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Insights from Microsporogenesis in Asparagales
EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 9:5, 460–471 (2007) Constraints and selection: insights from microsporogenesis in Asparagales Laurent Penet,a,1,Ã Michel Laurin,b Pierre-Henri Gouyon,a,c and Sophie Nadota aLaboratoire Ecologie, Syste´matique et Evolution, Batiment 360, Universite´ Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Ce´dex, France bUMR CNRS 7179, Universite´ Paris 6FPierre & Marie Curie, 2 place Jussieu, Case 7077, 75005 Paris, France cMuse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, De´partement de Syste´matique et Evolution Botanique, 12 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris CP 39, France ÃAuthor for correspondence (email: [email protected]) 1Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth & Ruskin, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. SUMMARY Developmental constraints have been proposed different characteristics of microsporogenesis, only cell to interfere with natural selection in limiting the available wall formation appeared as constrained. We show that set of potential adaptations. Whereas this concept has constraints may also result from biases in the correlated long been debated on theoretical grounds, it has been occurrence of developmental steps (e.g., lack of successive investigated empirically only in a few studies. In this article, cytokinesis when wall formation is centripetal). We document we evaluate the importance of developmental constraints such biases and their potential outcomes, notably the during microsporogenesis (male meiosis in plants), with an establishment of intermediate stages, which allow emphasis on phylogenetic patterns in Asparagales. Different development to bypass such constraints. These insights are developmental constraints were tested by character discussed with regard to potential selection on pollen reshuffling or by simulated distributions. Among the morphology. INTRODUCTION 1991) also hindered tests using the concept (Pigliucci and Kaplan 2000). -
A Synopsis of Feral Agave and Furcraea (Agavaceae, Asparagaceae S. Lat.) in the Canary Islands (Spain)
Plant Ecology and Evolution 152 (3): 470–498, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1634 REGULAR PAPER A synopsis of feral Agave and Furcraea (Agavaceae, Asparagaceae s. lat.) in the Canary Islands (Spain) Filip Verloove1,*, Joachim Thiede2, Águedo Marrero Rodríguez3, Marcos Salas-Pascual4, Jorge Alfredo Reyes-Betancort5, Elizabeth Ojeda-Land6 & Gideon F. Smith7 1Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium 2Schenefelder Holt 3, 22589 Hamburg, Germany 3Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, C/ El Palmeral nº 15, Tafira Baja, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain 4Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain 5Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava (ICIA). C/ Retama 2, 38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Canary Islands, Spain 6Viceconsejería de Medio Ambiente. Gobierno de Canarias. C/ Avda. de Anaga, 35. Planta 11. 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain 7Department of Botany, P.O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031 South Africa / Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal *Corresponding author: [email protected] Background – Species of Agave and Furcraea (Agavaceae, Asparagaceae s. lat.) are widely cultivated as ornamentals in Mediterranean climates. An increasing number is escaping and naturalising, also in natural habitats in the Canary Islands (Spain). However, a detailed treatment of variously naturalised and invasive species found in the wild in the Canary Islands is not available and, as a result, species identification is often problematic. -
The Agavaceae: Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Appraisal
