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Development of Indigenous Cucumis Technologies (Icts) to Alleviate the Void Created by the Withdrawal of Synthetic Nematicides from the Agro-Chemical Market
International Scholars Journals African Journal of Soil Science ISSN 2375-088X Vol. 3 (8), pp. 161-166, August, 2015. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. Review Development of Indigenous Cucumis Technologies (ICTs) to alleviate the void created by the withdrawal of synthetic nematicides from the agro-chemical market *Trevor Mixwell, Bokang Montjane and Pietie Vermaak Department of Soil Science, Plant Production and Agricultural Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. Accepted 16 July, 2015 The ”Indigenous Cucumis Technologies” (ICTs) were researched and developed for the management of plant- parasitic nematodes, particularly Meloidogyne species, in an attempt to alleviate the void created by the withdrawal of synthetic nematicides from the agro-chemical markets and the drawbacks associated with the use of conventional organic matter as a nematode management practice. Currently, ICTs comprises of four technology types, namely (1) ground leaching, (2) nematode resistance, (3) inter-generic grafting and (4) fermented crude extracts. ICTs, in their various forms, consistently suppressed the nematode numbers and improved crop yields in experimental trials carried out in Limpopo Province, Republic of South Africa. The present paper reviews a decade of successful research and development in ICTs for the management of root- knot nematodes in low-input agricultural farming systems. Key words: Cucumis species, fermented crude extract, ground leaching technology, inter-generic grafting, nematode resistance. INTRODUCTION Worldwide, the withdrawal of highly effective synthetic Been estimated at US $125 billion prior to the final fumigants used in the management of plant-parasitic withdrawal of methyl bromide from agro-chemical markets nematode populations has had economic consequences in in 2005 (Chitwood, 2003). -
Conservation Genetics – Heat Map Analysis of Nussrs of Adna of Archaeological Watermelons (Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus L. Lanatus) Compared to Current Varieties
® Genes, Genomes and Genomics ©2012 Global Science Books Conservation Genetics – Heat Map Analysis of nuSSRs of aDNA of Archaeological Watermelons (Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus l. lanatus) Compared to Current Varieties Gábor Gyulai1* • Zoltán Szabó1,2 • Barna Wichmann1 • András Bittsánszky1,3 • Luther Waters Jr.4 • Zoltán Tóth1 • Fenny Dane4 1 St. Stephanus University, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, GBI, Gödöll, H-2103 Hungary 2 Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Gödöll, H-2100 Hungary 3 Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1525 Hungary 4 Department of Horticulture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama AL 36849, USA Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT Seed remains of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus lanatus) were excavated from two sites dating from the 13th (Debrecen) and 15th centuries (Budapest) Hungary. Morphological characterization, aDNA (ancient DNA) extraction, microsatellite analyses, and in silico sequence alignments were carried out. A total of 598 SSR fragments of 26 alleles at 12 microsatellite loci of DNAs were detected in the medieval and current watermelons. A heat map analysis using double dendrograms based on microsatellite fragment patterns revealed the closest th th similarity to current watermelons with red flesh (13 CENT) and yellow flesh (15 CENT) colors. In silico studies on cpDNA and mtDNA of watermelon revealed new data on Citrullus genome constitution. The results provide new tools to reconstruct and ‘resurrect’ extinct plants from aDNA used -
A New Genus for Trichosanthes Amara, the Caribbean Sister Species of All Sicyeae
