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CHAPTER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
DEDICATION
ABSTRACT
III.
H.
I.
CONCEPTUAL
MINISTRY
INTRODUCTION
Empirical
Biblical
Theological
Evaluation Project
Project
Motivation
Embracing
The
Framing
The
Ministry
Ministry
Implication Summary
The
Theme
Outline
Scope
frame
the
Pericope
Literature
CONTEXT
and
for
a
Frame
of
Issue
More
Issue
Setting
Judgment FRAMEWORK
Study
of
Reflection
of
Interpretation
in
Interpretation
Public
frame
Context
TABLE
Theology
OF
ix
CONTENTS
39
36
35 30
26
25
21
21
19
15 $
5
13
15 4
3
3
1
viii
Vii V
IV.
V.
EVALUATION
MINISTRY
Conclusion Future
Reflections Final
Method
Phase
Phase
Phase
Administration
Distribution
Project
Preparation
Partnering
Surveying
Training
Volunteering
Results
Surveying
Summary
Organization
Congregational
Social The
To
III
II
1 Implications
— of
— Serve
—
Centering
Marginalized
Critiquing
Evaluation
PROJECT
Constructing
Context
Operations
AND
or
the
the
with
Not
Congregation
Volunteers
REfLECTION
Identity
Anchor
to
Serve
Institutions
x
98 88 87 87
106 101 82
84
80
79
78 74
70 69
67 64
63
61 59
57
51 47
54
39 44
SELECTED
APPENDICES
I
H
G F
E D
C
B A — — — — — — — —
—
Twelve
Pastoral
Henry
Community
Community
BIBLIOGRAPHY Community
Food
Pantry Congregational
Distribution
County
Baskets
Inventory
Sermon:
Outreach
Outreach
Outreach
Ministerial
Food
Survey
“I
and
Survey
Want
Ministry
Pantry
Ministry
Ministry
Ministry
Alliance
To
xi
Recipient
Make
Guide
Training:
Training:
Training:
Letter
It
To
Forms
Heaven”
Session
Session
Session
3
1
2
121
125
120 119 115
114 113
109
112 111 108 CUAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
19th During the latter part of the century, Robert Lowry wrote the following lyrics
for the classic hymn “Nothing But The Blood of Jesus:”
What can wash away my sin? What can make me whole again? Nothing but the blood ofJesus. Ohprecious is theflow, that makes me
white as snow. No other fount I know - Nothing but the blood of Jesus.’
Like many of his contemporaries, the researcher has sung this hymn without
giving any critical thought to its claims. The blood that is referenced by the songwriter is
the blood that Jesus shed on the cross - the term “blood” serving as a metaphorical
expression for Jesus’ salvific sacrifice at Calvary. Yet, by inference, the hymn writer is
suggesting that this is no ordinary blood; that this blood has the power to change and transform li’es. Thus, the hymn writer is making a clear suggestion that through Jesus
Christ, people and situations have the capacity and capability to change. In short, the
hymn reminds us that Jesus came, bled, and died so that the lives of God’s people can be
changed.
So how does the church contribute to this idea of Christ influenced change? Does the church have a role in serving the community in a manner that fosters change and transformation? The researcher believes that it does. Specifically, the researcher believes that the church is called to facilitate change in the community by reaching beyond the walls of the church and serving those in need. Therefore, the task of this
Robert Lowry, “Nothing But TheBlood ojiesus,” arrangedby Nolan Williams Jr. (GIA Publications, mc, 2000)
1 (Chicago,
2
will
perspective.
address
context.
versus
ministry.
dissertation,
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William
be
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offered. The R.