Journal of Experimental Sciences Vol. 2, Issue 3, Pages 20-24 [2011] www.jexpsciences.com Regular Article The Agavaceae: Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Appraisal D.A.Patil1* and R.M.Pai2 1P.G. Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.Sanstha’s L.K.Dr.P.R.Ghogrey Science College, Dhule – 424005 (M.S.) India; 2Charanamrut’; 24, Swanand Nagar, Aurangabad-431005. (M.S.) India Doryantheae (Doryanthes) of the family Agavaceae. Traub (1975) ABSTRACT: A comparative assessment of the Agavaceae from the categorizes the genera into five tribes-Agaveae (Agave, Furcraea, standpoint of taxonomy and phylogeny is attempted in the light of Bravoa, Beschorneria), Yucceae (Yucca, Hesperoyucca, Cleistoyucca, different disciplines of morphology. The agavoids are apparently a Samuela, Hesperaloe), Hosteae (Hosta), Poliantheae (Polianthes, diverse assemblage, but brought under one roof by important Prochnyanthes, Pseudobravoa) and Nolineae (Nolina, Calibenus, phyletic parameters such as karyomorphology, stomatal nature, Dasylirion) under the family Agavaceae. He includes the genus pollen structure, perianth anatomy and androecial morphology, etc. Hosta under a separate tribe Hosteae under Agavaceae. He is of Polyphylesis is evident in the evolution of the group. The agavoids the opinion that the tribes Draceeneae and Phormieae are seem to have arisen from ancient liliaceous stocks. They do not ‘problematic elements’. appear to be the progenitors of any of the higher data of petaloid It is only in the Hutchinson’s scheme (1973) that the genera find monocotyledons. The present authors are inclined to treat the treatment in one composite family Agavaceae under six tribes, e.g., agavoids best under four distinct taxonomic entities viz., Agaveae, Yucceae, Dracaeneae, Phormieae, Nolineae, Agaveae and Phormieae, Doryantheae and Dracaeneae under the Agavaceae. -
And Type the TITLE of YOUR WORK in All Caps
PHYLOGENOMIC PLACEMENT OF ANCIENT POLYPLOIDY EVENTS WITHIN THE POALES AND AGAVOIDEAE (ASPARAGALES) by MICHAEL RAMON MCKAIN (Under the Direction of James H. Leebens-Mack) ABSTRACT Polyploidy has been an important component to the evolution of angiosperms. Recent studies have shown that an ancient polyploid (paleopolyploid) event can be traced to the lineage leading to the diversification of all angiosperms, and it has long been known that recurring polyploid events can be found throughout the angiosperm tree of life. With the advent of high- throughput sequencing, the prominent place of paleopolyploid events in the evolutionary history of angiosperms has become increasingly clear. Polyploidy is thought to spur both diversification and trait innovation through the duplication and reworking of gene networks. Understanding the evolutionary impact of paleopolyploidy within the angiosperms requires knowing when these events occurred during angiosperm evolution. This study utilizes a high-throughput phylogenomic approach to identify the timing of paleopolyploid events by comparing the origin of paralogous genes within a gene family to a known species tree. Transcriptome data derived from taxa in lineages with previously little to no genomic data, were utilized to assess the timing of duplication events within hundreds of gene families. Previously described paleopolyploid events in the history of grasses, identified through analyses of syntenic blocks within Poaceae genomes, were placed on the Poales phylogeny and the implications of these events were considered. Additionally, a previously unverified paleopolyploidy event was found to have occurred in a common ancestor of all members of the Asparagales and commelinids (including Poales, Zingiberales, Commelinales, Arecales and Dasypogonales). The phylogeny of the Asparagaceae subfamily Agavoideae was resolved using whole chloroplast genomes, and two previously unknown paleopolyploid events were described within the context of that phylogeny. -
Latin for Gardeners: Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored
L ATIN for GARDENERS ACANTHUS bear’s breeches Lorraine Harrison is the author of several books, including Inspiring Sussex Gardeners, The Shaker Book of the Garden, How to Read Gardens, and A Potted History of Vegetables: A Kitchen Cornucopia. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 © 2012 Quid Publishing Conceived, designed and produced by Quid Publishing Level 4, Sheridan House 114 Western Road Hove BN3 1DD England Designed by Lindsey Johns All rights reserved. Published 2012. Printed in China 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00919-3 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00922-3 (e-book) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harrison, Lorraine. Latin for gardeners : over 3,000 plant names explained and explored / Lorraine Harrison. pages ; cm ISBN 978-0-226-00919-3 (cloth : alkaline paper) — ISBN (invalid) 978-0-226-00922-3 (e-book) 1. Latin language—Etymology—Names—Dictionaries. 2. Latin language—Technical Latin—Dictionaries. 3. Plants—Nomenclature—Dictionaries—Latin. 