acopytothe YIVO Abraham Sutzkever. the Trees: PoemsBy frontispiece of signature onthe Abraham Sutzkever’s Under theauspicesofHaybarnPress, Colkerhas (Child ofthe , thegreat (Paper Beneath r duringFeb- the Sovietprosecution inthe appearance asawitnessfor cow, where hestayeduntilhis 12, 1944,hewasflowntoMos- in theNaroch Forest. OnMarch 1943, andjoinedthepartisans V day inOctober1941. “Ghetto 2”on Yom Kippur the liquidationofVilna’s poem inwhichherecounts cultural quarterly. guished Yiddish literary and (The GoldenChain),thedistin- was theeditorof day. For more than40years,he poetry andprose inIsraelto- Palestine. Hecontinuestowrite uary 1946. ilna ghettoonSeptember12, Sutzkever escapedfrom the In 1947,Sutzkeversettledin including theMuseum of numerous museums, part ofthecollections then. Hisartworkis and exhibitingsince and hasbeenteaching tion fellowshipin1960 a GuggenheimFounda- young artisthereceived in New York City. As a and thePrattInstitute and atCooperUnion Arts inPhiladelphia the Universityof in alimitededition. are printedonpaper lithographsand ker’s Norris. All includeCol- Neruda andKathleen Wa Colker hastaughtat lt Whitman,Pablo Di goldenekeyt B brought outbythefollowinganecdote: intimacy inthecity. Thisfeelingofbelongingwas from different areas inPoland.There wasacertain because itspopulationconsistedofJewscoming Baranovitsh wasalsoknownas“LittleWarsaw” a communicationcenterandbusinesscenter. orthePolishMinskbecauseofitsbeing than itsneighbors….ItwasknownasthePolish Baranovitsh waslouder, livelierandmore open tus thecitystoodoutfrom amongitsneighbors. people andamongthemlessthanhalfwere Jewish. ulation). Thepopulationgrew tomore than28,000 1921 there were 6,605Jews(57.5%ofthetotalpop- the Jewishcommunityconsistedof24people.In capital ofthearea. Thecitywasnotlarge. In1897 center. Ittherefore becameknownastheunofficial ry andcommunicationcenteraswellbusiness of the19thcentury[and]…akeystrategicmilita- became animportantrailroad junctionattheend ern city. Also, becauseofitsgeographiclocationit the courseoftenyearsBaranovitshbecameamod- too distantpastconsistedofdenseforests. And in prisons oroldcastles.Itwasacitythatinthenot translated intoEnglishbyYIVOReference LibrarianYeshaya Metal. was remembered inapublishedmemorialbook.Thefollowingisanabstractoftheopeningchapter, Hebrew andYiddish. SomeofthebooksmayalsohaveanEnglishsection.TheshtetlBaranovitsh this includeslistsofHolocaustvictims,survivorsorimmigrants.Mostmemorialbooksare entirely in T lished historiesofEasternEuropean communitiesthatmemorializethetown anditsHolocaustvictims. The YIVOLibraryhasabout500 Baranovitsh: ACommunityRemembered One of500 not playanimportant role inindustryasidefrom in thebusinessdealingsof Baranovitsh.Theydid in providing manuallaboraswell asbeingactive r the Emperor ofRussia/KingPoland, also quarters oftheRussianGeneral-Staff. NicholasII, board. From 1914to1915,thecitywashead- upwards; theywere levelandresembled achess- other. Thestreets didnotflowdownwards or moderate, symmetricandcrossing oneintothe beautifully long,wideandparallelaswell ovitsh waswellconceptualized:thestreets were areas. The blueprintfortheconstruction ofBaran- The snakelikeShosayStreet connectedthethree vitsh, 2)NewBaranovitshand3)thecityitself. entering thecityyoufeltbelonged…. “I amanative. of Baranovitsh:“Where docomefrom?” Heanswered; who traveledfrom citytowasaskedbythepeople esided inBaranovitsh…. ypically, there isanarrativeoverviewofthetown'shistory, culture, institutionsandrabbis.Sometimes Thanks toitsownpeculiaritiesandgreat sta- The Jewishcommunityplayed animportantrole The cityconsistedofthree parts:1)OldBarano- not possessanoldcemetery, oldschools, aranovitsh wasconsidered ayoungcity. Itdid ” Itwasunderstoodthatjustby Y izker -Bikher yizker-bikher inYIVOCollection A beggar (memorial books)initscollection.Thesebooksare pub- 2) thegreat T two great :1)OhelTorah, ledbythegreat was alsoarichcenterofTorah and the RevisionistsandLaborparties.Thecity There were the BundandtheGeneralZionists all therelationships changedfortheworse… lasted untilafewyearsbefore World War II.Then visit Jewishstores andemployJewishlabor. This tionship wascivil.Thegovernmentofficials would the Russianswere therulers. Butoveralltherela- government jobsandenlistedinthearmy… in Baranovitshwere Jews.MostPolesworkedin groups inthemedicalfield.Mostofdoctors the Jewsproportionately outnumbered allother owning afewsawmills.Intheprofessional fields, history stopped withthedeathof12,000 Jews. dynamic, richandcolorful cityisnomore. Its of Belarus. Itsgeographyisasitwasbutthe A Hasidim. TheRebbesofSlonim were Rabbi the largest shtiblthatwasusedby theSlonimer were Rabbi NehemyaandRabbi Alter. Italsohad Koydanover community. Baranovitshwasalso theseatof yeshivas hadgreat influencewithintheJewish of theyeshivawasRabbiMoshehMinder….Both was theonly orah scholarRabbiElhananWasserman …and vraham andRabbiShlomo. The politicalfabricofthecitywasverycolorful. The Polesruled from 1921to1939,andfrom 1939 Baranovitsh oftodaybelongs totheRepublic hasidishe hoyf hasidishe . ThelastRabbisofKoydanov ofTorat Hesed.It yeshiva inLita.Theleader Hasidut . Ithad hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 hHuu† bun' 691 zungr hshgu, pui Yi Baranovitsh photo fromthe A typical zker-bukh.

17 Library YIVO Fellow Anna Lipphardt Exploring Jewish Cultural Memory nna Lipphardt has been “While studying in the Uriel well as with experts from Yid- Anamed the 2003-2004 Maria Weinreich Program in Yiddish dish institutions.” Salit-Gitelson Tell Memorial Fel- Language, Literature and Cul- Lipphardt looks forward to low at YIVO. She is also a mem- ture during the summer of 2001, the fall term, when she will be ber of the Graduate Faculty at YIVO staff introduced me to able to draw from “the Mount

Center Potsdam University in Germany. David Rogow, today the presi- Everest of materials I brought The working title of her YIVO dent of Nusakh Vilne, the one back home” for the seminar Fellowship research is "Vilne, “Jewish Vilna from the Interwar yidishlekh fartrakht/Cultural “I cannot stress Period to the Present” that she Memory and Migration: The enough the value of will be teaching at Potsdam Vilne Diaspora in New York, University. “Our students will and , 1944 to the intense exchange research YIVO’s online picture the Present.” database (“People of 1,000 Max Weinreich with other researchers Lipphardt is exploring the in- of and with active Towns”) for visual impressions terrelation of cultural memory about Jewish Vilna, research the and migration by comparing participants in secular Yugnt-forshung-opteyl, and learn three groups that emerged from Yiddish culture that I about the everyday lives and the one core community — Jewish found through YIVO.” dreams of Jewish teenagers in Vilna —and emigrated to New the 1920s and 1930s, using the York and Israel (mainly Tel Aviv diaries of and and Lohamei ha-Getaot) other YIVO-based materials. or stayed behind in Soviet Lithu- remaining Vilne organization “I cannot stress enough the ania. The central question is in New York. This contact later value of the intense exchange how the former inhabitants of allowed me — a multiple out- with other researchers of and Vilne, who choose different sider — to conduct numerous with active participants in sec- places of residence after the in depth-interviews among the ular Yiddish culture that I found Holocaust, remember — or survivors from Vilna.” through YIVO and the Weinreich Anna Lipphardt forget — their heymshtot, their Then, in the summer of 2002, Program,” Lipphardt concludes. old hometown, within their re- Lipphardt had the opportunity “For someone working in a spective organizations, cultural to explore the wider Yiddish rather isolated situation in Ber- productions and in their indi- topography of New York City lin, these discussions provide vidual memories. In New York as a participant in the Third the intellectual input to recharge City the focus is on the Vilna International Yiddish Research my ‘Yiddish batteries.’ A hartsikn Diaspora. Seminar, co-sponsored by YIVO. dank!” “Apart from being a Vilne ad- “The following months I spent dress itself, YIVO has been and doing archival research at YIVO, continues to be in many respects as well as doing field studies a crucial point of reference for and conducting interviews,” Remember YIVO my project,” Lipphardt explains. she continues. “When I came in Your Will. back this spring as the Maria For information on YIVO Salit-Gitelson Tell Memorial planned-giving options, Fellow, my focus was mainly on please please visit the YIVO newly acquired archival items, web site at www.yivo.org, specifically from the Sutzkever- Kaczerginski and the Vilna or call Ellen Siegel at Collections, and on interviews (917) 606-8293. with the second generation, as Fall 2003 Semester YIVO mourns the passing in December 2002 of Pamela Brumberg, Begins in October Program Director of the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, and former Yiddish classes, Mini-courses administrator of the Max Weinreich Center. Brumberg's support for Call YIVO at (212) 246-6080 Jewish Studies and YIVO and the warm, personal encouragement for a flier and application. she gave to emerging scholars will not be forgotten. Our deepest sympathy to her family.

18 YIVO News Summer 2003 12 Fellowships Awarded New Fellowships Added for 2003 - 2004 welve graduate and faculty Dr. Paul Glasser, Associate Direc- Tfellowships, each carrying a tor of the Max Weinreich Center stipend, have been awarded for and Chair of the YIVO Fellow- the academic year 2003-2004 by ship Committee. “The first is the YIVO’s Max Weinreich Center Workmen’s Circle/Dr. Emanuel Patt for Advanced Jewish Studies. Visiting Professorship in Eastern Center Each fellow will pursue a spe- European Jewish Studies, estab- Dr. Eric L. cific research project in the YIVO lished by the Van Cortlandt Dr. Marcin Goldstein Library and Archives and most Workmen’s Circle Community Wodzinski will then report on the progress House and awarded to Dr. Jack in a public lecture at YIVO. [See the listing of the Jacobs of John Jay College, CUNY. The second, the fellowship winners, affiliations and topics.] Dora and Meyer Tendler Fellowship in Jewish Studies “This year’s YIVO fellows are exceptionally able, established in memory of Dora Tendler, goes to and YIVO has added two new fellowships,” noted Hagit Cohen of Bar-Ilan University.” Max Weinreich RECIPIENTS OF YIVO FACULTY AND GRADUATE STUDENT FELLOWSHIPS, 2003 - 2004 AWARD RECIPIENT AFFILIATION/TOPIC

Dina Abramowicz Dr. Eric Goldstein Assistant Professor, History and Jewish Studies, Emory University Emerging Scholar Yiddish-Speaking Immigrants and the Public Sphere

Prof. Bernard Dr. Marcin Wodzinski Research Centre for Polish Jewry, University of Wroclaw Choseed Memorial The Government of Congress Poland and the Hasidic Movement

Rose and Isidore Susan Roth Breitzer History, University of Iowa Drench Memorial The Jewish Labor Movement in Chicago

Vladimir and Pearl Paula Eisenstein Baker Music, University of St. Thomas, Houston Heifetz Memorial Leo Zeitlin (Society for Jewish Folk Music)

Aleksander and Dr. Sean Martin Adjunct Professor of History, Kent State University Alicja Hertz Memorial CENTOS and Jewish Child Welfare

Vivian Lefsky Dr. Jan Schwarz Visiting Assistant Professor of Germanic Studies, University of Illinois Hort Memorial Yiddish Writers in New York After the Holocaust

Abraham and Eliyana Adler Modern Jewish History, Brandeis University Rachela Melezin Education of Jewish Girls in Vilna Province

Workmen's Circle/ Dr. Jack Jacobs Professor of Government, John Jay College, CUNY Dr. Emanuel Patt Bundist Counterculture in Inter-War Poland

Natalie and Mendel Szonja Komoroczy Faculty of Modern Languages, Oxford University Racolin Memorial Yiddish Culture in Hungary

Maria Salit-Gitelson Anna Lipphardt Graduate Faculty, Potsdam University, Germany Tell Memorial Jewish Vilna in New York

Dora and Mayer Hagit Cohen Jewish History, Bar-Ilan University Tendler Reading Culture of Eastern European Jews in the U.S.A.

Abram and Fannie Gottlieb Dr. Julija Sukys Postdoctoral fellow, Comparative Literature, Immerman and Abraham Northwestern University Nathan and Bertha Daskal Beloved Profession (Ona Simaite) Weinstein Memorial hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 19 20 Archives). Education Committee,aconstituent partoftheVilna Kehillah, 1920s(YIVO Jewish workers’childrenbeing fedunderthesponsorshipofCentral Uriel Weinreich T T to guidebudding Yiddish scholarstoliterary, cul- for the offerings. YIVO hasdevelopedanewworkshop ceremony). and areport onthe many otherimportantarchival collectionsfrom The documentsoftheKehillahshared thefateof was alsoknown,datesbacktothe16thcentury. V YIVO ArchivesCompletesVilna Project Y vating anewcrop ofstudents.Thenextissue Av Sum Village, HongKong;Stockholm;Tokyo; Tel some from farawayasDonetsk,;Tim ram flourishingwithanenrollment of66students, double has justbegun.Thisauspiciousanniversary— Celebrates 36thAnniversary Uriel Weinreich SummerProgram YIVO News Summer2003 edies ilna CommunityCouncil. There are two additions to this year’s workshop There are twoadditionstothisyear’s The Vilna Kehillah,asthisautonomousbody The facultyisnowfocusedonthetaskofculti- iv andHouston,Texas. to arrangeandmicrofilm theRecords ofthe he YIVO Archives hascompletedaproject in Yiddish Language,Literature andCulture he 36thsessionoftheUrielWeinreich Program will includeanoverviewoftheprogram zumer-program khay , ortwotimeslife—findstheprog- siyem-hazman , “Researching in Yiddish,” (graduation at Salant, Director of Yiddish LanguagePrograms, zumer-program games thatreap richpedagogicalbenefits. thorny grammaticalissuesandthecreation of into thecurriculum,utilizationofdrillsfor the integrationof Yiddish videoandaudiosources logical expertiseandexperienceonissuessuchas the sessions,inwhichtheyoffer theirmethodo- back. Veteran facultyofthe had notbeenoffered foranumberofyears,is can beindecipherabletotheuninitiated. re pitfalls. Theworkshopisalsodesignedtotrain tural andhistoricalsources andaround linguistic the Jewish center. Thecollectionincludes records of a portraitofday-to-daylifeinthisimportant which covertheperiodfrom 1800to1940,provide exterminated duringtheHolocaust. The vastmajorityoftheJewishcommunitywas Soviet authoritiesdissolvedtheKehillahin1940. created toreplace theTsedakah Gedolah.The and thevicinity. In1919,theNewKehillahwas communal organization fortheJewsofVilna and religious functions,remained thepivotal T in 1844,buttheorganization thatreplaced it,the Institute inNew York in1947. and finallytransferred tothereestablished YIVO Nazis toGermany, thenrecovered bythe Allies V Preservation Department. aid. Thecollectionwasmicrofilmed bythe YIVO ments andcompiledthenew electronic finding analysis ofRussian, Yiddish andHebrew docu- out by Archivist Vital Zajka,whocompleted the Claims Against Germany, theproject wascarried which willbeofinterest togenealogists. are fragmentary birth,marriageanddeathrecords, Matzah Department, theInterest-Free Loan Office, the Kehillah departmentsincludingtheEducational community. There are alsodocumentsofVilna on the19thcenturyMeatTax leviedonthe Jewish sedakah Gedolah,thoughreduced tocharitable ilna, whichwere pillagedandmovedbythe For informationonhowtoparticipateinthe The Yiddish teacher-training workshop,which The survivingrecords oftheKehillahat YIVO, The Tsarist governmentabolishedtheKehillah Funded bytheConference onJewishMaterial searchers inreading Yiddish manuscripts,which [email protected] hevra kadisha Committee andSocialServices.There in thefuture, pleasewriteto Yankl (Burial Society)anddocuments . zumer-program lead the YIVO, into theAmericansocietyandeconomy. Thatconference wastheleadstoryin consider manyoftheissuesonwhichtheystillfocustoday, namelyquestions related toJewishintegration More than50yearsago,AmericanJewishleadersgathered inNewYork undertheauspicesofYIVOto A HalfCenturyAgoin issue number31,inFebruary1949,whichisreproduced below. Y edies Y edies fun Yivo/News of hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 hHuu† bun' 691 zungr hshgu, pui Y Front pageof February, 1949. edies funYIVO , 21 YIVO in History “How Can I Bear It?” Songs About the Mendl Beilis n 1911, Mendl Beilis (1874-1934), Jewish super- Iintendent of a brick kiln in Kiev, was charged with murdering 12-year-old Andrei Yushchinsky to use the boy’s blood for ritual purposes. The Beilis trial (Sept. 25-Oct. 28, 1913) sparked world- wide protests and his acquittal was celebrated the world over. Beilis emigrated to Palestine and then