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2
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churches
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that
issues
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positive
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it
way.
will
will
can
the
for
the
the
to
an
to
of be 20 CHAPTER 3
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
In his essay entitled “The Hermeneutical Dilemma”, William Myers argues that
“a primary responsibility of the African American Biblical scholar is to aid the African
American believing community in understanding, surviving, and altering its present
socio-political situation through accurate and appropriate interpretation and application of
Holy Scripture.”31 While the researcher agrees that appropriate interpretation is critical
to the community of faith, he would add that an additional responsibility of the Biblical
scholar is to aid the believing community in understanding its role in serving and helping
those who are in need. In this chapter, the researcher will review the conceptual
framework that will be utilized to organize the thoughts and concepts that will ultimately
enable Mt. Olive to become a congregation that serves the community beyond the walls
of the church. The conceptual framework will consist of three sections or “frames”: 1)
the Theological frame; 2) The Biblical frame; and 3) the Empirical Literature frame.
Theological frame
In considering the God-head, the presence and praxis of Jesus clearly
demonstrates our Lord’s efforts concerning social engagement and community outreach.
Specifically, the researcher believes that the example and ethic of Jesus Christ make it
clear that churches are called to reach beyond their walls and serve those in need, for
through the church’s outreach efforts, and via the power of the Holy Spirit, lives will be
31 Cain Hope Felder, “Stony TheRoad We Trod, “(Minneapolis, MN : Augsburg fortress Press, 199fl, p. 44
21
observation: no
by
a
(Matt.
will when
clothing
for
These
are
necessary
will
church
addresses transformed.
profound
deeds?”
scriptures
those
called
be
bring
we
25:34).
verses
The
prison
considered
something
clothes
hungiy kingdom
Come,
In
is
to
care
in
to
called
Matthew’s
to
the
question:
about
(James
notion
those
need;
help
beyond
serve
give
and
mandate
for
you
and
and
In
prepared
to
transformation
those
in
you
those
voice
“blessed”
to
of
those
that
2:14).
you you
short,
reach
who
need,
“What
the
being
drink,
Gospel,
came
gave in
for
clothed
Christians
in
to
are in
Gospels.
out
need:
for the
The
caring
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the
need
community
called
good
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and
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me
blessed
to
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writer
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reach
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of of
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called
example,
outreach;
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the need;
James
see
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in
sick
sick,
believes
brothers,
divine
25.34-36,)
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need;
Father,
walls the
creation
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eat,
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and
2)
and
and
follows
mandate
serve
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edict
Jesus,
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church,
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feeding your
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world.
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power
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that
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to
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the
clear
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was
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notion
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the
says
faith
was
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supported
following
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resources
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us
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clearly
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to
1)
care
has
we
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the 22
Boring
money
and
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receive
uninsured
when
also
to
sight
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5:17).
Holy
faith
looks
In
transform
anyone short,
drove
in spiritually
of
in
the
Spirit,
like.
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argues
changers
We
the
the
faith
During
you
Jesus
does
17)
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a
church
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man
out
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love
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see
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claim
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the
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of
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capacity
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serves
city
as
Organization.94
community
identify
(Bethesda,
ministry
CT),
follow
In
As
“members
and
to
a
and
a
Steps
of
in
faith-Based
vital
places
seen
Mt.
the
successful
religious
religious
accept
need.
Stockbridge
to
the to
zone, MD:
means
community?
Olive’s
in
faith-Based
in
ministry
successfully
anchor
of iiformation
the
The
the
Initiatives”,
congregations
activities.”96
the
of
outreach
to
need”
Alban
area
case,
the
congregation
help
in
institutions
is Initiatives”,
—
particular.
Institute,
church
to
for
from
places
According
and
the
p.
implement
ministry:
identify
ministry
1
serve
physical
can
1991),
where
in
must
the
the
be the
In
in
47
to
1) a
98
HarperCollins,
HarperCollins,
common
ministry
their
°°
community.
Square.”10°
Church
collection
This
which
Baptist
this
Ibid., Samuel
Samuel
Samuel
Ibid.
turf
book,
was
p.
the
St.
offered
G.
