Suftleamoue I1 I with ADM, You Get Audio Distribution Your Way

"IS86"jenuer suftleamoue i1 I With ADM, You Get Audio Distribution Your Way.

Transformer...or...Differential

DA-T16C Amplifier DA-D16A Amplifier

...and One Great Frame Houses Both.

4411411131lftroP

CH -20C Frame

Whichever you prefer - transformer or differ- which includes a redundant power supply ential - you get a superb Audio Distribution with automatic changeover. system with ADM. Both have exceptionally high reliability Both amplifiers are one -input, six -output backed by ADM's five-year unconditional cards. Each has an ultra low noise level with warranty. So take your choice. You get a great distortion less than .1% at +24dBm. Each has system either way. 6 individual front panel gain adjustments and For more information, contact: 6 individual test points for audio outputs. ADM Technology, Inc., - The Audio Company Up to six of either amplifier can be inter- - 1626 E. Big Beaver Road, Troy, MI48084. changeably housed in our CH2OC rack frame, Phone (313) 524-2100. TLX23-1114.

The Audio Company

WEST CENTRAL SALES WEST COAST SALES MAIN OFFICE AND (817) 467-2990 (415) 945-0181 EAST COAST SALES (313) 524-2100 Circle (1) on Reply Card Getthan morefor... Sys pay Video theDigitalSynchronizer With FramestoreMidwest. from

10.1101.1 MICRO SYNCHRONIZER slihrus NM 1.111111 .(111 41 SLACT FRAMESTORE .0111N 1.11.1.1:1

WINO COLO* DIGITAL

DIGITAL K) incoming when DIGITAL bars IL< color muiti-source lost. Providesis frame. DIGITAL get signalsprofessionalandand *4) you Alloy, field line V more freeze teletext, Corp. Phasergeten- programs. VIRS. correct the Youthe PerformsVITS. inthe at getthink. ofofthe Butof MIDST you Passes you one You captions youmore.one Communications Whenthan becauseof a closed As in Drive41017 more industry.V is andfield. Vgivesforless. SpertiKY expertisethePhaserget Phaser it distributorsvolume. One dependabilityinThe You the youget in case. gineeringnames Vboasts So componentdealsInthis Edgewood, TN flexibility. Midwest unit. Nashville. biggest synchronizer.ensure largestMidwest 800-543-1584615-331-5791 more Phaserthat any the lessper OH getframestoreThe country. Cincinnati. Bristol,TN full featuresunder thecharge 606-331-8990OH 615-968-2289MO quality.of So we Louis, quality regular Columbus. St morelist 314-225-4655 long and themain- 614-476-2800OH GA a 995 Atlanta, fromwe Dayton. VA fading. $5 Phaser 513-298-0421OH 404-875-3753 consummate 54.000sinceof as Beach. condition. wiping,vertical And soon Cleveland. Virginia include: savings of as are 804-464-6256 cutting,without a 59,995.inventory 216-447-9745PA NC These sync, of order get Pittsburgh. Charlotte, effects pricein-depthyour discountsto 412-364-6780IN 704-399-6336VA Enables generated an ship want V, switcher delay tain can Quantity Indianapolis. Richmond. of we it. if youPhaser 804-262-5788_DC roll. digitally V's, So in a 317-872-2327MI blanking.systems receive for Detroit. Washington of we pay MI 301-577-4903 Providesand available. 313-689-9730 FL complex youtoday. Rapids. burst insertion alsothan Grand Miami. compensators.in moreMidwest 616-796-5238KY 305-592-5355FL Replaces and keyed Louisville, Tampa, linessynchronousand contact 502-491-2888KY 813-8859308

Allows ofincoming Lexington. commercialscontrol 606-277-4994WV messages.full Charleston,

Allowssignals. video Cir,, Card (3)n °PIP BROaDCaST® encineeRinG BRoaDcasl-nt oli

peeped 3 The journal of broadcast technology 1111 January 1985 Volume 27 No. 1

BROADCASTING FROM THE FIELD: ENG/RENG/EFP SPECIAL The art of gathering outside program material and returning it to the station has advanced significantly in recent years. New technology has removed the barriers of the studio and is taking viewers and listeners to virtually any location.

22 RENG: New Technology For New Requirements By Jerry Whitaker, radio editor A well -designed radio ENG system can meet your present needs and will be ready to handle future challenges. THE COVER this month shows the fast paceoftoday's ENG operation. 44 Field Report: Electro-Voice ELX-1 Remote Mixer Camera operator Tony Mock and senior By Brad Dick, director of engineering, KANU/KFKU, University of Kansas, technician John Getz, of WPXI/TV-11, Lawrence Pittsburgh, transfer equipment from an How this new remote location audio mixer performed during field use. ENG van to a helicopter. In television andradio,ENG technology allows 52 Full Fidelity Remote Broadcasts newsgathering to be faster than ever. By Dennis Ciapura, technology consultant (Photo by Rick Evans.) You can produce high quality radio remote broadcasts on a modest budget.

56 For The ENG Tech By Carl Bentz, television editor Setting up a maintenance program will keep ENG equipment where it be- longs-on the road.

62Planning An ENGIEFP Unit? There is more to choosing a remote unit than writing the check.

76 Rapid Response With Live ENG By John Getz, WPXI/TV-11, Pittsburg With practice and planning, you can set up a live shot in less than three minutes. DEPARTMENTS OTHER FEATURES 4 1985 Calendar 80The Effects of ac Line Disturbances, Part 5 6 Strictly TV By Jerry Whitaker, radio editor 10 Satellite Update Transient suppression technology has moved beyond the days of spark 12 AM Stereo Update gaps and R -C snubbers. 14 FCC Update 20 Editorial 86AES Replay 118 Troubleshooting By Jerry Whitaker, radio editor, and Blair Benson, TV technology 129 Associations consultant 130 New Products The 76th convention dispelled lingering doubts about the arrival of the digital era.

90 Focusing On The Future Of Image Technology: SMPTE '84 Analog systems proliferated, but they did not win universal acceptance.

94 Building An STL system In the August BE, an article by Bebe By John Leonard McClain, "1/4-inch-An '84 Reality," im- How to design, build and maintain an aural STL system. plied the SMPTE was about to adopt a 1/4 -inch standard format. No standard 108 Plant Tour: Broadcast Electronics was released at the October SMPTE con- By Jerry Whitaker, radio editor vention, and work on the standard is ex- Founded as a cart machine maker, the company's product lines have expected to begin in February. (Coverage panded to include transmitters, audio consoles and turntables. of the convention begins on page 94.)

©Copyright 1985, by Intertec Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. Photocopy rights: Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use is granted by Intertec Publishing Corporation. for libraries and others registered with Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided the base fee of $2.00 per copy of article is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970. Special requests should be addressed to Cameron Bishop. NEXT MONTH publisher. Audio time base corrector ISSN 0007-1994. $2.00 + 0.00. developments BROADCAST ENGINEERING (USPS 338-130) is published monthly by Intertec Publishing Corporation, 9221 Ouivira Road, P.O. Box 12901, Overland Park, KS 66212-9981. Postmaster, return form 3579 to P.O. Box 12938 at Video time base corrector systems the above address. Audio and video special effects

2 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 ITACI INVENTS THE FIRST 1" VTR THAT WATCHES ITSELF SO YOU DON'T HAVE TO.

The revolutionary Hitachi fast/slow moticn range HR -230 1" VTR has the that provides real-time most advanced real-time, reverse and field/frame self -diagnostic capabilities still motion. Plus pro- ever perfected. grammable time com- I-1 either the record or pression up b 20%, with playback mote, a computer 0.1% accuracy. inside the HR -230 monitors A unique, concealed fold- 49 different performance param- out control panel groups edit- eters second .3y second. And t ing functions and separates edit stores this information within controls from the main control the memory for at a late panel. time-not just with numbers In short, it's the ultimate 1" and symbols, but in words. for networks, affiliates or tele- This means no more errors production companies. Don't slip by when your operator is not consider your next 1" pur- there. And there's no more need chase without looking into for hit-or-miss spot checkin4 it. Contact Hitachi Denshi The Hitachi HR -23D has a America, Ltd., Broadcast unique quick -threading tape and Professiona_ Division, path, incorporating retract- 175 Crossways Park West, ing -entrance and exit guides, Woodbury, NY 11797. (516) mai i erase head, as well as 921-7200 or (800) 645-7510. a scanner air system zhat Hitachi Denshi, Ltd. (Canada), protects tapes. 65 Melford Drive. Scarbor- It recues a 30 -second seg- ough, Ontario MIB 2G6. mert in 3.5 seconds.. It has 299-5900.

Hitachi 1985 calendar

Jan. 5-8 May 12.15 June 27.29 Association of Independent Television Broadcast Financial Management, Third Seoul International Broadcasting Stations, Los Angeles Chicago & Communications Equipment Exhibi- tion, Kosami Exhibition Hall (Yeoi-Do), Jan. 10.14 May 14.15 Seoul, South Korea National Association of Television Pro- LPTV, WesternBonaventure,Los gram Executives, Hilton, San Francisco Angeles July 23.25 Jan. 13.16 May 15.18 WOSU-Broadcast Engineering Con- PTC '85, Honolulu PublicBroadcastingService/National ference, Fawcett Center For Tomorrow, Association of Public Television Sta- Columbus, OH Feb. 3.6 tions, St. Francis Hotel, San Francisco National Religious Broadcasters Con- Aug. 8 -Sept. 14 vention,SheratonWashington, May 19.23 World Administrative Radio Conference, Washington, DC NationalPublicRadio,MariottCity Geneva, Switzerland Center, Denver Feb. 11.15 Sept. 11.14 Video Expo/SanFrancisco,Civic May 29 -June 1 Radio Convention and Programming Auditorium, San Francisco ITVA Conference, Marriott, New Orleans Conference,Loew's AnatoleHotel, Dallas Feb. 15-16 June 2.5 SMPTE, St. Francis Hotel, National Cable Television Association, Sept. 12-14 San Francisco Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV RTNDA Fall, Opryland Hotel, Nashville, TN March 5.8 June 5.9 AES, Hamburg, West Germany Broadcast Promotion Association/ Sept. 30 -Oct. 4 Video Expo/New York, New York April 14.17 BroadcastDesigners Association, NAB '85, Convention Center, Hyatt Regency, Chicago Oct. 8.11 Las Vegas, NV AES, New York June 6-12 May 7.11 14th International Television Oct. 27 -Nov. 1 American Women in Radio & Television, Symposium and Technical Exhibition, SMPTE, Conference Center, Los Angeles Hilton, New York Montreaux, Switzerland *)))11

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS ADVERTISING SALES BRoa9rciarT Acoustical Society of America OFFICES Society of Broadcast Engineers NEW YORK, NEW YORK CIRCULATION Joe Concert, John C. Arnst, Director Phone: (212) 682-6630 Editorial and advertising correspondence should Ann Pearce, be addressed to: P.O. Box 12901, Overland Park, Evelyn Rogers, Manager Phone: (212) 697-7050 KS 66212.9981 (a suburb of Kansas City, MO); (913) Dee Manies, Reader Correspondent 630 Third Ave., Eighth Floor 888-4664. Telex: 42-4156 Intertec OLPK. Circula- New York, NY 10017 tion correspondence should be sent to the above ADMINISTRATION address, under P.O. Box 12937. R. J. Hancock, President SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA Cameron Bishop, Publisher Herbert A. Schiff, Eric Jacobson, Associate Publisher Phone (213) 393-9285 EDITORIAL Jason Perlman, Carl Bentz, Television Editor ADVERTISING Phone (213) 458-9987 Jerry Whitaker, Radio Editor Dee Unger, Advertising Supervisor Schiff & Associates Nils Conrad Persson, Electronics Editor Mary Birnbaum, Production Manager 1408 Santa Monica Mall, Suite 200 David Hodes, Video Editor Santa Monica, CA 90401 Miguel Chivite, International Editor KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI Jan Winters, Fred Ampel, Audio Editor Member, Rhonda L. Wickham, Managing Editor P.O.Box 12901, Overland Park, KS 66212 American Business Press MP Phone: (913) 888-4664 Dan Torchia, Associate Editor Member, Tom Cook, Editorial Assistant Business Publications AMSTERDAM, HOLLAND Joy Culver, Editorial Assistant Audit of Circulation VBPA John Ashcratt & Co., John J. Lucassen, Akerdijk 150A, 1171 PV-Badhoevedorp, Pat Blanton, Directory Editor Holland ART Phone: 0-2968-6226 Kevin Callahan, Art Director BROADCAST ENGINEERING (LISPS 338.130) is Telex: 18406 HARKE NL James Sen Clark, Senior Graphic Designer published monthly (except In December, when NORWOOD, AUSTRALIA Darla Buckley, Graphic Designer two issues are published) by Intertec Publishing Hastwell, Williamson, Rouse Pty. Ltd. Corporation, 9221 Quivira Road, P.O. Box 12901, P.O. Box 419 TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS Overland Park, KS 66212-9981. Postmaster, return Norwood 5067, Australia John H. Battison, Antennas/Radiation form 3579 to P.O. Box 12938 at the above address. Phone: 332-3322 Blair Benson, TV Technology BROADCAST ENGINEERING is edited for cor- Telex: AA87113 porate management, engineers/technicians and Dennis Ciapura, Technology LONDON, ENGLAND Dane E. Ericksen, Systems Design other station management personnel at commer- cialand educationalradio and TV stations, Nicholas McGeachin, Howard T. Head, FCC Rules teleproduction studios, recording studios, CATV Suite 460, Southbank House, Wallace Johnson, FCC/Bdct. Engineering and CCTV facilities and government agencies. Black Prince Rd. Donald L. Markley, Facilities Qualified persons alsoinclude consulting London SE1 7SJ Harry C. Martin, Legal engineers and dealer/distributors of broadcast Telex: 295555LSPG equipment. Telephones:01-582-7522 Robert J. Nissen, Studio/Communications 01.587-1578 Hugh R. Paul, International Engineering SUBSCRIPTIONS: BROADCAST ENGINEERING is Richard Rudman, Spectrum Management mailed free to qualified persons in occupations TOKYO, JAPAN describedabove. Non -qualifiedpersons may Haruki Hirayama Art Schneider, A.C.E., Post -production subscribe at the following rates: United States, EMS, Inc., Elmer Smalling, Ill, Cable Systems one year, $25; all other countries, one year, $30. Sagami Bldg., 4-2-21, Shinjuku, Vincent Wasilewski, Communications Law Back issue rates, $5, except for the September Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan CORRESPONDING ASSOCIATIONS Buyers' Guide/Spec Book, which is $20. Rates in- (03) 350-5666 cludepostage. Adjustments necessitatedby Cable: EMSINCPERIOD American Society of TV Cameramen subscription termination atsingle copyrate. Telex: 2322520 EMSINCJ Assn. for Bdct. En9r. Standards Allow 6-8 weeks for new subscriptions or for National Association of Broadcasters change of address. Second class postage paid at 7.1985. All rights reserves National Radio Broadcasters Assn. Shawnee Mission, KS. SINTERTECIntertec Publishing Corporation

4 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 CALL IT A BREAKTHR 200 EDITORS CALL IT THE BEST MOVE THEY EVER MADE. Last year, over 200 video editors flipped over the E -FLEX' Digital Video Effects system from NEC. They also tumbled, turned, split, compressed, keyed and tracked their way through some unbelievable moves. Which didn't surprise us. Because we think E -FLEX the most potent creative tool in video. Want to master rloven-eni? Basic E -FLEX starts you poppin' with an amazing array of spins, speed changes, flips, multi-mcve;-, mosaics, and a he st of hot new moves that we just introduce -I. Care to conquer space? C)u- Optiflex option flies your effects thnugh 311 three dimensions. With picture perfect perspective. And when you'.e ready. you can add a digital file chromakeyer with RGB ginliti NEC's advanced digilal process technology makes all your moves incre rlibly tYan.;- parent. So all you do is make them up. On a clean CO ltrc .1 board that's only .3 bit n- ore complicated that the latest arcade craze. Find out why 200 editors are breaking their creative barriers. Call NEC toll-f-ee at 1-800-323-6656. It might be the best movs., you ever make.

IMAGINE WHAT WE -.L D01 -70R YOJ NEC America. Inc Broadca4l Equipe-en! avisicr 130 Martin Lane. Elk Gro' e Village. IL 6a)07 In Illinois 312-6-30-3792. Circle (5) on Reply "..sard 650-841

- _ @ON NECliolett1014 /1.1n,;rwZ,TIV by Carl Bentz, television editor Transmission standards: a reign of confusion Televisionisacommunications AMAC BASEBAND FREQUENCIES lines with 50 fields. The color subcar- mediuminalmosteverycountry rier is Amplitude for most SECAM systems around the world. A recent TV usage 4.406250MHz.Thevariationsof map shows only eight small areas SECAM centeronvariouspara- with limited or no TV service. Also, Thee Sequential meters. Color synchronization may be Luminance,d while most of the world enjoys color Chrome line or field ID types. television, three Asian and 11 African PAL uses phase switching of the countries are limited to monochrome n, reference with each TV line. SECAM I 2 3 4 S 5 7 3 broadcasts. The variations in color Frequency (1414c transmits aline of one colordif- television throughout the world, how- ference signal, then a line of the se- ever, lead to a state of confusion. Figure 3. Luminance and chroma occupy cond difference, with a memory sys- approximately 6MHz with a digital data tem allowing the two to be combined 3 + standards subcarrier at 7.16MHz. for display. Forthe most part, there are three Between the three, there is some color TV transmissionstandards. compatibilitybetween NTSC and There is a tendency for a country's PAL, as well as between PAL and selected standard to follow lines of SECAM. However, it is limited. political affiliation, past or present. NTSC is found throughout North Introducing components America. Greenland, Central America A number of video component for- andthewesternsideofSouth mals have been introduced in the last America, as well asJapan, South severalyears. Aimed primarilyat Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines and satellitetransmissionapplications, Burma, use the NTSC system. these multiplexed analog component Figure 4. C -MAC time multiplexes the data at RF with the baseband chroma and luminance on each TV line.

PALisfar more scattered, with significant use in all continents except North America. SECAM is the French standard and is found in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, most of the Middle East, scattered countries in Africa and limited Figure 1. Chrominance and luminance areas around the Caribbean. Figure 5. B -MAC uses a multilevel code are time compressed and transmitted in All three standards have variations. for data and time multiplexes this base - a sequential format on each TV line. (See Table 1.) NTSC, for the most part, band signal with chroma and luminance. is CCIR type M,525lines per frame and 59.94 fields per second, with a colorsubcarrierof3.579545MHz (3.58MHzfor short). There is some use of modified NTSC (NTSC-4.33), whichuses a subcarrierof 4.43361875MHz. PALcomes in sevenvariations, CCIR B, G, H, I, M and N. N is divided by two subcarrier frequencies.All PAL forms are based on 625 lines with Figure 6. The baseband bandwidth of Figure 2. A -MAC provides a baseband 25 frames(50 fields). El -MAC is held to more than 6MHz for frequency multiplex of the audio and SECAM includes CCIRB, D, G, H, data, chrominance and luminance, yet data on a subcarrier. K, K1and L, each of which uses 625 provides 1 8Mb/s.

6 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Our Best Work Always Goes Unnoticed.