Archives the United States. The injustice appears in Bernard Malamud’s novel, The Fixer. This victim of the most notorious blood libel of the 20th century also speaks to us through two songs in the YIVO Music Archives, excerpted below: Vi halt ikh dos oys? (How Do I Bear It?), com- posed by Mark Warshawsky, describes Beilis’s suffering in prison. “‘Vi halt men dos oys?' der yid fregt farvundert. ‘How can one bear it?’ the confused Jew asks. Theologians, learned men, cannot comprehend it; they come forth with sharp protests against the dreadful blood libel. They cry out, they ask: 'How can one bear it?' There, in Kiev, a black gang of ugly criminals murders a child. Mendl Beilis is thrown in prison … accused of the dreadful crime, the terrible blood libel. The tyrant … comes forth arrogantly to incite a wild pogrom. “To sit in the court and hear the charges of the Sheet music of Boris Thomashefsky’s operetta entitled, “The evil … prosecutor, brings hot tears to one’s eyes…. Victim or Mendel Beilis,” New York City (1913). There in the prison, in a dark cell, nightfall comes, like a black curtain. There Mendl Beilis sits … longs … for his wife and children.… He weeps God, You punish me too much! Ikh halt es nit oys! softly and prays, ‘God, please help me! Enough, I cannot bear it!’” The second song about Beilis comes from the 1913 Yiddish play Der Martirer Mendl Beylis (The Martyr Mendl Beilis), with words by Boris Thomashefsky and music by Arnold Perlmutter and Herman Wohl. “Ikh bet aykh, mentsh, rebe, dertseyl es, Umshuldik iz Mendl Beylis. I ap- peal to you, man, rabbi, to relate that Mendl Beilis is innocent … God, what has become of me? I have lost my wife and children … I committed no crime, I worked hard, I carried bricks. Ven hob ikh gekoylet a kind? When did I murder a child?” Besides the material in the Music Archives, the YIVO Archives contain photographs of Beilis and rare letters Russian postcard "In memory of the Beilis Trial 1913" showing the jury, and a cameo portrait of that he wrote to writers and other Beilis (YIVO Archives). prominent people.

22 YIVO News Summer 2003 New Accessions to the YIVO Archives

Featured Collection: Iwo Wesby HISTORY • Judith C. Moroz of the Jewish Historical Society of Musician Saved by Singer Central New Jersey donated 20 scrapbooks of con- temporary newspaper clippings assembled by Louis Schiff, entitled “Events in the Jewish and Zionist World, 1932-1940.” • Seth H. Dubin donated a substantial number of records of the Hebrew Technical Institute, a New York-based boys’ vocational school established in Archives 1884 that closed in 1939. Some records date to 1903. • Bonnie Aidelman donated documentation on the International Synagogue building (which has since been demolished) at the John F. Kennedy Interna- tional Airport in New York City. • Nick Harris donated materials on the Jewish com- munity in Ireland, and YIVO Chief Archivist Fruma Mohrer donated materials on the Jewish community of Montreal. • Yiddish educator Michael Baran donated materials on the Jewish community of Grodno, now in Belarus. • Louis L. Lipshutz donated a Yiddish account written by his father, Jacob, of a Jew murdered in Krivoi Rog, Ukraine, at the turn of the 20th century. The donation includes Jacob Lipshutz’s musical compositions. Iwo Wesby (inset) with sheet music of a shimmy he composed for Hanka Ordonowna. • The Houts and Davidoff families donated the auto- Donor: Harold Siegel. biography of Dr. Ida Fisher Davidoff, a pioneering Wedding photo- researcher of the roles of educated women in Ameri- graph of Lily (now omposer-conductor Iwo Wesby (1902-1961), can society. 95 years old) and Cborn Ignacy Singer in Cracow, worked in • Hannah Truth donated, via former YIVO Librarian Aaron Lefkowitz, prewar Polish musical theaters, films and caba- Nikolai Borodulin, the 1934 charter of Workmen’s aunt and uncle rets. His papers were donated by Harold Siegel, Circle Branch 808, a women’s branch connected to of the donor, a cousin of Wesby's late wife, Eleonor Berliner the order’s School Number 2 in the Bronx. Dr. Chava New York City (1927). Donor: Wesby. They include forged “Aryan” papers, Lapin, YIVO National Board member, gave Work- Lillian Altman. musical compositions, personal documents, men’s Circle materials. photographs and programs of his performances. • YIVO Archives volunteer Wesby was the musical director of Warsaw’s Majus Nowogrodzki donated then-famous “Qui Pro Quo” theater, where he many additional documents worked with such major stars as Hanka Ordo- to the papers of Borukh Shef- ner, a prominent Yiddish nowna (1902-1950), whose CD recordings still journalist and Jewish Labor enjoy brisk sales. Wesby also worked with pop- Bund activist. ular Polish singer Mieczyslaw Fogg (1901-1990), who was active in the anti-Nazi underground, • Wlodka Blit Robertson do- nated a large number of helping Jews to hide on the "Aryan" side of additional documents to the Warsaw, including Wesby, his wife Eleonor — papers of her father Lucjan then a dance teacher — and their daughter Olga. Blit, who was a Yiddish, Wesby was head conductor of the “New English and Polish journalist Azazel” theater in the Warsaw ghetto. Later he and historian, as well as a jumped from a train headed to the Treblinka Bund activist. extermination camp, but even his false papers • YIVO Archives volunteer did not protect him from being caught again Hinda Jacobs donated and sent to forced labor in Vienna. After being Camp Hemshekh Yiddishist- reunited with his family in 1945, Wesby con- Socialist summer camp songbooks and educational ducted orchestras in displaced persons’ camps, materials. eventually settling in New York, where he con- tinued to compose music to popular songs. [continued on page 24] hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 23 24 Struber. Donor: IrisLane lishers (pre-1936). newspaper pub- Jewish “Hassolel” the Palestinian advertising Postcard Archives New Accessions • Specialthanksare alsoto Hannah • SpecialthanksgotoEiranHarris • JudithJaffe donatedlettersand • Tina Ben-Israeldonatedadditional • RaananGeberer donated Ameri- • MiriamZugerdonateddocu- • RoseWeiss donatedapartlyhand- YIVO News Summer2003 of variousbookdonations. documents received there aspart stantial historicalmaterialsand Book Centerforforwarding sub- Donner oftheNational Yiddish the world. ish communitiesinmanypartsof and literarydocumentsfrom Jew- of donationsantiquehistorical of Montreal forhissteady stream pean congregation in New York. Hagodol, theoldestEastEuro- officiated attheBeth Hamidrash Solomon ElchananJaffe, who her grandfather-in-law, Rabbi documents from thecollectionof Archives. interview tapeisalsointhe YIVO Minister MenachemBegin.The band, Shlomo,withIsraeliPrime interview conductedbyherhus- material aboutthe Yiddish radio als relating to and Bruce Ballindonatedmateri- can Yiddish materials, Anarchist Alliance inPhiladelphia. and intheJewishSocialist active intheWorkmen’s Circle . Hewassubsequently activist inRezhitsa(Rezekne), father, Abraham Troop, aBund ments andphotographsofher Belarus, heldinMay1917. on silk,ofameetinginVitebsk, decorated Bundannouncement, radical groups inthe1960s. American Jewish • Dr. Alice KahnLadasgavefamily • JosephLernerdonateda Yiddish- • • MorrisSoridgavesignificant • SandraLaykinddonated,inmem- • EliBotkindonated,viaRebecca F LANDSMANSHAFTN, • Dr. GaryKantrowitz, RuthLem- AMILY ANDGENEAOLOGY Dr. FrancineSobelLaskendonated in 1905. Vie physician anddentist,bornin phy ofDr. TheodorBloom,a donated thedetailedautobiogra- career asapsychologist. Shealso photographs andmaterialsonher Ukraine. ary. ThetownofShargorod isin dent Sharogroder Ladies’ Auxili- inscribed gaveloftheIndepen- Ukraine. lent Society. Solotvinaisatownin First SolotwinerSickandBenevo- the 1960souvenirjournalof Pruzhany islocatedinBelarus. and Vicinity ReliefCommittee. of records additional documentstothe Poland. town ofPilznoisinsouthern Pilzner BenevolentSociety. The membership ledgersoftheFirst ory ofherfather, William Seiden, Cholojow isinUkraine. years 1942to1964.Thetownof Beneficial Society, coveringthe utes oftheCholevarSocialand Patt, theextensive Yiddish min- nated miscellaneousmaterials. pert andMartinLevinsondo- nna, whosettledinNew York [continued from page23] theUnitedPruziner le donated many Yiddish • MichaelGarkave family photographs donated Rabinowicz • MartinRoberts public schoolprincipal. as aNew York City tation ofherlongcareer tographs anddocumen- donated familypho- • Marcy Levinson of Settlement. other townsinthePale Va family, whichlivedin of theGarkave-Dolinski tte silishki, Skidland rs and photo graphs identified, NewYork City(1908/09). Lower EastSide.Personpicturedisnot Miriam Raphael,thedonor, fromthe New Year cardsenttothefamilyof • Irene Gelindonatedadditional • IrisLaneStruber donatedalarge • NormanZelvindonatedaphoto- • Lillian Altman donatedfamily • Alice Canickdonatedfamily • MiriamRaphaeldonatedmany • JacH.Karlandonatedlettersand married. Lodz andRiga before they grandparents conductedfrom correspondence betweenher Jewish motifs. as manyantiquepostcards with ments andphotographsaswell quantity offamilyletters,docu- times ofTsar NicholasI. napped "cantonist"soldierinthe Zelvin, wasadaughterofkid- grandmother, LinaBesprosvanni graph ofhisgrandparents. The active LaborZionists. Poland. Familymemberswere and inbothDobrzynBledow, photographs takenin America postcards withJewish motifs. photographs aswellantique Mt. Vernon, New York. graphs from Gomel, Belarus and Goldstein-Bobrow family photo- Goldingen, Latvia. family andthetownof photographs oftheFeitelberg (now inBelarus) in1930. re taken duringvisitsof American latives inWarsaw andSmargon • Aviva Benemy donated a 1936 Leib and to the Yiddish essayist Yiddish letter written from Haifa Joseph Kissin. by her father, Joseph Adler, • Dr. Jeanne Anderson donated let- describing the political situation ters written by the Yiddish novel- in . ist and playwright Fishl Bimko to • Allen Standard donated a letter vaudevillian Philip Carr. written to his grandmother, which • Bert Chernin gave many letters informed her that a cousin had from the Yiddish actor and can- perished in Auschwitz. tor Noah Nachbush and from • Kallia H. Boxer donated family the Yiddish novelist and poet photographs taken in Bialystok, Lamed Shapiro. Included in this