G.
that
and
49 Purses
seeking
A
cause:
in
Church
G.
and
Freedman,
Freedman,
not
practical
of
shopping
Paul
freedman
their
1993)
1993),
the
In
ran
freedman’s
their
Koreans,
Rev.
new
other were
both,
“the
Jew
help.”99
numbers,
Community
turf.
in
p.
responsibility,
49-50 trouble
“Upon
‘Upon
example
East
merchants
Youngblood
district
snatchec
legitimate
(and)
words,
profiles
The
Chinese,
book
Brooklyn,
This
This
the
the
for
near
church
St.
of
Rock:
Rock:
Church
Rev.
market
social
chains
Upon
needed stores
the
how
Paul
the
Italians,
so
would
The
The
Johnny
and
community.
they
church
NY.
a
This
saw
club
ripped
that
struggled
Miracles
stepped church
Miracles
security
the
“named
subsequently
this
Rock:
short-weighed
Puerto
that
According
Ray
was
business
from
established
area
of
of
sold
to
up
Youngblood
gripped
amid
a
a
The
But
Ricans,
it”
necks,
Black
Black
as
and
drugs,
and
Miracles
leaders
their
it
the
to
in
Church,
Church,
dub
made
with
was
car
old
business
embraced
freedman,
fried-chicken
its
and
the
social
batteries
meat.98
social
and
the
recognized crime enough “
“
Jews
the
of
boutique
(New
(New
the
shopping
the
context;
and
decision
the
context
and
into
York,
York,
there
St.
trouble
Black
stolen,
the
opportunity
joint
drugs:
Paul
that
that
a
NY:
NY:
church
they
was
can
black
area
Church.97
to
they
to
Community
be
saw
period
help
“bring
needed
“Christ
Baptist
seen
had
to
it
the
do
as
48
a
in
In
in a
p.
102
who ‘°‘
church
frequently
for 04
marginalized
03
able
that
St. precinct,
also
establishes
4
efforts,
decent
Ibid.,
Carl
Freedman,
Ibid.,
the
Paul
holds
have
to
identified
S.
p.
p.
may
Another
successfully
people
junior
Dudley,
In
month,
developed,
members.
24
bids
stores
51
The
was
a
and
been
the
that
Merchant’s
“Upon
the
begin
its
merchants
from
people
moved
used
community
they
who
“Basic
to
social
high
alienated,
enough
St.
its
key
This
serve
to
its
and
have
Paul
security
help
anchor
are
see
school A
Steps from
in
Rock”,
aspect
context,
facilities Association
formal
to
its
all
the
invisible
then
and
and
blended
example,
pay
and
together.”103
Toward
people
“the
signed
p.
community.
principal.
institutions
stand
serve
agencies,
of
shared
for
54
those
and
objectivity
as
list
identifying
Community
to
informational
into
a
and
in
a
was
their
is
one new
who
gathering
you;
of
with
solidarity
willing
bolster
the
formed:
In
others
suspects
Dues community.
-
membership
can
have
According
people
the
landscape.”°4
local
short,
Ministry”,
of
the
to
clearly precinct
the
an
are
place
been
with
to
flyers
do
businesses,
through
observer”
church’s
who
neighborhood.”10’
in
set
recruit
ministry
(Bethesda,
those
otherwise
for
to
the
list.
see
and
at
you
commander
Dudley,
the
their
one
recent
In
who
Several
what
night/v
more
social
may
to
local
finding
in
the
MD:
hundred
social
the
oppressed have
that
have happens
the
shopkeepers
schools,
crimes
merchants.
The
guard
“intimacy
agree
context
and
context.
the
faced
church context,
Through
Alban
ignored
dollars
marginalized,
the
duty.’°2
to
will
and
when
injustice,
and
solicit
is
institute,
local
must
of
St.
St.
to
victimized. As
the
be
or as
the
belonging a
Paul
a
Paul
find
a
seen
“search
church’s
1991),
church
result,
police
those
was
had
the
the
so 49
p.
105
the
this
avenue
these
delivering
complex
residents,
issues whole
groceries.
to
and
was
friend
as
researcher
institutions
Moreover,
25
Carl
reaching
researcher
a
avenue
buy
eating
Pastor,
seniors
S.
