The Last Large Intact Forests in Northwest Russia
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The last large intact forests in Northwest Russia Protection and sustainable use Tor Kristian Spidsø & Ole Jakob Sørensen (Eds.) TemaNord 2009:523 The last large intact forests in Northwest Russia Protection and sustainable use TemaNord 2009:523 © Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2009 ISBN 978-92-893-1848-8 Print: Scanprint as Cover: Layout: Cover photo: Copies: 250 Printed on environmentally friendly paper This publication can be ordered on www.norden.org/order. Other Nordic publications are available at www.norden.org/publications Printed in Denmark Nordic Council of Ministers Nordic Council Store Strandstræde 18 Store Strandstræde 18 DK-1255 Copenhagen K DK-1255 Copenhagen K Phone (+45) 3396 0200 Phone (+45) 3396 0400 Fax (+45) 3396 0202 Fax (+45) 3311 1870 www.norden.org Nordic co-operation Nordic cooperation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and three autonomous areas: the Faroe Islands, Green- land, and Åland. Nordic cooperation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic cooperation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. Content Preface................................................................................................................................. 7 Summary............................................................................................................................ 11 1. The Great Gray Owl, (Strix nebulosa), Borodataja nejasit............................................ 15 2. Forest as a phenomenon of spiritual culture.................................................................. 17 References..................................................................................................................... 25 3. “Solovetsky green meridian” and SNS “Svyatye roshschi” (sacred groves) – of the national park “Kenozersky” in the light of Delos initiative................................. 27 References..................................................................................................................... 36 4. About protection of natural and cultural heritage – the territory between Severnaya Dvina and Pinega Rivers (Archangel Oblast)............. 37 References..................................................................................................................... 43 5. Preservation of the last large intact forests and biodiversity of the Archangelsk Oblast in Russia – an important task in international cooperation............................................................... 45 References................................................................................................................ .... 50 6. System of Nature Protected Areas (NPA) – the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the features of Intact Forest Landscapes (IFL) and efficiency of their protection............................................................................................. 51 References..................................................................................................................... 54 7. The state and problems of indigenous forests preservation in Eastern Fennoscandia........................................................................................................ 55 References..................................................................................................................... 65 8. Structures in old growth forest stands in the Yula river basin....................................... 67 References..................................................................................................................... 75 9. Biodiversity conservation in taiga forests – based on island ecology approaches; towards a broad management strategy................ 77 References..................................................................................................................... 81 10. Bird communities in European taiga forest – A comparison between some small-grained old-growth fragments in Lierne, central Norway, and a large forest block in Archangelsk, Russia..................................... 83 References................................................................................................................... 92 11. New ideas concerning the spruce forests origin and stability in Archangelsk region – in light of the last years mass drying.............................................................................. 95 References................................................................................................................... 98 12. Development of survey methodology – for biologically valuable forests (up to 50,000 ha) in the North-West Russia............. 101 References................................................................................................................. 112 13. Balancing production and biodiversity – by conservation, management and restoration in boreal forest landscapes in Fennoscandia and NW Russia: The need for performance targets.................................. 115 References................................................................................................................. 121 14. Seven steps towards know-ledge production and learning for sustainable forest landscape management and good governance....................................................... 123 References................................................................................................................. 135 15. The implementation of Sustainable Forestry and Biodiversity Care – at Oust Potchenga/TiTan Group in Pinega; Aims and challenges................................ 137 16. Forest protection in Norway...................................................................................... 139 References................................................................................................................. 142 17. Sustainable forest management – within a framework of industrial and environmental quality certification................... 143 References................................................................................................................. 145 18. The new forest code for Russian forestry – and its importance as a tool for sustainable forest management and biodiversity maintenance................................................................................................. 147 19. Forest Code implementation into the practice of forest relations in Archangelsk Oblast – considering biological characteristics of the northern forests...................................... 151 20. FSC and conservation of intact forest massives in North-West Russia................... 155 21. Socio-economic development of local communities – in specially protected areas of Archangelsk oblast....................................................... 157 22. Lierne municipality; – its nature, history and local culture – and new development following changes due to national strategies on nature protection.............................................................................................................. 163 References................................................................................................................. 167 23. Norwegian State Forests and regional development – some examples on cooperative strategies with local municipalities............................ 169 References................................................................................................................. 174 24. Comments from “The Workshop on targets and tools for the maintenance of ecological and socio-cultural values of large intact forest areas in Russia”............... 175 25. Sustainable forest management – from policy to practice by communication, education and public awareness using landscapes as laboratories in Fennoscandia and NW Russia................................. 179 References................................................................................................................. 196 Summary and closing statement...................................................................................... 199 КРАТКИЙ ОТЧЕТ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ.......................................................................... 205 Sammendrag.................................................................................................................... 213 Preface The Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management (DN) and Nord- Trøndelag University College (HiNT) decided in autumn 2005 to apply Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) for financial support to arrange a Nordic-Russian conference with focus on protection and sustainable use of the last large intact forests in northwest Russia which is important to preserve western taiga biodiversity. The reason for this was partly that as Fennoscandian forests now are almost totally exploited over time, and very few and mostly also very small areas are left with pristine old- growth forests, Russia still have some large areas of forests lands left where ecological processes are still going on with only small impact of human activity (except for global air-pollution etc). Russian environment authorities, as well as Russian Forestry