Systematic Botany (2008), 33(2): pp. 349–355 © Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Linnaeosicyos (Cucurbitaceae): a New Genus for Trichosanthes amara, the Caribbean Sister Species of all Sicyeae Hanno Schaefer, Alexander Kocyan, and Susanne S. Renner1 Systematic Botany, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany 1Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Thomas A. Ranker Abstract—The Old World genus Trichosanthes has flowers with strikingly fringed petals, and Linnaeus therefore placed a species from Hispaniola that he only knew from an illustration (showing such fringed petals) in that genus. The species remained hidden from the attention of subsequent workers until acquiring new relevance in the context of molecular-biogeographic work on Cucurbitaceae. Based on molecular data, it is the sister to all Sicyeae, a New World clade of about 125 species in 16 genera. We here place this species in a new genus, Linnaeosicyos, describe and illustrate it, and discuss its phylogenetic context using molecular and morphological data. Judging from Dominican amber, elements of the flora of Hispaniola date back 15–20 my, and the occurrence on the island of at least five endemic species of Cucurbitaceae (Linnaeosicyos amara, Melothria domingensis, Sicana fragrans, and the sister species Anacaona sphaerica and Penelopeia suburceolata) points to its long occupation by Cucurbitaceae. Keywords—Flora of Hispaniola, fringed petals, lectotypification, Linnaeus, Plumier. With about 100 accepted species, Trichosanthes L. is the newly available collections, and discuss the implications of a largest genus of the family Cucurbitaceae (Rugayah and De Hispaniola taxon being sister to the Sicyeae. -
A Quarter Century of Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora: a Review*
Reviews 1189 A Quarter Century of Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora: A Review* Authors Catherina Caballero-George 1, Mahabir P. Gupta2 Affiliations 1 Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT‑AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama 2 Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), College of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Panama, Republic of Panama Key words Abstract with novel structures and/or interesting bioactive l" bioassays ! compounds. During the last quarter century, a to- l" Panamanian plants Panama is a unique terrestrial bridge of extreme tal of approximately 390 compounds from 86 l" ethnomedicine biological importance. It is one of the “hot spots” plants have been isolated, of which 160 are new l" novel compounds and occupies the fourth place among the 25 most to the literature. Most of the work reported here plant-rich countries in the world, with 13.4% en- has been the result of many international collabo- demic species. Panamanian plants have been rative efforts with scientists worldwide. From the screened for a wide range of biological activities: results presented, it is immediately obvious that as cytotoxic, brine shrimp-toxic, antiplasmodial, the Panamanian flora is still an untapped source antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immunosup- of new bioactive compounds. pressive, and antihypertensive agents. This re- view concentrates on ethnopharmacological uses Supporting information available at of medicinal plants employed by three Amerin- http://www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals/toc/ dian groups of Panama and on selected plants plantamedica Introduction are a major component of the Panamanian tropi- ! cal forest. Mosses abound in moist cloud forests as Medicinal plants remain an endless source of new well as other parts of the country. -
The Toxic Effects of Cucurbitacin in Paddy Melon (Cucumis Myriocarpus) on Rats
International Journal of Research and Review www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Original Research Article The Toxic Effects of Cucurbitacin in Paddy Melon (Cucumis Myriocarpus) on Rats Violet Nakhungu Momanyi Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), National Agricultural, Research Laboratories (NARL), P.O. Box 14733-00800, NAIROBI, Kenya. Received: 16/09/2016 Revised: 28/09/2016 Accepted: 28/09/2016 ABSTRACT Untold losses of livestock are caused by various poisonous plant families each year globally, through death, physical malformation, abortion and lowered gain. Such families include; Solanaceae, Apocynaceae, Euphobiaceae and Cucubitaceae, where paddy melon (Cucumis myriocarpus) belongs. The main objective of the study was to carry out acute toxicity test of crude cucurbitacin in the ripe fruits of paddy melon (Cucumis myriocarpus) and determine its lethal dose (LD50) on laboratory rats. The crude extract of paddy melon was highly lethal, with an LD50 of 0.68g/kg body weight. Key words: Cucumis myriocarpus, Toxicity, rats, LD50. INTRODUCTION parasympatholytic alkaloids, atropine, Plant poisonings cause about 10-25 