4. Plants—History. I. Title. PA2387.H37 2012 580.1’4—dc23 2012020837 ∞ This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). L ATIN for GARDENERS Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored LORRAINE HARRISON The University of Chicago Press Contents Preface 6 How to Use This Book 8 A Short History of Botanical Latin 9 Jasminum, Botanical Latin for Beginners 10 jasmine (p. 116) An Introduction to the A–Z Listings 13 THE A-Z LISTINGS OF LatIN PlaNT NAMES A from a- to azureus 14 B from babylonicus to byzantinus 37 C from cacaliifolius to cytisoides 45 D from dactyliferus to dyerianum 69 E from e- to eyriesii 79 F from fabaceus to futilis 85 G from gaditanus to gymnocarpus 94 H from haastii to hystrix 102 I from ibericus to ixocarpus 109 J from jacobaeus to juvenilis 115 K from kamtschaticus to kurdicus 117 L from labiatus to lysimachioides 118 Tropaeolum majus, M from macedonicus to myrtifolius 129 nasturtium (p. -
PHYLOGENY of AGAVACEAE BASED on Ndhf, Rbcl, and ITS SEQUENCES: IMPLICATIONS of MOLECULAR DATA for CLASSIFICATION
Allen Press x DTPro System GALLEY 311 File # 25ee Name /alis/22_125 12/16/2005 01:25PM Plate # 0-Composite pg 311 # 1 Aliso, 22(1), pp. 311±326 q 2005, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711-3157 PHYLOGENY OF AGAVACEAE BASED ON ndhF, rbcL, AND ITS SEQUENCES: IMPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR DATA FOR CLASSIFICATION DAVID J. BOGLER,1,4 J. CHRIS PIRES,2,5 AND JAVIER FRANCISCO-ORTEGA3 1Missouri Botanical Garden, Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA; 2Department of Agronomy, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; 3Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida 33199, and Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 11935 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, Florida 33156, USA 4Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Great advances have been made in our understanding of the phylogeny and classi®cation of Aga- vaceae in the last 20 years. In older systems Agavaceae were paraphyletic due to overemphasis of ovary position or habit. Discovery of a unique bimodal karyotype in Agave and Yucca eventually led to a reexamination of concepts and relationships in all the lilioid monocots, which continues to the present day. Developments in cytogenetics, microscopy, phylogenetic systematics, and most recently DNA tech- nology have led to remarkable new insights. Large-scale rbcL sequence studies placed Agavaceae with the core Asparagales and identi®ed closely related taxa. Analysis of cpDNA restriction sites, rbcL, and ITS nrDNA sequences all supported removal of Dracaenaceae, Nolinaceae, and clari®ed relationships. Agavaceae s.s. presently consists of Agave, Beschorneria, Furcraea, Hesperaloe, Hes- peroyucca, Manfreda, Polianthes, Prochnyanthes, and Yucca. -
Transcriptome Analysis of Three Agave Fiber-Producing Cultivars Suitable for Biochemicals and Biofuels Production in Semiarid Re
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.132837; this version posted June 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Transcriptome analysis of three Agave fiber-producing cultivars suitable 2 for biochemicals and biofuels production in semiarid regions 3 4 Fabio Trigo Raya1; Marina Pupke Marone1; Lucas Miguel Carvalho1; Sarita Candida Rabelo2; Maiki 5 Soares de Paula1; Maria Fernanda Zaneli Campanari1; Luciano Freschi3; Juliana Lischka Sampaio 6 Mayer4; Odilon Reny Ribeiro Ferreira Silva5; Piotr Mieczkowski6; Marcelo Falsarella Carazzolle1,7; 7 Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira1*; 8 9 1: Laboratório de Genômica e BioEnergia, Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, 10 UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil; 11 2: Departamento de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Campus 12 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; 13 3: Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, USP, São Paulo, Brazil; 14 4: Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 15 13083-970, Brazil; 16 5: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Algodão, EMBRAPA, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58428- 17 095, Brazil; 18 6: High-Throughput Sequencing Facility, School of Medicine, UNC-Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, 19 USA; 20 7: Centro para Computação em Engenharia e Ciências, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-861, Brazil. 21 *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 22 23 ABSTRACT 24 • Agaves, which have been grown commercially for fiber or alcoholic beverages, are emerging as a candidate 25 crop for biochemicals and biofuels production in semiarid regions because of their high productivity in low rainfall 26 areas, drought tolerance, and low lignin content. -