"In distribution amps, going unnoticed requirements are, they can be handled 1. is the way it should be. Transparent. with our 3400 Series video and pulse With distortion so low you won't even distribution equipment. know there are DA's in the loop. Why not call the nearest Grass Valley All nine of our DA's are built that way. Group regional office listed below? DA's with variable cable equalization Tell them it's perfectly clear who has to over 3000 feet, variable delay trim the broadest selection of DA's in the and sync tip clamping. DA's for long business. cable runs. Regenerative DA's. DA's with 350ns to 750ns delay to help you put an end to delay lines and their Grass Valley Group® A TEKTRONIX COMPANY EQ headaches. P.O. Box 1114, Grass Valley, CA 95945 USA No matter what your distribution Telephone (916) 273-8421 TRT: 160432

OFFICES: Edison, NJ (201) 549-9600; Atlanta, GA (404) 321-4318; Elkhart, IN (219) 264-0931; Arden Hills, MN (612) 483-2594; Fort Worth, TX (817) 921-9411; Woodland Hills, CA (818) 999-2303; Palo Alto, CA (415) 968-6680. Circle (6) on Reply Card

January1985 Broadcast Engineering 7 (MAC) systems allow digital transmis- DIGITAL SYNC this point, similarities decrease.

sion techniques for audio and data, VERTICAL SYNC PHASE DATA MAC systems provide the capa- combined with analog color difference -J bilitiesofcarryinginformation video components. beyondtypicalaudioandvideo The version C -MAC was suggested NTSC/PAL B -MAC signals. Through digital techniques, bytheIndependentBroadcasting improved audio and multiple channel Authority (IBA) in England, and has audio is possible. The B -MAC system subsequently been considered a possi- LHORIZONTAL SYNC FREQUENCY DATA allowsuptosixseparateaudio ble standard for the European coun- AND BURST signals, which may he configured in tries.However, no decisions have three stereo pairs. Alternatively, the been made yet. Figure 7.The absence of subcarriers fo extra audio channels of B -MAC can be chroma, audio or data allows simple ex In addition to C -MAC, A-, B-, and pansion of bandwidths for extended used for additional data capabilities. D -MAC formats have been suggested. definition TV systems in the future. Because MAC systems are intended To date B -MAC, developed by Digital forsatellite transmission to widely Video Systems, a division of Scientific separated receiving locations, the data Atlanta, is the only one to be scheduledof time multiplex to include separate capabilitiesofferreceiver address - for early use. An announcement inpackets of luminance and chroma inability,forpay -TVuses;screen lateSeptemberindicatedthatformation within the time of one TV displays of text, for subscriber infor- Australia will use the B -MAC formatline. Luminance and color difference mation or teletext; and esoteric ap- for its nationwide satellite transmis-are sampled digitally, compressed in plications, such as transmission of sion, with plans for implementationtime and transmitted in a sequential computer programs or computer data. by the middle of this year. Contracts format, as shown in Figure 1. One of the greatest differences be- have already been signedforthe Specialencodinganddecoding tween the four MAC systems is how equipment. equipment is required, but transmis-data are handled. sion equipment for the visual informa- The MAC systems tion is similar to that needed for the MACdata The general MAC signal uses a form terrestrial transmission formats. At A -MAC uses a baseband frequency multiplex approach to place audio and data on a 7MHz subcarrier (Fig- TABLE I ures2, 3). This approach is suggested to he highly reliable for the data, but PAL SECAM NTSC placeslimitationontheuseof Lines/frame 525 625 625 threshold extension (for recovery of lower signal levels). Bandwidth con- Field rate 59.94/second 50/second 50/second straints are also posed in regard to eventual use of extended definition Color Subcarrier3.579545MHz 4.43361875MHz 4.406250MHz video. 4.43361875MHz*3.58105625MHz* D -MAC also uses frequency multi- 3.579545M Hz* plexing, but at RF frequencies. Video will he centered on a nominal70MHz, Color Components' I, Q U, V R, B with data on a separate carrier at perhaps 85MHz. Separate uplink loca- TV Channel tions for audio and video are possible. Bandwidth 6MHz 8MHz 8MHz Although high data rates may he used, 7MHz* 7MHz* separate receivers are needed, and interference is highly probable. Vestigial C -MAC uses time multiplex of data Sidebands 0.75MHz 1.25MHz 0.75M Hz at RF frequencies, as shown in Figure 0.75MHz* 1.25MHz* 4.Nine microseconds of time that Visual would typically he used for horizontal Modulation Type Amplitude Amplitude Amplitude sync is used instead for the data at negative negative negative rates to 20Mb/s. Direct demodulation Amplitude from RF to digital data can provide up positive* to eight audio channels, but the separate demod equipment is expensive. Aural The transmission channel required Modulation FM FM FM for the entire C -MAC signal is in ex- AM* cess of10MHz,which poses incom- Aural Carrier patibility with CATV, SMATV and Separation 4.5MHz 5.996MHz 6.5MHz broadcastretransmissionservices without signal modification. Aural B -MAC also time multiplexes data Pre -emphasis 754 504 50ps intothe 9/.ts horizontalblanking period, as shown in Figures 5 and6. *Variations from most commonly used standard form. Video is nearly the same as C -MAC, = -0.27(E'.- E'r)+ 0.74('ER -6') although itis limited to a little more Q = 0.41(E'r)+ 0.48(E'R - E'r) 6MHz,makingitcompatible U = 0.493 (E'R- E'r) V = 0.877(E'R - Er) than R = - 1.902(E'R- Ey) B = 1.505(E'. - E',) with typical terrestrial transmission where E'y = 0.299E'. + 0.57E'.+0.114E'. systems. A digital sync system is used, andE'R,E'0 andE'R are gamma pre -corrected primary signals. which places all required synchronization information on one line of the Table 1. Comparison of major TV color standards. Continued on page124

8 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 COVERAGE

Service Electric Cable TV of Allentown, Pa. provides full live news coverage to its subscribers...

and the Lerro Organization has provided the equipment, engineering and installation to make it possible. Cortact us so we can provide the same full coverage for you.

CORPORATION 3125 N. Broad St., Philadelpha, Pa. 19132 Ask for Fred Dorn (215) 223-8200 Vans Studios Post Production Facilities Master Controls Microwave & Fiber Optics System Serving the Continental USA Sate update By John Kinik, satellite correspondent

Fire is a broadcaster's nightmare. But a bigger threat can be the water used to extinguish a fire, especially in this age of computer circuitry. PBS faced this situation on Oct. 15, when its technical center in Wash- ington, DC, suffered heavy water damage in a fire. The network has not only continued to operate, but the crisis showed theflexibilityof a satellite -based network. The technical center was housed in the basement of the U.S. Postal Serv- ice headquarters. Although the fire Two terminals at the PBS MOT at BrenMar, VA, link to Westar IV for program was contained in the upper floors, the distribution to the network stations. water that collected in the basement ruined PBS's computer and broadcast equipment. Despite this, PBS has maintained its on -air schedule with little interruption, which can be attributed to quick thinking during thefire,donated equipment, staff cooperation and an adaptable satellite network. When the fire was first detected, the PBS staff kept operations going for as long as possible by switching to automatic mode. They then took the next twoday'svideotapesoutofthe building, buying the network time while it established a new operating base. Operations resumed at public stations WNVTIWNVC in Fairfax, VA. about 15 miles east of Washington. On Since water damage destroyed equipment atthe PBS technical centerin Oct. 16, the day after the fire, PBS Washington, DC, an ABC mobile videotape trailer and a Video Rentals truck help hooked up a single feed between relay three feeds to the satellite. WNVT and the main origination termination (MOT) satellite uplink facili- KeyPBS personnel in the crisis in-and implementing replacement facility at nearby Bren Mar, VA. clude Cary Wight, manager of tech- ties.Thetechnicalmaintenance Publicstations from around thenicaloperations;BillKinsella,staff will have a bigger role than in country provided feeds to keep themanager of satellite operations; and normal planning. programming going.EmergencyLarry Jefferson, manager of technical But the hovering cloud isPBS's equipment, including a mobile video-maintenance. financial uncertainty. PBS funding is tape trailer loaned by ABC and a Wight andKinsellapraisedthe in doubt, as President Reagan vetoed rented mobile broadcast center truck, many organizations that have helpedtwo bills in as many months authoriz- were brought to Bren Mar. the network by providing equipment,ing funding from fiscal years1987to Suddenly, a quiet link in the PBSfacilities and services. Also essential, 1989. chain became the network's heart.they said, was the cooperation be- Although fire insurance covers the Since the fire, operations have con-tween PBS departments. loss, the lack of funding for future pro- tinued at this stable, although tem- The fire's silver lining is that a freshgramming places additional burdens porary, location. approach can be taken to designingon PBS when it needs it least. I *)))))

10 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 PERFECT TIMING! Anytime your video and or 140 ns picture shifts. Your video synchronizers and other audio signals go into our picture is virtually camera clear. large -memory digital devices. synchronizers, they come out Now! You can include time The 118 -AS features automatic in perfect time. It makes for a base correction for heterodyne and manual delay correction, difference your viewers can't see! color VTRs in your 110-S pack- wide dynamic range and low Start with the Tek 110-S for age. This option features auto distortion. And with 18 -bit float- transparency no other frame VTR signal recognition and ing point code and 93.75 kHz synchronizer can match. Our infinite window correction range. sampling, the 118 -AS sets the high noise immunity genlock cir- It provides time base correction same high performance stan- cuitry and adaptive clamping without feedback to the VTR. dards as :he 110-S. ensure the 110-S will track noisy Ideal for remote location feeds. Don't settle for less than per- signals longer and at the same The new Tek 118 -AS Audio fect timing! Call your Tektronix time minimize streaking in the Synchronizer works in tandem Television Sales Engineer for a picture. with the 110-S to eliminate lip demonstration today. Or call Tek Add optional four -field mem- sync errors. The 118 -AS solves toll -free at 1-800-547-1512 for ory and you get accurate color the audio -to -video problems complete details. (In Oregon, framing with no decoder artifacts introduced by four -field memory 1-800-452-1877.) Mktronix )M1,11 T IF II 111110 FIIINCE

Circle (7) on Reply Card for Literature Copyright 1984 Teldronix. Inc All rights reserved #TVG-001 January 1985 Broadcast Engineering 11 AM stereo update By Bob Streeter, AM Stereo, Inc., Fort Wayne, IN

Preparingproductionandair UNITUNDER TEST studios for AM stereoisa major undertakingthatdemands careful HOT 6204 planning and a financial commitment LEFT to2 -channeloperation.Inall COM 6204 likelihood,the source equipment - AUDIO GEN ERATO reel-to-reeltapedecks,cartridge RIGHT

machines and turntables -will have to INPUT OUT 620c, be replaced or modified to provide for stereo operation. The audio control 6200 boards may also have to be replaced and monitoring equipment updated. Many far-sighted broadcasters have been updating their facilities to stereo in anticipation of an eventual move to full 2 -channel operation on the air. COM HOT COM HOT HORIZ VERT Stations that have not already planned AUDIO AUDIO for AM stereo should consider an im- VOLTMETER VOLTMETER provement program that could be phased in over several years. OSCILLOSCOPE Source equipment maintenance The phasing and phase stability of the source equipment in the studios of an AM stereo station are critically im- Figure 1.A typical test setup for checking the phasing, phase stability and frequency portanttobothstereophonic and response of an audio recording (or transmission) system. monophonic performance. If the polarity of either the left or right channel audio signals is reversed(180°out of phase), the primary signal energy of the programming will appear in the L -R stereophonic(difference)sub - channel,rather thaninthe L + R monophonic (sum) main channel. Programmaterialexhibitingre- versed -phase characteristics is most often found in tapes from outside sources. Therefore, develop a procedure to examine the content of the 0° PHASE SHIFT 45° PHASE SHIFT L + R and L -R audio channels for proper phasing whenever material from outside the station is to be used. The primary signal energy should be contained in the L + R channel, not the L- R channel. Phase offsets caused by tape machine misalignment can also cause frequency response variations in the L + R signal. Checktherecordingequipment used to transcribe music programs for proper phasing before any program material is recorded for AM stereo 90° OR 270° PHASE SHIFT 180° PHASE SHIFT use.Similarly,checkallremote sources -such assatellite or Telco Figure 2. Oscilloscope photo displays for various phasing conditions. (The same feeds -for proper phasing into the displays will occur at multiples of 360°. control board. Test all the source equipment at the station on a regular basis for proper The first step in maintaining source reel tape decks, two audio voltmeters, phase coherence, frequency response, equipment is to have the proper tools. a low distortion audio generator and distortion, noise, wow and flutter. For cartridgemachines and reel-to- Continued on page125

12 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 MAXIMUM 016VERAGE hundreds and CRLAudic processors are improvingthe fidelity aid coverage of Saipan to Rome hundreds of radio stations. FromSeattle to South Africa ...from ciscovered that ...and frcm New York to Peru,radio stations worid-wide have CRL processing gives themthe best signal poss includirg unique split - CRL has a complete line ofaudio processors and limiters, amplifiers that band automatic gain controlunits; multi -bard compression control units for FM allow precise control of the onair signal; and absolute peak and AM Stereo. The latestproduct is a stereo generatorwits unsurpassed specifications and a very modestprice. Take the :irre to send forcomplete details end userinformation. You will discover why America's choiceshould be your choice.

SMP 900 AM Stereo Limiter SMP 8J0 FM Stereo Limiter SGE300 Stereo Generator Patented non -overshooting Fl:ers Distortion: .01% or less Provides mono compatible signal with maximum loudness. Exclusive and mJltiplex clipper for maxa-ium Separation: 65 db or better loudness with low distortion Signal to noise: 80db or better stereo ent-ance control.

Amu nom.

: 'i-...... 9,- 0 ' 9 o

Dealer inquiries welcome. SPP 800 Stereo Prefarat on Processor SEP 40013 Spectral Ener 41y firocessor

Gated split -band AGC for centle CRL exclusive patented four -band 5- E control of console output. compression for consistent sound. ens, Circuit Research Labs, Inc. 2522 W. Geneva Dr.

ir V $11 14 i "-- "7-...ra s Tempe, Arizona 85282 U.S.A. (602) 438-0888 TELEX: 350464

Cicle (9) on Reply Carc FCCupdate January 1985

By Harry C. Martin, partner, Reddy, Begley & Martin,Washington, DC

Data transmission on VBI authorized ly portion of the spectrum below cepted within 30 days after the public notice is issued. If a petition raises The FCC has authorized TV stations 1GHz available to accommodate the to use the vertical blanking interval rapidly increasing number of new FM substantial and material questions of willhede- (VBI) to offer data transmission, com- stations. fact,theapplication puter software delivery and paging In many metropolitan areas, no signated for hearing. If the selectee is services. Licensees will be permitted more channels are available in this found to be unqualified, another lot- to transmit any type of communica- frequency range. The new allocation tery for that market would then he provides six new channels exclusively conducted. tion in either the digital or analog The commission said it would af- mode. for aural STL/ICR use. Because teletext would qualify as a In a concurrent action, the commis- ford settling applicants the cumu- permissible service under the new sion allocated 941MHz to 944MHz for lative number of chances in a lottery VBI authority, the rules for the new government and non -government use, that they would have had if no settle- theexisting providing for point-to-point operationment agreement had been reached. servicewillreplace However, each applicant must have teletext rules. in a band previously allocated for land will be considered mobile. filed an individually acceptable ap- VBI services for a secondary to regular TV programs, Existing STL and ICR stationsplicationtobeeligible operating from 942MHz to 944MHz cumulative chance. and will not be subject to the Fairness The commission also said that all Doctrine, political broadcastingre- will be grandfathered, but the approx- quirements or other public service imately 50 stations that operate in the MMDS construction permits would obligations. Nor will the commissionband on special temporary authoriza- be subject to its anti -trafficking policy, entertain competing applications fortions will have to cease operations which prohibits sale of an unbuilt sta- VBI facilities or require licensees to within five years. tion for a profit. Licensed facilities obtain additional approval for a sta- InPuerto Rico, where STL/ICR will be freely transferable except those tion's technical facilities if it desires to users are not expected to affect other authorized through a lottery in which serviceoperations, theentire thesuccessfulapplicantbenefited provide private carrier or common from a minority or diversification carrier service. 942MHz-to-947MHz band will con- However, stations wishing to pro-tinue to be available for STL/ICR use preference. In such cases, stations must be operated for at least one year vide common carrier service still will on a shared basis. be required to seek FCC authority to before they can be sold for a profit. provide the particular type of service MMDS lottery selection proposed. Those wishing to provide The FCC has decided to use lotteries Common rule violations private carrier VBI services will not be toselectpermitteesforitsnew In a public notice issued in early November, the FCC listed five areas applyforaseparate multichannel, multipoint distribution requiredto where many violations of its technical authorization. They would, however, service (MMDS). There are nearly rules continue to occur. These prob- berequiredtocertifythattheir 16,500 applications on file for the ap- facilities will be used only for the ser- proximately 1000 available MMDS lem areas are: channels. A preference system favor- vices permitted by Parts 90 and 97 of Frequency tolerance. Many sta- the rules. ing minorities and those without other Non-commercial TV stations will be media interests will be incorporated tions do not keep their frequencies allowed to use the VBI in the same into the lottery selection process. within allowable tolerances. These are In establishing lottery procedures 20Hz for AM stations, 2000Hz for FM way as commercial stations and may stations and 1000Hz for the video car- charge a fee for such services. for MMDS applications, the FCC said it would hold two lotteries for each rier of a TV station. Tolerances are New frequencies for aural service area-one for the "E" group of 0.01% through 0.0005% for remote STLs and ICRs channels and one for the ''F" group. pickup stations and 0.02/0.002% for To accommodate demand for new Applications that are not exclusive low power TV and TV translators. EBS tests. Many stations arenot aural broadcaststudiotransmitter will be processed and acted upon links (STLs) and intercity relay sta- quickly. Those that are exclusive will completing and logging required EBS tests as required by Sections 73.961(c) tions (ICRs), the FCC has allocated fre- be screened for acceptability for inclu- quencies from 944MHz to 947MHz sion in a lottery. and 73.1820 of the rules. All broadcast for such facilities. It also has provided Applications found acceptable will stations are required to conduct and forgrandfatheringofexistingbe placed on a public notice specify- log EBS tests once a week on random STL/ICR stations from 942MHz to ing the market, date and time of the days and times between 8:30 a.m. and local sunset. The tests should be made 944MHz. lottery and the selection probability. Current rules for the 947MHz-to- After the lottery, a public notice an- using the methods shown in the EBS nouncing the tentative selectee will be checklist provided to all stations. 952MHz band provide nine channels Continued on page 126 for STL/ICR use, representing the on- issued. Petitions to deny will be ac-

14 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 LOOK INTO YOUR FUTURE: KY -210U

If you see a feature -filled, BRIAIT LIGHT, TOO. reliable, moderate y -priced A slope circuit teat com- camera in your future, t,er presses video level from look at -he latest members 300% to 100%; an automatic of JVC's KY family: KY -210U black level circuit; and a series cameras. In both held servo iris circuit. and studio configurations, they offer value just not CRISP IMAGES IN A available from any othe- COMPACT PACKAGI camera in their class. They Three SATICON" pick-up even have full RS -170A tubes. Fast. f 1.4 prism lock. Digital H V blanking JVC COMPANY OF AMERICA color framing. optics. 650 lines horizontal circu ts. Split -field color bar Professional Video resolution. 57dB or better generator, too, that meets Communications Division I 11AI ill:At S N ratio. 121: pounds. COI OH the RS- 89A standard. 41 Slater Drive Compact, light -weight. and The KY -210U accepts ill Elmwood Park, NJ 07407 A linear matt ix masking built to take it. the oatOns and accessories circuit makes the KY-21Clis available for the KY Series. JVC CANADA. II1 C1140NIC VII WI IN(/' It "eye- nearly identical to the and can be equipped for Scarborough. Out human eye. and results in Adjustability of a cable - remoo control operation the mo4 natural color connect type with the has- utilizing time -division multi- possible . sle -free convenience of a plexing. It's the ideal camera hot -shoe system. Has both for EFP. ENG and simple (11.11SIANDING t CW-11141111 a flip -up eyepiece and a studio t.se. 111 Iii oiavutnici dioptei. A 2H vertical enhance- For a demonstration o - ment circuit PLUS a level C111(13115, CIRCA117S the KY -210U, a Spec Sheet. JVC COMPANY Of AMERICA depend circuit. At 18 dB For auto shift registra- or complete catalog, Professional Video C 3mtnunications boost. 40 lux (3.8 fc) is al the tion. white balance, black call. toll tree: Divisio 1 alumina ion that's requi-ed balance, beam control, gen- 1-300-JVC-5825 198.1JVC Comparyni America