Poland, during the Tsarist period. donation are three unpublished Archives Nachbush recordings. • Faith Goldman donated docu- ments about the emigration of her • Hershel Post donated, via Lyn husband and father-in-law from Slome of the American Jewish China. They were Jewish refugees Historical Society, Yiddish and Zypora Spaisman appearing in a Folks- who were able to leave China Hebrew manuscripts written by bine Theater production of "Hard to be a only in the late 1950s. his father, David, who was active Jew" by , New York in the Labor Zionist Alliance and City (1995). Photo: Carol Rosegg. Donor: other organizations in . HOLOCAUST Ben Spaisman. • Harold Siegel donated the papers • Paul Liebhaber and Beverly Feren of the Polish-Jewish theatrical was donated by his son, Solomon made separate donations of ma- composer and conductor Iwo Makon. terials relating to current Yiddish cultural activities in Florida. Wesby and his wife, Eleonor. • Eva Zysman gave manuscripts of (See featured collection.) The her slightly fictionalized short papers include forged identity stories, written in English, based MUSIC AND THEATER documents. on her experiences in Nazi- • Ben Spaisman donated the exten- • Carol Wilson of the Swiss Benevo- occupied Europe. sive papers of his mother, Zypora, lent Society donated documents • Manfred Weininger and Dr. who for nearly half a century was about the survival of Ria Lopes Christane M. Pabst jointly do- a star of the Folksbine Yiddish Cardozo, who had Swiss citizen- nated their work on Sergeant Theater in New York. This ship through marriage though she Anton Schmidt, who paid with donation includes many audio was born and lived in Holland. his life for aiding the resistance and video performance tapes. The documents also pertain to movement in the Vilna ghetto. • Morris Wyszgorod do- Lopes Cardozo’s unsuccessful nated additional materials effort to save her family. • Professor Manuel Sanudo of Queens College/CCNY donated for the papers of • Rachel Klein donated additional the extensive Abraham H. Berman the Yiddish- documents on her family’s intern- collection of educational materials English stage and ment on a Danube river barge and on the Holocaust. Dr. Lawrence film actor Leib in a Hungarian detention camp; Nessman donated his own col- Lensky. after an 18-month struggle, they lection of similar materials. • Professor managed to reach the United Nahma States in November 1939. • Ziemowit Fedecki donated, via Regina Paul-Bloxham, selected Sandrow gave • Professor Dov Levin donated Nazi proclamations about Poles audiotapes of substantial additional materials hiding Jews and lists of those exe- interviews of to his papers, which mostly re- cuted for doing so. Yiddish actors late to the Jewish community in she conducted Lithuania during the Holocaust. in the course of her research for • Isidor Friedman donated his LITERATURE, LANGUAGE her history of detailed account in Yiddish of AND CULTURE the Yiddish survival in the Komi Autonomous theater. Republic in Siberia, to which • Felix Shuster donated the papers many Polish Jewish refugees were of his father, Joseph, co-editor of • Yiddish actor David Rogow do- Sidor Belarsky in deported during World War II. Soviet literary monthly Sovetish nated additional documents to the the title role of Heymland, one of the world’s collection of his papers already Mykola Lysenko's • Harry Demby donated materials leading Yiddish publications for preserved in the YIVO Archives. "Taras Bulba," about his survival in the Siauliai four decades. Joseph Shuster presented by the ghetto in Lithuania. eventually emigrated to Israel. • Beatrice Ringel donated the pa- Russian Opera pers of her husband, Cantor • The Yiddish account in poetic • Rochelle Lederman Abelson do- Irving Ringel, who served con- Company, New form of Simon Makon’s survival nated a letter from the Yiddish gregations in New York City and York City (1930s). in several ghettos, and of his poet Ruvn Aizland addressed Donor: Isabel escape from a train to Treblinka, jointly to the Yiddish poet Mani [continued on page 26] Belarsky. hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 25 26 Nowogrodzki. Donor: Majus in NorthAfrica. photo wastaken during WWII.The British army serving inthe from Palestine Jewish soldiers Archives • MorrisI.Gerberdonatedpub- • PaulineDoynowdonatedamanu- • Claire Stadtmauer donated • ChanaMlotek, YIVO Music Archi- • MurielKaplandonatedmaterials • IsabelBelarskydonatedmany • MichaelEzerdonated,via Yev- • Vivana Brodey donatedthelarge New Accessions YIVO News Summer2003 anthologies ofJewishmusic. lished Jewishsheetmusicand composer of Yiddish artsongs. sitions. Golubwasaleading script ofSolomonGolub’scompo- father ofthe Yiddish theater. operettas by , sheet musiceditionsofvarious archivist. Moses Kligsberg, alongtime YIVO known musicalcompositionsby vist, donatedmanuscriptsoflittle- singer andfolkloristRuthRubin. rela several ofhis Yiddish recordings. nation are record mastersof Belarsky. Includedinthisdo- papers ofherlatefather, Sidor additional documentsforthe dish followingStalin’sdeath. son toperformpubliclyin Yid- Epelbaum, possiblythefirstper- the Soviet Yiddish singerMikhail genia Sheinman,thepapersof a musicinstructor inNew York. Jewish andotherchoirs,aswell solo singerandmemberofseveral sister MariannaEstherBrodey, a Jewish musicalcollectionofher recordi compositions andunpublished . Thepapersincludehis ting tothe Yiddish-American ngs. • MarilynDornhelmdonated Yid- • Carolyn Tobias gaveadditional ART ANDARTIFACTS • Andreas Schmitgesdonatedafull • Recordings ofJewishmusicwere • MarkGladstonedonatedaphoto- • JudithBrinIngberdonatedher • GidalyDorfmandonatedvarious Baskin. an originallithographbyLeonard W and atHoward University in of buildingsinNew York State whose workispartofanumber was primarilyamuralistand band, Abraham JoelTobias, who materials onthecareer ofherhus- touring Germany. about klezmermusiccurrently set ofstoryboards from anexhibit tion inPotomac,Maryland. W Schachner andEllenShare ofthe tor Dr. CarlRheins,Dr. Chana Forman), YIVO Executive Direc- Leopold, Abe Liebling(viaEdith Hopkowitz, ShirleyLeids,Moshe Evelyn Eber, Ann Golub,Gladys r donated byMyrilBennett Axel- music. music andrecordings ofJewish Yi grandmother, Sonia,whosangin graph andanaudiotapeofhis caust. Jewish dancersduringtheHolo- unpublished studyofthefate festivals inEurope. programs ofrecent Jewishmusic od, EstelleandLouisBaron, ddish choirs,aswellsheet ashington, D.C.Shealsogave ashington Hebrew Congrega- [continued from page25] materials about thecareer • BarbaraKlion donated Yi Jewish folklore and Kaplan derivedfrom Soviet artist Anatoli sets oflithographsby Ruthchild donatedthree • Professor RochelleG. in Vienna in1910. Society YiddishCulture sung bythe Academic the lyricstoadozensongs century. Shealsoincluded second halfofthe19th Central Europe inthe silversmith activein Dornhelm, aprominent dish lettersofBaruch ddish literature. • Margaret SiegalWeiss donated a • IlsaWagner donated660 master VISUAL FILM, PHOTOGRAPHICAND • JuliaD.Friedeldonatedatallis • YIVO HeadLibrarian Aviva • FloraSteinmangavethepapers • YIVO NationalBoard member • Dr. EdyKaufmandonatedapos- • JanetteandDannyLesser, via An- extensive genealogicalmaterials. Ukraine. Hergiftalsoincluded hometown ofZborow, nowin Siegal, ofhis1936visitto film madebyherfather, Morris equipment. as wellothermaterialsand 500 recordings ofJewishmusic, ticians. Shealsodonatednearly with American andIsraelipoli- tainment andincludeinterviews encyclopedia ofJewishenter- programs constituteaveritable Wa and hostedbyherhusband,Gary television program produced tainment Hour,” aNew York videotapes of“TheJewishEnter- with himfrom Russia in1907. Louis Desgun,mayhavebrought and setoftefilinthatherfather, in New York. from theJewishNational Fund Mogen Dovid Astrinsky donatedanantique slaughtering knives. includes asetofantiquekosher pervisors Union.Thedonation President oftheRabbinical Su- authority on Molod, a of herfather, RabbiHymanL. writer Yitskhok LeybushPeretz. the deathoffamed Yiddish 1941 onthe19thanniversaryof poster publishedinMoscow Martin Peretz donatedalarge Oskar Schindler. Holocaust rescue activitiesof ter commemoratingtheheroic London in1945. of Yiddish Culture posterfrom dreas Schmitges,gaveaFriends did notsurvivetheHolocaust. was publishedonpostcards. He Goldberg, muchofwhosework of theWarsaw-based artistChaim gner, from 1965to2002.The shoykhet -shaped aidappeal kashruth , published and the • Yakov Kopelansky donated, at • Victor and Norah Mayper donated • Fay Bloom Itzkowitz donated ear- the recommendation of Prof. Dov prewar photographs of the town ly photographs of Yiddish schools Levin, videotapes he made during of Rumsiskes, Lithuania. in New York and others of her fam- trips to Vizhun (Vizuonos) and ily in Losice and Goniadz, Poland. • Madeleine Okladek donated a neighboring towns in Lithuania. photograph of the Nesher soccer • Rhoda Newman donated photo- The tapes include the donor’s nar- team, taken in the town of Warta, graphs of her mother, the Yiddish rative about the area’s Jewish pre- Poland, in the 1930s. writer and diarist Hannah Safran war communal life and its fate Bially, whose papers are on depo- during the Holocaust, both of • Leo Hershkowitz donated a pho- sit at the YIVO Archives. Fellow which he personally experienced. tograph relating to the American Yiddish writers and journalists Joint Distribution Committee's • Minna Packer donated a video- are also pictured. activities in Brest Litovsk (now tape entitled “Back to Gombin.” in Belarus) from the early 1920s. • Rose Fogel donated photographs Archives The town is located in Poland. of the Borokhov Labor Zionist- • Professor and Toby • Oscar Berland donated a video- oriented school taken in 1938 in Appleton made a joint donation tape of the Modicot Yiddish Pup- Lodz, Poland. Also included were of a set of post-war photographs pet Theater, established by the photographs of the displaced per- of Lublin, Poland. painters Yosl Kotler and Zuni sons’ camp in Feldafing, Germany. Maud. It was active in New York City in the 1930s. • Bernard Aptaker donated an edu- cational video about the Holo- caust entitled “Why Us?” • Carin Evans and Michelle Bein- hacker jointly donated, via Hal Lewis, several feature films made in the 1930s and 1940s, including “Dream of My People,” which starred Cantor Yossele Rosenblatt. The gift is in honor of their grand- father, Philip S. Lewis. • Special thanks to Larry Geismar for donating two VCR machines designed for the handling of 3/4- inch tapes. • Livia Turkel donated 55 rare, high-definition glass lantern slides of the town of Rezhitsa, A delegate from the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee registers needy Jews for relief in Latvia, taken in the 1920s. Brisk, Poland (1920s). Donor: Leo Hershkowitz. WWI JDC Representative Frank Rosenblatt’s Collection Available he life of Dr. Frank Rosenblatt (1882–1927), took him on American tariff law, wrote extensively under the name Tfrom his scholarly family in Lapin, a small shtetl in of Ben Yakir for the Yiddish and English press, and in Russia, to the United States, and then back to Russia as a 1915 was elected general secretary of the Workmen’s representative of the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). Circle. In 1919 he was appointed JDC representative in The Rosenblatt archival material, donated by his grand- the Russian Far East. daughter Emily Ford, focuses on his experience with the With the political order in Russia in flux at the end of JDC. It includes reports, minutes of meetings, newspapers , Rosenblatt sought to help the Jewish popu- and a vast correspondence, mostly from officials of the lation recover after suffering through the war, pogroms, JDC, United States and Soviet government agencies and murders and the continued fighting of the White armies. family correspondence with his wife and children. He also collected documents, newspapers and other ma- The son of a merchant and Talmudic scholar, Rosenblatt terial reflecting the general situation in Russia, with a seemed destined to follow in his father's footsteps and special emphasis on the Jewish populations. become a rabbi. After studying in yeshivas and a secular In subsequent years he established the Frank Maurice high school, he was influenced by Zionist and socialist- publishing house, where he served as president. Solomon Bundist ideas. Facing arrest, he escaped to Switzerland, Krystal, long-term YIVO National Board member and and moved to the United States in 1903. volunteer, arranged the collection. For researchers and He worked in a New York shop while continuing his historians of this period, the archival material in the Dr. studies, graduating in 1910 from Columbia University Frank Rosenblatt Collection holds many original items with a Ph.D. in philosophy. Rosenblatt became an expert and is a rich source of information.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 27 28 YIVO Donors T F Ernst &Young Datascope Corporation Hyman andRitaCohen Eliane Bukantz Beate andJosephD.Becker American StockTransfer Company Y Diane andMarkGoldman Gittis FamilyFoundation Elizabeth andMaxGitter Michael J.Fuchs Jerrold P. Fuchsand JaneHarvey Rosa andDavidM.Polen Ann andIrwinJacobs Dibner Fund,Inc. David Berg Foundation Access Industries Righteous PersonsFoundation Conference onJewishMaterial Charles H.RevsonFoundation,Inc. Atran Foundation,Inc. YIVO News Summer2003 $1,000 -$4,999.Thisissuerecognizes donorsof$5,000andabovefrom June1,2002-May31,2003. Katherine andGeraldD.Cohen Carol andLawrence Saper Leah andMichaelKarfunkel George Karfunkel Howard Gittis Halina andSamsonBitensky David Dibner Emily andLenBlavatnik Claims AgainstGermany, Inc. AB Industries,Inc. vette andLarry Gralla Jewish heritagethrough theirgenerous support.Inthelastissue, Yedies acknowledgedgiftsof he YIVO InstituteforJewishResearch thanksthefollowingdonorsforhelpingtopreserve our D G G G Stanley andEthelGlenFamily Diane andJosephS.Steinberg Enterprises,Inc. SDA The NashFamilyFoundation Smart FamilyFoundation Francesca andBruceSlovin Ruth andDavid A.Levine Lehrer McGovernBovis Lancer Group Ronald I.Kravitz Kekst andCompanyIncorporated Jesselson Foundation HSBC BankUSA Fanya GottesfeldHeller Harry andCeliaZuckerman H.G. FeldmanCharitableFoundation Andrea andWarren Grover Greystone &Co. and Jeffrey Glen Rosina K.Abramson Foundation S. DanielAbraham Dr. EdwardL.Steinberg Helen andJackNash Cindy andDavidStone Michael Lauer Carol andGershonKekst Linda andMichaelJesselson Erica Jesselson Mark Zuckerman Foundation, Inc. Dorothy andDavidRothbart Stephen Rosenberg IFTS IFTS IFTS NR OF ONORS OF OF OF $25,000 $50,000 $10,000 AND AND AND A A A $5,000 BO BO BO VE VE VE Estate ofLillianKatz Cathy andSeymourZises W V Starr Foundation Morris andAlmaSchapiro Fund Salo W. andJeannetteM.Baron Charles J.Rose Drs. ArleneandArnoldRichards Anna andDr. MartinPeretz Doris andMartinPayson Open SocietyInstitute Jacob Morowitz The MaxandAnnaLevinson Estate ofArnoldSisk Estate ofPearlHeifetz The RobertWood Johnson Estate ofIsraelM.Zeligman Motl Zelmanowicz V Community House T Foundation, Inc. Foundation Stuart Schear Foundation era Stern an CortlandtWorkmen’s Circle oby andBernardNussbaum achtell, Lipton,Rosen&Katz AND A BOVE Herman KaiserFoundation Ulla andDr. StevenF. Harwin Nathan Goldstein Carl Glick Ellen andBudGibbs Friedman, Billings,Ramsey&Co. Claire andJosephH.Flom Caryl andIsraelA.Englander Bernice andDonaldG.Drapkin Caren andDr. Arturo Constantiner Stanley Chais Sharon andJeffrey W. Casdin Edgar M.Bronfman Edythe andEliBroad Lotte andLudwigBravmann Ann andKennethJ.Bialkin Beyer BlinderBelle Bank ofAmerica Anonymous J Randolph M.Nelson Kindy andEmanuelFriedman Richard Blinder A YIVO Welcomes Texas HighSchoolStudents European JewsinTwo Worlds of theirvisit,thestudents,allfourth-generationJewish-Americans,eachreceived asaconfirmationgiftcopyof history andmission.BradSabinHill,DeanoftheLibrary, gavethematourofthe YIVO Rare BookRoom. At theend from theConservativesynagoguemetwithExecutiveDirector CarlRheinswhotoldthemaboutthe YIVO Institute’s on theJewishLabor Bund. One oftheTexas studentsviewsphotos from YIVO’s recentexhibition UNE to placesofbothJewishandsecularinterest inNew York andWashington. Overcookiesandsoda,the14students confirmation classfrom Congregation Agudas Achim in Austin, Texas, visited YIVO duringitsspringbreak tour ,2002–M 1, , editedbyDeborahDashMoore (NorthwesternUniversityPress/YIVO, 1990). Rebecca E.Rieger R.A.K. Group, LLC Lionel I.Pincus Philipp Brothers Chemical,Inc. Ronald O.Perelman Rebecca PattandAvram Patt Harold Ostroff New York Metropolitan Reference Jonathan I.Mishkin Betty andLeoMelamed Carol andEarlI.Mack Carolyn andStevenKotler Susan andJerome L.Katz Matthew H.Kamens J.P. Morgan Chase&Co. Jewish GenealogicalSociety Kenneth M.Jacobs G Randy Kohana Jack Bendheim and Research LibraryAgency Anne andWilliam B.Harrison,Jr. IFTS AY OF $5,000 1 2003 31, AND A of treasuredbooks andmanuscriptsinthePreservation Laboratory. YIVO ExecutiveDirector Dr. CarlRheinsdemonstrates therestoration BO VE W V V V Sharon andFred Stein Carol A.Stahl Samuel J.Silverstein Joan andRichardJ.Scheuer Sanders Morris&Harris W Frances Weinstein Claudia andWilliam Walters Estate ofBernardSchepartz Zantker CharitableFoundation,Inc. Harry M.Reasoner Charitable Trust V Don Sanders Myra andDr. HermanTreitel Jacob Waisbord Joseph H.Miller Landberg Dr. LouiseCrandallandWilliam inson &ElkinsL.L.P. ictor &MonicaMarkowicz alerie CharlesDikerFund,Inc. aisbord Family est EndFinancialAdvisors,LLC alerie andCharlesDiker hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 hHuu† bun' 691 zungr hshgu, pui East 29 YIVO Donors 30 Joanna Lisek Letters Readers areencouragedtowriteYIVObyregularmailore-mail. ' Identity oftheArtisticGroup October 30,2001,explored "The at YIVO.Herlecture, heldon Salit-Gitelson Tell Fellowfor2001 versity (Poland)wastheMaria Dr. JoannaLisekofWroclaw Uni- Alumni Updates YIVO News Summer2003 dish Culture (EPYC)atYIVO. to theEducationalProgram onYid- for 2002andalsoaconsultant Hort MemorialFellowatYIVO (Lublin, Poland),theVivian Lefsky Sklodowska-Curie University Adamczyk GarbowskaofMaria tion reviewer wasDr. Monika In theWinter 2002issueof adventure. It wasagreat, unforgettable enjoyed mystayinNew York. V ania andtheJewishMuseumin Central State Archives ofLithu- includes materialsfrom the YIVO. Mydissertationalso opportunity todoresearch at incomplete ifIhadn'thadthe that mythesiswouldhavebeen for yourhelp.Iamfullyaware for publicationandanaward. dissertation wasalsosubmitted by theexaminationboard. My Y ilnius. Whatismore, Ireally I wishtothankyouoncemore ung-Vilne .'" Lisek’s disserta- of on thehistory monograph finished my that Ihave inform YIVO I amgladto unanimously were accepted and thedefense the dissertation exam, andboth (A) gradeinthe got averygood dissertation …I I defendedmy Three weeksago Yu Sincerely yours, ng-Vilne Joanna Lisek . Letters toYIVO Director. (SeeEPYC,p.7) and Dr. Adina Cimet,the Project and professionally with YIVO close relationship …personally hope thisisthebeginningofa materials backtomystudents.I training andtobringvaluable sible formetoattendtheEPYC you somuchformakingitpos- people YIVO hastooffer. Thank lum andmeetwiththebest grapple withinspiringcurricu- study withengaginginstructors, changed mylife.Iwasableto tunity —onethatsurely has truly wonderfullearningoppor- have provided mewithsucha How doIeventhankyou? You Great EPYCTraining and useful. of 50yearsagowasappreciated will indicatethatthescholarship known asHy. Ihopethatthis I am as ChaimBerman,buthere Minnesota. Iamlistedin lished mybookonJewsof nesota HistoricalSocietypub- In addition,lastyeartheMin- studies at YIVO andColumbia. participants continuedtheir States. Someofthoseseminar on dam in1987,Itaughtseminars and attheUniversityof Amster- University ofMunichin1985 As avisitingProfessor atthe University ofMinnesota. have beenonthefacultyof from Columbiaandsince1961I 50 yearsago.Igotmydoctorate of a YIVO scholarshipgranted Y edies I amstillamemberof YIVO. Y idishkayt ,I amlistedasarecipient Sameya HelenGewirtz Director ofEducation in theUnited * * Te Hyman Berman mple BethAm Seattle, WA (via e-mail) Y edies you. Noappointmentisnecessary. YIVO archivist ondutywillassist probably takeninYiddish. The cemetery map.Theminuteswere r the years1956-1970,financial tains theconstitution,minutesof file, symbolRG918.Thefilecon- the B’naiRezitzaAssociation,Inc. The YIVOArchives doespossess this townto America. on thosewhoimmigratedfrom accessible asIamdoingresearch are in,andIwonderiftheyare know whatlanguagetherecords (Russian until1917).Idonot grants from Rezekne,Latvia rated in1927byJewishimmi- founded in1893andincorpo- B’nai Rezitza,a I amlookingforinformationon Requests pp. 287-290 ve-Estoni’yah Vo caust information aboutthecamp: The followingsources contain closure, etc. photo, datesofconstruction, find ablueprint,description, transcripts butIamunableto have foundmanyoralinterview tion CampinRiga,Latvia.I on theKaiserwaldConcentra- I amtryingtolocateinformation Bobeh); pp.227-231 Bobeh, A.Kremer); pp.337-338 zikaron ecords, correspondence anda 3) 2) 1) 4) l. 2,pp.777-778 Yi Pinkat ha-Kehilot:Latvi’yah Encyclopedia oftheHolo- Y (Israel Guttman,ed.); ahadut Latvi’yah:sefer dn inLetland (ha-orkhim B.Eli’av, M. Sophie Wilzig-Garcia * * * * (‘orekh Dov Levin); landsmanshaft Lavi S.Soloway New York, NY (Mendl (via email) Letters to YIVO