Cactus and Succulent Plants: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Cactus and Succulent Plants: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC’s Action Plans, Occasional Papers, news magazine (Species), Membership Directory and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation; to date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to Specialist Groups. As a result, the Action Plan Programme has progressed at an accelerated level and the network has grown and matured significantly. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Chicago Zoological Society (CZS] provides significant in-kind and cash support to the SSC, including grants for special projects, editorial and design services, staff secondments and related support services. The mission of CZS is to help people develop a sustainable and harmonious relationship with nature. The Zoo carries out its mission by informing and inspiring 2,000,OOO annual visitors, serving as a refuge for species threatened with extinction, developing scientific approaches to manage species successfully in zoos and the wild, and working with other zoos, agencies, and protected areas around the world to conserve habitats and wildlife. The Council ofAgriculture (CO&, Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC’s Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. -
Cam) in the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae
EVOLUTIONARY PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM (CAM) IN THE AGAVOIDEAE (ASPARAGACEAE) by CAROLINE HEYDUK (Under the Direction of Jim Leebens-Mack) ABSTRACT Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a mode of photosynthesis found in ~6% of flowering plants and serves as an adaptation to water-limited habitats. CAM plants open their stomata for gas exchange at night, when transpiration rates are lower, and fix CO2 via an alternative pathway. Carbon is stored as organic acids during the night, then decarboxylated during the day behind closed stomata. CAM results in high levels of CO2 around RuBisCO, the primary carbon-fixing enzyme in all green plants, with minimal water loss. Although CAM occurs in at least 35 separate lineages, its evolutionary trajectory from C3 is unknown. Here we explore the evolutionary patterns of CAM across the Agavoideae, a subfamily of species that includes Agave and Yucca. Anatomical observations paired with character evolution show that species of the Agavoideae may have been preadapted to the CAM syndrome, with many C3 species showing CAM-like morphology. Comparative physiology was explored in more detail in a Yucca hybrid system, where a CAM and C3 species hybridized to form a C3-CAM intermediate. The parents and hybrid offspring were characterized for anatomical and physiological traits and show the hybrid is able to convert from C3 carbon fixation to 100% CAM uptake under periods of drought stress. Finally, the hybrid system in Yucca was used to understand the transcriptional regulation of the CAM pathway; despite lacking any CAM anatomy or physiology, the C3 parental species shows similar gene expression patterns as the CAM species, indicating perhaps an ancestral gene expression pattern that enabled the evolution of CAM in a subset of Yucca species. -
Morphological Characteristics of Leaves and Stems of Selected Texas Woody Plants
D c ^ /sr^ TB 1564/1/78 r -d. ^"^ MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAVES AND STEMS OF SELECTED TEXAS WOODY PLANTS IN COOPERATION WITH TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION cr m ,^^^ UNITED STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY (Cyyj) DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN AGRICULTURAL ^^é^ AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1564 RESEARCH SERVICE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAVES AND STEMS OF SELECTED TEXAS WOODY PLANTS IN COOPERATION WITH TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION R. E. MEYER, PLANT PHYSIOLOGIST, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF RANGE SCIENCE, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY COLLEGE STATION, TEX. 77843 S. M. MEOLA, RESEARCH ENTOMOLOGIST, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY RESEARCH LABORATORY COLLEGE STATION, TEX. 77840 WASHINGTON, D.C. ISSUED APRIL 1978 UNITED STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1564 RESEARCH SERVICE ABSTRACT MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAVES AND STEMS OF SELECTED TEXAS WOODY PLANTS. R. E. Meyer and S. M. Meola. U.S. Dep. Agrie. Tech. Bull. No. 1564, 200 pp. The morphological characteristics of leaves and stems of some Texas woody plants were studied from 1966 to 1976. Species representative of various plant families, important undesirable brush species, and impor- tant commercial timber species in Texas were selected. Frequencies of stomata were determined on leaves of 103 species of 30 plant families. Although the leaves of most species had stomata only on the lower sur- face, 17 species in the Pinaceae, Palmae, Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Salicaceae, Leguminoseae, Zygophyllaceae, Solonaceae, and Compositae families had stomata on both surfaces. Frequency of stomata varied widely among species; however, species with stomata on both leaf sur- faces averaged 198 on the upper and 243 on the lower surface per mm^ respectively. -
GALLEY 195 File # 15Ee
Allen Press x DTPro System GALLEY 195 File # 15ee Name /alis/22_115 12/16/2005 01:40PM Plate # 0-Composite pg 195 # 1 Aliso, 22(1), pp. 195±201 q 2006, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711-3157 APERTURE PATTERN AND MICROSPOROGENESIS IN ASPARAGALES SOPHIE NADOT,1,3 LAURENT PENET,1 LEANNE D. DREYER,2 ARLETTE FORCHIONI,1 AND ADRIENNE RESSAYRE1 1Laboratoire Ecologie SysteÂmatique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France; 2Botany Department, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT The aperture pattern of pollen grains is a character de®ned as the number, shape, and position of apertures. Although this character is highly variable in angiosperms, two states are particularly wide- spread. Pollen grains with one polar aperture occur frequently in basal angiosperms and monocots while tricolpate pollen is a synapomorphy of the eudicots. Many morphological characters are the result of a compromise between selective forces (acting on morphology) and developmental constraints (limiting the range of possible morphologies). To investigate what are the respective roles of devel- opment and selection in the determination of aperture pattern in angiosperms, we have chosen to study the characteristics of cell division during male meiosis, since it has been shown that aperture pattern is determined during microsporogenesis. The present study focuses on Asparagales. From a selection of species belonging to the major families of Asparagales, we described the type of cytokinesis, the way callose is deposited, the shape of the tetrad, as well as the shape and position of apertures within the tetrad. -
North American Rock Garden Society |
Bulletin of the \ American Rock Garden Society ('^^^c8ssB!WHMi^s^'T»SB^5il^B IW^^^BBI MiSjiKEuSKOT %SjS\<* W^^Sf'SiS^ " ..jri'.'l '"•V^Jw^^Jj^^^^^^r '' £ ~ -sis "* * ' ; ~~ ~ * „ r ; '--»-- -t • - • " #p - : , . " A-JC; •• . ?S * » VOL. 46 SUMMER 1988 NO. 3 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY CONTENTS VOL. 46 NO. 3 SUMMER 1988 Heavenly Mountains: Ala Dag—Zdenek Zvolanek 113 The MacPhail and Watson Turkish Veronicas: A Symposium- Roy Davidson, Betty Blake, Panayoti Kelaidis, Betty Lowry, Mark McDonough 120 Shaded Beauty—Andrew Pierce 126 A New Public Rock Garden—Donald W. Humphrey 135 Seed Propagation in a Coldframe—Morris West 138 Of Interest from the Chapters: Bulbs: Nature's Miraculously Packaged Flowers— Charles Hardman 140 Plant Conservation and the ARGS—Judy Glattstein 143 A Sandy Rock Garden— Irma M. Gourley 145 The Exchange 153 Omnium-Gatherum—SFS 155 CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS Annual Meeting (Columbia-Willamette Chapter) Rippling River Resort, Welches, Oregon July 29-31, 1988 Eastern Winter Study Weekend (Allegheny Chapter) Pittsburgh Hilton January 27-29, 1989 Western Winter Study Weekend—Vancouver (Alpine Garden Club of British Columbia) February 1989 Annual Meeting (Delaware Valley Chapter) Wilmington, Delaware 1989 Cover: Veronica liwanensis and Galium (Asperula) odoratum (p. 124) Andrew Pierce, photographer Published quarterly by the AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY, a tax-exempt, non-profit organization incorporated under the laws of the state of New Jersey. You are invited to join. Annual dues (Bulletin included), to be submitted in U.S. funds or International Money Order, are: General Membership, $20.00 (includes domestic or foreign, single or joint — two at same address to receive one Bulletin, one Seed List); Patron, $50.00; Life Member (individual only), over 55, $300; under 55, $350.