The
that of
community
informed
The
Dudley,
The
who
food.
boxes
food
and
During
served
many had
most
out
pet
researcher
we
notion
he
when
lived
know
needed
“Basic
subsequently
to
at
She
received
food
have
insecurity.
of
the
interesting
times
his
“strangers”
the
as
of
food
we
was
of
that
was
Steps
because researcher
trusted
a
first
food
conversation
seniors “finding
main
arranged
find
a
to
the
on
a
a
Toward
week,
pastorate
very
call
more
assistance.
a
complex
and
traffic The
thing
the
agreed
she
for
main
living
from
the
private
that
than
people
a
the
Community
help.
women
invisible
couldn’t
visit
invisible
about
artery
that
in
thoroughfare
researcher
the
there
to
in
thirty
was
Decatur,
Within woman,
with
we
ensued,
the
serve
friend
in
this
agreed
predominately
was
Ministry”,
afford
know
residents
people,
woman’s people”
the
the
example
as
a
of
Georgia.
an
never
the
and
community.
few
woman,
well.”°5
to one
to
a
in
elderly
researcher
(Bethesda,
we’ll
she
point
pay
brings
help
in
the
weeks,
even
of
complex
the
is
was
the
her
During
inhabited
community;
and
the woman
that
of begin
complex.
noticed
to
members
uncomfortable
MD:
the rent,
Yet,
contact
arrived mind
discovered
researcher
the
who
the
researcher’s
The
to
despite
purchase
in
by
the
community
an
researcher’s
see
Alban
were
the
with
a
seniors. for
of
experience
complex,
heavily
community
the
the
traveling that
meet
anyone
Institute,
facing
a
her
when
church.
few
church
“failures
there
This
in
the
medicine,
traveled
first
nor
bags
it
similar
that
1991),
which
in
down
was
other
came
was
was
who
did
year
The
the
the
of
50
of a
p.43
107
assembled
106
the
continuing people
to
08
community
the
concern
congregation,
distinctive
and
congregational
Congregational
support,
seniors, poor,
an
Thomas
Ibid.
Carl
examine
group
identity “invisible”
commitments
S.
To
forgotten,
of
The
Dudley,
Frank,
and
they
and
to
group,
God gain
power
from
ministry
the
voluntarily
second
speak
and
love.
were
the
“Basic
a
Soul
called
identity
community
term
Identity
full
others.”106
a
of and
community
character
that
congregation
the
no
of step
will
religious
Steps
understand
“congregation.”
the
food
together
longer
hold
choose
language
of
in
become
Congregation,”
Toward
establishing
the
insecure.
that
a
of
The
belief
invisible;
outreach
congregation
church.
to
and
was
of
the
Community
has
and
of
assemble
bottom
congregational
and
congregational
gifted
a
remain congregation,
inhabited
However,
(Nashville,
unique
a
ministry
According
they
Congregational
commitment
successful
line
Ministry”,
and
for
together,
strong.
were
culture
is
by
ministry
remain
TN:
“must
because
that
seen
identity,
“invisible”
to
(Bethesda,
community
Abington
compassion.”107
the
provides
motivate
and
Tom
in
touch
together
as
identity
congregation’s
in
the
order
God’s
particular
it
frank,
a
Press,
MD:
church
the
may
particular
people
the
its
to
ministry
over
“incorporates
people
The
nerve
2000),
be
gain
members,
fundamental
a
purpose.
Alban
began
time.
helpful
Thus, congregation
—
p.
of
support
seniors
who
is
place.”108
commitment
12
Institute, congregational
to
Hence,
to
by
at
and
needed
leverage
serve
However,
the
this
exploring
basis
who
from
make
1991),
beliefs
as
point
is
those
The
help,
were
for
an
the
the
“a
to
51 it
(Pittsburg,
Center
represent
109
community
rebuilt
church
them
congregation
are
congregational
°
cohesive
However,
easily the
congregation
concerning
reflected
rituals,
congregation
themselves.
because
Thomas
Melvin
the
context
to
miss
caught
in edifice
Another
means
Biblical
D. Every
PA:
and
Frank,
the
a
2011,
community.
in
Williams,
to
congregation
at
University
the
the
of
collective
legacy
can
those
Rather,
the
enabled
is
fire
Mt.
represented by
“Soul
identity.
a
congregation
example
culture
meaning
stories
expressed
the
larger
bring
congregation’s
which
and
Olive.