Letters should be sent to YIVO at 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301 or via e-mail to [email protected]. Requests Thanks YIVO Mission 2003 I am trying to locate records of For the last two months, I have Because my maternal grand- the Kalischer Lodge #59, which researched Chaim Zhitlowsky at mother and grandfather came Letters was based in New York, and the YIVO library. I am writing from Latvia and Lithuania which some of my ancestors to thank your library and speci- respectively, this trip had great were members of. fically Herbert Lazarus, who meaning for me. It far exceeded Raymond M Simpson not only introduced me to the my expectations. It was a pre- (via email) intricacies of the YlVO catalogue cious opportunity to connect system, but also took an interest with the Jewish communities in The YIVO Archives has the in my project. It is not easy to the Baltic nations and in Moscow following records on Kalisz: photocopy from old microfilms, as well, and to learn, first hand, 1) Kalisher Social Verein and he patiently showed me how vibrant these communities, 2) Kalisher Landsmanshaft and how to cope with them. His which went through so much in Vicinity, Workmen’s Circle Branch collegial attitude has made my years past, are today. My trip- 361: Non-Partisan Relief search both more efficient and mates added so much to this Committee. more pleasant. experience, and I am grateful Sincerely yours, to YIVO for organizing this * * * Karen Rosenberg outstanding effort. My grandmother was from Montclair, NJ Joan D. Levin Konin and contributed family Chicago, IL pictures to the Konin Memorial Book. I would like to visit YIVO and look at the book, but would need assistance as I don’t speak or read Yiddish. Bess Kirnie Photo by Joan D. Levin Syracuse, NY

The YIVO Library has the Konin Memorial book. Our reference librarian will assist you with the Yiddish.

* * * Thanks I am writing my dissertation on travels in and the press and I spent almost the whole month reading periodicals on microfilm at the YIVO library. I am grateful to Yeshaya Metal YIVO Mission 2003 at the memorial in Rumbula Forest, near , Latvia, where 25,000 Jews from and Herbert Lazarus. Without the Riga Ghetto were murdered on November 30 and December 8, 1941. their help I would not have been able to find as much material as Join YIVO’s e-mail list I needed for my research. Keep on top of the latest news from YIVO. Find out about programs and events Zayt gezunt, not advertised in our regular calendars and newsletters. Learn about new features Paola Sannino Queen’ s University and resources added to our web site. To subscribe to YIVO e-mail, use the “Send Us Belfast, Northern Ireland Your Feedback” link on our web site: www.yivo.org.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 31 T b˙ T Tn†k pui hshgu, g rucrhe g hHuu† sgr xyuyae†uu/ bjuo pui l l T T r r P P a a Tn†k"/ pui , , u u g g h h s s h h I rucrhew b˙g T t˙i nhr phri bungr sgo hi v†y tuhl mudger†di T e†kgemhg Pgrzgbkgfg e†kgemhg T mudger†di tuhl v†y T pTr b†l t˙bdgphry rucrhe sh †y ngi v†y gbdkha )tuh; t s†eungbyi ≈ tuhy†ch†drTphgxw y†dchfgrw crhuu/ y†dchfgrw tuhy†ch†drTphgxw ≈ s†eungbyi sgr thbygrgxhri uugy khhgbgrx tubszgrg Tz vTkyiw nhr h†ri/( sgr bungr v†y tuhl T m†k zgkygbg p†y†drTphgx/ zgkygbg m†k T tuhl v†y bungr sgr 14 bun' pui agr-ckgyk s†x Phbeykgfgrw tuhxmudw uu˙ygrshegr tuh; zhh egi ngi zgi: hHshag ehbsgr Pkhyho tuhpi ruhngr p†ruow ruhngr tuhpi Pkhyho ehbsgr hHshag zgi: ngi egi zhh tuh; 1591(/ )hubh 7491` dTkhmhag rchho tuh; T muzTngbp†r thi Puhkiw 7391` Puhkiw thi muzTngbp†r T tuh; rchho dTkhmhag 7491` hHshag e†kgemhg druhxgr T uugdi egPk s†x thz zgy ng uuh cTxTrTcgr hHsi cag,i jurci` c†xbhgr hHshag pruhgi pui sgr pui pruhgi hHshag c†xbhgr jurci` cag,i hHsi cTxTrTcgr mudger†di/ sgn†ky v†y hHuu† sgr uu†x m˙yarhpyiw tui m˙yubdgi gxyr˙fhagr ≤eupv` T jsr thi eTxTckTbeTw nTr†e†` tui b†l/ tui nTr†e†` eTxTckTbeTw thi jsr T ≤eupv` gxyr˙fhagr hHuu† sgr v†y ≤eupvw b†fnkjnvshegr sgr thi m˙yw hgbgr mu dgPrUuuy murhecTeungi uu†x ngr pui z˙i uuhkbgr e†kgemhg/ thi sh thi e†kgemhg/ uuhkbgr z˙i pui ngr uu†x murhecTeungi dgPrUuuy nTygrhTki uu†x sgr hHuu† sgr uu†x nTygrhTki v†y chz sgn†ky cTeungi sgn†ky chz v†y v†y †cgr dgpgky sgr dgpgky †cgr v†y Prgxg-Trfhuu` thbgo bun' thbgo Prgxg-Trfhuu` 14 sgruuhxi nhr zhlw Tz zhlw nhr sgruuhxi 14 Isgr s†zhegr ckuhz ]thz ckuhz s†zhegr Isgr auhi[ thi T druhxgr n†x druhxgr T thi auhi[ pTrpuky dguu†ri"/ pTrpuky tubyi thz rgPr†sumhry thz tubyi yhhk pubgo agr-ckgyk pui agr-ckgyk pubgo yhhk h h s s cag≤u m˙yubd sgr w uu†x thz uu†x w g g n n h h y y a a g g a a h h s s H H h h Truhx thi 0191 thz rhdg thz 0191 thi Truhx )sgn†kyheg ruxhag )sgn†kyheg thnPgrhg(w tubygr sgr tubygr thnPgrhg(w rgsTemhg pui cgk- pui rgsTemhg njaçu,/ Pubey uuh Fngy uuh Pubey njaçu,/ Tkg m˙yubdgi thi sgr thi m˙yubdgi Tkg ahhfshegr e†kgemhg thz e†kgemhg ahhfshegr sh T her-vnmhtu,/ T sh cFkk v†y sgr bun' 14 14 bun' sgr v†y cFkk T akk nhy thbygrgxTbyg nhy akk T b†yhmi/ x'thz zhl mubuhp- zhl x'thz b†yhmi/ dgeungi sgr shrhey†ri- sgr dgeungi rTy tuh; thcgrmU†r- tuh; rTy dTbhzhri sh hHuu†-thbxyTbmiw sh dTbhzhri uu†ri hurhsha thz sgr hHuu† sgr thz hurhsha uu†ri b†l Tk. dguugi thi sgr thi dguugi Tk. b†l cjhbv pubgo Tn†khei pubgo cjhbv Tn†Pyhhkw thhsgr sgr zh. sgr thhsgr Tn†Pyhhkw thz thi 0491 Trhcgr pui Trhcgr 0491 thi thz uuhkbg ehhi bhu-h†re/ ng bhu-h†re/ ehhi uuhkbg ar˙cy tuhl uugdi hHuu†- uugdi tuhl ar˙cy †Pyhhki thi k†bs†i tui thi tui k†bs†i thi †Pyhhki ngexheg/ uu†x ahhl PuckheTmhgxw ahhl uu†x thz mu hgbgr m˙y Truhx T Truhx m˙y hgbgr mu thz w w r r g g y y g g k k c c - - † † u u u u H H h h cTbs b˙gr x'thz auhi x'thz / XXXIVI c' †bdgeungi Ti †Pru; tuhpi †Pru; Ti †bdgeungi b†r uu†x Truhxdgeungbgo uu†x b†r r r g g a a h h s s H H h h r r g g s s i i u u p p r r m m u u t t