Circle (10) on Reply Card news

BE -China trip again take part in the vertical intervalAustralian -based company, hacked by Broadcast Engineering, in associa- data transmission method. overseastechnology,tousethe tion with the China Broadcast Min- B -MAC system to deliver ABC TV and istry,is hosting a China Broadcast, SSE to study DBS for USIA radio services via AUSSAT. March 10-19 to three major cities in SatelliteSystemsEngineering, China. Eligible delegates are interna- Bethesda, MD, under a contract from Company service on subcarrier tional broadcast industry executives Martin Marietta, Denver, will study An in -home data service is being who wish to determine the market the technical feasibility and estimated developed that would allow KSL-AM, potential for their products in China cost of developing and operating a SaltLakeCity,tobroadcastits orfurthertheirexistingcontacts. direct broadcast satellite system forTeleText-5 data service to home com- Formoreinformation,contact the Voice of America and other gov-puters in the station's coverage area. Roman Associates,P.O. Box 1607, ernment international broadcasters. The service is being developed and Lafayette, CA 94549; 415-284-9180. The study,which was commis- testedbyBonnevilleInternational, sioned by NASA's Lewis Research KSL'sparent company, and Kahn NBC drops teletext Center for the United States Informa-Communications,Westbury,NY. At the end of January, NBC willtion Agency, is part of a USIA pro- KSL's AM subcarrier would be used to discontinueactiveparticipationin gramtoexplorelong-rangealter- carry the information to a home com- teletextservices on network feeds. nativesforitsinternational sound puter, which would he connected to a Some individual affiliates may con- broadcasting facilities and to expand subcarrier receiver. tinue local operations, but they will its coverage. not receive any data input from the Digital system patented network. The United States Patent Office has The reason for the action is the lack Australia chooses B -MAC issued CompuSonics, Denver, a pat- of reasonably priced decoders for the A technically advanced transmis- ent for its audio digital recording and consumer. Even when NBC entered sion system for the Australian Broad-playback system, announced David the teletext market in May 1983, tests casting Corporation will extend the Schwartz, CompuSonics president. involved only specially prepared re-range of ABC services to outback The patent covers all 17 claims filed ceiversthat were placedincoop- Australians. by the company for the floppy disk - erating locations. Michael Duffy, minister for com- based,digital audio recording and If products are produced to makemunications,saidthatcontractsplayback system. Foreign patents in the service a viable one, NBC willwould bebenegotiatedwithan 27 countries are still pending. I:r:)))11

A component for ev a ra. A tube for every transmitter. ft

Our purpose is clear: to provide the ultimate source for all broaccast related tubes and components. We've geared our entire distribution system to ship virtually every order the same day. Our highly personalized service and technical knowledge is legendary in the industry. Best of all, because of our large volume buying, Calvert has the lowest prices - and cannot be undersold.

PRODUCTS:Cathode Ray Tubes Diodes Klystrons Monitor Tubes Plumicons Receiving Tubes RF Ceramic Capacitors RF Transistors Saticons Solid State Replacements Transmitter/Power Tubes Tube Sockets, Accessories TV Linear Devices Vacuum Capacitors Vidicons Vistacons MANUFACTURERS:Acrian Amperex Cetron EEV Eimac GE Hitachi ITT ITT Jennings Machlett National Philips RCA Raytheon Thomson-CSF Varian Westinghouse

Call our Toll Free number now and start saving. 800-526-6362 CALVERT ELECTRONICS, INC. One Branca Road, East Rutherford, NJ 07073 201-460-8800 Telex 42320! CALV TWX 710-989-0116 Circle (11) on Reply Card IF TRANSMITTER FAILURE HAS CAUSED YOU TO LOSE REVENUE, LET US INTRODUCE OUR INEXPENSIVE EMERGENCY TRANSMITTER.

what happens at your 0E1 has an inexpensive Solve the problems caused station when your FM solution. Our low -power by an STL or main transmitter goes down? Or FM transmitter designed for transmitter failure ... and your studio transmission studio operation can do it on a modest budget. link is disrupted? Or a handle all these emer- For more information con- power loss at the trans- gencies and keep you on tact John Tiedeck at 609 mitter site occurs? the air. In many cases 728-2020. He will put a you'll retain the majority of package together to meet your audience simply be- your station's needs. cause your studio is usually located more central to your market than your transmitter site. For a small investment your station will gain protection against lost revenues and the embar- rassment of discon-

tinued service. IS nr

OEI's low -power transmitters are all FM EXCITE,. solid-state and are

0114.11111 available in 150w, 300w or 500 -watt power output levels. No warm-up is re-

quired. They are on .0.. - \ M1TR SITE A the air in less than *Elm

10 seconds ...and li.,'`" VJ 6,5 500 c0TAANSMITTEP, have hundreds of 0' 0 ° UDIO thousands of trouble - free hours. Virtually silent in operation, all our transmitters use OE1's famous A - Coverage using 0E1 675 synthesized exciter. studio location transmitter QEI Corporation So cover yourself with a One Airport Drive B - Coverage using 0E1 low -power FM trans- P.O. Box D station's primary transmitter located at your Williamstown, NJ 08094

mitter studio site . Phone: 609-728-2020

QEI Corporation

Ci'cle (12) on Reply Card

January 1985Broadcast Engineering 17 Ampex Listened When You Described Your Ideal VTR.

CONSOLE WITH OVERHEAD PICTURE MONITOR -ONE OF 6 CONFIGURATIONS AVAILABLE

HI Fl SPEAKERS LET YOU APPRECIATE SUPERIOR AUDIO QUALITY OF VPR-6 WITH EXCELLENT STEREO PHASE RESPONSE.

HANDLES SPOT TO 2 HOUR REELS WITH EQUAL PRECISION AND GENTLENESS

BRUSNLESS DC SCANNER MOTOR AND INDIVIDUALLY REPLACEABLE HEADS DUAL NUMERIC READOUTS - ONE FOR TAPE TIME/TIME CODE; ONE FOR CUE POINTS, LOGICAL, EFFICIENT CONTROL DIAGNOSTIC CODES, TAPE PANEL -ALL OPERATOR SPEED, SETUP CODES CONTROLS UP FRONT

11111111 11111 I 11 1 1111 1 TBC-6 WITH 32 LINE MEMORY AND 28 LINE CORRECTION 111111111111111111111111111 III WINDOW; PERFORMANCE MATCHED TO VPR-6. Now, Here It Is. The New VPR-6.

hen hundreds of users worldwide told us what printed wiring boards and backplane connectors through- they wanted in a one -inch VTR, we listened closely out. The modular package allows convenient access and then designed and built it. It's our new VPR-6, the to any part of the VTR for easy maintenance. easiest VTR to operate, service and maintain of any in its class. And it's in the price/performance ratio that TIC to Match most users want. Because you wanted play speeds from -1 to 3X normal Smart, yes. Complicated, No. and picture in shuttle, we also Intelligent but not intimidating, the new VPR-6 offers developed the new TBC-6 features that allow you to get the job done more produc- digital time base corrector, tively. For example, virtually all machine setup proce- performance -matched to the dures can be done at the highly efficient control panel. VPR-6. Its 32 -line memory Most board -edge controls typically found in VTR's have and 28 -line correction window been eliminated. are the largest in any TBC You insisted on fast but gentle tape handling ... the appropriate for a VTR of VPR-6 shuttles tape at speeds approaching 500 ips and this type. handles all reel sizes from spot to 2 hours with equal precision and gentleness. The servo microprocessor senses State of the art editing when the end of the tape is near and slows down the reels So much for recording and and scanner and unthreads the tape gently. playback, how about editing? You asked for power -down memory ... so we built in a The VPR-6 has all the capabil- long -life battery to protect setups, edit and cue points ities you asked for, including and all editor configuration parameters. split audio -video auto edit and auto tag. RS -422 "Make it easier to troubleshoot," you said, and we serial communications capability lets VPR-6 function built in an extensive diagnostics system that constantly efficiently in a state-of-theart editing system with monitors many system conditions and warns you if a fault the Ampex ACE and other edit controllers. occurs. You can even run from the control panel a diag- Mrst-rate audio nostic routine using a logic probe to test every IC in direct communication with the two microprocessors. "Make audio better," you said, and we did. The VPR-6 has audio (as well as video) confidence playback. The A tried and true transport audio system also offers high quality stereo phase and You demanded reliability. Not wanting to tamper with an optional fourth audio channel for EBU systems. success, we borrowed the tape transport and mechanical Selection of styles Most users may agree on capabilities, but you prefer a variety of configurations to choose from. So, we offer the VPR-6/TBC-6 in four console styles as well as tabletop and rackmount versions. Many Ampex video accessories work with it, including some you may now own. In production now The VPR-6 is too good to wait for, so it's already in factory production. Ask your Ampex video sales engineer design of our reliable and proven VPR-80. We also elimi- to quote price and delivery for any model in any world nated most wire harnesses in favor of more reliable standard, and watch his face light up! AM PEX Ampex Corporal on One of The Signal Companies

Atlanta 404/491-7112 Chicago 312/593-6000. Dallas 214/%0-1162 Dayton 513/254-6101 Los Angeles 818/240-5000 New York/NewJersey 201/825-9600. Salt Lake City 801/487-8181 San Francisco 415/367-2296 Seattle 206/575-0156 - Washington, DC 301/530-8800 Canada, Toronto 416/821-8840 editorial

Are you a member of a trade organization-such as AES, EIA, IEEE, ITVA, NAB, NRBA, SBE and SMPTE? Assuming you are, when did you last attend a Attendancegroup function? That is the reason, after all, to be affiliated with such organizations-to interact with others in your field, to share ideas, problems and solutions. You're not one of those who joined for status or political reasons, are you? Oh, you're not a member? Why not? Your opinions aren't important to others? makes the If that's the way you feel, you're wrong. If you work in communications electronics, your opinion andyour expertise is of interest and of value. After all, the membership of these groups are much art grow like you; individuals with different points of view. By working together, you can find answers to common problems. But without your ideas, say for a new control system or a different approach to monitoring, perhaps all possibilities have not been heard. stronger At the recent 126th SMPTE conference an intriguing dichotomy existed. At one point, we spoke to several broadcasters (and members of SMPTE) who observed the new generation of broadcast products and praised the advanced concepts. In the next breath, they damned those who they saw responsible for making the decisions of operation and interfacing of these new products. They admitted to advantages of component video and to the digital audio experience. Yet they questioned why they should bow to the wills of those who have set the standards for the advances. Later, we encountered another SMPTE member from the manufacturing point of view. Speaking as part of the educational arm of SMPTE, he asked how SMPTE could get more interest and input from the grassroots broadcasters, the equipment users. Because they will be expected to implement the recommendations developed by SMPTE, he asked, should they not also take part in developing thoserecom- mendations? What a droll situation. One side argues that no one asks the user. The other is looking to ask a user. Yet, two sides that want to communicate so badly can't find one another. Why? The purpose of trade organizations is to guide and to interconnect broadcasting and the allied, diverse disciplines of communications electronics. They exist to benefit the industry overall, and, indirectly, our individual involvements in the industry. Associations are broad in their interests. NAB, for example, is concerned with all aspects of radio and television, representing 4500 radio and 700 TV stations. But the Science and Technology Division and the Advanced TV Systems Committee (ATSC) are concerned with present and future technical station operations. The bailiwick of AES and SMPTE is in developing engineering compatibility between the industry's parts. Station KAAA needs to be technically similar to WZZZ. Without a compatible framework in which to work, chaos results. Without standards, there is little possible cooperative interchange. We think the industry needs trade associations and investigative societies. But we are distressed by regular criticisms-that the organizations do not serve their members; that they are ruled more by manufacturers trying to peddle their wares than by those who must use the products; that new technologies are being forced upon users against their wishes. Typically, the loudest critics are the non -active or the non-members. We see the problem having several facets. First, within communications organizations, communications is the least abundant asset. Second, getting involved requires that you dedicate some of your time, a commodity in our lives that is seemingly too precious to waste on our profession. Third, the aura of the august body of intellectualism, SMPTE, overwhelms the nuts -and -bolts technician that must maintain an outdated VTR. An ENG camera operator, whose 8 -hour tour of duty chases news stories Continuedon page 126

20 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Creative choice is what TASCAM's broad line of professional mixing consoles is all about. Starting with our M-30, we've packed more artistic choice into a modestly -priced package than any console Tascam in the industry. This versatile 8x4 is ideal for everything from basic recording to video production and comprehensive small studio applications. Increased flexibility highlights the M -30's big Recording brother, our M-35. This durable 8x4 combines wide- ranging function capabilities with operating ease. The M-35 features 4 separate sub groups, solo, independent Consoles. monitoring, built-in effects loop, and much more. For more elaborate production demands, our rugged new M-520 console gives exceptional precision and complete control of your 8 and 16 track recording, over- Mix dubbing and mix down. The M -520's creative options include multiple inputs per channel, 8 independent subgroups, stereo solo -in -place, PFL, balanced and unbalanced inputs and outputs, multiple auxiliary With The mixes, and long -throw faders. And if you're recording needs are met by 8 tracks, our M-512 console gives you the sophisticated functions, easy operation, and technical quality of the M-520, with Professionals. fewer input channels. See your TASCAM dealer today. He'll tell you about these and a wide range of other professional TASCAM mixers, and get you hands-on with the console that was built for you. Or write for more information to TASCAM, TEAC Professional Division, 7733 Telegraph Road, Montebello, CA 90640, (213) 726-0303. Copyright 1984-TEAC Corporation of krnerica

_ 7 5 3 2V\ \ 0 I LI Circle (13) on Reply Card vu No matter how complex youraudio production requirements, TASCAM has the right console to dothe job.

.11.11 Irr - '04 a RENG: New technology for By Jerry Whitaker, radio editor Radio stations have used the remotehas been quantum leaps in perform- location broadcastfor decades toance, ease of operation and reliability. bring the listener an added sense of Today's radio ENG systems can be realism and excitement. Although the configured to provide virtually any de- concept of the remote-as it is bettergree of sophistication required by the known-has not changed substantial-station. As with any other area of ly, the means to accomplish the taskbroadcasting, the key to a successful RENG system is thoughtful planning. Planning the network The importance of careful planning of an RENG system cannot be over- emphasized. You should configure the network based on the precise needs of the station. Everyone who will use the system should be consulted to determine just what type of arrangement will be needed. Whether a station's format is all news or AOR, all people in the news, production and engineering departments should sit down and define the network requirements. Many-perhaps most -RENG systems were built on a piecemeal basis,

Radio remote broadcasting has come a long way from the narrowband walkie- talkiedays whena 5W "portable" transmitter weighed 25 pounds and was the size of a briefcase. Today's gear is small, lightweight and reliable.RENG equipment has given stationsthe ability to take virtually any show on the road.

22 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 newrequirements asneedsdictatedand economics Building a RPU system existing equipment isnotan accept- allowed. The lack of a unified plan has In view of the serious spectrum con- able solution, as such work would often led to configurations that aregestion problems that exist in many most likely invalidate the transmitter's cumbersome to operate and, in theareas of the country, any RPU/RENG FCC type acceptance. long run, are more expensive than system should be designed to be as A more logical solution is to pur- necessary to build for a given level ofspectrum -efficient as possible and- chase RENG transmitters with several performance. equally important -to be as immune to different power outputs levels oper- The size and layout of the station'sundesired transmissions as possible.ating on the same frequency (or fre- market will have a substantial effect Even if you will be operating thequencies). All of the popular RENG on how you design the RENG net- system in an area that does not have abroadcast equipment manufacturers work. A system intended to cover a spectrum congestion problem, there isoffer units with a variety of power out- sprawling urban area of 10,000 square no guard against such a problem sur-put levels. With some equipment, a miles will be configured much dif-facing in the future. In any event, alow -power transmitter is used and a ferently than a tightly clustered urban well -engineeredsystemisalsoa power amplifier module is added be- center covering 2000 square miles. spectrum -efficient system. tween the transmitter and the antenna The number of stations in the mar- The first rule of spectrum -efficiencyto give the needed RF output. ket that are involved in RENG activityis to use only the effective radiated Directionalreceive and transmit will also affect how you design apower (ERP) necessary to do the job.antennas are a good idea from both an system, and what types of equipmentThere is no justification for puttingefficiency and coordinationstand- you use. Stationsin major metro-15W into the air when 5W will pro- point. Using a pair of high gain anten- politan areas may find few, if any, va- vide the desired (or acceptable) S/Nnas makes itpossible to achieve a cant frequencies for RENG use. figure from the receiver. much greater ERP for the same trans- Program material can be returned Ideally, all transmitters in an RENGmitter power. Of equal benefit in a from the field to the studio through system would be equipped with con-crowded urban area is the elimination either of two common routes-wiredtinuouslyvariablepower outputof any non -essentialradiation. telephone lines or wireless transmis-stages. The operator at the remote site Through the use of directional trans- sion systems of various types. Thewould then run the transmitter withmit and receive antennas, stations route taken back to the studio will de-only enough power output to reach can establish more secure channels by pend upon a number of factors, in-the required S/N figure at the receiveplacing the radiated energy where it cluding the event's location, telephone(studio) point. will do the most good (at the transmit lineavailability,setuptime and Unfortunately,continuouslyvari- end), and rejecting unwanted signals broadcast duration. (See "Wired vs.able power output transmitters are not from other directions (at the receive Wireless," page 26.) generally available. Modification of end). Wired systems: The alternative method

Wired communication systems task.Basically, audio from the for news, sports or programming remote source is split into two fre- can take a number of different quency bands by a filtering net- forms, from basic Telco equalized work. The higher frequency com- loops to sophisticated single- or ponents are shifted lower by a multilinefrequencyextension conversion circuit for application systems using the dial -upnet- to the telephone company dial -up work. network. The lower frequency An equalized line offers the user components are shifted upward by a second conversion circuit asimple,reliablelinktothe studio. The drawbacks include in- and applied to a second telephone flexibility, installation lead time line. and installation/rental costs. At the studio demodulator, the two signals are frequency -shifted Although the dial -up network backtotheiroriginalvalues, The use of a frequency extender givesthe user a greater degree of filtered and recombined to form system onstandarddial -up flexibility than standard equalized the output of the system. Varia- telephone company lines can pro- loops, the level of performance tions on this method include the duce some impressiveresults. (whenabandwidthextension use of single- or multiband com- The equipment setup shownwas system isnotused) leaves a great pressors,variableequalization used by KLSI-FM, Kansas City, deal to be desired. The most pop- and compandor circuits. The use MO, during a week-long remote ular way around this problem is to of audio compression at the trans- broadcast from Disney World in use a 2 -line frequency extender mitting(remote)point,and Florida. A Comrex 2 -line extender system. reciprocal expansion at the receiv- system was used to feed program There are a wide variety ofex- ing (studio) end, can provide a material back to the studio during tensionmethods, each with a dif- substantial reduction in apparent the morning and afternoon drive - ferent way of accomplishing the line noise. time periods.

January 1985Broadcast Engineering 23 SONY TRINITRONSHAVE BEEN YOUR PICTURES CANLOOK

1An Aperture Grille, which doesn't warp, instead ofa shadow mask, which does-for high color purity.

Nine -hundred TV 2lines for the highest resolution of any master control CRT-so details are sharper, and noise is never hidden.