hyascine and hyoscyanine exert an % livestock losses due to lack of knowledge antimuscarinic effect causing neurological on the chemical composition, medicinal and disorders without pathological lesions toxic effects of many pasture plants. (Matthews and Endress, 2004). Solanaceae family like Daturastramonium Neurological disorders with distinct contain Atropine toxins which exert an pathological lesions are caused by plants antimuscarine effect blocking transmission which produce mycotoxins that cause of autonomic impulses at ganglia and muscle tremors, greyish-white areas of neuromuscular junctions (Kurzbaumet al., hyaline degeneration and necrosis 2001). Those of Apocynaceae like particularly near the insertions and origins Acokanthera spp. -
The PICKLEWORM: Its CONTROL on CUCURBITS in ALABAMA
( L.'t-. )f BULLETIN 381 SEPTEMBER 1968 The PICKLEWORM: Its CONTROL On CUCURBITS In ALABAMA SNj AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION NAI AUBURN UNIVERSITY E. V. Smith, Director Auburn, Alabama CONTENTS INTRODUCTION- - - - LIFE, HISTORY- - - - - - -__4 CONTROL METHODS EVALUATED PLANTING DATES-- INSECTICIDES----------- RESISTANT VARIETIES ____________-__ -16 SU M M A R Y ----------------------- --- 25 ACKNOWLEDGMENT__-__-__________ -------- -2 6 LITERATURE CITED --------------- 27 PHOTO CREDITS. Figures 1A, iB, and iC were supplied by Dupree et al (3), University of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station. Other photos supplied by the authors. FIRST PRINTING 3M, SEPTEMBER 1968 The PICKLEWORM: Its CONTROL on CUCURBITS in ALABAMA T. DON CANERDAY, Assistant Professor of Entomology-Zoology* JAMES D. DILBECK, Graduate Assistant of Entomology-Zoology INTRODUCTION THE PICKLEWORM, Diaphanianitidalis (Stoll), is the most de- structive insect pest of cucurbits in Alabama. This insect regularly causes serious damage in the South Atlantic and Gulf States and occasionally as far west as Oklahoma and Nebraska and as far north as Iowa and Connecticut. It has also been reported from Canada, Puerto Rico, Panama, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, and Peru (3). Cantaloupe, cucumber, and summer squash are primary host plants of the pickleworm in Alabama. Maximum yields of these crops in summer and fall are deterred by the pickleworm. Gourds, pumpkins, and watermelons are also occasionally attacked. The larva reduces plant vigor and destroys market value of the crop by feeding on buds, flowers, vines, stalks, and fruits. Walsh and Riley (8) gave the first account of pickleworm injury in the United States in 1869. Investigations on the insect were begun in 1899 by Quaintance (1901) in Georgia. -
Phylogenetic Relationships in the Order Cucurbitales and a New Classification of the Gourd Family (Cucurbitaceae)
Schaefer & Renner • Phylogenetic relationships in Cucurbitales TAXON 60 (1) • February 2011: 122–138 TAXONOMY Phylogenetic relationships in the order Cucurbitales and a new classification of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) Hanno Schaefer1 & Susanne S. Renner2 1 Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. 2 University of Munich (LMU), Systematic Botany and Mycology, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany Author for correspondence: Hanno Schaefer, [email protected] Abstract We analysed phylogenetic relationships in the order Cucurbitales using 14 DNA regions from the three plant genomes: the mitochondrial nad1 b/c intron and matR gene, the nuclear ribosomal 18S, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, and 28S genes, and the plastid rbcL, matK, ndhF, atpB, trnL, trnL-trnF, rpl20-rps12, trnS-trnG and trnH-psbA genes, spacers, and introns. The dataset includes 664 ingroup species, representating all but two genera and over 25% of the ca. 2600 species in the order. Maximum likelihood analyses yielded mostly congruent topologies for the datasets from the three genomes. Relationships among the eight families of Cucurbitales were: (Apodanthaceae, Anisophylleaceae, (Cucurbitaceae, ((Coriariaceae, Corynocarpaceae), (Tetramelaceae, (Datiscaceae, Begoniaceae))))). Based on these molecular data and morphological data from the literature, we recircumscribe tribes and genera within Cucurbitaceae and present a more natural classification for this family. Our new system comprises 95 genera in 15 tribes, five of them new: Actinostemmateae, Indofevilleeae, Thladiantheae, Momordiceae, and Siraitieae. Formal naming requires 44 new combinations and two new names in Cucurbitaceae. Keywords Cucurbitoideae; Fevilleoideae; nomenclature; nuclear ribosomal ITS; systematics; tribal classification Supplementary Material Figures S1–S5 are available in the free Electronic Supplement to the online version of this article (http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax). -