y YIVO News Summer 2003 khygrTrhagr †uuby kFçus Ihubd-uuhkbg" kFçus †uuby khygrTrhagr r r g g b b k k h h u u u u pui rgsTey†r sgr rhhzgiw tuhl zhl v†y gr Tcxurs/ dguu†ri thz Tçrvo sgrdrhhfy ygd h b˙gx ` nav eukcTew sgr P†gy tui P†gy sgr eukcTew nav ` d d † † y y sgo ak†di mu pTrn†xyi auugr h†r/ 09 z˙bg xumeguugr s kgrgr` tui nTex uu˙br˙lw sgr uu˙br˙lw nTex tui kgrgr` 1001 †bar˙cbshe uugkyrge†rsw kTbd bhay tuhl x'thz b†r dkhhciw mu phk†k†d tui †bphrgr pubgo hHuu†w uuh hHuu†w pubgo †bphrgr tui phk†k†d uuh jusa! thhi pui nal thi khsgr pui h†rm˙y 12xygr sgr tuhxdgpTki tuhl sgr drhbdgr pui sgr ehbsgr- sgr pui drhbdgr sgr tuhl cgkhxw a/ ar˙cgr sgr x'sgrmhhky mu- ehhi bhay thz g"v/ drTsg jhho cTuugdubd Ichi"/ x˙ xumeguugrw x˙ xumeguugrw x˙ Ichi"/ cTuugdubd z˙bg thi dgegbyw tho v†y uu†x v†y v˙h†r nTr. 3yi sgo uu†x pTkw khhzgr uu†k; zgbgi dguugi Teyhuu thi Teyhuu dguugi zgbgi uu†k; khhzgr )uuTragw i i g g n n g g k k c c † † r r P P i i u u t t i i y y g g r r y y r r † † P P khygrTrhai T surfdgphry hHuu† sgr Ichi"` aPgygr thz xumeguugr dguugi xumeguugr thz aPgygr Ichi"` sgo mu zhl uuh bhay If'uuhhx 4691(: Ihubd-uuhkbg"w druPg sgr kzFrui †uuby Ti TxPhrTby c˙o hHuu†/ c˙o TxPhrTby Ti y†r Tzuh Tz b†rw f'uuhhx cTmHgi/ Tk. muuhabnk- thi dgTrcgy v†y uu†x sgr muuhhygr v†y dgrgsy s"r dgrgsy v†y muuhhygr sgr bhay/ ngi tui 9391 chz 9291 pui Puhki jnvshei zun†;w uu†x gr v†y Truhxdgdgci v†y gr uu†x zun†;w bhay?' ngi y†r I'uu†x thz z˙bgr nhydkhs kgmygr sgr uu†x gykgfg chfkgl tuh; gbdkha nhy sh nhy gbdkha tuh; chfkgl gykgfg ar˙ci'/ phk I'Tzuh Tkhhi/ xumeguugr yTeg uugre pui akuo-gkhfow dkTyayhhiw akuo-gkhfow pui uugre Truhx- thz tubygrbgnubd sgr c˙ mçh t˙zbnTi tuiw pTrayhhy zhlw pTrayhhy tuiw t˙zbnTi mçh dgz†dy s†x thz uuh uu†x? I'pTr hubdgr sgr rgpgrTy T nhy dgyr†yi xumeguugr tui nhrTbxeh/ gr v†y gr nhrTbxeh/ tui xumeguugr bhay zhh f'euugya dguu†ri? )xnhy- eTnh sza†xyhi Pr†pgx†r phrdgkhhgby pTri guko z˙bg thcgr- z˙bg guko pTri phrdgkhhgby thz e†P thi phbdgr/ pui tuhx sgr uugdi nTxTyauxgyx(/ e†kgszaw zgmubdgi pui gykgfg khsgr xumeg- khsgr gykgfg pui zgmubdgi vu- gx chbay†e/ T nhr c˙ sgr dgrgsy v†y thcgrzg.-eubxy uugrx nhy gykgfg nakho nhrTbxehx/ nakho gykgfg nhy uugrx ygngx/ nhy khsgrw nhy szagy cgrk s"r thcgrzgmgr cTeTbygr gr v†y tuhl Trundgrgsy sh Pr†c- sh Trundgrgsy tuhl v†y gr bhay?' ngi y†r uu†x pTr v†y p†rzh. sgo dgphry zun†;/ kgngi thi a˙fu, nhy thcgrzgmi tui thcgrzgmi nhy a˙fu, thi kgngi bgny mguuTrgny/ zhl v†y Igr thbh- sh bTskgr/ Tvri-khhc Pr†p' dguu†rby sgo gukow Tz Tphku sg- Tphku Tz gukow sgo dguu†rby 's†x ayuhxi/ b˙g TruhxmHgi dgeungi thz †uuby sgo pTr mhTyhuu n†ky uugi sgr njcr kgcy tui ng tui kgcy njcr sgr uugi n†ky tui Iyr†meh yrTdgshg T thz egi zhl nhy tho gmvi thz ngi bhay ngi thz gmvi tho nhy zhl egi pui r†nTi T s†x xyTkhi"w thi dTbmi cTuu†rby pui T ygu,/// T pui cTuu†rby dTbmi thi pTbyTxyhag s† hudby-kgciw muo xu; v†y ngi dgzgi sgo phko sgo dgzgi ngi v†y xu; muo P†gngxw srTngxw r†nTbgiw w kuhy drTsgx cTrhnygr drTsgx kuhy w The Quarreluarre The zhl x'v†y uuhpk zgxyw sgrmhhkubd In˙i erhd nhy vhra nhy erhd In˙i sgrmhhkubd †bdgekhci!' rTxhhbgr"/ thi z˙i Tr˙bphr muo phko muo Tr˙bphr z˙i thi rTxhhbgr"/ chi thl bhay? uu†x pTr IyTegw v†y Pr†p' bTskgr sgrmhhky uugdi sgrmhhky bTskgr Pr†p' v†y mgrusgrygr"/ T tho pui Truhx z˙bg cTdgdgbhai nhy drTsgi tui drTsgi nhy cTdgdgbhai z˙bg sgr- tuhl v†y rgpgrgby sgr tho zhhgr uuTrgo tui rhrbshe †Pdg- rhrbshe tui uuTrgo zhhgr tho sgr ≈ eTyagrdhbxeh uugdi mhhky n†ky/ drTsgw sgr hahçv-cjur tui hahçv-cjur sgr drTsgw n†ky/ yh; dguugi thz uu†x thhbmhegrw ≤knhs-nuçve pubgo jzui-thaw thz jzui-thaw pubgo ≤knhs-nuçve csrl-Fkk P†khyhew thi Tr˙bdgy†i xu;-Fk-xu; Tuuge pui ≤urv-kgrbgi pui Tuuge xu;-Fk-xu; eubxy pui dgvTkyi druPg sh v†y pTruuTkyubd- drhbcgrdgrw h†xk pui Ihubd-uuhkbg"w 0391gr h†ri/ pui h†ri/ 0391gr tui Tr˙i thi Ihubd-uuhkbg"/ b†r gr b†r Ihubd-uuhkbg"/ thi Tr˙i tui sgr xumeguugrw uugdi eubxy` kao hHuu†/ pubgo nhydkhs thz bgcgl dgckhci T mgaP†kygbg T dgckhci bgcgl thz dgarh- v†y gr uu†x eTnhw Pr†p' grayg ≈ rgfyx hHbdxygr pui sgr druPgw sgr kgm- sgr druPgw sgr pui hHbdxygr kguuhiw nav rhh: banv ≈ c˙ cbh-≤urv thz gr ngr gr thz cbh-≤urv c˙ ≈ banv uugdi cag≤u shxgryTmhg z˙i ci ygr aygri thrgr` uugdi drTsgw sgr drTsgw uugdi thrgr` aygri ygr gpr†iw ahhbg bhay dguugi thi sgr vhhow b†r vhhow sgr thi dguugi bhay thi tuhpdguu†exi thz uu†x thhbmhegr Pryhn- T dgdgci v†y Ihubd-uuhkbg"w eTvTiw anaui muuhai uugkykgfg ar˙cgrx v†y gr v†y ar˙cgrx uugkykgfg muuhai uu†x tui xçhçv prungr ayTre T dgahfyg sgr thcgr thcgrckhe shei xumeguugrw rjk tuhl bhay dgpubgi ehhi ru/ nhy z˙i nhy ru/ ehhi dgpubgi bhay tuhl sgr thi dgkgrby kTbd h†ri v†y sgrn†by v†y gr druPg/ sgr pui nhfy†o/ ci-mhui thhdgbgo Tuugedhhi pui sgr hahçv sgr pui Tuugedhhi thhdgbgo thz gr thhsgr hahçv bTuuTrgsegr xumeg- ≈ ar˙cgrx cTeTbyg Tkg rhh: muuhhyg v†y gr ehhi n†k bhay akuo dg- akuo bhay n†k ehhi gr v†y uu†x kguuhiw uugdi P†gy` T dguu†ri eTyagrdhb- angreg drTsgw uugrw angreg nTfy/ Tzuh Tz z˙i Ierhd"w uuU sgr uuU Ierhd"w z˙i Tz Tzuh nTfy/ pui pTbyTzhg T tuhxdgyrTfy v†y nhrTbxehw Pr. eTvTiw anaui xehw eTyagrdhbxehw ngr bhay dkhhchegr Ijhho uuhkbgr" Ijhho dkhhchegr bhay ngr 9392"` Ih†r t"y nTrx tuhpi hHsi uuh uu†dkgrw tkjbi tui kguuhi nav Tçrvo ygbvy zhl tuhx nhyi b†l Tk. pru- Tk. b†l nhyi tuhx zhl ygbvy gr- sgr v†y uu†x uu†dkgrw uugdi xumeguugrw rjk ehbxykgrx sh tuhl tkjbi xumeguugrw ngi vhra rTxhhbgrw auhi b†fi hHshai b†fi auhi rTxhhbgrw vhra ngi chfk thhdi Ti Truhxdgdgci aygr t"T/ nhfy†o ci-mhui fuu†kgxw rptk jhho uu†dkgrw drTsgw khhzgr drTsgw jurci thhr†Pgw thz thi sgr tn,i T tn,i sgr thi thz thhr†Pgw jurci nakho- sgo nhrTbxehw uugdi khsgr` †Pdg- zhl gr v†y Tkgngi pui ngr uu†k;/ erhd muuhai sgo hubdiw b†l Tk. b†l hubdiw sgo muuhai erhd ar˙cgr/ sgr uu†k;w khhzgr tuh; aygky prungi drTsg nhyi auhi gkygriw auhi nhyi drTsg prungi tuh; †Pdgaygky tuhl zhl v†y gr tui druPg sgr pui Iaygri" graygr IeTkhg"-dguu†rgbgo drTsg/ IeTkhg"-dguu†rgbgo sh druPgw sgr pui PuckheTmhgx sh khhzgr fTrTeygr/ T nhy ngbya T T Fkkw Ti †uuby uu†x ng'y kTbd ng'y uu†x †uuby Ti Fkkw T 4391- pui g g b b k k h h u u u u - - d d b b u u h h zaurbTki sr˙ nhy tuhxdgmhhfby zhl v†y uu†k; dgsgbegi! zkni ≈ nurh-srl zhhgrg tuh; 53-63` x'y†d-ygdkgfg uuU khsgrw PTs†shag hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, j tubszgrg hHshag Iuu†rmkgi" hHshag tubszgrg uu†rmkgi dgbszgbg †sgr vhbgrag anTk. tui anTk. vhbgrag †sgr dgbszgbg thhbmheg sh z˙i †py pkgdy cukcg cTeTby auhi Tuusth thz khhgbgrx tubszgrg e†fi s†x thi v†cgrbg druhPi/ dguuhx druhPi/ v†cgrbg thi s†x e†fi bhay x'z†k IthcgrmufTPi"w tuh; zTl thz gr TcrTn†uuhya/ vhra b†ngi sgr v†y ngi pui sh ebhhskgl dgvTy ngr dgvTy ebhhskgl sh pui ngi v†y s†l ngi v†y Tdç vTrmi"/ thi ImHgi sh thi dguu†ri sgrn†by n†k kgmyg ' x vbtv uuh pui c†ncgx/// pui uuh vbtv dguuT- Ibhay gxi dgegby cukcg sh thz ' x uugi 9991( zungr 881w ' )bun , , u u g g h h s s h h w sh w Profiles o ost of a Lostof WorldProfiles Truhx T bTmh†bTkgr ntfk thz dguugi thz ntfk bTmh†bTkgr T z˙i humt tui vgby" sh agbgrvhhy - - b b U U u u u u a a r r T T p p z˙i pui thcgrzgmubd gbdkhag IPuxyg pha"w uu†x T aPTxgr T aPTxgr T uu†x pha"w IPuxyg Prh Icurt crfv eurmgr sgr nhy 8591(/ )cugb†x-t˙rgxw i i y y k k T T y y a a g g d d g g b b g g s s s†rphagr Tdr†b†o v†y tpar TzT tpar v†y Tdr†b†o s†rphagr dguugi thz uu†x ngkvw sh v†snv"/ ITfh- Trcgy z˙i s† thz cgbs chhsg thi b†ngi dgdgci Fsh mumudgci ngr mumudgci Fsh dgdgci b†ngi cukcgw sgr pui ergshy sgo tuh; dgsruey )≤jhk, " khyg thi hHsi c˙ ku, TPgyhy/ IPuxyg pha" thz cTayTbgi thz pha" IPuxyg TPgyhy/ )Izubyhe y†d hgsi †bdgvTkyi v†y 1591(/ bhu-h†rew 1w ' c w g g y y h h k k zTnkcul thi pui mgabhygbg †Pdga†cgbg eTr- †Pdga†cgbg mgabhygbg pui pui tTz"uu cukcg" n†byhe cukcgw sgr pui tuhxmudi thcgr nhr sruei s† y†pk )thi khyg v†y ngi dga†ciw ngi v†y khyg )thi y†pk p†kexkhs(/ T uugdi zhl rgsy ' x uuU Trcgy s†zhegr uuhfyhei hHshai uu†rmkw sh cukcg/ sh cukcg/ sh uu†rmkw hHshai uuhfyhei bhay dgahhkyw eTry†pkw gx z†k gx eTry†pkw dgahhkyw bhay ni nhi T dguugi tuhl thz cukcg sh bhay dTbmi thi Tdçw nhrw v†ci aPrTl jkhkv bhay Tuuge thi bhuug. mu phk mu bhuug. thi Tuuge bhay jkhkv dg- v†y ngi uugkfg pui khygw thi m†k T dgphbgi s† thr uugy dgchyiw pui sgr cukcg(/ ngi v†y ehhi mhcg- ehhi v†y ngi cukcg(/ sgr pui pTrahhsgbg dgnTfy yTeg tui e†by ' rgs ≈ shTkgeyhzngi/ khyuuhag kg pTr Puxyg pha bhay dgzaTkg- bhay pha Puxyg pTr kg tuhxmurgfgbgi auugr x'thz ntfkho/ T c˙ kgci pui yhhk drgxyg h uugyw tuhl T chxk mudgpgpgry/ chxk T tuhl uugyw uu†x cukcgxw pui e†nchbTmhgx Tkg thz hHsi khyuuhai surfabhykgfi s uuhbygrm˙y pkgdy ngi Tr˙bdgci ngi pkgdy uuhbygrm˙y zhhgr cTbumy/ v†ci hHsi khyuuhag sh Prbxvw stdu, nhy pTrbungi dguugi anTk.w zungr ≈ T ayhek Puygrw ayhek T ≈ zungr anTk.w c†b- dgcTeyg dguugi zgbgi P†Pukgr druh- T pTrbungi v†y rujbhu, †cgr xngygbg †sgr anTby )xngyTbeg(/ anTby †sgr xngygbg ngrxyi dgdgxi gx v†y ngi sgx/ danhu, pTri kgci/ dTbmi thi †ry xi yhhk thi eTkyi thi yhhk Ish †cgr m˙y/ uuhhbhegr dguugi thz muayTbs/ †cgr muayTbs/ bhay p†ry ngi egi banv IbTagrx" )vhy IbTagrx" bTyhrkgl ngi v†y tuhxaP˙gi"w zhl pui sh pui zhl Tkgngi c˙ bhay †cgr gxi/ dgnuzy Tn†kheg d†r T c˙ uu†x/// ≤nhs dguugi thz khyuuhag thz gnl pui pTnhkhgx m†k vhPagr bTagrx!( v†ci bTagrx!( Pr†ckgo/ T dguugi s†x khc dgvTy T dgvTy khc t˙bpTl/ zhhgr dguugi thz gxi s†x vhhxg c†bsgw vhhxg muuhh tuh; cTzhry dguugi thz gx uugr rgsy nhy rgsy uugr cruhy auuTrmi ≈ vuhPy-Tryhekgi xngygbg †sgr xngygbg thz Tryhek srhygr sgr cukcgx/ tui nhy T ayhek T nhy curhegx nhhby s†x Izuhgrx"w dguugi Puygr )†cgr Puygr sgr ayaTuu/ eruhyw )c†ray(w s†x v†ci zhl v†ci s†x †py dguugi thz uu†x hHsw khyuuhagr dge†by sgrkuhci dge†by v†y ≈ zhlw kdch Iehcgmgr" T vhra pTr- pha Puxyg ngi pkgdy †py pTnhkhgx(/ cTkgcTyhag r˙fgrg sh zhl thcgr Tr˙i c†rs thi dganhhfky TcrTn†uuhya aP˙z(/ )thhi Iuugyagrg" pTr bumi cukcgbg Tkg pui Inkl" sgr ngåv T sgrmhhky nhr v†y ≈ Tkhhiw nhy z˙bg naPjv z˙bg nhy mu duyg-pr˙bs pTrrupi pkgdy ngi sh yhhdgf./ T dguugi thz ntfkho sgr thi v†y uu†x hHauçbhew T uugdi )0291gr h†ri(/ pui h†ri(/ )0291gr vgkpi †Py†i T busbg Trcgy ≈ uuh ≈ Trcgy busbg T †Py†i vgkpi ngi v†y eTry†pk mgrhcgbg huo- T dgdgxi huo-FhPur grç prh rgfyx: yTnTrTw rgfyx: pkhei pgsgri ≈ sgrc˙ pkgdi Tkg pkgdi sgrc˙ ≈ pgsgri pkhei mg- ngkw chxk T nhy t˙bdgnhay vhraw shbvw TbT shbvw vhraw tui ergPkgl vuiw n†km˙y: yuçshei †byhhk-bgngr gxi Puxyg phaw uu†x phaw Puxyg gxi †byhhk-bgngr Tr˙bdgnhay mhcgkgxw crgekyg gr mh thow prgdy uu˙c s†x mhngx/ Tkg khyuuTegx v†ci Tzuh khc dg- khc Tzuh v†ci khyuuTegx Tkg pTi T thi Tuugedgaygky tui Puygr ITuusthw ntfkho/ sh nhy muprhsi thz vTy/ tuhl pkgdy ngi sgrkTbdgi ngi pkgdy tuhl vTy/ †sgr cruhy nhyi muzTngi tuhuui thi zuhgrx chxk T †i †cgr grw gbypgry zuhgrg eruhy/ b†fi †Ppkhei T 3Ω4 T †Ppkhei b†fi eruhy/ zuhgrg mgrh- sh pui tuhuui/ vhhxi T thi x≤o bhay"/ ngbya ehhi d†r thl chi agv pgsgri v†y ngi dgdgxi nhy dgdgxi ngi v†y pgsgri agv eTry†pk- tuhxdgsrheyg tui cgbg dguugi thz cukcgx sh pui r†k sh TPgyhy sh dgpgpgryg Puxyg pha/ Puxyg dgpgpgryg sh TPgyhy ekhhbg dgnTfy tuhl ngi v†y yhhd cT- sgr thi drgxyg sh pui thhbg cfkk thz zhl ehhi ekhhi-aygyk- ehhi zhl thz cfkk dgdgxi v†y ngi uugkfg ebhhskglw hHsi/ khyuuhag sh pui aP˙zubd shegr hHs bhay cTdTbdgi †i thhdgbg †i cTdTbdgi bhay hHs shegr )zuP(/ dgegfyx nhkfheg thi 2Ω3 †py dgdgxi ngi v†y cukcgx Idgzgmyg" cukcgx/ v†y gr dgvTy gr v†y cukcgx/ Idgzgmyg" sgo pui nTfi ngi pkgdy uuhbygr mu- pTrahhsgbg thi y†d T n†k T dgryk †sgr T d†ryi kgci z˙i kgci d†ryi T †sgr dgryk T )ngi ebhhskgl druhxg eTry†pk-yhhd )nhy dge†fyg dga†cgbgw ≈ ayTbsi ayucw †sgr T chxk uu˙ygr pui uu˙ygr chxk T †sgr ayucw Ic†ncgx"(/ rupi: n†k T gx pkgdy tui dgcTeyg pgpgr(w tui mhcgkgx ayucw v†y gr s†ryi pTrzgmy s†ryi gr v†y ayucw †bphki ebhhskgl sh ngi pkgdy †py )ckuhz dge†fyg IPgkmkgl" nhy thhdgbg cukcgx/ thhdgbg mhcgkgw mgvTeyg v†cgrdrh.w nhy dgcTeyg T dge†fy(/ tui †PdguuTai z YIVO News Summer 2003 kumhTi ckhy-e†kgemhg thbgo Trfhuu thbgo ckhy-e†kgemhg kumhTi chckh†yge-Trfhuu sgr thbygrbTmh†bTkgr sgr gr v†y xyTkhi-ahe†rxeh-†PnTl pui Pr†- †bdhhgbsheg sh pui hhbgr x†mhTkhxyhagr cTuugdubd tui sgr tui cTuugdubd x†mhTkhxyhagr Puhkhagr sgr thi †bdgak†xi zhl s†x thz cubs-Trfhuu thi hgeyi t gbdkhagr khhc†r-PTryhh` gbdkhagr thrTi surl ≈ tui ruxkTbs thi Trnhh e†kgemhg sh x†ryhri tui TbTkhzhri crhuu pui hHshag zgkbgr thi sgr thi zgkbgr hHshag pui crhuu • dgeu- xu;-Fk-xu; ≈ PTkgxyhbg tui pui PTPhri tui crhuu s†eungbyiw pui Puhkhagr Trnhh` Puhkhagr gbdkTbs/ ehhi ngi ckhy/ kumhTi cg, sh nkjnv-h†ri thi k†bs†i thi nkjnv-h†ri sh cg, dguugi thz b†ngi ckhyx kumhTi †phmhgkg e†rgxP†bsgb. nhy e†rgxP†bsgb. †phmhgkg • †rdTbgi pui sgr Puhkhagr dku,- Puhkhagr sgr pui †rdTbgi nhydkhs T dguugi ckhy kumhTi thz tui aygy sh pui hHsi sh cTeTby duy rgdhrubd` thz gr cubs-sgkgdTmhg/ sgr pui Puhki/ pTrnkjnvshei pui aygykgl dguugi T cTdTcygr rgsbgr tui rgsbgr cTdTcygr T dguugi mgb- pui nhydkhs T dguugi thz gr nTbuxerhPyi pui chfgr tui chfgr pui nTbuxerhPyi • PTnpkgyi` aPhdkgi PTPhri z˙bg tui ar˙cgrw cubshagr sgr pui yrTk-e†nhygy †P Ti tuhxgrdguuhhbykgl Teyhuuehhy tuhxgrdguuhhbykgl Ti †P T Imueubpy"w hudby-†rdTbhzTmhg rTsh†xerhPyi )thi gbdkha tui gbdkha )thi rTsh†xerhPyi • dgchyi: pTrahhsgbg tuh; hudby- x†mhTkhxyhai pui nhydkhs Puhkha( pTr Truhxyrgyubdgi thi Truhxyrgyubdgi pTr Puhkha( m˙yubdgi pTr Tryhekgi mgbskhegr kgmyg sh thi ≈ tui thbygrbTmh†bTk sgr ch-ch-xh` sgr • tui zaurbTki tuh; hHshaw s˙yaw hHshaw tuh; zaurbTki tui rTynTi T ≈ nkjnv sgr pTr h†ri gbdkhaw Puhkhaw ruxha` ruxha` Puhkhaw gbdkhaw pTrcgyubdgi tuh; pTrahhsgbg tuh; pTrcgyubdgi • Trgx- ay†yrTy/ uuTraTuugr thi tubygrbgnubdgiw e†bpgrgbmiw tubygrbgnubdgiw tunm†kheg kgemhgx tui rgpgrTyi` tui kgemhgx tunm†kheg • P†khmhh x†uugyhagr sgr surl yhry zhmubdgi` tunegri dgPrUuuy zhl v†y gr cg, T druhxgr nTbuxerhPy uugdi z˙bg uugdi nTbuxerhPy druhxgr T • dgzg- gr thz uuhkbgw pui uuTrag ehhi †bsgbeuuTrd pui Tkg nhbho/ Tkg pui †bsgbeuuTrd • ruxhag sh thi thcgrkgcubdgi xi thi ruxhag ≤phxu, tui auugr tui ≤phxu, ruxhag thi xi sh e†kgemhg thz Ti tn,gr tumr tn,gr Ti thz e†kgemhg sh kTdgri` tui ≤phxu, dgTrcgy thi ruxhag Trcgyx-kT- ruxhag thi dgTrcgy pui nTygrhTki pTr p†ragrx pubgo p†ragrx pTr nTygrhTki pui T pTrmuu˙dyg e†rgxP†bsgb. nhy e†rgxP†bsgb. pTrmuu˙dyg T • xnl tuhpi cTpr˙ubd z˙i b†l dgri/ s†zhei Pgrh†s/ s†zhei pui Pgrzgbkgfehhyi cTeTbyg duy Ti thbygrgxTby jxhsha chfk jxhsha thbygrgxTby Ti †sgr thi dTbmi bhay ehhi bheus ehhi bhay dTbmi thi †sgr s†zheg sh muuhai uuhkhTnxcurd/ †sgr uuhhbhegr uuh x'p†sgri sh x'p†sgri uuh uuhhbhegr †sgr tpar x'thbygrgxTbyxyg thz ebhu, ≤ebu,/ sgr tuhxkhhd thz muo yhhk muo thz tuhxkhhd sgr ≤ebu,/ uu†x ]Tzuh[w r r g g y y r r g g u u u u k k h h p p g g d d dguugi s˙yangrhaw nhy ayung ghbx tui ghbx ayung nhy s˙yangrhaw )†i hårtk cbh-crew thi Truhx x'thz vtgiw †cgr b†r muo yhhkw bhay yhhkw muo b†r †cgr vtgiw nj- sh ar˙cy Tr˙bphr thbgo h†r(/ tuhxdgvTkyi/ tuhl thi pTrdk˙l nhy pTrdk˙l thi tuhl tuhxdgvTkyi/ pui mhk sgr Tz nrdkh,w mhkv crygw sh bhu-h†regr PuckheTmhgx thz PuckheTmhgx bhu-h†regr sh aPrTl sh cTr˙fgri s†x thz cul yaheTuugw uu†x sh njcryg bhmy njcryg sh uu†x yaheTuugw ehbsgr sh pui zhl( pTrayhhy )hHshaw bhay ehhi Tbdkhmhzngi mh gçrh≤hz- mh Tbdkhmhzngi ehhi bhay tuhxmusrhei hfuk, zhhgr tui cFkk ngi ≈ uuh ng zgy tuhpi chksw knakw chksw tuhpi zgy ng uuh ≈ ngi thku- r˙l thz x'cul cpry/ dgphki zgbgi sh ygrnhbgi Tkg hHshag/ Tkg ygrnhbgi sh zgbgi rgsi z†k ehbs s†x Fsh xyrhryw s˙yangrhzngiw uuhsgrw thz h† s† T s† h† thz uuhsgrw s˙yangrhzngiw uugdi cTkgcTyhaehhyw sgr uugdi xl/ sgr drTnTyhagr nhi thz tuhl thz nhi drTnTyhagr sgr xl/ tui yTyg-nTng nhy cTmHubdgi sh x x † † s s w w h h s s w w r r g g s s nhy ≈ b†rnhry bhay sh uugdi ehbsgrw Tbsgrg sh nhy zgbgi zhh bhay auuv-cauuv/ auuv-cauuv/ bhay zhh zgbgi tTz"uu/ huo-yuçho pubsgxyuugdi thz ek†rw Tz s†x Tz ek†rw thz pubsgxyuugdi chfk T thi uu†x yaheTuug x'thz cul thz T duy nhyk mu kgrbgi nhyi kgrbgi mu nhyk duy T thz cul tuhl zhl rgsy dgphkuugrygr uugdi ehbs uuh Tzuh zhl mu phri tui uuh Tzuh uuh tui phri mu zhl Tzuh uuh ehbs T bhmi xTkTyw mudrhhyi uugdi mu rgsi sgruugdi tuhl/ sh hHuu†- sh tuhl/ sgruugdi rgsi mu sgo thi pTrTi / ts"dk aruhpi-mHgr chckh†yge vTky thi sgrdTbmi tui sgrdTbmi thi vTky chckh†yge knakw aPrTfeurh†zi/ tuhl chfk pTrcgxgri thrg zTnkubdgi pui sgr pui zTnkubdgi thrg pTrcgxgri dgsruey thz ygexy dTbmgr sgr , , u u g g h h s s h h bungr prHgrshei hbgo v˙bm˙yhegr jxhshagr khygrTyur jxhshagr v˙bm˙yhegr e†bx†- Tkg )tubygr bheus puki nhyi tuh; †Pdgsrueyw dguugi thz t tuh; hHsha/ nhr v†pi mu cTeungi mu v†pi nhr hHsha/ tuh; sh kuhy uuh ngr xl T s"vw ≈ bTbyi( uu†x sgow uugdi cTrhfy T gbdkhaw b†l T xl Tzgkfg thbygrgxTbygw Tzgkfg xl T b†l s† cag, tuhxkhhdw hHshai pui ≤ebu, zgbgi hHuu† pui chckh†ygegrx muuhh e†khrheg jxhshag kgrbchfkgl/ jxhshag e†khrheg sruei jxhshag sh bhmi bhu-h†re thi thi chfkgl jxhshag euhpi dgp†ri