Advanced comb filter- 3to achieve excellent lu m inance/ch rom inance separation with minimum artifacts.

mm convergence 4'5within center circle- to prevent outlines from appearing around images.

One -percent linearity 5in center lines-to ensure perfectly propor- tional images.

0Current feedback circuitry-to reduce color temperature drift to 1% over 500 hours.

SLUE ONLY CELAY UNDER SCAN CNRCARA !MG.? NESS CONTRAST APERTURE N

Pm. DRAMATICALLY IMPROVED SO THEIR ABSOLUTE WORST. If this were live, and youfrom heat), Sony uses an ex- were critically evaluating clusive Aperture Grille. It's your video signal, you wouldcylindrical, and is rigidly be looking blissfully at one held straight at the top and ofthe most revolting picturesbottom, enabling it to resist you ever saw. thermal or mechanical You would, that is, if youbending and ensuring white were viewing a new Sony uniformity. BVM-1900 or BVM-1201 And thanks to another Broadcast Trinitron: exclusive Sony feature, Auto- The new BVM Master matic Beam Control, when Control Monitors have beenMr. Tim goes tiptoeing completely re -engineered through the tulips, they to reproduce your signal won't turn into pansies right precisely the way it was fed before your eyes. Because into them. the monitor reads its own If Tiny Tim's hair was signal and instantly corrects covered with snow, or his uku-for color drift. lele was making too much Plus, all phosphors used noise, you'd know it. Becausein BVM Broadcast Trinitrons these Trinitrans offer the now match the industry's highest resolution available-U.S. standards. 900 TV lines. For more information This degree of resolu- on the one piece oftest equip- tion has been made possiblement you shouldn't be with- through Sony's extensive re-out, the one with mixed search and development in video capability, that's ready high -definition TV. to accept computer graphics, However, the real reasonand you don't have to be they're the state of the art inTiny Tim to afford, contact broadcast CRTs is that they Sony Broadcast today. give you the highest reso- In New York/New Jersey lution without ever compro-call Sony at (201) 833-5350; in mising color purity or the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic brightness. (201) 833-5375; in the Midwest That's because instead (312) 773-6045; in the South- of using a shadow mask, east (404) 451-7671; in the which suffers from the dis- Southwest (214) 659-3600; in advantage ofbein& sphericalthe West (213) S 0 INT y (therefore causing it to warp 841-8711. Broadcast Sons litoddC.1,1 Pnxiurlti <-nrntrim. 161)0 ()LiCCII Annr Rd. RdniCk, A I(1-(,(4,C ILC(4 Socn ( pOdnilnli t \ MtnICd SO,and If in111,1 arr IC121,ICICd trad,nn.nk, of Son, (nrporaunn. on the other hand, do not lend themselves to planning days in Wired vs. wireless advance, let alone weeks in advance.Insuchapplications a Untilthe1960s,theword and sporting events, on the other radio system is more practical. "remote" wasrarelyspoken hand, are probably best handled The cost of Telco facilities must withoutreferringinthe same by a wired arrangement. also be considered. Unless the sentence to "the telephone com- The amount of frequency con- loop is to be left in place for a long pany." Wired systems, either us- gestion in the origination area will time,installationcharges can ing the dial -up network or leased also have aneffect on which become prohibitive, especially if broadcastloops,providedthe method a station will choose for high-performance equalized lines vast majority of interconnections thegreatestreliability.Urban are needed for the application. from remote broadcast sites to a areas in which secure RPU chan- Many stations are able to justify station's studio facilities. nels are difficult to find may be the cost of an RENG radio system Since that time, however, radio best suited to a wired link. based on the anticipated Telco systems have assumed an impor- The amount of lead time given savings. tantrolein remoteactivities the station before various events This does not mean to imply because theyinherentlyoffer that need to be covered will also that stations should choose be- greater flexibility and generally have a significant effect on the tween either a wired or a wireless provide the user with a higher - route taken by the program audio link. Large systems are often built quality audio link. from the remote site to the studio. using both interconnection Radiosystemsareideally Broadcasts thatare scheduled methods, either as various links in suited for broadcasts of relatively weeks in advance are obvious can- the chain or as back-up protection short duration from a variety of didates for the use of a telephone in the event of a partial system locations.Meetings,speeches company loop. Spot news events, failure.

A simple and sometimes effectivefit the requirements of most users. (ARS). The range of an RENG system coordinationtooliscross -polar- These range from the simple point-to-can be greatly extended by using an ization. Two stations on adjacent fre- point program relay system common ARS. Such systems also make it possi- quencies may achieve as much asin many small-scale operations,to ble to use lower power transmitters in 25dB isolation through the use of dif- complicated multipoint relay installa-the field, because the transmitter at ferent polarizations of transmit anten- tions with automatic signal qualitythe program origination point only nas, matched by the same polarization voting circuits. needs to be powerful enough to reach at their respective receive antennas. Figure 1 shows the basic RENG pro-the ARS site. This often allows the use Cross -polarization results in varying gram relay system in which one orof smaller and lighter remote trans- degrees of success, depending upon more transmitters on a particular fre-mitters, usually haud- or pack -carried the frequency of operation and sur-quency are used in the field, and a units. rounding terrain. single receiver is located at the studio. The arrangement in Figure 2 will Line -of -sight paths usually will pro- All antennas used in the system aresatisfy the requirements for wide area vide good results, but urban centers omnidirectional. coverage and is sufficient for radio with their reflective buildings gener- Although there is much to be saidmarkets where spectrum congestion is ally cause polarity shifts in the trans- for system simplicity, an arrangement not a problem. Because all antennas in mitted signal that may significantly such as this is not practical in an in-the system are omnidirectional, how- reduce this technique's benefits. creasing number of urban areas be-ever, the configuration is not suitable cause of spectrum congestion prob-in large urban areas that experience System configuration lems and the need to cover largefrequency allocation problems. For Users' requirements will vary great- geographical areas. such applications, you need a more ly from one station to the next and The system configuration shown in sophisticated approach. from one market to the next. There Figure 2 overcomes the geographical Figure 3 shows a high-performance, are, however, several standard system coverage area problem through the2 -point RENG system designed for configurations that can be modified to use of an automatic relay stationoperationinspectrum -congested

REMOTE LOCATION EQUIPMENT STUDIO EQUIPMENT REMOTE LOCATION EQUIPMENT ARS STATION EQUIPMENT

1;40SMITTER RENS VISATION TRANSIAITTER TRirDiluenER

AUDIO OUTPUT ALL ANTENNAS USED IN TH5 SYSTEM ARE OMNIDIRECTIONAL

REND RECEIVER STUDIO ALL ANTENNAS USED RECEIVER IN THE SYSTEM ARE OMNIDIRECTIONAL

S,DIO EQUIPMENT

Figure 1. The basic RENG program relay systemusing a single Figure 2. The basic RENG program relay configuration using hop from the remote location to the studio. an ARS station between the remote location and the studio.

26 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 lEiLs unique ntanium diaphragm and "Diamond .5mirround bring 11,0 purity and consistency to high trequericy respori, IT TOOK JBL SCIENCE, A NITROGEN EXPLOSION, AND PURE TITANIUM To GIVE YOU PERFECTED HIGH FREQUENCY SOUND.

High frequency sound has always fought with the technology that brings it to the ear. The driver diaphragm has been most vulnerable, pushed to the breaking point, unable to hold uniform frequency response. JBL scientists decided to fight back. They exploded nitrogen into a remarkable metal, pure titanium, encircling their unique diaphragm with a vibration - absorbing "Diamond Surround: so revolutionary it warranted its own patent. The result? A diaphragm that delivers and sustains a power and purity to high frequency response never before approached in the industry. Perfecting titanium technology is just one of innumerable ways in which JBL science is re -shaping the quality of sound. From driving your studio monitors in a demanding final production mix, to critically evaluating in detail actual on -air signal quality, JBL audio systems are focused on the most exacting demands of the broadcast professional. To find out which system is designed to meet your specific requirements, contact your authorized JBL professional products dealer today.

JBL Incorporated. 8500 Balboa Boulevard P.O. Box 2200. Northridge, CA 91329 JBL U.S.A. carman JB, INCORPORATED '984 Circle (14) on Reply Card Selecting an antenna for RENG use Selecting an antenna for use in be mounted on a structure that is Figure 7 shows the radiation an RENG system is an important substantially above the surround- pattern of a log periodic antenna decision because of the effect the ing terrain. The beamtilt will im- designed for use in the 450MHz antenna has on system perform- provethe antenna'sclose-un band.Horizontalorvertical ance and spectrum usage. coverage. polarizationisavailable.This The usual RENG antenna has, Atypicaldirectional RENG antenna has a gain of 8dB and a until recently, been the omnidirec- antenna is the medium gain 5 - front -to -back ratio of 35dB. This tional vertical whip with a small element Yagi.Itprovides about unit is ideally suited for areas with amount ofgain. Many system 9dB to 10dB gain over a reference high spectrum congestion. planners, however, are now being dipole, with a front -to -back ratio Just as a TV or FM broadcast forced by interference concerns to of approximately 14dB to 18dB. antenna must be protected usedirectionalantennaswith Figure 6 shows the radiation pat- against icing problems, so should moderate amounts of gain. The tern for a commonly used 5 -ele- antennas used in RENG applica- low power levels commonly used ment 150MHz Yagi. This particular tions. Although antenna de-icers with RENG equipment and the antenna measures 40" X 40" X 4 " are not used in RENG installa- RPU band frequencies makeit and weighs 8 pounds. It is small tions, a radome is often available possible to economically achieve and light enough to be used o for the antenna to protect it from increasedeffectiveradiated remote broadcasts. damage or degradation in perform- power (ERP) through the use of It is also suitable for permanent ance because of snow, ice or salt high gain transmit antennas. installation using either horizontal spray. High gain antennas also con- or vertical polarization. This type centrate the radiated signal where of antenna may be stacked in two itwill do the most good, and or four bay arrays (with suitable minimize radiationindirections phasing harnesses) for additional that may adverselyaffectthe gain and directivity. RENG activities of stations oper- Most Yagi antennas are made ating nearby. to match the specific frequency Omnidirectionalverticallypo- requirements of the user. Multiple larizedbasestationantennas frequency operation using a single commonly usedinthe 150MHz antennaispossiblewith a and 450MHz bands give the user a reasonable VSWR, though,as gain of 4dB to 6dB.Electrical long as the operating frequencies beam tilt is sometimes available. are not removed from the cut Dependinguponthemanufac- center frequency by more than 1% turer, up to 20° downtilt can be to 2%. Scala CAS150H Yagl provided on 150MHz antennas, A recent addition to the RENG HorizOntal Polarization and up to11°is common on user's bag of electronic tricks is 450MHz omnidirectional units. the broadband log periodic anten- A high degree of beamtilt is nor- na, which can be used on any mally used when the antenna will channel within a wide band of frequencies. These antennas provide a smooth pattern with minimal sideloberadiation and ahigh front -to -back ratio (typically 25dB inthe 150MHz band). Nominal gain for 150MHz operation is 7dB. Units can also be stacked to provide more gain and directivity. Logperiodicantennasare usually larger and heavier than the familiar Yagi. However, they allow use of the antenna for vir- Scala CA5.150V Yagi tually any frequency within the Vertical Polarization specified band at a low VSWR (a maximum of 1.5 to 1is typical).

11,

. fa an,lkoMk!!!"X a an 400-..,wearia tikVii. 47 ' 1014.4tokst14164qoomo A,ailommo Scala 2CA-5-150 Yagi Array M& Vertical Polarization - Awkoviko Horizontal -Stack

HORIZONTAL PATTERN (H -PLANE) VERTICAL PATTERN (E -PLANE) VERTICAL POLARIZATION VERTICAL POLARIZATION Figure 6. Radiation patterns 1RELATIVE VOLTAGE, (RELATIVE VOLTAGE) for the CA5-150 5 -element Yagiantenna made by Figure 7. The radiation patterns for the Scala CL -400 broadband log periodic Scala Electronicsforthe antenna, designed for use in the 450MHz RPU frequency band. 150MHz frequency band.

28 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 We designed -in features the competition couldn't.

INTERCOM MON SEL Get the competitive edge with our new LEVEL R_G B -G family of field/studio cameras. The SK -97 and RGB START Or B. ENCR SK -970 combine on -board computers and AUX advanced technofogy to provide the maximum

. FULL BAL IREGIST1 \ CifIEGIST..fl flexibility and con Tol available today. CLR BAL%A FULL BREAK 111

EXT . No competitive video camera automatically HART / ASU sets up full color balance and full registration, U including the green channel, in just two minutes.

No other video camera in its class has a full function, "smart" Remote Control Unit offering

more capability in less space. *HITACHI

No other competitive video camera offers real rime registration correction during lens zooming and focusing. CCI4PUSIC.441

No other camera in its class offers automatic corner registration correction as part of its automatic registration set-up.

DATA CONTROL No other video camera has a prism heat sensor and pre-programmed ROM to ensure correct 10 registration in real time. V CEKT H CENT. . -I SIZE GAMMA V SIZE FLARE' H LIN MEMORY. BLACK V SIN GAIN KI SKEW Each camera contains an on -board computer OFF - V SKEW PULCAN. ''A BOW V BOW that allows simultaneous set-up of up to 42 MODE CLEAR cameras witnin two minutes. Plus only one ` camera is affected in case of auto set-up failure. MASTER BLK

Our SK -970 and SK -97 Computacams offer superior noise -free video (59 dB Hitachi's signal -to -noise -ratio!) Combine all this with other advanced features SK -970 and SK -97 such as 700 horizontal lines of resolution, high gain in 3 dB steps from 0-21 dB, completely Computacams. interchangeable boards, and built-in auto diagnostics, and you can see why our SK -970 and SK -97 Computacams stand alone! Get the features the competition couldn't design in. For descriptive literature, technical information, or a personal demonstration, contact Jack Breitenbucher. National Sales Manager, Hitachi Denshi America Ltd., Broadcast and Professional Division, 175 Crossways Park West, Woodbury, N.Y. 11797 (516) 921-7200 or (800) 645-7510. HITACHI Circle (15) on Reply Card Jar uary 1985Broadcast Engineering 29 event,notmore than 100W transmitter power output will be RENG equipment licensing licensed. RPU transmitting equipment operating on board an air- RENG work is done on two Base stations, as might be ex- craft is normally limited to a max- primary bands of frequencies set pected, are fixed -position trans- imum transmitter power of 15W. A asideby the FCC for remote mitters used for communication mobile stationconsisting of a pickup unit (RPU) operation. A between a central point and one hand- or pack -carried transmitter number of frequency groups are or more remote points. Base sta- is restricted to not more than 2.5W allocatednear 150MHz and tionsmay, intheeventof power output. 450MHz. Some assignments are emergency conditions, be used as All RPU transmitting equipment also made on frequencies in the aprogramrelaychannelfor must be type accepted by the 25MHz region. A particular broad- Emergency Broadcast System in- commission and checked each cast station is not restricted to a formation. year (for units with more than 3W maximum number of RPU systems Remote Pickup Mobile Stations output) for frequency accuracy, that it may put into operation. The consist of vehicle -mounted and deviation and RF power output. needs of the station and the bud- hand -carriedtransmitters.They FCC rules also require that RPU get available for equipment pur- are usually licensed as a system transmittersratedfor 3W or chase are, instead, the major con- inconjunction with a principal greater be equipped with a circuit trolling factors. base station, or stations. Remote thatwillautomatically prevent Most RENG activity is centered Pickup Mobile Stationlicenses modulation in excess of the au- in the 150MHz and 450MHz bands. generally specify a minimum and thorized limits. In other words, an In these slices of spectrum, three maximum number of mobile trans- audio limiter must be built into the licenseclassificationsexist: mitters allowed in the RPU sys- unit. Automatic Relay Station (ARS), tem. Standard divisions include There are virtually no operator Base Station and Remote Pickup from one to four stations, four to requirements for the use of a unit Mobile Station. 12 stations, 10 to 20 stations and in the RPU service. Any person ARS systems are designed to 20 to 50 stations. designated by and under the con- receive program material on one The commission's rules require trol of the licensee of the station frequency and retransmititon that the transmitter power for an may operate the equipment. An another. In this way, the coverage RPU station be limited to a level operator's licence, as detailed in area of the RENG system can be necessary forsatisfactory cov- Part 13 of the commission's rules, extended considerably. erage of the service area. In any is not required.

areas. At the remote site, two trans-high SIN ratio. The lower power pro-the remote crew leaves the studio. mitters and two antennas are used. gram relay transmitter and directional Selection of either horizontal or ver- The communications transceiver is receiveand transmitterantennas tical polarization is made during the used to set up the program audio linkprovide a secure and quiet channel, frequency coordination process, or at and to relay cues and coordinating in-without causing interference to otherthe discretion of the user. Engineers formation. The low -power transmitter RPU band users in the area. may find that a particular polarization and its associated directional transmit When the remote broadcast is not yieldsbetterresultsfromcertain antenna are used to relay the program on the air, the omnidirectional anten-geographical areas, and in such cases, signal to the studio. naispatched into the broadcast -that polarization would be chosen. Atthe studio site, a communica-quality RPU band receiveratthe Once the proper antenna has been tionstransceiver,feedingan om- studio through the coaxial switch, Kt selected, the antenna rotor is adjusted nidirectionalantenna,isusedfor Once contact has been establishedfor maximum receivedsignal setup information, cues and coordina- with the remote crew, one of the direc- strength. The studio operator then tion work. The multi -antenna receiver tional antennas-which are mountedtalks the remote crew into the best system picks up program audio. on a common mast driven by a re- position for its Yagi transmit antenna. The cues and orders radio system mote -controlledantennarotor-isAt this point, the antennas are locked shown in Figure 3 is used for general switched into the studio receiver. down, and the link is ready for the purpose communciations not requir- The polarization of the transmission remote broadcast. ing wide frequency response and a from the remote site is planned before If a variable power output transmit-

REMOTE LOCH ON EQUIPMENT S-LIDIO EQUIPMENT

YAW ANTENNA vERT. POLARIZED 11111 RECEIVE ANTENNA MONITOR RECEIVER AGI ANTENNA ANTENNA VERT. POLARIZED OMNIDIRECTIONAL TO STUDIO RECEIVE ANTENNA RECEIVE

HORIZ. POLARIZED TRANS. AUDIO I PROGRAM LOW POWER RECEIVE ANTENNA COAXIAL MONITOR RELAY PROGRAM ANTENNA RECEIVER TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTER RELAY

NORIZ. POLARIZED AUDIO INPUT RECEIVE ANTENNA RELAY ANTEN LAY ROTOR RENG PROGRAM r RECEIVER

ANTENNA] OMNIDIRECTIONAL PROGLARAM AUDIO OUT 8 ANTENNA ROTOR RP IN REY RECEIVER

AUDIO OUTPUT REPEAT 5 SE J IN OMNIDIRECTIONAL 1TELEMETRY ANTENNA AUDIO SWITC CUES AND ODE'S r. TRANSCEIVER SCA ARS STATION RECEIVER CUES AND ORDERS LOGIC 5 CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS TRANSCEIVER - REMOTE- - TELEMETRY REMOTE CONTROL CONTROL SYSTEM OUPUT CONTROL SYS INPUT

Figure 3. A high-performance 2 -point RENG system designed Figure 4. A high-performance, secure -channel ARS station for operation in frequency -congested areas. with remote control of system functions.