A COMPARATIVE PHENOLOGICAL and GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS of TWO INVASIVE WEEDS, CAMEL MELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS (Thunb.) Matsum
23rd Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference The Sebel Cairns, 26-29 September 2011 A COMPARATIVE PHENOLOGICAL AND GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF TWO INVASIVE WEEDS, CAMEL MELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. LANATUS) AND PRICKLY PADDY MELON (CUCUMIS MYRIOCARPUS L.), IN INLAND AUSTRALIA Razia S. Shaik1, Leslie A. Weston1, Geoff Burrows 2 and David Gopurenko 3 1Charles Sturt University, E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 2Charles Sturt University, School of Agriculture and Wine Sciences, Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 3NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga NSW 2650 ABSTRACT The biological attributes of two invasive weed species, prickly paddy melon and camel melon, were studied in different disturbed habitats of the Riverina region, NSW during 2010-2011. Seedlings first germinated in early to mid November 2010, once optimal soil temperatures were achieved. Flowering began in both species, generally 35 to 45 days following seedling establishment. Both species exhibited monoecious tendencies, with production of male flowers rapidly followed by production of both male and female flowers on the same vine. Both species exhibited prolific fruit production at all sites, until senescence occurred, at 150-180 days following establishment. Date of senescence varied among sites and species. Molecular genetic sequences analysis of chloroplast (MatK) and nuclear (G3pdh) genes was used to assay population genetic diversity and to verify species identity of melon species sampled from geographically diverse locations in Australia. Genetic variation within the species was not observed among the Australian populations at either of the assayed genes. This lack of genetic diversity may have resulted from a limited entry by each of the species into Australia and or sustained population bottlenecks following their entry. -
PROCEEDINGS of the 20Th ANNUAL MEETING - ST
CARIBBEAN Vol. XX FOOD CROPS SOCIETY Sociedad Caribefia de Cultivos Alimenticios Association Caraibe des Plantes Alimentaires PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20th ANNUAL MEETING - ST. CROIX, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - OCTOBER 21-26, 1984 ^MAI t FARM IN THE CARIBBEAN! Published by THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTER, COLLEGE OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS and THE CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY Recent Advances in Research on Control and Biology of Pickleworm and Melonworm Kent Elsey, Jorge Pena, Joop Peterson, Todd Wehner USDA, ARS, in cooperation with other institutions, has tion stimulancs, foreign exploration and importation of been conducting research on pickleworm and melonworm parasites from South America and the Caribbean, and popula- (Diaphania spp.: Pyralidae) for several years. Recent advances tion dynamics of Diaphania spp. in tropical Florida. in this research are given. Topics discussed include: research Keywords: Diaphania nitidalis, Diaphania hyalinata, Cucur- on plant resistance in cucumber and squash, role of oviposi- bita, Cucumis. A mainstay of small farm opetations is vegetable production, Another series of antibiosis tests run on a number of cultivated with cucurbit vegetables, such as cucumber and squash, being an species of cucurbits found that only Lagenaria siceraria, an inedi- important parr of vegetable farming. For example: in Notth ble species of goutd, demonstrated a significant degree of Carolina almost 40,000 acres of cucumbers are grown, mostly on tesistance (Elsey, 1981). This and the cucumber work indicates small farms. In the southeastern U.S. the key insecr pest of cucur- that antibiosis among cucurbit vegetables may not be a useful bits is the pickleworm, Diaphania nitidalis Stoll. The picklewotm factor in breeding for pickleworm tesistance. -