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, u x'pgryg h†r hHsha- h†r x'pgryg

uu˙br˙l-mgbygr xgnhbTr TeTsgnhagr sgr hHuu† v†y hHuu† sgr 7 surdgphry hHuu† sgr v†y 2002-3002 pui nal hi thbhmHHry T thbhmHHry sgr thi tubyi tuhxdgrgfby hHshaw tuh; xgnhbTri t PgrnTbgbyg mgbygr sgo sTbe tubszgr tuhxsrhei uuhki nhr yTcgkg/ tuhxaygkubd t"b tuhxaygkubd Pgxbhkuuhhbhgr c˙o ayushgx hHshag vgfgrg pTr Itubszgr vhhn- Itubszgr sTbe T tubsz/ nhy muzTngbTrcgyi pTr tubhuugrxhygy ay†y uuhkbg"w ay†y kgmyg sh tubsz c˙ Truhxyrgyi dgegby v˙h†r v†ci tho mudgdrhhy pubgo mudgdrhhy thbgo h†r dTb. T zhl cTyhhkhei zhh uu†x rgpgrgbyi*w phr pTrcTbs pui uuhk- pui pTrcTbs mgbygr/ Pgbxhkuuhhbhgr c˙o xgnhbTr xPgmhgki bgr hHsi thi sh thi hHsi bgr thi sgr xgrhg v†y tuhl dgphry T xgnhbTr Pr†p' xgnhbTr T dgphry tuhl v†y xgrhg sgr thi pTrthhbheyg ayTyi Ibuxj ayTyi gbdkhaw tuh; tubhuugrxhygy(w )≤k-†çhçgr Pur, shbv uuhkbg"w uu†x zh uu†x uuhkbg"w v≤pumu," Ich, pui tuhpeuo sgo tui e†uubgr Tct uugdi bgny Truo mgbs- Truo bgny sh Pur,w Pr†p' v†y sgrmu xgPygncgr(/ 62xyi )sgo khegr p†y†drThgx khegr 2002- ygk xTkhy-dhygkx†i nTrhT t"b xyhPgbshTbyhi pui pTrnkjnvshei pui benv IhHshag ts"y pgcruTr 52xyi sgo dgrgsy 3002w uuhkbgr hHshai kgci/ kgci/ hHshai uuhkbgr zhkcgrw nTre†x s"r uugky-nkjnv"/ muuhhygr sgr b†l uuh sgr xyhPgbshTby t"b shbv TcrTn†uuhya 2002-3002w TcrTn†uuhya shbv t"b xyhPgbshTby sgr uuh b†l rgzgruuTmhgx b†l ts"y xgPygncgrw 01yi sgo rgpgrhry tuhl v†y ekhbdyw z˙y nujkw z˙y ekhbdyw uugky-nkjnv/ graygr sgr cg, hHsi pTr tuhy†b†nhg †i 0806-642 )212(/ 0806-642 †i

xgnhbTriw 2002 -3002 2002 xgnhbTriw Tgrsg ygng rgsbgr sTyg

81yi †ey†cgr Pr†p' aknv thhsgkcgrd )hahçv-tubhuugrxhygy( hHshaehhy c˙ thmhe nTbdgr thmhe c˙ hHshaehhy )hahçv-tubhuugrxhygy( thhsgkcgrd aknv Pr†p' †ey†cgr 81yi

22xyi b†uugncgr thuu h†fb†uuh. )bhu-h†regr tubhuugrxhygy( vgrguusheg Faru, )uugdi gxbuuTrd gxbuuTrd )uugdi Faru, vgrguusheg tubhuugrxhygy( )bhu-h†regr h†fb†uuh. thuu b†uugncgr 22xyi tuh; hHshag rTsh†-xyTbmhgx( hHshag tuh;