30 Broadcast Engineering January 1985 Front row view foreveryone General Electric Professional Large Screen Video Projection

With General Electric's exclusive system for bright, sharp professional -quality pictures, up to 25 feet wide, General Electric Professional Large Screen Video Projectors are making presentations more dramatic, more productive, and more convenient. Whether videotape, live transmission, TV programmhng or data direct from your computer, the pictures projected can View from ringside- transmitted - live to guests in Caesars Palace be seen by everyone in the room, all at once, even when lounge. room lighting is provided so viewers can take notes and refer to written material. The color projectors show every viewer the same accurate color reproduction. An exclusive General Electric system registers the colors for you, eliminating time- consuming manual adjustments. Portable and flexible, General Electric projectors are being used in a great variety of applications, including both rear and front projection Ask our applications experts whether yours can be added to the growing list, which includes: Education: Medical, dental, engineering, computer science instruction. Business: Sales meetings, industrial training, product presentations, real-time display of computer -generated data, teleconferences. Entertainment: Theatre television, closed-circuit TV events, overflow crowds, special effects. Television Production: Backgrounds for news programs, special effects, data display, program previewing.

Call or write: General Electric Company, Projection Display View from spacecraft transmitted live from NASA to sell-out Products Operation, Electronics Park 6-206, Syracuse, NY planetarium crowd. 13221. Phone: (315) 456-2152. TWX 710-541-0498.

471AILAND PAIDE Ft" Yt siii&YursirksAWM 06 .At

- PP

rill"' 41 t A

View from finish -line projected in racetrack lounge is preferred View from armchair at home is duplicated between races to draw over grand stand by many patrons. extra admission fee at racetrack lounge.

GENERAL ELECTRIC

Circle (16) on Reply Card

January 1985Broadcast Engineering 31 teris used at the remote site,or the necessary switching and position- A sub -audible tone or identification transmitters of various power levels ing work at the ARS site. For stationstone burst may be transmitted to un- are available, the transmitter power is with multiple -site capability on thelock the ARS repeater transmitter. next adjusted to give the desired SIN main transmitter remote control sys-This prevents undesired traffic from performance from the studio receiver. tem, the ARS remote point can be sim-activating the repeater. After power output has been set, the ply treated as another transmitter site The selection process can also be antennas on both the receive andand controlledassuch from the used to prevent miscellaneous traffic transmit ends are checked again for master unit. from appearing at the audio output of correct positioning. A monitor receiver is included atthe studio receiver. Without such pro- Although this process may be time each ARS installation to inhibit acti-visions, unwanted trafficor noise consuming and require the purchasevation of the ARS transmitter if abursts may be heard at the listening of additional equipment, it will assure transmission is already in progress on position. A source identification tone a high quality, secure, RF link from that frequency. As shown in Figure 4,can be used to enable the receiver the field to the studio. This system will the control commands are receivedaudio, assuring that any transmis- also result in a minimum amount of over a subcarrier receiver from thesions heard out of the RENG monitor unwanted radiationtoother RPUmain station transmitter. The relay speaker at the studio are desired. band users. station logic interfaces the remote One of the problems you might ex- Figure 4 shows a high-performance, control unit with the receive antennaperience with ARS equipment is the secure -channel ARS. The same anten- coaxial switch and the antenna rotorpossibility of a desired signal opening naselectionandpositioningpro- control box. the system, and an undesired signal cedure is used in the ARS installation During setup, the telemetry sectionkeeping it open after the desired traf- that was used in the 2 -point system ofof the remote control unit provides anfic has ended. This can occur if you Figure 3, except that the antenna swit- audio FSK signal that is sent back touse the tone burst method of repeater ching and positioning work is done by the studio control unit via a Telco line keying. remote control. or the relay (ARS) transmitter,as For example, a valid tone burst sig- The link for this remote control shown. nal unlocks the ARS system and then system can be a subcarrier on the The SCA, omnidirectional program, undesired noise or traffic holds the mainstationbroadcastsignal,a monitor and relay transmit antennaschannel open after the desired traffic separate dedicated radio link, a dial -are all fixed in position. Only thehas ended by prohibiting a loss -of- up telephone patch or a leased Telco directional receive antennas, one set carrier indication from the receiver. data or voice loop. for horizontal polarization and theThe ARS will be struck open until the A standard broadcast transmitterother forverticalpolarization,are level of the interfering signal drops to remote control system is used at themovable. This arrangement providesa point that allows the receiver to ARS station, with the various channel maximum flexibility and minimum squelch and generate a loss -of -carrier on-off/up-down functions performing risk of program audio disruption. command to the ARS system logic. To Perfect reception in long yardage situations.

Shure's new FP11 and FP12 field anywhere to cover all the action. FP11 Mie-to-Line Amplifier For more information on Shure's production units help the signal FP12 Headphone Bridging Amp The FP11 boosts mic signals to complete field production family, come through loud and clear. The The FP12 lets you check any line level by up to 84 dB, giving a call or write Shure Brothers, Inc., compact size and ultra -rugged design audio line through headphones, clear, static -free signal over long 222 Hartrey Ave., Evanston, IL 60204, of these units make them perfect without terminating the signal. The distances. It features a precision (312) 866-2553. for ENG, EFP, film and even sound unit accepts standard 9? -or 3.5 mm stepped gain control, a switchable reinforcement situations. Light- mini -plugs. Its 96 dB of gain drives limiter, and easy access to batteries weight, with belt clips, they'll go headphones even with a weak signal. for checking or replacement.

SHURE THE SOUND OF THE PROFESSIONALS"...WORLDIVIDE.

Circle (17) on Reply Card The ingredients of Varian's new S -Tube bring super -highefficiency. Varian's new "S -Tube" klystron operates at super -high efficiency-translating to significant savings in electric utility costs for UHF -TV broadcasters. The new S -Series,5 -cavity klystron provides significant improvement in operating efficiency through a unique configuration of tuning and cavity loading. Efficiency -tuned for 10% improvement. The new S -Series klystrons are tuned to maximize efficiency while maintaining useful gain. The Q of the second cavity is reduced by external loading and the output cavity is optimized by use of a variable visual coupler. These tubes will provide efficiency improvement of up to 10 percentage points over current high efficiency types when used under equivalent condit Ions. Interchangeable with Varian H -tubes. The most practical aspect of the new S -Series tubes is the complete interchangeability with the Varian VA -953H -Series tubes, providing broadcasters maximum flexibility in planning new equipment acquisitions More information on Varian's new S -Tube is available from Var- ian Microwave Tube Division, or any Electron Device Group worldwide sales organization. Varian Microwave Tube Division 611 Hansen Way Palo Alto, California 94303 Telephone: 415.424-5675 Varian AG Steinhauserstrasse CH -6300 Zug, Switzerland Telephone: 042.23 25 75

varian

Circle 118) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 33 Ikegami HK-357AT Automatic Color Cameras that set the Sports Time Cable Network wanted Midwest to standards for picture resolution, deliver all the big hits - the game signal to noise ratio and winning RBI's, the bruising registration accuracy. tackles, and devastating left jabs - Ikegami HL-79EAL, the hand from any location, at any time. We held camera that produces higher designed and constructed Eagle 1, quality images than many other 45 feet of production capacity manufacturers' studio models. with more versatility than any Ikegami 9 -Series Color mobile unit on the road today. Monitors, reknowned for superb What makes it the biggest hit are resolution and amazing life -like fine components like: colors.

I TT TT T", 1

Midwest and Ilregami This dedication to quality Eagle 1 is delivering the big hits and versatility is evident Four Ampex VPR-2B One Inch for the Sports Time Cable throughout the unit. We used our Tape Machines with Slo-Mo. Network, a Multimedia subsidiary. 25 years of engineering One Sony BVU-820 Umatic VTR In fact, because of its diverse experience to integrate these with Slo-Mo. capabilities, other companies are excellent components into a One Sony BVU-800 Umatic leasing it. So the unit is also complete system that could VTR. delivering hit specials, stage handle any assignment. One VHS and one Beta VTR. shows, and concerts. The equipment package Harris HDE-200 Digital Effects For the large scale includes: System. teleproduction unit or any other Five Ikegami HK-357AT Adda ESP II Still Store System. communications system, do what Cameras with Triax and Canon Auditronics 36 -Input Stereo Sports Time did. Call on Midwest. 40:1 Lenses. Audio Console. We'll deliver a big hit for you. For Two Ikegami HL-79EAL Chyron 4100 Graphics further information about leasing Cameras with Canon 13:1 Lenses. Generator. the Eagle 1, contact Bill Spiegel at 24 -Input Grass Valley 300/3A Two Adda VW2 Frame Multimedia Entertainment Production Switcher. Synchronizers. 513-352-5065.

deliver another big hie

MIDWEST Communications Corp_ Mobile Unit Group One Sperti Drive Edgewood, KY 41017 606-331-8990 AR is a24 mixig bus, iline, du Iti-funcion recoin sole ular frae -ambled t 52 or re inputand eas dable. interch eamplifi rs - or trnsformer,ith single or dualAceqiscuh;a puts. ice of plu-in interch ngeable zers - 4-nd, switc ed fre u -band, fullpar gra 1

plu-in VCA cad, with choe of VCA. An interchangeale fader sysm - audio fader, VCA fder, or an atomated fader using the Q..W. Intellige Digital Fader module. WESTAR - w yet afforda e; the techbolagy of tomorro can be your today. quedeiq WegrrOX

INTERNA IONAL H ARTERS 225 Pcrksi e Drive, San Fernado.CA91341 A Telephon- 818-898-2341 ElpHT ESTREX, L 1 Fairway Greenford, MI X U136 8PW U.K. Telephon(01) 578-0957 T lex: 923003 Circle (130) Reply Card irOOOOO...... A0000000000000000 00'000004 loos,000000000

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOmood, oaamaaa odiadi al 0

The Standardby Over 50 which yearsagc, othersare ju the TELEFUNKEN ged: magneticrecorder. invented TELEFUNKENhas Sincethen, and is innovator beenthe accessible itrecorder leaderand And, the throughan RS -232 design,German technology. machineTELEFUNKENM21 is port. eigineering German witr the only craftsmanshiprave andGerman MetalUltra -lifeTELEFUNKEN's recorder,a systemcreatedthe M21 formance headsfor Anamo-phic raisedthe that the and superiorper- standards once againhas durability,in durabilitycnd for TELEFUNKENtradition. keepingwith value. performance Bo'oreyou but- TheM21's clan:ing a machine advanced microprocessorcontrols record/EQ/moritorand a.l techt!ologv,yoa should transport tal&tr) the TELE logic, peoplewho FUN advancedthat technolov. KEN Exclusive UnitedStates Distributor:

INTERNATIONAL Quad HEADQUARTERS:225 e.gnri EASTERN ForksideDrkie, WegrrOX UNITED SanFenando, STATESOFFICE: Telechonle CA91340 240D 818-898-2341 U.S.A. Clock) (20)on Reply Crestmoor Te ex Carc Road. Suite327, 662446 Nashville. -elephone TN 37215 615-386-7127 ADVERTISEMENT The RRAT-pak If you demand . * One of the biggest problems absolutely the best many radio news reporters have in s#w* II 0qi".-0 es* covering an event is not necessari- et II ly getting the story, but getting the * * 0 0 * audio transformer... equipment to do the story. There must be some unwritten law of broadcasting that states no matter how much gear you bring Superb specifications, consistent per- to an event, itis not enough. Yoe formance, and unsurpassed reliability will always leave something back have earned Jensen a solid reputation as at the station. the world's preeminent manufacturer of This problem is serious enough audio transformers. when the station is a few blocks We control every facet of design and away. Imagine leaving something construction, from core alloy up, using back at the office when you're a sophisticated computer modeling tech- network news reporter and your niques. With 5 years software develop- story assignment is somewhere in ment background, including an AC circuit analysis for Hewlett-Packard's desk top Central America! computers, we now market our own The ideal solution would be a advanced circuit optimization programs. medium-sized carrying case that Because Jensen transformers are could hold all the supplies that designed to function as an integral part of you could possibly need on any the circuit, not as an afterthought, all assignment. But can it be done? parameters can be optimized. The result Alan Walden of NBC News- is a clearly audible improvement in trans- after frustration over the grab-bag former technology. For example, our approach to transporting the tools Model JE-115K-E mic input transformer of his trade-proved that it can be has under 1% overshoot with no RC done. He put together something damping network (bridged output), and hecallstheRRAT-pak,an exceptional magnitude and phase acronym that stands for remote response. record and transmit. Our highly qualified technical staff is The accompanyingphotos eager to assist you with expert applica- show the wide variety of items tions engineering. Discerning engineers have field proven our transformers, by that Walden managed to fit neatly the tens of thousands, in the most into a 12" x 18" x 5" aluminum demanding environments - professional camera case. The whole package recording studios, fixed and mobile weighs only 35 pounds and can be broadcast facilities, and touring sound carried using the built-in handle or systems. That returns and failures are a shoulder strap. Best of all, it will rare is no accident; we place strong fit underneath an airline seat. The emphasis on quality control. case can be packed or unpacked We carefully inspect every transformer in less than five minutes. before and after encapsulation. Then, in In case you're wondering what our computerized automated test lab, we can fitinto Walden's RRAT-pak, verify that each and every transformer here is a list: meets or exceeds its specs. A Comrex PLX low frequency ex- We take this extra care because we are tender and power pack. dedicated to excellence. So next time you A Sony TC-5000cassette need a transformer, insist on the best - recorder, including a case and car- insist on a Jensen. ryingstrap.(The recorder also functions as a 2 -channel audio JENSEN TRANSFORMERS INC. mixer.) 10735 Burbank Boulevard North Hollywood, CA 91601 An Aiwa TP-26 cassette Phone: 1213) 876-0059 recorder. Closed Fridays, visitors by appointment only A Shure SM-63L microphone. An Atlas desk stand-the UK DISTRIBUTION BY: heavyweight kind that can't be Scenic Sounds Equipment Ltd. knocked over. Unit 2, 10 William Rd. A Sony headset/lip microphone London NW1 combination. Phone: 101) 387-1262 1011 734-2812 Aninductioncoilacoustic Telex:27 939 SCENIC G coupler. z A set of telephone clip heads. FAR EAST DISTRIBUTION BY: 0 An assortment of tools. Towa Engineering Co. Ltd. A 110V to 220V voltage con- No. 7th Azuma Bldg./1-9, Sakuma-cho, Kanda verter. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 0 An assortment of cables and Phone: 103) 253-3537 0 connectors. 0 AUSTRALIA DISTRIBUTION BY: Spare cassettes and batteries. Syntec International Pty. Ltd. And several miscellaneous 53 Victoria Ave./ Chatswood, N.S.W. 2067 The impressive array of items that items, such as a small flashlight, Phone: 102) 406-4700 Telex: SYNTEC AA 70570 can be transported in Alan Walden's stop watch, pad, pencils and set RRAT-pak equipment case. of mini binoculars. NEW ZEALAND DISTRIBUTION BY: Barton Sound Systems Ltd. 18 Norwich St./Auckland 1, New Zealand Phone: 109) 732-416 38 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 4, ...insist on a Jensen! REVisEEN 1984Ai 91491,P1: Choose from a wide variety of types and packages Computer optimized design 100% tested - consistent quality Low distortion Wide bandwidth Minimum transient distortion JE- 1 6A INPUT TRANSFORMERS AND SPECIAL TYPES it Square Way,:

20Hz Typical THO i Fveguency Band- 20 kHr , Number of PRICES Impedance Turns Max Below Saturation 1 Response Width, Phase Over- Noise Magneti:

i Faraday° Ratio Ratio 1 Input (%) 1 dB rel.I kHz) -3dB Response Shoot Figure Shield' ShieldsPackage° 1.19 100-249 1000 Model Application Pri-Sec Pri:Sec Level' 20 Hz1 kHz 1 20 Hz 20 kHz ur (kHz)i (degrees) (%) (dB) (dB) MICROPHONE INPUT A= 1 64.21 42.8929.60 tJE-16-A Mic in for 1 150-600 1:2 +8 0.036/0.003 - 0.08/ -0.05 200 -8 <1 1.7 -30 31.74 JE-16-B 990 opamp B = 2 68.86 45.99 Mic in for A=1 64.21 42,89 29.60 tJE-13K7-A 150-3750 1:5 +8 0.036/0.003 -0.09/ -0.21 85 -19 <2 2.3 -30 1 JE-13K7-B 990 or I.C. B=2 68.86 45.99 31.74 Mic in for 150-15K 1:10 -6 0.170/0.010 -0.50/ +0.10 115 --5 <7 1.5 -30 1 3 42.03 28.07 21.92 JE-115K-E I.C. opamp LINE INPUT

JE-11P-9 Line in 15K -15K 1:1 +26 0.025/0.003 -0.03/ -0.30 52 -28 <3 -30 1 1 103.47 69.13 47.69

JE-11P-1 Line in 15K -15K 1:1 + 17 0.045/0.003 -0.03/ -0.25 85 -23 <1 -30 1 3 40.05 26.76 20.90

JE-6110K-B Line in 36K-2200 B=1 62.86 42.01 30.83 4.1 +24 0.005/0.002 -0 02/ -0.09 125 - 12 <1 -30 1 BB= 2 71.52 47.79 32.97 JE-6110K-BBbridging (10K-600) : Line in 30K-1800 4:1 + 19 0.033/0.003 -0 11/ -0.08 160 -9 <2 -30 1 3 41.56 27.76 19.16 JE-10KB-C bridging (10K-600) Line in/ 600/150- 1.1 120 1 4 151.90101.47 70.01 JE-11SSP-8M +22 0.035/0.003 -0.03/ -0.00 -9 <3.5 -30 repeat coil 600/150 split 1:1 Line in/ 600/150- 1 5 79.22 52.91 36.51 JE-11SSP-6M +17 0.035/0.003 -0.25/ -0.00 160 -5 <3 -30 repeat coil 600/150 split SPECIAL TYPES 2-way3 150-150 1:1 +1 0.050/0.003 - 0.16/ -0.13 100 -12 <1 -30 2 3 34.60 23.13 18.06 tJE-MB-C mic split 3-way3 150-150- 1:1:1 +2 0.044/0.003 -0.14/ -0.16 100 -12 <1 - 30 3 3 60.09 40.15 31.35 tJE-MB-D micsplit 150 4-way3 150-150- 1:1:1:1 +10 0.050/0.002 -0.10/ -1.00 40 -18 <1 - 30 4 1 96.90 64.73 44.66 JE-MB-E mic split 150-150 " Directbox 20K-150 12:1 +19 0.096/0.005 -0.20/ -0.20 80 -18 <1 -30 2 6 43.57 29.11 22.73 JE-DB-E for guitar 1. (dBu) Max nput level = 1% THD; dBu = dBv ref. 0.775 V PACKAGE DIMENSIONS: 2. With recommended secondary termination 1 = 15/,6"Diam. x 1,6" 3. Specifications shown are for max. number of secondaries 2 = 13A6" x 13Aex13/4" terminated in 1000 ohm (typical mic preamp) 3 = We" Diam. x 1'/16" 4. Separate lead supplied for case and for each faraday shield 4 = 11/2" x 13/4" 2'/2" w / solder terminals 5. Except as noted, above transformers are cased in 80% 5 = Diam x13/4" nickel mu -metal cans with wire leads. 6 = -1/8" Diam. x 15/16" NICKEL CORE OUTPUT TRANSFORMERS6 Typical THO Freauency Band- 20 id z ' Nominal 20 Hz Max Output 6001 i It Impedance Turns Level' Load Rests onceBelow Saturation Response Width Phase Over- PRICES Ratio Ratio across (n)Loss pr r (%) (dB rd. 1 kHz) - 3 dB ResponseShoots 1000 Model Construction Pri-Sec Pri:Sec(d8u) windings(dB) Winding 20 Hz / 1 kHz 20 Hz / 20 kHz Cu (kHrz (degrees) ('6) Package, 1-19 100-249

--450 ,) 1 Ouadfilar 600-600 1 1 JE-123-BMCF -.- 28 2 - 1.1 20.11 0.002/ 0.002 -0.02/ -0.02 <- 7 87.41 44.17 30.47 80% nickel150-600 -1- 4 1 Ouadfilar 600-600 1:1 >450 -1 2 JE-123-DMCF 1:2160+21 2 -1.0 190 0.004/0.002 -0.02/ -0.00 <1 8 50.71 33.E8 23.38 80% nickel150-600 -2 5 >450 -1 9 600-600 1:1 <1 7 61.30 35.79 24.70 JE-123-BLCFOuadfilar 1:2230+32 2 -1.1 2C0 0.041/0.003 -0.02/ -0.01 170 150-600 1:2 -4 0 600-600 1:1 >450 -1 2 JE-123-DLCFOuadfilar +27 2 -1.0 1,c0 0.065/0.003 -0.02/ -0.01 <1 8 39.61 26.45 19.42 150-600 1:2 245 -2 5 600-600 1:1 >45C -1 2 JE-123-SLCFOuadfilar +23.5 2 -1.1 2C C) 0.088 /0.003 - 0.03 / -0.01 <1 9 33.48 22.35 15.43 150-600 -2 8 600600600-600 1:1 >45C -1 2 JE-112-LCF Ouadfilar 1:2245+20.4 2 -1.6 ail 0.114/0.003 -0.03/ -0.01 <1 10 25.48 17.01 12.49 -3 2 0.125/0.003 -0.04/ +0.06 190 -46 <6 8 42.14 28.-5 19.42 JE-123-ALCFOuadfilar 66.7-600 1:22051:3 +26.5 3 -1.3 Eft Bifilar w/ 600-600 1:1 -0.02/ +0.01>10MHz +1.1 JE-11S-LCF +30 1 (sec)-1.7 6:: n, 0.058/0.002 <1 8 42.14 28.15 19.42 split pri. 150-600 1:2 _0.02/ -0.05 155 -4.1 6. Multifilar construction has no faraday shield: cannot be used as PACKAGE DIMENSIONS: H Mounting Centers input trans ormer. All specifications are for 00 source, 6000 load 7 =V/2" x251,6"x 115,'6 213/46" 7. Max outpu level = 1% THD; dBu = dBv ref. 0.775 V 8 =15/16" X x 1W 23/e" 8. Source amplifier -3dB (a 100 kHz 9 =11N'x1"Aex 13N 2" 9. Output transformers are horizontal channel frame type with wire leacs, 10 =1'/16" x 1 7/16" x 13/16" 13/4" vertical channel frames available. Prices shown are effective 6:1 / 84 and are subject to change without notice. t IMPROVED PERFORMANCE * NEW MODELS Packing, shipping, and applicable sales taxes additional.