“Community
on
of
of
new
of
they
the
him
burned
the
the
Pittsburg
character.”°9
of
and
meaning
society.”0
assembles
of
Congregation,
a
of
Hence,
are
a
edifice
to
church.
inside,
in
the congregation
Today,
a
Black
themes.
certain
congregation’s
see
has
cormected
its
in
to
Press,
faithfulness
a
the “practices,
the
to
Black
identity.
came
a
the
their
Pentecostal
in
the
Thus,
However,
their
expressions
unique
1974),
assembly
“(Nashville,
ground.
for
a
In
Pentecostal
language
particular
old
language
to
to
expresses
short,
example,
lives,
p.
those
the
represent
building
of
values,
142
identity
For
culture
when
community
By
as church,
God
TN:
the
individually
on
or
Church:
place,
example,
a
reflected
of
1904,
“community”
its
in
Abington
phrases
the
outlooks,
culture
Mt.
and
is
or
is
the
the
the
he
faith.
its
congregations
outside
still
An
“soul.”
the
Olive
the
shares
symbols
in
future
late
assembly
Anthropological
the
in
or
Press,
(e.g.
church
which
standing
or
fortitude
Moreover,
symbols,
Melvin
1800’s
soul
erected
values
of
corporately,
that of
—
2000),
backslider,
Hence,
and the
they
a
was
of
Mt.
“subculture”
the
was
Mt.
and
are
and
community
its
stories.
of
p. a
Williams’
stories,
reside.
rebuilt,
Study,”
via
Olive
language
congregation
161
not
new
the
the
Olive
has
a heritage
by
stories,
saint,
islands
means
believing
soul
Worship
come
language,
Symbols
and
and
relating
Baptist
within
article
of
could
etc.).
of
of
the
the
the
unto
the
to
of
52
is
a a
p.44
112
congregational
strengths
church,
Yet,
ministry
youth
these.”
lives and
services
about
identify
continued
1:18).
Mt.
Carl
make
when
Olive
and
S.
ministry,
our
The
Mt.
As
Scripture
For
congregation
shapes
Although
Dudley,
There
F
successfully
that
and
the
making
or
New
disciples
it
father’s
previously
Olive
faithfulness
second
Biblical
comes
the
example,
limitations
seek
Member
are
survey
“Basic
and
its
church,
is
has
disciples,
Scripture
to
two
a
(Matt.
to
key
business”
own
Steps
foundation
the
‘s
reflect
yet transform
way
Orientation stated,
—
helping
Mt.
Biblical
key
of
of
a
aspect
worship,
to
Scripture
Toward
to
traditional
God,
28:l9).12
the
survey
Olive
rise
the
aspects
the
see
is
the
church.
(Lk.
and
foundational
up
Guide
church
lives
faith
of
church’s
for
the
in
Community
mission
invests
that
the
formation,
to
serving
leveraging
church.” the
2:49);
in
is
(2010),
its
(Rom.
gives
church.
way
While
Dudley
captures
leveraging
a
needs
Bible
full
mission a
and
way
Ministry”,
“to
God’s
significant
p.
of
us
potential.
12:2),
for
Mt.
$
work
confirms
and
Biblical
argues According
develop
the
to
a
understanding
a
window
to
Olive
people
all
broad
see
the
fellowship
serve
(Bethesda,
church’s
in
transform
that
Christians,
its
church’s
amount
foundation
the
that
a
is
based
beyond
the
mandate to
compliment
this
that
very
world;
our
Dudley:
MD:
least
identity
components
can
lives
of
looks
sample
the
effective
“God
identity.
The
the
time
be
of every
of
for
to
and
text.
Alban
membership
Mt.
accomplished
these
two
“serve
is
is
of
of and
identity,
make
faithful”
church
at
to
Olive
ministries
ways.