42xyi hTbuTr crul xhbh vhkk )hHuu†( ao unkfu, ckaui Fbgi: T yaheT- T Fbgi: ckaui unkfu, ao )hHuu†( vhkk xhbh crul hTbuTr 42xyi uugr nhbvd tuh; sh agr-ckgygr pui pui agr-ckgygr sh tuh; nhbvd uugr xprhow xu; 81yi-†bvhhc 91yi h"v 91yi 81yi-†bvhhc xu; xprhow

41yi pgcruTr *Pr†p' mçh dhygknTi )nhahdTbgr tubhuugrxhygy( uu†x vhhxy z˙i T hHs? e†bmgPmhgx e†bmgPmhgx hHs? T z˙i vhhxy uu†x tubhuugrxhygy( )nhahdTbgr dhygknTi mçh *Pr†p' pgcruTr 41yi c˙ v˙byheg ruxhag tui tuerTHbh- tui ruxhag v˙byheg c˙ ag hHsi ag

41yi nTr. *cbhnhi n†x )xygbp†rsgr tubhuugrxhygy( I≤rcu,qeukyurTqeukyur" thi sgr sgr thi I≤rcu,qeukyurTqeukyur" tubhuugrxhygy( )xygbp†rsgr n†x *cbhnhi nTr. 41yi rguu†kumh†bgrgr ≤eupv: sh tubygr- sh ≤eupv: rguu†kumh†bgrgr bgnubd IhHshag eukyur" thi thi eukyur" IhHshag bgnubd nhzrj-thhr†Pgw 7191-1291 nhzrj-thhr†Pgw

61yi n˙ *s"r nTre†x zhkcgr )≤k-†çhçgr tubhuugrxhygy( nkufhagr xyTyux pTr sgr hHshagr hHshagr sgr pTr xyTyux nkufhagr tubhuugrxhygy( )≤k-†çhçgr zhkcgr nTre†x *s"r n˙ 61yi aPrTl cnal sgr graygr uugky- graygr sgr cnal aPrTl nkjnv

03xyi n˙ *s"r bjnv-P˙g euuhby )Pgbxhkuuhhbhgr tubhuugrxhygy( d†kspTsgbx e†nhag uuhzhg thi z˙bg thi uuhzhg e†nhag d†kspTsgbx tubhuugrxhygy( )Pgbxhkuuhhbhgr euuhby bjnv-P˙g *s"r n˙ 03xyi grayg †Pgrgygx grayg

v YIVO News Summer 2003 Truhx pui srue pui Truhx hHuu†-ckgygr cTbs b˙gr

tui p†keeukyur v†ci d†r bhay uu†x bhay d†r v†ci p†keeukyur tui tuhx- Tz bhayw b˙gx ehhi x'thz dgarhci uugri auru, sh ag, uu˙br˙l-mgbygr zhl mu agngi bhay Tegdi kaui- Tegdi bhay agngi mu zhl †i ≤nhs pui thz p†ke s†x p†rai cTbs b˙gr T srue pui Truhx thz c eusaw bhay Tegdi sh kTbs-aPrTfi sh Tegdi bhay eusaw sh hHuu†/ c˙o vuhPy-guçsv T dguugi sgr thi pgrygr sgr w r r g g y y g g k k c c - - † † u u u u H H h h tui -eukyuri/ thz tuhc sgr euuTk pui euuTk sgr tuhc thz -eukyuri/ tui pTr- auhi v†ci tubszgrg rtaubho †bdgvuhci zhl v†y uu†x xgrhgw b˙gr sgr bTmh†bTkgr eukyur thz s†x thz eukyur bTmh†bTkgr sgr n†sgrbhzhrubd sgr nhy Tz ayTbgiw uugry cTbs thmyhegr sgr 1991/ thi p†ke nuz ngi zhl c˙ tho kgrbgi/ kgrbgi/ tho c˙ zhl ngi nuz p†ke vhPa T tubygr dhhy kgci hHshai pui s† p†kek†r/ hHshai sgo †Pdgdgci thi sh hHuu†-PuckheTmhgx v†y ngi v†y hHuu†-PuckheTmhgx sh thi ayhh- hHshai suru,shei pubgo chxk vesnv sh thcgr nhr sruei uu˙ygr surl sh Tkg h†ri T xl dgarhci xl T h†ri Tkg sh surl mu zgi auhi gx nuz ng Tz tui dgr cTbs: sgo mu uugdi p†kek†r/ pui T eurmi surf- eurmi T pui p†kek†r/ uugdi s†x Tz zhlw )pTrayhhy pTrthhchei/ * ** ckgygri sh hHuu†-chckh†drTphg sh ckgygri b†l dguugi thz 5291-1491w uu†x s†x bgny s†l bgny s†x uu†x 5291-1491w thi jurciw pTri sgrgheray Truo sh uuhkbgr ≤eupvw uuhkbgr sh Truo sgrgheray uugi m˙y sgr egi ngi dgphbgi vgfgr 001 thhbxi 001 vgfgr dgphbgi ngi egi ehhbgo x'thz tubygri egPk p†kek†r/ s†ryi zgbgi s†ryi p†kek†r/ egPk tubygri t˙bdgpT- bhay s† sh tubygregPkgl: Ip†kex- tubygregPkgl: sh s† nktl- T Tz kiw khsgr"w Inhbvdho"w Idkhhcubdgi"w Inhbvdho"w khsgr"w uugy vnuu, Ip†kex-ngåhu,"w IaPrhfuugrygr"w Ip†kex-ngåhu,"w Tzuh tuhxeuhkgi Iehbsgr-p†kek†r"w Iuuhmi" tui Iuuhmi" Iehbsgr-p†kek†r"w nhy hHsi phk Ip†kex-srTnTyhe" ≈ Fngy sh Fngy ≈ Ip†kex-srTnTyhe" kgci- zhhgr zgkcheg ygngx uu†x thbgo thmyhei thbgo uu†x ygngx zgkcheg thi ayhhdgr cTbs/ thz thhbgo/( sgr hHuu† uuhk vTrmhe cTsTbegi vTrmhe uuhk hHuu† sgr sh tuhpdgeungi th sh cTyhhkheyg njcrhow th sh th njcrhow cTyhhkheyg sh th ≈ zTnkgr vådv rgsTey†riw e†rgey†ri tui Tbsgrg tui e†rgey†ri rgsTey†riw p†kexngbyai uu†x v†ci dgzgiw sgr cTbs z†k cTbs sgr dgzgiw v†ci uu†x thbyg- uuh dk˙l sgrzgi sh khfyheg a˙i/ khfyheg sh sgrzgi v†ci khdgbyi ** ** Tr˙bdg- zhl 0391 62w n˙ p†ruugryxw tuhc thr uu†ky dguu†ky euhpi Ti euhpi dguu†ky uu†ky thr tuhc pui Trcgy vhhkhegr sgr thi uu†rpi sgr dhy thcgrr˙x kTbdi T b†l gezgnPkTr pui sgo b˙go cTbs )pTr cTbs b˙go sgo pui gezgnPkTr uu†x tTz"uu pTrar˙ci mubuhpbgngiw sgr pui cTbs pgryi T Truhx hHuu† 81 s†kTr Pkux P†ry†( ngdy thr thr ngdy P†ry†( Pkux s†kTr 81 zhl v†y Trcgy TzTi zhl/ x'k†zy b†r gr- sgr / r r g g y y g g k k c c - - † † u u u u H H h h xgrhg b˙gr zhl uugbsi muo hHshai chfgr-mgbygr hHshai muo uugbsi zhl tui Tbxeh- sh ≈ prHgr b†l †bdgvuhci thz xgrhg b˙gr sgr pui cTbs aygr c˙o Trcgygr-rhbdw uu†x pTreuhpy uu†x Trcgygr-rhbdw c˙o sgr pTr pui gexPgshmhgx Tbsgrg uu˙ygrsheg sh Fukkshegr` T dguugi Tkg hHuu†-PuckheTmhgx: Tkg v†y tui ≈ uugky-nkjnv graygr sgr hHsi` khyuuhag uugdi ≈ muuhh gray cTeungi thnPgy b†fi tuhpeuo b†fi thnPgy cTeungi gray hHsh- sgo uugdi thz cTbs thmyhegr Jewish Book Center of the Workmen’s Circle vådv dTbmg sh 5291/ thi hHuu† pubgo uugdi Trcgyi nhy p†kek†rw ai 45 East 33 Street Truhxdg- s†l thz uuhxbaTpy hHshag nuzhe-p†kek†rw aPrTfp†kek†rw uu†exi pui T P†khyhai tui uuhxb- tui P†khyhai T pui uu†exi ehbsgr-p†kek†r ygTygr-p†kek†rw New York, New York 10016 p†ruugryxw (212) 889-6800 or (800) 922-2558 p†keaPrTl sh ≈ p†kehzo aTpykgfi jurci/ cg,i nkjnv-p†kek†r chzi 2391 41w TPrhk www.jewishbookcenter.com †sgr mu sgr chfgrer†o t"b pTbhg t"b chfgrer†o sgr mu †sgr d†ygxpgks vgkgrw mgbygr pTr mgbygr vgkgrw d†ygxpgks hHshagr dgahfyg: hHshagr

Fanya Gottesfeld Heller Bookstore Center for Jewish History 15 West 16 Street New York, New York 10011 (917) 606-8220 www.cjh.org/facilities/shop.html

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, s sh zungr-Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uu˙br˙l turhtk t"b zungr-Pr†drTo sh b˙gx jh! n†k muuhh ≈ 3002 Trcgy tuh; hHshaw T xgrhg T hHshaw tuh; Trcgy †bdgvuhci zhl v†y kgrgr-uuTrayTyiw phkngiw kgrgr-uuTrayTyiw turhtk v˙h†rheg sh x' dgzTbd-w ygb.- tui ygTygr- tui ygb.- dgzTbd-w hHsh- thi uu˙br˙l-Pr†drTo eurxi/ sh xyusgbyi dhhgi tuhl dhhgi xyusgbyi sh eurxi/ tui khygrTyur aPrTlw agr cTeuei sh ay†y bhu-h†re tui bhu-h†re ay†y sh cTeuei Izungr-Pr†- sh ≈ eukyur p†ri thi sgr bTmh†bTkgr sgr thi p†ri s†x tuhx pTky thmy drTo"/ hHshagr chfgr-mgbyrTkg hHshagr Pr†drTo/ sgr pui h†r 63xyg )nTxTyauxgyx(/ cTyhhkheyg 66 sh muuhai , , u u g g h h s s h h bungr eungshei thi Tzgkfg s† zgbgi xyusgbyi uugy zhl sruei T pukgr T sruei zhl uugy tuzcg- fhbgw hTPTiw pui Tza cTrhfy uugdi sgo dTbmi zungr/ dTbmi sgo uugdi cTrhfy tui tuerTHbg hårtkw ehxyTiw tuhc thr uuhky eungi thcgr T thcgr eungi uuhky thr tuhc thb- phbg; sh ju. auugsi/ h†r pTrcgxgri t˙gr hHshaw t˙gr pTrcgxgri h†r eurxi thbsgrprHHeg ygbxhuug uugbsy zhl mu hTbek xTkTbyw hTbek mu zhl uugbsy zungr-Pr†drTo sgr pTr rgsy PTkguuxeh jhvkg khygrTyur tui drTnTyhe pui sgo shrgey†r pui aPrTl- pui shrgey†r sgo muuhh †bvhhcgr-eurxiw )muuhh Pr†drTngiw tuh; 0806-642-212 †sgr 0806-642-212 tuh; Pr†drTngiw T rgpgrTyiw xgrhgx muuhh ekTxiw TuuTbxhrygr( Ti thhbgr tui nhybsheg [email protected] uuhxbaTpykgfgr pui vsrfv-eurx anugx- phbg; nhy†d: b†l phr eungi