These charts include the most popular types which are usually available from stock. Many other types are available from stock or custom designs for OEM orders of 100 pieces or more can be made to order. Certified computer testing is available for OEM jensen ImsAf9Drmers orders. Call or write for applications assistance and/or detailed IN data sheets on individual models.

Circle (21) on Reply Card The crowded skies FCC TYPE ACCEPTED Radio channels typically used for RENG work are assigned on a sharedbasis,so receiptofa license is no guarantee of unlim- itedinterference -freeoperation. AX -10 AM Stereo Exciter. Indeed, an unused channel is the exception-not the rule-in most larger urban areas in the United States. Frequency coordinationis a complicated procedure thatre- quires careful thought, planning and generally a large amount of 4 lead-time.Broadcasters rarely have to decide whether they wish to become involved in frequency coordination efforts. The need for coordination is usually painfully Second Generation C-QUAM ' Digital Design. obvious to all people involved in RENG. Independent Right and Left Channel IFModulation Technique. The main driving force behind coordination efforts has been the Built-in Frequency Synthesizer. Society of Broadcast Engineers, which has set up a National Fre- E Peak -reading LED Modulation Display. quency Coordinating Committee to encourage and to assist in local coordination efforts. C-QUAM' Is a Registered Trademark of Motorola, Inc Spectrum congestion is a sad factoflifefor many stations engaged in RENG today. Users For Earliest 1985 Delivery, must recognize that coordination Place Your Order Now.. is vital to the reliable operation of BROADCAST remote broadcast systems. Spec- I=EELECTRONICS INC. trum congestion will, in all like- 4100 N 24th STP 0 BOX 3606. QUINCY IL 62305-3606.(21 7)224-9600, TELEX 25 0142 lihood,become worseinthe future, not better. Circle (22) on Reply Card Interference survey The July BE contained a post card questionnaire dealing with the interference problems broadcasters experience because of the operation of land mobile transmission equipment. A 3 -Chip CCD, ENG Most of the respondents, 87%, said that land mobile base station Camera Under $17,000? transmitters were located near their ENG/RENG receive antennas. The major problem experienced with these transmitters, according totherespondents, was the generationofintermodulation productsatshared sites. The Call NEC Toll -Free method used most often by sta- tionstoeliminatethisin- terference was the installation of 1-800-323-6656. cavity, notch or bandpass filters on the input of receiving equip- SP -3 from NEC. The cam/corder ment. combo for all VTR formats. Without Respondents indicated that the best way the industry as a whole burn -ins, comet tails, retubing, couldreduce theinterference or re -registration. Just call problems would be to implement strictfrequencycoordination NEC toll -free. For a camera that policies for broadcast and land won't go down the tubes. mobileoperations. The survey results are summarized in Table 1. We also asked respondents to comment ontheinterference problems they have personally ex- NEC perienced with land mobile operators or other broadcasters. A IMAGINE WHAT WELL DO FOR YOU sampling follows: NEC America, Inc.. Broadcast Equipment Division 130 Martin Lane, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 In Illinois 312-640-3792. "We have lost on -air RENG pro- 650-84, gramming andspentlarge Circle (23) on Reply Card 40 Broadcast Engineering January 1985 NTSC DIGITAL TEST GENERATOR DTG-1010N STUDIO 1 the multitasking

STUDIO 2 machine...

Dual feeds of 40 test signals to FIVE different locations with complete remote control. Two new test signals for chroma noise measurements and transmitter power calibration. Three VITS packages. Full range of trigger signals. Variable H and V blanking. Genlock. MAINTENANCE RS170A...of course.

:114,1111f DTG-1010N

110 MP nAt o Uroa Attcr.

Plus outputs of

BLANKING Progre,sive ( oniepts in I (*vision I ei hnology Leitch Video of America, Inc. Leitch Video Limited SUBCARRIER 825K Greenbrier (ir( le Dyas Road Chesapv.ike, VA 23320 Don Milk, Onlario M311 1V5 TRIGGERS Tel.: (81141 424-7920 Tel.: (41'n 445-9640 Telex 11711) 882 4342 lelex: 06 986 241

Circle (24) on Reply Card amounts of time on interference money on my system because spendingmoneyontheir tracking. I have been spending land mobile people have not been systems."

The major problem experienced with land mobile transmission "Because mostlandmobile equipment: transmitters use vertically polar- 1. Intermodulation products. ized antennas, we have noticed a 2. Out -of -band radiation. significantreductioninin- 3. Desensitization of receiving equipment. terferencebyusinghorizontal polarizationforremote pickup The method used to eliminate interference: use. This technique is difficult to 1.Installation of cavity, notch or bandpass filters. use for vehicles and aircraft, but it 2. Relocation of receive antennas for greater horizontal or vertical is effective on point-to-point work separation from land mobile transmit antennas. with directional antennas." 3. Installation of more selective receive antennas. 4. Placement of receivers farther away from land mobile transmitters. "We have experienced many 5. Use of special encoding/decoding techniques. problems of a lack of coordination without-of-townbroadcasters, The best way the industry could reduce interference between services: much more so than with land 1. Strict frequency coordination policies for broadcast and land mobile users." mobile operations. 2. Better enforcement of the last in interference policy. "A big problem is the network 3. Assignment of land mobile reserve bands for use by broadcasters. crews that come into an area and 4. Implementation of new transmission technologies, such as use ENG/RENG frequencies with- amplitude compandored sideband (ACBS) systems. out contacting the local stations." 5. Use of vacant UHF TV channels for broadcast and land mobile communications. Editor's note: Table 1. Results of the interference questionnaire that was published For additional Information on the SBE's frequency coordination program, write the socie- in the July BE. ty at P.O. Box 50844, Indianapolis, IN 46250.

which gives the talent an even greater

TALENT EQUIPMENT degree offlexibility.The receiver REMOTE VAN INSTALLATION antenna atthe remote van can be either an omnidirectional unit, or a PROGRAM OUT OUTPUT O_ SELECT Yagi. IOMNIDIRECTIONAL RECEIVER ANTENNA YAGI RENG1111 The system shown in Figure 5 in- RECEIVE ANTENNA AUDIO OUTPUT cludes a monitor receiver to prevent HAND -CARRIED RENG ARS transmission TRANSMITTER AUDIO AND CONTROL in progress. WIRELESS MICROPHONE ARS RELAY There is a limit, of course, to the TRANSMITTER AND SYSTEM LOGIC number of times a signal can be re- VIIITRANSMIT DIVERSITY -TYPE ANTENNA peated and still maintain good audio WIRELESS MICROPHONE RECEIVER specifications. Moreover, each added

OMNIDIRECTIONAL hop in the path between the remote siteandthestudioincreasesthe chances of a spurious signal interrupt-

CUES AND CUES AND MONITOR ing the remote feed. Each additional ORDERS ORDERS RECEIVER WALKIE-TALKIE WALKIE-TALKIE hop also increases the complexity of the system and the vulnerability of the total link to equipment failure. The goal for any RENG system should be to keep the arrangement as simple and CUES AND ORDERS direct as possible, while providing TRANSCEIVER talentflexibility, backup protection and high performance. Figure 5. The use of an ARS system at the event site for added range and talent flexibility. In conclusion You should plan and construct an RENG network long-term service and maintainpositive control over the Figure 5 also shows a repeater sta- frequency coordination requirements system, you should have the option to tion configuration that can be used in mind. Areas that currently do not override the ARS logic by remote con- when a high -power transmitter is re- experience spectrum congestion prob- trol from the studio. quired to reach either the studio or the lems may encounter them in the near Figure 5 shows some of the ways the ARS relay point. The use of are- future. It pays, therefore, to design a remote location program audio can be peater-configured as a standard ARS system that is spectrum -efficient and transmitted. As mentioned previous- station-in a car or van outside the relatively immune to interfering sig- ly, the communications transceiver is remote location gives the talent at the nals.Itisalways easier-and used for cues and orders from the eventgreaterflexibility, because a cheaper-to do the job right the first studio location. The program channel small hand -carried transmitter can be time. link can consist of a hand- or pack - used, rather than a larger unit with carriedtransmitter, which directly antenna and power cables attached. This article was adapted from a chapter on RENG feeds the studio receiver or one or This arrangement is also ideally suited technology written for the soon -to -be published 7th more ARS systems. for use with a wireless microphone, edition of the NAB Engineering Handbook. I:I.4))1

42 Broadcast Engineering January 1985 IlaX011 461 F

ideocassette

PRODUCED WITHMOLECULAR FUSION BINDINGFOR AN OXIDE BOND IMMUNE TO TIME OR STRESS.

EDITEDWITHOUT TAPE STRETCHING OR PARTICLE FLAKING.

TAPED WITH THEHIGHEST SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO. AND COSTARRING THE TOUGHEST SHELL IN THE BUSINESS. ANOTHER MAJOR STUDIO RELEASE FROMmaxell. AVAILABLE IN KCS AND KCA FORMATS. PROFESSIONALIINDUSTRIAL DIVISION Maxell Corporation of America 60 Oxford Drive, Moonachie, NJ 07074 201-440-8020 Circle (25) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 43 Field report: Electro-Voice ELX-I remote mixer By Brad Dick, director engineering, board contains the bar graph and itsference problems. A subjective RFI KANU/KFKU radio, associated driver components. Inter-test was conducted with a handi-talki University of Kansas, Lawrence connectionbetweenthevariousand is described later. boards is made through Molex -style The mixer has low-cut filters onall The Electro-Voice ELX-1 broadcast connectors. inputs.Selectable by depressinga remote audio mixer is similar to other front panel switch next to each fader, small 4 -channel portable units, but Mixerinputs/outputs the filters help reduce the effects of with some unique and useful features. The mixer has four inputs, eachwind,handlingandbackground The ELX-1 is contained in a sturdy switchable to either line or micro-noises. The corner frequency of the black metal case. It weighs about 51/2 phone level.Itis important to notefilter is 100Hz, with a slope of 6dB per pounds with batteries and cord and that these inputs are not transformer - octave. The effect of the low-cut filters may be carried with a shoulder strap, isolated. However, the unitispro- on frequency response is shownin if desired. vided with choke and bypass filtering Figure1. Theinternalconstructionis on the input stages to eliminate the All inputs have captive latches on straightforward and well laid out. The potential of RF interference. To fur-the XLR connectors. Once plugged in mixer uses three main circuit boardsther enhance RF rejection, a pair of to the ELX-1, mic cables are not going and most components mount directly high performance transistors are used to be accidentally pulled out during a on those boards. The rear PCB con- in the first stage of amplification, in-broadcast. tains the input circuitry and RF filter- stead of the differential -input IC com- Next to each input fader is a small ing. The front board holds the solid- mon in many studio consoles. red clip LED. This LED monitors the statecomponents, faders, output am- The ELX-1 was usedat KANU/output of its respective pre -amplifier plifiers and oscillator. A small circuit KFKUinavarietyoflocations for clipped audio. Upon detection of board mounted on top of the front withoutanynoticeableRFinter - clipping, the LED light warns the operatortoback down thelevel. Listening tests showed that the clip LEDs came on at about the same point Table 1 thattheaudiowas Frequency Response (line level noticeably input to line level output: distorted. 20Hz - 20kHz +0, - 0.7dB The mixer also provides phantom powering for microphones. A 30Vdc Total Harmonic Distortion: supplyisappliedtoeach 20Hz at + 4dBm output 0.14% input 100Hz at + 18dBm output 0.065% through a switch on the back panel. 1000Hz at + 18dBm output 0.045% As more condenser microphones find 10kHz at + 18dBm output 0.105% application in remote broadcasting, 20kHz at + 18dBm output 0.036% this feature will become even more important. Internal Oscillator: The ELX-1 has two transformer - Frequency: 998Hz The internal construction of the mixer, Distortion: 1.05% balancedoutputs. One output, showing the input circuit board (top of available on a twin banana jack,is Output Noise: the photo) and the mixer/amplifier board capable of holding a telephone line-if Inputs Down, (bottom). The LED bargraph display PCB Master Down - 75dBu can be seen mounted on top of the mix- required-andprovidesanominal Inputs Down, er/amplifier board with the foil side fac- OdBm level. The second output, a rear Master at Nominal - 72dBu ing up. panel male XLR connector, provides a Inputs Down, selectable line or microphone level Master Up Full - 61.6dBu Table 1. The measured performance of signal. theELX-1 audio mixer. 3 -way power supply

I ' Backup batteries are contained inside the mixer and are accessible through a removable panel on the bottom of the unit. Three9Vbatteries are ,U1 FILTER OUT required, and no recharging circuit is provided. This arrangement is typical of portable remote mixers, causing you to wonder why few manufacturers make provisions for rechargeable batteries. The lack of such an option is disap- pointing because most other remote equipment uses rechargeable batteries and operators are conditioned to having this feature.

11:03 20110 FREQUENCY IN CYCLES PER SECOND (Hz) A front panel Electro-Pulse Power StatusLEDglows green when using Figure 1. The frequency response below 2kHz with the low cut filter switched in and ac power, indicating proper opera- out of the circuit. tion. When batteries are used, the

44 BroadcastEngineeringJanuary 1985 RifCustomer Orientation No. 2 in a Series Subject: The Convergence Principle 204 Editors experienced with sophisticated compu- the edit and change it yot. neednever know a n umber. terized editing systems k low thatbehind the pictures So if you are the kind of Editor whostill thinks of are numbers - t me code numbers, editnumbers, reel numbers. the beginning of Act Twoas "MED. SHOT - ELIZABETH" and nct as "016 01 VI OC:23:08:0300:23:09:C5 The Convergence Principle is tokeep the numbers 1:10:30:00 1:10:31:02". see the in the background and the actionup front. Convergence 204. Consider JoyScrol in the 204. Justas the 204 may be the mill numberyou need to know. Convergence Joystick givesyou control of tape shuttling, backwards and forwards.JoyScrol gives you CONVERGENCE a uniquely simple way to keep track ofwhere you are in an edit list. CACIPNEFPCIPIMIETOCIPIRI As you review yom cut visually.JoyScrol causes 1641 McGaw. Irvine. CA 92714-5661. (714)250-1641 the edit list to scroll alcng in tandem. When you Kop at AVAILABLE INTERNATIONALLY THROUGHACQUIS LTD. a shot, the edit contai -ling that materialis auto -nati- 1 ;Wicks, Spitfire Way. Heston. MicdlesexTW5 9NR U.K. cally highlighted on the displayscreen. To call up -elephone: 01-759 3891 Telex: 329344ACQUIS G Electro-Pulse LED will flash toin- The feature is, however, typical ofm dicate that the power supply is on. many large PA consoles. For those The flash rate corresponds to the sup- who work with live and taped broad- 30 ply voltage and ranges from one flash casts, the advantage of deriving the per second to one flash every five headphone signal separately from the w20 seconds. The slower flashratein- main output signal will be obvious. It I- dicates weak batteries. may take a little getting use to, but you D Should the supply voltage fall below will probably grow to like it. io 18V, the LED will stop flashing. A rear panel jack allows the mixer to he Sine wave oscillator 0 powered from a 30Vdc supply. The ELX-1 has a low distortion0 0 oscillator useful for level checks. The Headphone amplifier output is a clean sine wave, and the 0 10 20 30 40 Without a doubt, the best feature ofmaster level control is used to vary the AUDIO INPUT LEVEL (dB) this mixer is the headphone circuit. oscillator level. The oscillator signal is Figure2. The limitingactionof the The mixer has a true headphonealso available on the rear panel at a mixer's built-in gain control circuit. amplifier capable of driving any type fixed level of - 10dBm. of load, stereo or mono. Many portable mixers suffer from inadequate level Limiter eliminating audio clipping due toex- on the headphone feed, but this is not The limiter circuit provides gentle cessive levels. the case with the ELX-1. The head-but positive control of audio levels. phone amplifier is capable of pro-Selectable from the front panel, the Bar graph VU meter viding + 18dBm output. The amplifier circuit limits the output to a max- The front panel meter may surprise can also be used as a separate lineimum of + 14dBm. The circuit pre-some old-timers. No more miniature level output channel, if needed. vents clipping distortion and providesVU meters with questionable ballistics The input to the headphone ampli- a front panel indication of when theor bent pointers. This mixer uses a fier is derived from the mix bus, justcircuit is operating. If required, the10 -segment LED bar graph. The dis- prior to the master gain control input. limiter threshold of + 14dBm can beplay contains five green and four This feature provides the operator changed by following the simple in-yellow bar LEDs corresponding to with the ability to hear the total mix structions contained in the instructionlevels from - 12 to + 12dB. audio, even if it is necessary to dump manual. The 10th LED is red and provides an the output with the master fader. This Figure 2 shows the input -vs. -output indication of clipping in either the arrangement is not typical of mostlevel response of the limiter circuit.mix amplifier output or the main broadcast mixers and may seem con-Performance tests showed the limiteramplifieroutput.Ifreducingthe fusing at first. to work smoothly and effectively in master volume control does not extin-

PARAMMTRIC EGUAW21114

The Orban 622B Parametric Equalizer has achieved near -legendary status in the broadcast industry for It speaksgood reason. It is the most flexible, musically -useful equalizer on the market today. And, it offers the broadcaster unlimited versatility in production room sweetening as well as the capability to be used on for itself. the program line to tailor the sound of the station. The 622B combines full, 4 -band parametric EQ along with tunable notch filters to offer extraordinary control. Our "constant -Q" design provides- 40dB attenuation while allowing gentle broadband EQ as well. This means that the 622B can greatly reduce equipment requirements in the production studio. The demanding broadcaster will also appreciate Orban broadcast -quality construction, stability, reliability, and responsive customer service. Call or write today for details. orbanOrban Associates Inc. 645 Bryant St. San Francisco, CA 94107 (415) 957-1067 TLX: 17-1480 Circle (27) on Reply Card 46 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Pro Pac' 90. The perfect direct replacement battery for the Sony BP -90.