Native Species
Birdlife Australia Gluepot Reserve PLANT SPECIES LIST These are species recorded by various observers. Species in bold have been vouchered. The list is being continually updated NATIVE SPECIES Species name Common name Acacia acanthoclada Harrow Wattle Acacia aneura Mulga Acacia brachybotrya Grey Mulga Acacia colletioides Wait a While Acacia hakeoides Hakea leaved Wattle Acacia halliana Hall’s Wattle Acacia ligulata Sandhill Wattle Acacia nyssophylla Prickly Wattle Acacia oswaldii Boomerang Bush Acacia rigens Needle Wattle Acacia sclerophylla var. sclerophylla Hard Leaved Wattle Acacia wilhelmiana Wilhelm’s Wattle Actinobole uliginosum Flannel Cudweed Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Bullock Bush Amphipogon caricinus Long Grey Beard Grass Amyema miquelii Box Mistletoe Amyema miraculosa ssp. boormanii Fleshy Mistletoe Amyema preissii Wire Leaved Acacia Mistletoe Angianthus tomentosus Hairy Cup Flower Atriplex acutibractea Pointed Salt Bush Atriplex rhagodioides Spade Leaved Salt Bush Atriplex stipitata Bitter Salt Bush Atriplex vesicaria Bladder Salt Bush Austrodanthonia caespitosa Wallaby Grass Austrodanthonia pilosa Wallaby Grass Austrostipa elegantissima Elegant Spear Grass Austrostipa hemipogon Half Beard Spear grass Austrostipa nitida Balcarra Spear grass Austrostipa scabra ssp. falcata Rough Spear Grass Austrostipa scabra ssp. scabra Rough Spear Grass Austrostipa tuckeri Tucker’s Spear grass Baeckea crassifolia Desert Baeckea Baeckea ericaea Mat baeckea Bertya tasmanica ssp vestita Mitchell’s Bertya Beyeria lechenaultii Mallefowl -
Rebecca Grumet Nurit Katzir Jordi Garcia-Mas Editors Genetics and Genomics of Cucurbitaceae Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models
Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models 20 Rebecca Grumet Nurit Katzir Jordi Garcia-Mas Editors Genetics and Genomics of Cucurbitaceae Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models Volume 20 Series Editor Richard A. Jorgensen More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7397 Rebecca Grumet • Nurit Katzir • Jordi Garcia-Mas Editors Genetics and Genomics of Cucurbitaceae Editors Rebecca Grumet Nurit Katzir Michigan State University Agricultural Research Organization East Lansing, Michigan Newe Ya’ar Research Center USA Ramat Yishay Israel Jordi Garcia-Mas Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain ISSN 2363-9601 ISSN 2363-961X (electronic) Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models ISBN 978-3-319-49330-5 ISBN 978-3-319-49332-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-49332-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017950169 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. -
Melonworm, Diaphania Hyalinata Linnaeus (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Crambidae)1 John L
EENY163 Melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Crambidae)1 John L. Capinera2 Distribution about 0.7 mm in length and 0.6 mm in width. Hatching occurs after 3–4 days. Melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus, occurs throughout most of Central and South America and the Caribbean. It also has been reported from Africa (Mohaned et al. 2013). The United States is the northern limit of its permanent range, and wintertime occurrence generally is limited to south Florida and perhaps south Texas. Melon- worm disperses northward annually. Its distribution during the summer months is principally the southeastern states, though occasionally it disperses north to New England and the Great Lakes region. Life Cycle and Description The melonworm can complete its life cycle in about 30 days. It is present throughout the year in southern Florida, where it is limited mostly by availability of host plants. It disperses northward annually, usually arriving in northern Florida in Figure 1. Eggs and newly hatched larva of melonworm, Diaphania June and other southeastern states in July, where no more hyalinata Linnaeus, on foliage. than three generations normally occur before cold weather Credits: Rita Duncan, UF/IFAS kills the host plants. Larva Egg There are five instars. Total larval development time is about 14 days, with mean (range) duration of the instars Melonworm moths deposit oval, flattened eggs in small about 2.2 (2-3), 2.2 (2-3), 2.0 (1-3), 2.0 (1-3), and 5.0 (3-8) clusters, often averaging two to six overlapping eggs per days, respectively. Head capsule widths are about 0.22, 0.37, egg mass.