Institute,
The
what
of
(Matt.
transforming
resources
The
analyze
the
the
disciples.
first
is
“church
least
(2
of
1991),
“to
youth
25:4),
via
is
the and Cor.
the
of
be
in
53
to a
p. 117
116
‘‘ 114
leaders
values “
a
“imperative
leadership.
organize
want
church
church
into
social
Organization
dynamics
will
whether
be
members
69
vision
Frank,
Dudley, ibid.,
Carl
Ibid.,
able
action,
to
“offer
S.
p.
p.70
and
ministry.
A
knows
must
The
“Soul
establishes
Dudley,
and
do
77
“Basic
the
the
to
of
critical
think,
strengths.”117 it.”116
for
and
mobilize
a
resources
last
According
of
church
determine
congregational
give
where
larger
Steps
the
“Basic
effective
enables
step
According
feel,
Congregation,”
But
attention
aspect
its
Toward
will
Steps
social
framework
resources in
and
at
after
social
to
how
our
establishing
leadership,”
hand
financially
Toward
believe.”113
c’ommunity
To
Tom
of
ministry
knowing
to
vision
life.”114
to
the
context,
to
gain
Dudley,
building
p.
toward
various
“get
F
Community
for
161
church
rank,
for
an
support
fits
Ministry”,
understanding
for
a
“what
it
they
ministry
understanding
successful
Through
that done.”
“organizing
understanding
into
aspects
through
an
feels
Ministry”,
vision
to
know
this
their
p.
organization
do”
77
to about
type a
of
cultural
Christian
community
survey,
become
“what
by
and
(Bethesda,
the
the
puts
of
building
of
community
the
“why
personal
ministry
assembly.
understanding
the ideas
they
for
a
culture
identity
is
tangible
MD:
culture to
example,
ministry
want
“upon
on
effective
do
commitments
effort.
The
wheels,
outreach
it,”
of
they
to
Leaders
Alban
of
reality.”115
the
a
the
the
is
do”,
a
a
know In
congregation
congregation’s
leader
congregational
to
Institute,
congregation,
translates
next
short,
researcher
ministry
and
organize
must
“why
and
step
can
a
when When
1991),
survey
give
social
cast
is
they
faith
will
and
for
is
to
54
a a
HarperCollins,
122
121
Congregations,
2O
venture
action,
Hence,
educating,
park
compel
his
able
great
and/or
through
effecting
consensus
and
argue
present
attention
Wind
Ibid.
Samuel Ibid., James
Brooklyn
and
to
a
example
p.
&
consensus
The
consensus
P.
“beyond effect
that
fully
build
Rev.
local
G.
278
In
Lewis,
swimming
for
personal,
Wind
to
persuading, social
Freedman,
addition
builder
1993),
effective
consensus
“(Chicago,
ministry.
Johnny
the
understanding
an “social
officials
community
&
“American
of
the
James
organization
strengths
p.
change.”8
builder.
builders
this
charismatic
326
pool”
to
relative
styles
“Upon
Ray
change.”
congregational
IL: W.
understanding
leadership
to
and
builder
Congregations
University Lewis,
Youngblood,
install
in
into
This
are
and
According
of
seeking
homogeneity
the
that
and
leadership
able
Rock:
19
weaknesses
an
Crusaders
style
authority,”
‘American
church’s
“three
effective
style.
mobilize
of
“urban
to
The
to
Chicago
leadership
of
the
Vol.
to
leverage
build
pastor
Miracles
thousand
leadership
Robert
culture
Congregations
2,
Through
community.’2’
“holds
of
Ponderosa.”2°
are
“p.
of
and
the
coalitions
Press,
the
unity
the
of
277
leaders
partnerships
of
resources
lead
Franklin,
also
individual,
of
St.
special
a
1994),
congregation
missing
his
Black around
the
requires
Paul
them requires
Vol.
leadership, who
provide
congregation,
P.
Church,
promise
281
Community
the
of
2:
a In
to
street
particularistic
and
New
can
his
commonly
the
combination
short,
pursue
the
“(New
to
the
pave
Perspectives
church
“mobilize
ability
signs”
ability
discern
Rev.
for
St.
best
the
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