All cell fast 4. Molded charge sensors 2. Cold temp steel -reinforced sensor strain relief

S. PC board

7. Cuicir change fuse

6 Thermal ruse 1. Triconn connector

Typical BP -90 replacement battery: Failures waiting to happen. Compare and find out why. Have you ever thought about all the reasons whv VTR batteries fail in the field? We have. Anton/Bauer designed Pro i'ac' 90 with exclusive features that assure dependable performance for your field productions.

Loose wiring. No fast charge sensors. (1) Unique Triconnim connector (patent pending) automatically couples No cold temp sensor. cold temperature and fast charge protection sensors (2) and (3) to Anton/Bauer Lifesaver' chargers for 100% safe fast and quick charging. (4) Molded cable assembly with solid wire terminations on PC board withstands the roughest handling. (5) PC board design eliminates loose wiring and failures caused by flexing, chafing, pinching and breaking. (6) Backup hi -temp fuse in cutput for total thermal protection and (7) snap -in design for easy. quick replacement of 3AG fuse. No strain ref ef. Right angle wire stress. Plus the Pro Pac 90 uses new technology NiCad cells for greater capacity, Splices. improved voltage plateau, more reliable fast charging and virtually no "memory" problems. 100% computer resting certifies the superior performance characteristics of your Anton/Bauer Pro Pac 90 battery. Survives in the field. Pro Pac 90's desgn eliminates the failures a of conventional BP -90 type batteries. Thecof is in the field. Fuse replacement requires soldering and special pigtail fuse. quality standard1 of the video industrymins

Anton/Bauer. Inc. D One Controls Drive, Shelton, CT 06484 0 203-929-1100 Circle (28) or Reply Card guish the LED, then the mixer ampli-room caused by weak batteries. This ions. The mixer also looks sharp, fier is being overdriven and one ofaction allows the operator to reduceespecially with the bar graph meter. the input faders should be turned levels as necessary and yet continue to The LED meter may take a bit of get- down. operate without audio distortion. ting used to, especially in the peak The meter comes set up to display To conserve battery life, the LEDconfiguration. Several operators liked peak levels as described in PPM stan- bar display switches to a dot mode the looks of the meter, but had to ad- dard BS4297. The manual also pro- when batteries are used. With dc oper- just their habits to get proper transmit vides instructions for changing the ation, only one segment will light at alevels. However, once accustomed to meterto VU ballisticsforthose time instead of the normal bar graph the display action, all seemed to like it. operators who prefer the familiar VU display. There was particular appreciation characteristics. for the clip LED. Quality conscious To protect the audio signal from Operators' comments operators said that it helped them use distortingasthebatterysupply In general, the operators who used the mixer more effectively. voltage falls, the LED clip circuit trig- this mixer liked it. The small size and The switches on the ELX-1 are all ger threshold is automatically reduced light weight of the ELX-1 may havepush-lock/push-release and easyto to compensate for the lower head- had something to do with those opin-use, perhaps too easy. On two occa- sions, an operator found that while connecting cables to the mixer, one of the rear panel mic/line buttons was inadvertently depressed. This caused line level input signals to be applied to the pre -amplifier stage. No damage resulted, and the operator quickly learned to watch for such mistakes. A LITTLE FREE The same problem could also occur with the XLR output jack. If you were set up for microphone level out and then mistakenly depressed the output ADVICE ABOUT switch, about 40dB of additional level would be piped down the line. One item that bothered a couple of FIBER OPTICS. engineers was the removable power cord. Canada requires certain types of electrical gear to be equipped with removable ac cords. Most of us in the United States are not used to such requirements, although some manufacturers do provide the feature. An argument can be made whether itis better to have a cord firmly af- fixed to the mixer and run the risk of having it wear through at the point of exit, or whether the removable cord is simplyaninvitationfortrouble, because it can be left behind at the studio by the remote crew. Concern rlit about the cord is a minor point and anyone should be able to live with -411111111111. either situation. For Grass Valley Group, our fiber optics technology passed its first real world test at Lake Placid. WAVELINK® entered production. Performance tests Systems went into Epcot and Sarajevo. Solved the complex distri- One problem our engineers have bution needs of the Democratic National Convention and servedas faced on past remotes was the sen- the hook-up between ABC and the International Broadcast Center. sitivityof remote gearto RF in- The world watched the '84 Summer Games thanks to our opto- terference. Although objective meas- electronic expertise. urements in this area are complex If you're one of those forward thinking types looking to fiber and difficult to conduct, an effort was optics as tomorrow's broadband communications standard, we've made to examine the performance of got something for you. And, it's free. A carefully designed slide rule the ELX-1 in the presence of an RF to calculate estimated system performance or allowable loss field. budget. Send your request, on your letterhead, to the address listed A 5W high frequency handi-talki below. We'll send you this handy tool almost at the speed of light. transmitter was usedasasignal source for the interference test. The handi-talki was placed 2 feet from the mixer, and the steady state and im- Grass Valley Group' pulse noise levels were measured. The A TEKTRONIX COMPANY steady state noise did not change The Grass Valley Group MO when the handi-talki was keyed. There Wavelink Department, 13024 Bitney Springs Rd., Grass Valley, CA 95945 was a brief 20dB spike in the output noise level, but once this impulse passed, the noise returned to a normal level. Circle (29) on ReplyCard 48 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 GEC McMICHAELIMARCONI STUDIO SYSTEMS

±""ii na_Agiat_ IRK INC IL If Lill IL MIL -LLmlm IL MEM WYE ilma, M_ 1116dIr A liarwrAdmulbor_. 81_111C. ism_ HEIL 1011

SMALL TRANSPORTABLE SYSTEMS DESIGNED TO CHANGE THE WAY YOU TRANSMIT

TELE- CONFERENCING

ENG SNG

T, AND 1/2T, T, AND 1/2T, 1.5 MB, s 2.048 MB/s

525 LINE 625 LINE .

Video CODEC compresses Truly compliant KU GEC McMichael offers bandwidth, provides low- band elliptical satellite over half a century of cost solution to telecon- terminals. broadcast experience. ferencing and ENG.

GEC McMichael has introduced a GEC McMichael offers a 5 -meter GEC McMichael has been designing / 1/2T1 compression bandwidth unit equivalent terminal that fits easily inside and manufacturing products for the that is compact and light enough to go a standard freight container and meets broadcasting community since 1917. anywhere. In fact, the quality of the GEC 29-25 LOG 6 requirements in both The company has been involved with Video CODEC-at 1.5 MB/s-makes it planes. KU band technology since 1977. ideal for news department broadcasts The one-piece elliptical offset -fed The ACE standards converter, a as well as teleconferencing. C/KU band antenna can also be trans- resul': of GEC's years of experience, is The CODEC, which is available in ported by a standard -size or 1/2 -ton used by most major broadcast studios both 525- and 625 -line versions, weighs pickup. It is a completely redundant KU and is considered to be the standard of only 116 lbs. and is 23 inches high. band system that is only 5.9 meters long comparison throughout the world. When combined with GEC's small by 2.6 meters high. The broadcast experience and know- transportable KU band system, the new Since this is the smallest INTELSAT how that led to the development of Video CODEC is easily the most ver- E-2 antenna on the market, it is ideal ACE has also enabled GEC to design satile product of its kind available. for hi -wind load, low -profile areas. The the highest quality compression antenna's small size also makes it more bandwidth CODEC and KU band satellite environmentally compatible than com- systems. petitive types. GEC McMichael is a subsidiary of the General .941reMcMICHAEL Electric Company of England.

For more information on any of the GEC McMichael broadcast oroducts or systems, call 602 948-7255 or write GEC McMichael/Marconi Studio Systems at 8260 East Raintree, Scottsdale, Arizoia 85260. TELEX 650-224-6202. Circle (3134 on Reply Card for Literature Circle (31) on Reply Card for Salesperson to Call January 1985 Broadcast Engineering49 Maximum Input Loyola Max Sic -2 dB Gain Clip LED Line .34 dB lie dB Stacking Weider Output I to evil Channel out In RF na Low Cul .Me Am 0 Fill Select Flit., vl Input LevelI O Io ea cmi.I 21 08 Gain Channel 2 Displ

Channel 1

Clip LED I AV I

Channel RF MkJLIM Low Cut Headphone Filter silent SPlar Output

Input Level tientom Pouter Auxiliary Control Input Oscillator Select

Figure3. the block diagram of the ELX-1 mixer.

The same test was then conducted particulartoonlythisunitis The features built into the ELX-1 on a well known portable mixer withunknown. It was not possible to ob-make ita versatile unit for sports different results. That mixer showed atain another unit in time to meet remotes, news conferences and other 40dB increase in noise level and ascheduled deadlines. Table 1 showsmonaural sources.Itiswell con- 60dB impulse spike. Although these theunit'smeasured audioper- structed and designed to take a lot of tests are not scientific, the ELX-1 does formance in the field. abuse in the field. seem to be less sensitive to RF in- Editor's note: terference than at least one similar Conclusion The field report is an exclusive BE feature for broad. model tested. The mixer is easy to use, with all casters. Each report is prepared by the staff of a The mixer passed all the perform- broadcast station, production facility or consulting controls well laid out. Because of its firm. ancetestsconductedexceptthe low profile, most applications will re- In essence, these field reports are prepared by the noise specification measurement. In quire the use of some type of support industry and for the Industry. Manufacturers support is limited to providing loan equipment and to aiding each of the three test cases, the noise to tilt the unit upward so the front the author if support is requested in some area. levelmeasured on thisparticular panel can be easily seen. Several units It Is the responsibility of Broadcast Engineering to publish the results of any piece tested, whether mixer was about 5dB higher thancan also be stacked on top of each positive or negative. No report should be considered what is specified by the manufacturer. other to provide a large number of anendorsementordisapprovalby Broadcast Whether the measured noise level is audio channels in a small place. Engineering. I :r4))1

Chicago's Post Effects chose a Ross 508 production switcher to be at the heart of their new state- of-the-arteditingandspecial effects house.

The Post Effects switcher lived up to the Ross record for reliabi. lity too: "We knew it would work, right out of the box --and it did."

How do they likeit:"With the Encore menory system and serial interface to our ISC editor, no other switcher comes close to matching the 508's capabilities. Our editors like it and our clients "Superior performance keep comingback.The Ross at a reasonable cost" switcher has played a major role in our success -Mike Fayette - 'owner/editor Post Effects Let us help you write your own success story with a switcher from Ross Video. CANADA Ross Video Limited USA: Ross Video Inc liSpROSS 500 John St. P.O.Box 880 Iroquois, Ontario, Canada KOE 1K0 Ogdensburg, New York 13669 Tel: (613) 652-4886 1 Telex: 05-811579 Circle (108) on Reply Card 50 Broadcast EnglossringJanuary 1985 I TN tl I131hrr 1...,SC.,'01g f a". IP, Sign %pi.? 1? F;.,, ? TNT, 7 DIP IT 3 S Ora rg r;s: 1111: :,11,:7,`,:,Z t4ir f 4111.111.3111,1 5 Blip. I TWIT I146.1r1UPI i TWIT 3 trint canTIM 7 :III 3 Min I Ill. TM Nip 4: = 1'1 Z: 12 I 1:1:;1 511 S. MY, IN-al`lit 353110

11 IS.,, 74 Rao 111 MP. I% TO. 443* Wow Ti IIcftl 7:0 "M. Low. 1 I114 IppI Min failr 110.9 4ta earl Cimmol1 no. Mail; 41.0 lam ahm III 4 two. sa,a1 a I *.g. S..:i nap! tea ) IMMO,

Harris 9100 Intelligent Remote Control System

In its various configurations, the Harris 9100 mote control system on the market. provides intelligent remote control; automatic transmitter control; automatic logging; plant Improve your manpower allocation. Increase protection through intrusion and fire alarms; plant protection. Maximize equipment life. The and automatic control of tower lights and build- Harris 9100's automatic features are unmatched. ing temperature.It can even exercise your Whether you're AM, FM, TV or Satellite (or any standby equipment...and operate up to three combination), the Harris 9100 Intelligent Re- remote sites from a single location! mote Control System is designed for you-for your security, efficiency and savings. For more The Harris 9100 watches over your transmission system and physical plant. It makes deci- information, contact Harris Corporation, Studio Division, P.O. Box 4290, Quincy, Illinois 62305- sions automatically, based on pre-programmed limits...with a minimum of operator interven- 4290. 217-222-8200. tion. Quite simply, it is the most intelligent re- HARRIS

Circle (32) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 51 By Dennis Ciapura, KFSD in San Diego has proved that Fireworks burst over theSan Diego Pops technology consultant this is not the case. The fine arts sta- orchestra as KFSD begins another live tion recently concluded broadcasting broadcast in its concert series. Years ago, live concert broadcaststhe entire San Diego Pops concert were frequent events, and everyoneseason from a local park with im- took them forgranted.Recording pressive results using modest equip-link, permitting the maximum audio devices were crude, and stereo was ment. fidelity.Afterall,anintervening still something that you read about in The system employed comes close recording device could only impair magazines. toproviding thestation'slisteners the fidelity and nothing short of a Unfortunately, wideband home re- with a microphone -to -home amplifierdigitalrecordingwillmatch FM ceiving and reproducing equipment was rare, and the fidelity that the old live broadcasts offered was never ap- preciated by most listeners. With the advent of the 33 rpm microgroove disk and improved magnetic tape recording, live broadcasting faded behind the brighter glow of en- thusiasm for the new hi-fi recordings. Today, consumer equipmentisso good-better than the LP record-that one of the few really unique audio "treats" that radio can offer is once again the ubiquitous live broadcast. An FM stationthatisproperly engineered can air live concerts that surpass the fidelity of anything except digital compact disc recordings. Quality on a budget Although many engineers may feel thatsuperblivebroadcastsare KSFD chief engineer Doug Schleutker rides the audio mixer gain during the station's necessarily an expensive proposition, broadcasts. The purr-fect alternative toaTomcat: stops. Center -supported by a floating BUILT RUGGED FOR THE REAL There probablyisn't a radio engineer ball bearing race, the pinchroller self - RADIO WORLD. on the planet who isn't familiar with the aligns to prevent tape skew. Allof the electronics are contained on outstanding performance of our The cartridge guides guarantee three easily accessible circuit boards and esteemed Tomcat cart machines. We've accurate, repeatable positioning. The the elegantly simple mechanics couldn't built and delivered more than 2,000 deckplate is thick alluminum alloy, be easier to get at for routine inspection 'Cat's" since we introduced them in precision milled and surfaced. Naturally, and maintenance. Micromax is totally 1981. the heads are fully adjustable and RFI immune, and consumes only 7 watts For those who want the quality, mounted in beefy, precision cast - running. Because the attractive dependability and sonic performance of assemblies. chassis doesn't require any ventilation a Tomcat (and are willing to give -up a THE ELECTRONICS: ADVANCED, LIKE A TOMCAT. slots and screens, there's less outside few of it's bells n' whistles), a serious world that gets into the inside. Because evaluation of our new Micromax is in WithMicromax you've got lot's of the compact design, you can get two order. of headroom, better transient response reproducers side -by side in a rack with MICROMAX IS MORE THAN THE and +24 dBm active, balanced program just 31/2' required. Of course, Micromax HIGH-TECH" LOOK. outputs. We've even designed efficient is pin -for -pin connector compatible with WthMicromax, our Maxtraxe heads low -noise CMOS control logic. the Tomcat. come standard. Maxtrax is now widely Micromax has the standard two HOW MUCH? accepted as THE performance standard auxiliary cue tones and high-speed recue (22.5 ips). You can set a replay inhibit, TheMicromax reproducer with because it delivers a half-track signal Maxtrax heads is only $1,445.00 FOB without quarter -track noise. With nearly and assign a machine number to the front panel LED display (which also Carlsbad, California - where we twice as much track width, you get a manufacture it. A recorder version will quantum leap in sound quality, which, doubles as the power indicator). IT SOUNDS AS GOOD AS IT LOOKS. be available soon and we fully expect it's by our way of thinking, is the real price to be as affordable as the bottom line. If your library is quarter - Thesuperlative specs can't tell you the reproducer -only model (stay tuned). track (the NAB standard), no problem. whole story of Micromax. You have to A Tomcat sits comfortably above the Micromax can be ordered with an hear it. Micromax has a red-hot, crystal- rest of the pack, but the new Micromax optional set of NAB stereo playback clear top -end. And a clean, punchy low - could be the purr-fect alternative for heads for immediate library use. end. Everything in-between jumps right you. Either way, you can't lose. THE MECHANICS: TOUGH, LIKE A out in front of your ears too. Micromax Call us now or circle the bingo. We'll TOMCAT. can instantly put much better sound on - be happy to rush you technical air for you. Now. Regardless of your The D.C.-controlledcapstan runs brochures that fill-in all the other details station's choice of carts. in sealed microfine bearings and is we couldn't cover here. driven by a servo/belt system developed from computer disk drives. The result is superb wow & flutter specs. The conventional pinchroller solenoid was Pacific Recorders & Engineering Corp. eliminated (and thus the damaging heat), 2070 Las Palmas Drive and replaced with a simple, reliable Carlsbad, California 90028 (619) 438-3911 Telex: 181777 D.C. servomotor which assures Maxtrax. The proven, superior format that optimum, adjustable capstan -to -tape delivers nearly twice as much track width for better The Choice for More #1 Stations. pressure and remarkably rapid starts and sound.

e Maxtrax is a registered trademark of PR&E Corp. The New Micromax. transmission quality if everything isSchleutker, who does his best to keepFM to be inherently inferior because optimized. all of the last generation equipmentof frequency selective limiting and The KFSD equipment list starts with maintained at peak performance. "limited" bandwidth, records have two Crown PZM microphones set up He has kept all of the system cleaneven greater restrictions. as a conventional stereo pair. Theyand simple. Like many fine arts sta- Although it is true that a disc may feed two Shure M67 mixers, whichtion engineers, Schleutker elected tohave frequency response in excess of drive 15kHz Telco loops back to the minimize the amount of equipment inthe 15kHz to 17kHz that FM stereo studio. At the station, a Cetec console the audio chain. The same formula forstations can transmit, distortion prod- feeds dual mono STLs to the trans- success can also work for stations air-ucts make up most of the audio sig- mittersite,where two Moseley ing other formats. nal that comes off a disc above 15kHz. TFL-280 limiters are used to drive the Furthermore, the RIAA recording RCA transmitter. The limiters are set How good is good? characteristic embodies high frequen- up so that average program levels are The LP record still sets the standardcy pre -emphasis similar to the FM 10dB below the threshold of limiting. for reproduction in the home, and FMcurve, and so frequency selective The most important component inbroadcasts are actually heir to lesslimiting is almost always employed in the system, however, is the human losses than recorded material on disc.generating the master disc. Records element-chief engineer Doug Although many audiophiles considerare also subject to certain mechanical limitations that restrict the best possible average distortion performance over the audio frequency range to about0.7%. Distortion because of tracking error increases inversely as a function of the linear speed of the groove under the stylus and is, therefore, nearly four times as great near the end of an LP as it is near the beginning. This distortion increases with audio frequency and level. The distortion from a disc is mostly second harmonic and that is the only reason the darned things are listenable! Anyone who has worked in a recording environment is familiar with the artificial crispness that a disc can im- part to recorded music. In fact, an in- experienced listener often feels that master tapes lack high end, when in reality what is being heard is clean reproduction of the 3kHz to 8kHz HAT region. An FM station, on the other hand, ,J can have extremely low distortion and no mechanical colorations. A proper- A ly microphoned live concert repro- duced by a state-of-the-art FM receiver, driven by a solid multipath- free input signal, can actually provide SMART much better realism than a typical Charge Video record. When one considers disc sur- Battery Packs the face imperfections, which cause ex- Smart Way. With tremely disruptive interference with ALEX! the program material, FM looks even the Alexander better. Smart Charger Although CD provides numerical How smart is it? This smart. The Alexander performance superior to FM capabili- Smart Charger utilizes a unique micro- ty, most of the improvement isin processor to sense the full charge point of areas that seldom manifest themselves a nickel -cadmium battery. Then it goes to as audible differences. The biggest CD trickle. Ordinary chargers operate on a timer and continue to charge even when advantages are greater dynamic range the job is done. And that's dumb. than most programming requires, fre- quencyresponse beyond whatis The Alexander Triplex Smart Charger will work with up to three packs in the 12-14.4 needed for realistic reproduction and volt range. Each pack is brought to full distortion that is several orders of magnitude lower thanthemicro- charge in less than two hours. Automatic- ASK FOR THE NAME OF YOUR ally. Without monitoring. And that's ALEXANDER BATTERY DISTRIBUTOR phones that are employed to make the smart. recording. Radio stations that are willing to ALEXIMIDER take the time and effort to produce Alexander Mfg. Co., Box 1645, Mason City, IA 50401 live broadcasts have a unique oppor- 515-423-8955 tunity to provide an invaluable service to their listeners. Circle (34) on Reply Card I 54 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 N EW! Right Angle PC Connectors... for greater PC board density

Designed for mass production operations Available in 2 and 3 pin configurations, employing automated assembly and with detent latching, the new RAPC wave -soldering techniques, Switchcraft's Series reduces production and labor new right angle connectors mount costs. Optional snap -in housing pro- directly into the PC board with two self - tects connections and reduces PC board tapping screws, totally eliminating stress. All plastic housing also elim- costly hand -wiring. Flexible and ver- inates the possibility of ground loops. satile, these right angle connectors Save time, money and space. minimize height above the PC surface Switchcraft's got the angle you've been permitting greater PC board density. looking for. Escutcheons trim panel holes allowing the PC toard mounted connector to be For further information, fill in the coupon removed without unfastening it from below or call Randy Opela at the panel. (312) 792-2700. Please send me -samples of or literature about RAPC Series Connectors.