]vnal pui z' t[ z' pui ]vnal zgknTb†uuhya n†yk Tuusth thz tubszgr v˙byhegr v˙byhegr tubszgr thz Tuusth tui ngbgr pruhgiw tunauksheg ar˙- zhl dgphbgi zTk sgo thi s† uugd T s†rbshegr/ zhhgr †py uugri †py zhhgr s†rbshegr/ T uugd hru- tui jhpv ≤k-†çhçw thi ehbsgrw c˙ay˙grgrw p†ragrw kgrgrw cgrw tubszgrg vgrmgr †bdgphky nhy †bdgphky vgrmgr tubszgrg bTmh†bTkhx- a†uuhbhxyhagw akho/ tui †rdTbhzTmhgx pui p†rayhhgr xpeu,/ euny auhi sgr hHuu†w muzT- hHuu†w sgr auhi euny xpeu,/ tubszgrg †i tuhl drhhfi uuhbyi yhag hHshaehhy/ tui hHsha pTr Teyhuuhxyi ngi nhy Tbsgrg crhsgrkgfg hHsha- crhsgrkgfg Tbsgrg nhy ngi druhxg sh †cgr dgmgkyiw hHshag xçh- pTrahhsgbg pui eungi nhr †rdTbhzTmhgxw tui z†dyw bhhi! nhr bhhi! z†dyw tui †rdTbhzTmhgxw uuhk p†ke tubszgr pui ngrvhhy pTr- pui thsgTki nhy cTvuhfy çu,w uugki c˙eungi Tkg ayruhfkubdgi/ sh ayruhfkubdgi/ Tkg c˙eungi uugki thi kgci uuhk nbujvw uuhk akuow P†khyhag tui thsg†k†dhag ahsgbg uugky uugy cgxgr uugriw s†x kgci s†x uugriw cgxgr uugy uugky pgkegr/ afbhag sh nhy pr˙bsaTpy rgdi- uuUbsgrkgfgr T ≈ ygbsgbmi agbgrw k˙fygrw tubszgr p†ke uugy p†ke tubszgr k˙fygrw agbgrw srl/ hHshagr sgr thz benv bhay pTr- gx e†khri/ Fkgrkhh pui cuhdi uu˙ygr nnahl z˙i tubszgr dTbd mu dTbd tubszgr z˙i nnahl uu˙ygr ITkg nhy muzTngi ≈ thz uugd sgr cau≤pu,shegr T †cgr tubsz chbsy b˙g m˙yi pui akuo tui pr˙vhhyw mu pr˙vhhyw tui akuo pui m˙yi b˙g cuhgi ≈ uuhki" duyi pui ngbyai tui Prgzgruuhri t˙bmuvTkyiw uuhki b˙g vhhfi pui mhuuhkhzTmhg tui mhuuhkhzTmhg pui vhhfi b˙g cru- tui x†khsTrhygy pui crhei pui eukyur-tumru, sh †Pvhyi eukyur/ pgkegr/ pui sgraTpy mu muzTngi bgfyiw hHshai tubszgr z†k kgci sgr hHuu†! sgr kgci z†k pr˙bs! y˙grg tui v˙byw hHshai tubszgr ayTrei z†k kgci s†x hHshag p†ke! hHshag s†x kgci z†k tuhp- vhxy†rhag sh zgbgi uu†x pTr muzTngiw v†pi muzTngiw dkhhci dTci pui tubszgr hHuu†? s†x cTnHgi s†x hHuu†? tubszgr pui dTci pTr n†rdi cgxgri tui agbgri T zhl t˙bvTkyi tui pTraPrhhyi hHshaw pTraPrhhyi tui t˙bvTkyi zhl sh uu˙ygr anhsi p†kew tubszgr ]vnal pui z' t[ z' pui ]vnal zhbdgr hThrv tubszgr mu khcaTpy t˙bpkTbmi hHsha- sgr pui ehhy d†ksgbg yrTshmh†bgkgr hHshagr xçhçv: x˙ xçhçv: hHshagr yrTshmh†bgkgr z†ki suru,/ hubdg sh c˙ nTng-kaui aPrTl/ tui eukyur uugkykgfgr thi sgr vhhow x˙ thi auk/ hHshaw auk/ thi x˙ vhhow sgr thi uu˙ygr zhl z†k hHshaw kgrbgi zhh tubszgrg zgbgi vhhkhe tui druhx gbdkha tui vgcrgHa z˙bgi n˙bg z˙bgi vgcrgHa tui gbdkha khsw hHshai pubgo dgzTbd s†x vgri pui dgpTri k†egri gx tuhpdTci/ aPrTfi` tui s†l v†c thl uuhhbhe thl v†c s†l tui aPrTfi` uu†ry/ hHshai pubgo ekTbd sgr TxhnhkTmhg sh z˙yi: pTrahhsgbg dguuUxy pubgo hHuu†/ pubgo dguuUxy tubygrdhhiw bhay y†r hHsha bhhiw p†kex- tubszgr pui ayhegr r˙xy s†x nhhbyw Tz sgr hHuu† tui hubdg tui hHuu† sgr Tz nhhbyw s†x t˙b- zgbgi kaui hHshai thbgo uu˙k cTsr†y Tbyhxgnhyhzo sgr †rdTbhzow ngbyai sTrpi zhl bgbygr cTegbgi` bgbygr zhl sTrpi ngbyai thsgTkiw p†kehag Tkg dguugcy pTrahh- thi ehuo tubszgr Tk. b†l hubdg sTrpi zhl sgruuhxi pui sh pui sgruuhxi zhl sTrpi hubdg vTrn†bha zgbgi hHsha thi uu˙k auuTrmg uugky/ sgr pui yhhki sgbg druhxg ngdkgfehhyi uu†x TzT uu†x ngdkgfehhyi druhxg dgrgfyhehhy x†mhTkg mubuhpdgcubsi pubgo vhnk sgo cTsgei uu†kebx uuhxbaTpykgfg †rdTbhzTmhg egi †rdTbhzTmhg uuhxbaTpykgfg tubszgr pui nhxhg sh hHshaehhy/ nhy bT- gexyrgngr nhzrj/// nhygki dgci sh uu†x thbygrgxhri zhl nhy zhl thbygrgxhri uu†x sh dgci uu˙- s†x eukyhuuhri yTeg thz hHuu† pTrxngi a†uuhbhzo tui mh†bTkhzo sgr hHshagr eukyur pui Tn†k tui Tn†k pui eukyur hHshagr sgr sh pTr tui sur tubszgr pTr ygrw suru, hubdg pui nuju, tui vgrmgr v˙by/ tubsz/ b†l eungi uugki uu†x suru, n†rsi uu†x afbhow TrTchag sh c˙ d YIVO News Summer 2003 vubsgry h†r b†fi egagbguugr P†dr†o egagbguugr b†fi h†r vubsgry b˙gx gr hHuu† v†y bhay-kTbd dggpby Ti tuhx- Ti dggpby bhay-kTbd v†y hHuu† gr aygkubd mu vubsgry h†r b†fi yruhgrhe b†fi h†r vubsgry mu aygkubd s cTrhnyi egagbguugr P†dr†o )TPrhk 3091(/ sh 3091(/ )TPrhk P†dr†o egagbguugr cTrhnyi tuhxaygkubd bgny Tr˙i s†eungbyi uugdi sgo uugdi s†eungbyi Tr˙i bgny tuhxaygkubd P†dr†o duptw uuh tuhl uugdi z˙i †PekTbd tuh; †PekTbd z˙i uugdi tuhl uuh duptw P†dr†o hHshag P†khyhag cTuugdubdgiw tuh; sgr tuh; cTuugdubdgiw P†khyhag hHshag gnhdrTmhg ts"dk/ gnhdrTmhg uuh cTuuUxy v†y ngi chTkhei dgahey pui dgahey chTkhei ngi v†y cTuuUxy uuh Tsgx ehhi egagbguu tuhxmup†rai sgo P†dr†o sgo tuhxmup†rai egagbguu ehhi Tsgx tui sgrpui thz Truhxdguu†exi z˙i cTrhnyg z˙i Truhxdguu†exi thz sgrpui tui P†gng Ithi ajhyv-ay†y"w uu†x gr v†y euso v†y gr uu†x ajhyv-ay†y"w Ithi P†gng †bdgarhci tuh; vgcrgHa )Icghr vvrhdv"( tui vvrhdv"( )Icghr vgcrgHa tuh; †bdgarhci sgrb†fsgo pTry˙yay tuh; hHsha/ thbygrg- hHsha/ tuh; pTry˙yay sgrb†fsgo xTbyw uu†x euso-Fk v†y gx pTry˙yay h/-k/ pTry˙yay gx v†y euso-Fk uu†x xTbyw Pr.w b†r Prmgx buxj thzw T Pbhow chTkhei bhay chTkhei Pbhow T thzw buxj Prmgx b†r Pr.w dgpgkiw v†y gr gx Tkhhi dgy†i/ thcgrdgzgmy dgy†i/ Tkhhi gx gr v†y dgpgkiw cjurho tui nhyk-hgrheg ngbgr zhl muzTngb- zhl ngbgr nhyk-hgrheg tui cjurho zaTc†yhbxeh/ uu/ v†y ruxha tuh; gx dgk†pi pui Tkg z˙yi tui v†ci dgegnpy uuh sh uuh dgegnpy v†ci tui z˙yi Tkg pui dgk†pi uu†x sgow thcgr ta-kvçv chTkhe thz P†gng sgr thi khhci mu cTahmi zhhgrg auuTfg tui Tkyg crhsgr Tkyg tui auuTfg zhhgrg cTahmi mu khhci druhxgr T thi Tz vTkyw ng agfyi/ dgk†zy zhl v†ci hHsi tui auugxygr/ Tphku hubdg pruhgi v†ci cTuuhzi v†ci pruhgi hubdg Tphku auugxygr/ tui cpry ygbu, chTkhex tui cFkk P†dr†o sgo mukhc n†x uuUbsgrkgfg dçuru,/ zhh v†ci pTryhhshey zhhgr pTryhhshey v†ci zhh dçuru,/ uuUbsgrkgfg th Tngrhegw ehhi thnhdrTmhg sh th pTrayTrey zhl v†y grg nhy thcgrbTyhrkgfg ergpyiw tui sh ckuy- sh tui ergpyiw thcgrbTyhrkgfg nhy grg sgn†k- sh b†r tr.-hårtk/ ehhi gkhv sh tui mhubhzo sgr s†rayheg ngrsgr thz bhy dgkubdgi mu agbsi mu dgkubdgi bhy thz ngrsgr s†rayheg v†ci hHsi chks/ Tbsgr Ti thcgrdgdgci v†y Prgxg yheg ehhi thhbmheg hubdg pruh/ †cgr sh hHsi v†ci hHsi sh †cgr pruh/ hubdg thhbmheg ehhi dguugi vrudho m†k sh thz sgo mukhc tui dguugry h† zhl dgegnpy nhy sh khhsheg vgby tui sh rumjho sh tui vgby khhsheg sh nhy dgegnpy dguu†ri pTruuUbshey zgbgi vubsgrygr f†ya 94w ckuhz z˙bgi dguugi cTuu†pby nhy ngxgrx tui vgew tui ngxgrx nhy cTuu†pby dguugi z˙bgi uugr- sh nhy e†P/ thcgri sTl T †i dgckhci yuhzbygr tui mudgdrhhy tuhxmueuhkgi tui mu pTryhkhei Tkg pTryhkhei mu tui tuhxmueuhkgi mudgdrhhy v†ci nhr ≈ 1 z' 3091w 42w )TPrhk x x y y r r g g u u u u r r † † p p pubgo ygr hHshag t˙buuuhbgr/ uuh sh uuhksgw ckuydhrheg uuhksgw sh uuh t˙buuuhbgr/ hHshag kgexhe(: sh yhhk muo tuhl uuh tuhxkhhdw sgo n†sgrbhzhry ]jhu,[ z˙bgi sh rumjho Trundgk†pi tui dgay†fiw tui Trundgk†pi rumjho sh z˙bgi ]jhu,[ ngrsgr cTbsg tuhpdgvgmyg argekgfg TzT uugi dgabhyiw dgvTey nhy sh vge rgfyx tui khbex/ tui rgfyx vge sh nhy dgvTey dgabhyiw thi grdg. ay†y hHshag T cTpTki dguugi z†k zhh v†ci dgkTfy pui sgo dgcgy pui Tkyg hHsi Tkyg pui dgcgy sgo pui dgkTfy v†ci zhh hHsh- yuhzbygr uu†kyi khygw sgr thi †sgr uu†khi tui s†x dguuhhi pui pruhgi tui ehbsgr v†y zhh v†y ehbsgr tui pruhgi pui dguuhhi s†x tui ]agv[/ thhi thi dguu†ri tuhxdgeuhkgy bpau, ag bhay dgrhry/ dgrhry/ bhay dgzubygw dhcurhow †cgr z˙bgi hHsi egagbguugr sh s† uu˙ygr sruei nhr thcgr T p†kexkhs Iegagbguugr p†kexkhs T thcgr nhr sruei uu˙ygr s† ngbyai/ tunsgrar†egbg tui ayTreg t˙zgrbgw w d d b b T T z z g g d d T T i i d d † † r r y y r r h h n n nk†ygew hux; tui jbv )pui P†dr†o" †bdg- v†ci P†dr†nayahegx ngrsgrhag sh uuh bhu-h†re 2791w z' 731(: z' 2791w bhu-h†re hHshag sh z˙bgi vrhdvw auhsgrkgfg sh vuhci

sgo grayi y†d Pxj y†d grayi sgo v†ci hHsgkgl dTb. prhhkgl pTrcrTfyw prhhkgl dTb. hHsgkgl v†ci tui sgo kgmyi y†d jdt y†d kgmyi sgo tui v†y ngi egagbguu jruç dgnTfy/ jruç egagbguu ngi v†y

egagbguu Trundgrhbdky egagbguu Tzuh uuh T c†bsgr sh pTxw sh c†bsgr T uuh Tzuh yTygx tui nTngx tui ehbsgr tui nTngx tui yTygx zgbgi dgpTki thi dTx/ thi dgpTki zgbgi

tuhw su d†y thi vhnkw thi d†y su tuhw eue auhi Tr†P mu tubszw mu Tr†P auhi eue cTyrTfy b†r sgo rga nhyi yunkw nhyi rga sgo b†r cTyrTfy uuh sh duhho zgbgi zhl bueo thi tubsz/ thi bueo zhl zgbgi duhho sh uuh

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002 zungr 691 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, c ❖❖hshgu, hshgu, YYNEWSIVOIVO hHuu† pui hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu† ≈ thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr 3002 zungr 691 bun' sgr hHuu†-cTbegy 3002 3002 hHuu†-cTbegy sgr gr v˙h†rhegr hHuu†-cTbegy thz dguugi T druhxgr T dguugi thz hHuu†-cTbegy v˙h†rhegr gr xuemgx/ x'zgbgi dgeungi 004 vubsgry dgxy tui dgxy vubsgry 004 dgeungi x'zgbgi xuemgx/ s ng v†y dgaTpi T ebTPi nhkh†i s†kTr/ sh s†kTr/ nhkh†i ebTPi T dgaTpi v†y ng grbdgxy zgbgi dguugi sgr hHsha-tubdgrhagr sgr dguugi zgbgi grbdgxy ar˙cgr thnrg egrygx tui sgr Trfhygey nav Trfhygey sgr tui egrygx thnrg ar˙cgr xpsh/ xpsh/ dgsgbey dgsgbey sh sTyg: sTyg: sh T dgbungi v†ci cTbegy tuhpi tuhpi 12xyi tuhpi n†yk nTng-kaui tuh; uu†ry †ey†cgr PkTbhry †ey†cgr pTruuTkyubd-nhydkhs zgknTb†uuhyaw sgr hHuu† Ti †uuby Ti hHuu† sgr kFçus tubszgr kFçus sh zhbdgrw hThrv tui hHuu†w pui druhxi P†gyw druhxi zhbdgrw mhngy gshbv s"r pui y†fygr Tçrvo xumeguugrw Tçrvo sh zgbgi †y IgPhe"/ pui shrgey†r mu z˙bg 09 h†r/ 09 z˙bg mu Pryho ≈ thi dhfi/ thi ≈ Pryho rgsgx: sh pui ygexyi xpsh nav grbdTxy hThrv zhbdgr hThrv zgknTb†uuhya n†yk h pTrcgyubd †byhhk mu bgngi thbgo hgrkgfi hHuu†- hgrkgfi thbgo bgngi mu †byhhk pTrcgyubd h y˙grg xk†uuhiw crux p†rzhmgr auçgr cTbegy thz pTr nhr T druhxgr Fçus tui Fçus druhxgr T nhr pTr thz cTbegy s pr˙bsw tui jçrho jçrygxw j dk˙fm˙yhe T druhxg thcgrrTaubd! druhxg T dk˙fm˙yhe nhr zgbgi uuhsgr tui h†r T Tsurl thz uuhsgr muo cTsuhgri z˙bgi ngbyai pui n˙i gkygrw pui gkygrw n˙i pui ngbyai z˙bgi cTsuhgri muo uuh tuiw hHuu†-huo-yuç hgrkgfi tubszgr c˙ s† n˙i sur bhy dgbud cTeTby nhyi hHuu† uuh thhbgr uuh hHuu† nhyi cTeTby dgbud bhy sur n˙i sgr dguu†ri mudgyhhky v˙by nhr thz prHgrw pui sh uuhfyhexyg p†ramgbygrx thi sgr thi p†ramgbygrx uuhfyhexyg sh pui tui t˙lw cTdrhxi mu Prhuuhkgdhg sh tui Fçus hHshagr uugky/ hHshagr gx uugkfi thi kaui sgo thi ≈ hHsha thi yTeg f†ya thl ayushr thmy tuh; T nTdhxygr thi Trfhygeyurw v†c Trfhygeyurw thi nTdhxygr T tuh; thmy ayushr thl f†ya hHsha tubszgr pui uugryi vhhkheg Tkg t˙bdguugcy zgbgi ]vnal tuh; z' d[ z' tuh; ]vnal T thi sgrmuhdi zhl h†ri n˙bg Tkg thl d[ z' tuh; ]vnal uugkyp†ke/

thbvTky YIVO Institute for Jewish Research Non-Profit hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu† ≈ thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr U.S. Postage egagbguugr P†dr†o / / / / / / / / / / / / / c / / / / / / / / / / / / / P†dr†o egagbguugr PAID cTbegy/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / z' d z' / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / cTbegy/ 15 West 16th Street, Newburgh, NY / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / s / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / r r g g y y g g k k c c - - † † u u u u H H h h New York, NY 10011-6301 Permit No. 252 hHsha-xgnhbTr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / v / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / hHsha-xgnhbTr jxhsha chfk tui kumhTi ckhy / / / / / / z' u u z' / / / / / / ckhy kumhTi tui chfk jxhsha Iuu†rmkgi" / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / z / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Iuu†rmkgi" hubd-uuhkbg / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / j / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / hubd-uuhkbg pui Tn†k / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / y / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Tn†k pui , , u u g g h h s s h h