SWITCHCRAFTin. Name

Address 5555 N. Elston Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60630 (312) 792.2700 City State Zip

Phone

Circle (35) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 55 For the ENG By Carl Bentz, television editor tech

Since portable TV cameras madeposure to a large spotlight or the sun. Dual -channel capability and delayed history in 1968 at the national political Keep the camera clean. Dustis sweeps help in diagnosing problems. conventions, many changes have oc-highlyabrasivetotheintricate A digital voltmeter is invaluable for curred in camera designs. Integrated mechanics of a zoom lens. Dirt in the measuring critical voltage levels. The circuits and smaller pickup tubes oroptics may appear in focus at some input impedance of the meter should CCDs have reduced the size, weight pointsofthesystem.Toavoid be moderately high to avoid loading and power requirements. scratching lens elements and the color thecircuitbeing measured. High In spite of the changes and im- or neutral density filters, use a can ofmegohm impedances may not show provements, keeping the ENG/EFPcompressed air and a soft brush for realistic measurements on impedance camera operating at its best requires a cleaning. circuits of less than 551, however. In- logical maintenance plan. Unlike the Transport your equipmentina expensive VOMs often have low input studio camera, which lives in acon- traveling case. Protect your invest-impedances that give inaccurate cir- trolled environment, hand-held ment in the camera or recorder; spend cuit readings. Don't scrimp on ac- cameras are subjected to a variety ofa little more and get a case to trans- curate measurements. environments (hot, cold, wet, dry and portit.Printed circuits may have A vectorscope is required for ad- dirty conditions) and general abuse.eliminated much of the problems ofjusting encoder circuits for correct Without care, your camera and otherwired systems, but excessive vibration phases. A waveform monitor, instead ENG equipment may have a short life will still weaken solder points. of an oscilloscope, will simplify mak- span. However, with proper attention, ing many video level adjustments. your ENG units with serve you well. Test equipment A frequencycounter,goodto An organized maintenance program 10MHz, helps to check oscillator cir- General care for ENG equipment requires propercuits in the camera or recorder. An in- Keeping equipment operating at its tools. The most versatile tool is a trig- put sensitivity of 100mV or less is sug- peak is a never-ending job. Far too gested, with a display of six digits. For often the job is to fix something that other work in the station, a counting should never have failed. Usingcom- range including ENG microwave and mon sense while operating and main- STL assignments may be needed and taining the ENG units could actually should theoretically work for camera save a good deal of repair time later. or recorder use, too. Do not connect live power when the Both monochrome and color mon- camera power switch is on. Although itorshelpinpropersetupor it is not always detrimental, attaching maintenance by letting you see the a hot power cord can result in inter- results of adjustments. Underscan- mittent surges. If the camera is on ning and cross pulse displays are when power is connected, the surges valuablefeatures.Switchable time may destroy, or at least shorten, the constants can help solve recorder life of solid-state components. playback problems. Although manuals warn against An ac adapter or regulated dcsup- operating cameras in excessively hot, ply is essential. A fixed 12Vdc unit cold or wet environments, it seems with 2.5A to 3A rating is acceptable. that most newsworthy events occur On occasion, a variable supply, to only when such hostile circumstances simulate various battery conditions, are prevalent. Because winter's ice can help to check voltage regulator and snow, summer's heat and spring circuits. or autumn rains will continue to make A videotestgenerator with news, the most you can do is avoid Test equipment must giveaccuratemultiburst and other common signals unnecessary exposure of equipment readings. Scrimping on accuracy maymay prove helpful in checking circuit to extremes. result in problems developing without frequency responses. Although not In the extreme cold, heating the your knowing. always specified by the manual, the camera will put less stress on tubes generator will be helpful when dealing and lenses. In the heat, be aware of with ENG recorders. where yousetequipment down. geredoscilloscope. A good scope Finally, resolution, registration and Sometimes setting the camera on hot measures voltages, frequencies andgray scale test charts are a must. You pavement or artificial turf even for a pulse widths, and shows all simul-may also want linearity and depth of few minutes can subject the camera to taneously. The scope must be capablemodulationchartsforthe temperaturesthatexceed major safe of handling the fast pulse rise times ofmaintenance sessions. Two quartz- operating conditions. Such tempera- TV camera circuits with a verticalhalide lights of 500W rating and 3200 tures can also warp the camera's amplifier frequency response of atK color temperatures should suffice plastic housing. least 15MHz. for lighting the charts. Do not point an uncapped camera Because the scope may be used with directlyatastronglightsource. other pulse or digital circuitry around Tube troubles Although some tubes have high levels the station, a response of atleast No amount of care will prevent in- oftolerance,othersmay beir- 50MHz is best. Vertical channel sen-evitable tube failures. Aging degrades revocably damaged by a short ex- sitivity should be 10mV/div or better.performance. Optimum tube life can-

56 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Off J-

cicr Ecr_cc 111111111.1.y crrr BETEICICIEIME crrxr INN WM ; or El Model CS0-160E /4 Mocel CSP-I610/ 1 C,)ntrols Five or Ten Busses Con*rois Ter or Twenty Busses

CCCC

/Ea E ECEL; rCC Opop 111111111C CC rre 3 1:371711 Inn -11 Model CSP-1600/4 Model CSP-1616C/4 Controls One or Two Busses Full Matrix Controller and Diagnostic Panel

This new series of microprocessor -based 1600 possible source namas Eaci panel can panels has been designed by Utah Scientific be provided with a Program Select switch to meet the needs of the broadcast and tele- that doubles the number of controlled production industries for individual control pusses at no extra charge. of source selection on multiple switching Multi -bus panels provide instantaneous matrices (levels). statusinc, of all four levels each time a new Each panel includes four alphanumeric destination is identified. Instantaneous displays to indicate either current Status confirmation of chargeci slatus is also (steady display) or a Preset source selection provided each time a new Take Cornnand (Has -ling display) on each switching leve'. is entered. Ar alternate -action Clear button associated The model CS2-16160/4 panel is specially with each display plus an All Clear button programmed for maintenance/diagnostic permits toggling the displays between Preset duties as well as for full matrix cont-cl. It and Status modes. operates in eitner alphanumeric (source and The tcuchpad features sixteen group name destination names) or numeric (matrix input selections (beware of panels allowing for and output numbers') modes and can perform only ten) which, with either one or two various diagnostic routines to permit rapid numeral keystrokes, accommodates up to isolation of system faults.

(1_47 4.S71-1774/4 .SCIET7 77F7a 4" a DYNATECH company 1685 WEST 2200 SOUTH, SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH 841- 9 PHONE: (801) 973-6840 TOLL FREE: (800) 453-8782 TWX: 910-925-4037 Circle .37) on Reply Card not be achievedunlessoperating Bias lighting with PbO and SAT The green channel is usually the voltages are correct. tubes reduces lag. Lag, the inability toreference for adjustments to the red The target voltage of lead oxide respond to fast light level transitions,and blue channels, making it the most tubes should be set between 35Vdc causes picture smear, color fringingcritical of the three. Unless obvious and 45Vdc, referenced to the cathode. and measurable resolution loss. Aproblems exist in green, or the green A direct measurement between the sudden increase in those factors sug-tube has been replaced, the green two tube elements may not be possi- gests failure of the biasing lamp, oftenchannel should be leftalone. Un- ble. Your service manual will explain located in the tube socket. necessaryadjustmentscancause the correct measurement method. All tubes produce a dark currentmoreseriousalignmentproblems A low voltage may cause highlight output even with no light on thethan were originally present. trails to burn into the target. Pointing faceplate. Because the dark current is the camera at a flat, lighted white sur- a small amount (nanoamperes), the Using a logical attack facefor an extended period may beam may build up a negative charge Table 1 shows some steps to take in reduce the extent of such burns. The on the target, in effect desensitizing it. troubleshooting typical ENG cameras. chance of burns is increased as theBias lighting floods the target with aFollowing these procedures as well as lead oxide target voltage is reduced. low light level, increasing the darksteps in the maintenance section of Higher voltages may cause whitecurrent value and the sensitivity to your camera manual can speed adjust- spots to appear. Exceeding 50Vdc on rapid light transitions in the scene. ments and get the unit back into the the target drastically shortens tube life Filament and target voltages mustfield. and will void the warranty. So the be checked and set before you attempt Most service manuals have been preferred setting should be as low as to adjust the electrical and subsequentcarefully prepared and represent the possible for best image retention and mechanical focus and image size.preferred method of setup and adjust- sensitivity,while keeping above a Focus, beam alignment and frequencyment. Following the procedures close- 35Vdc minimum. response tests should be done beforely is by far the best approach in any Saticon tubes have varying target re- any registration procedures. maintenance situation. quirements from 50Vdc to 75Vdc, Signal levels in the color channels depending upon the tube number. must be correct before making ad- The ENG recorder Check the manual for the correctjustments on the encoder board. Set- Just as your camera needs periodic voltage in your camera. The tolerance ting a 1V p -p output signal shouldcare, so does your portable recorder. is small. A low voltage results in target follow checks to make sure that theThe signal path should be examined. deterioration;ahighvoltageRGB levels are applied to processing RF, equalization and signallevels significantly reduces tube life. circuits that drives the encoder. shouldbeperiodicallychecked. Assortedservosystemsarealso

FAILURE OF REPLACEMENT OF RESOLUTION criticalforproperrecording and COLOR IME TR Y PICKUP TUBE PROBLEM playback. Most problems will not oc- 1 cur in the electronics, however. CHECKING OF TARGET VOLTAGE Mechanical problems are common- elements and operator abuse. Because VCRs involve numerous moving parts,regularmaintenance and preventative (cleaning) procedures are ADJUSTMENT OF ELECTRIC FOCUS essential. Residue from the tape, for ADJUSTMENT OF example, is a major source of recorder ENCODER BALANCE problems. Oxide particles are con- ADJUSTMENT OF IMAGE SIZE AND stantly displaced from the tape sur- DEFLECTION SIZE face. As the tape moves through the mechanism, the particles desposit on the heads and tape guides. A buildup of particles on the guides

BEAM ALIGNMENT produces undesirable friction along OF TUBE the tape path. The result is uneven IAGING12 HOURS longitudinal motion of the tape path. The result is uneven longitudinal motion of the tape. If the buildup is bad enough, the tape may even be forced to move sideways from its designed path through the machine. Tracking on playback will be bad, and interchange with other machines may be ADJUSTMENT OF PRESET s BLACK AND BLACK BALANCE impossible. When a layer or residue on the head ADJUSTMENT OF holds the medium away from the head CONTOUR CORRECTION ADJUSTMENT OF ADJUSTMENT OF INPUT SIGNAL GAIN TEST SIGNAL gap, there may not be enough mag-

1 netic flux available to transfer the ADJUSTMENT OF GAMMA, signal into the oxide. The only remedy BLACK, ABL AND COLOR BALANCE is to clean the heads. There is no way ADJUSTMENT OF WHITE ADJUSTMENT OF I torecover a recording flawed by AUTOMATIC SHIFT ADJUSTMENT OF CLIP AND SLOP LIMIT DYNAMIC SHADING clogged heads, except by rerecording the information.

ADJUSTMENT OF ADJUSTMENT OF AUTO. Cleaning a recorder is the single AUTOMATIC IRIS MATIC WHITE AND BLACK mostimportantmaintenancepro- Table 1. Suggested camera adjustment procedures. cedure and should be performed dai-

58 Broadcast Engineering January 1985 Now you can change satellites the same way you change channels with the touch of a button

Our new motorized polar mount LED readout displays for our 5- and 7 -meter antennas lets antenna position broadcasters and cable system opera- Our rack -mounted control unit tors switch from one satellite to an- features an LED readout to display other at the touch of a button. the antenna position so you can confirm that you're where you ought to be Enhances pay -per -view at the time you're supposed to be capabilities there. And you can control the an- The polar mount's program- tenna locally, or remotely. mable position controllerlets you store up to 16 satellite positions, including presetable polarization. So ,41111111111111111. you can take advantage ofall the I 1 410 special programming that's becoming mit available on a pay -per -view basis. Our programmable position controller stores up to You can offer baseball one night, a A polar mount needs only to rotate about a single axis 16 sc'ellite positions. It can be controlled locally or championship fight the next, a block- to align itself with any satellite in the geosynchronousremotely, and has an LED display for the antenna buster Broadway show or movie the arc. Our polar mount is built to withstand 200 mph position. night after that.If a program you winds and is repeatable to within ± .1' want is up there, you can get it with The latest addition our system. That means more optionsSpans entire arc in 1.5 minutesto the Microdyne line for your viewers and more profits for It takes our polar mount just The motorized polar mount for you. 1.5 minutes to span the entire geosyn-our 5- and 7 -meter antennas joins the chronous arc. That's about 2 degreesline of polar mounts for our 10' and Operationally stable per second, so you can gc from Sat-12' antennas. It is the latest addition in winds up to 75 mph com 2R at 72° West to Satcom 5 atto our full line of satellite communica- Our motorized polar mount143° in lust 35.5 seconds. And withtions equipment for uplink and down- has been designed to keep a 7 -meteran accuracy of ± .1 degree. link in the C-, S-, and Ku -bands. For antenna operationally stable in winds more facts on how our polar mount up to 75 mph-even at Ku -band fre- car help expand your programming quencies where even a little move- options, call our Marketing Depart- ment can't be tolerated. And it is sur- ment at (904) 687-4633. Or write to us vival rated for winds up to 200 mph. at the address below. Microdyne Corporation

P.O. Box 7213 Ocala, FL 32672 (904) 687-4633 TVVX: 810-858-0307 Circle (36) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 59 ly. Use cotton swabs and denatured fatigue and failure. Normal wear will Just using a cassette leads to tension alcohol or special cleaning solutions. cause some bending of parts that will problems within the housing. Unless a Avoid scented rubbingalcohol, need correction, so avoid reshaping ofconstant tension is kept on the reels, which contains a high percentage ofthe parts more than is necessary. changes in packing occur. Improved water and may leave undesired resi- Keep a good supply of brake bandsdrive mechanisms try to correct for dues. Also avoid cleaning fluids thaton hand. Each time a recorder is inthe packing, but older VCRs do not. may soften plastics. Regularly cleanthe shop, look closely at the brakes. IfFar too often the machine has been all surfaces the tape contacts. they show excessive wear, and ifex- blamed for problems that a cassette Video heads require delicate care cessive flagging or time base error is caused. In fact, machines sometimes because of theirfragilestructure. apparent in the video, change thefall victims to the tape, when tension Cleaning swab motion should follow bands. errors and dirt result in mechanical the length of the video head with a bending of critical tape path parts. minimum of pressure. Motion across Videocassettes a head itself should be avoided. Videocassettes may be the most Delaying wear and tear The fibers of a cotton swab are small vulnerable item in the ENG system. Keeping the ENG equipment in top- enough to become caught in the head They can become troublesome if im-notch shape is a battle between nor- structure. The fibers are also strong properly handled. Progress has been mal wear and tear and operator abuse. enough that trying to dislodge them made in backings, binders and oxide A regular schedule of preventive pro- may crack the head, impairing per-formulations for tape materials, butcedures should be followed for each formance or requiring an expensive no solution has yet been found for thepart of the system. head replacement. Some manufac-abuse and stress the ENG conditions When appropriate,instructthe turers suggest chamois -based cleaning place on tape. operators on the proper handling of products for heads. The cassette housing provides somethe unit. Unfortunately, most ENG Proper tape tension is important forprotection to the tape. But once dirt operations allow little time to inspect successful recording and playback. hasingressedthehousing,itis equipment or conduct training. The manual will explain how tomeas- trapped. It may become embedded in When the chance occurs to check ure the tension at various points the material, causing dropouts. the equipment thoroughly, a logical along the path. Or, as a tape is used, embedded dirt series of steps should be taken to cor- Voltage controlled servo arefre- may be displaced into the machine rect problems, followed by a general quently used for tension control onmechanics, adding to abrasion and checkup of the entire unit. A diary of newer machines. Older models, how-wear. The fast pace of ENG as cas- problems, repairs and replacement ever, may depend upon mechanicalsettes may be tossed around in a re- dates for each unit in the ENG system methods. You may need to bend parts mote vehicle, dropped on the floor, is one way to keep track of equipment to get the right pull on a spring. Ex- then picked up and reused, makes dirt cessive bending does cause metal status, and will help keep each system an even worse culprit. on the road. *NH

Sure, it looks like theirs, but there's NO COMPARISON t s what's inside that counts. And inside our HPM-41 Microphone Mixer, you'll find the most extraordinary circuitry-the kind you would expect in a major recording console. In the two years we took to develop the HPM-41, we determined every small - format mixing need. And then we condensed them into a super rugged compact package. The results? Check the specs and compare. There's nothing quite like it. On that, you can be sure. Call or write RTS for detailed information.

RTS SYSTEMS, INC- PROFESSIONAL INTERCOMMUNICATIONS PROFESSIONAL AUDIO PRODUCTS 1100 WEST CHESTNUT STREET BURBANK, CA 91506 213/843-7022 TWX 910-498-4987 - TELEX 194855 S4qtMlS ACOMPACT VIDEO COMPANY

Circle (49) on Reply Card The purity of images attained from the absence of distortion or imperfections. Purity from using only premium magnetic materials and the most advanced production techniques. Purity resulting in a video tape of magnificent clarity. Ampex 196. AMPEX

4C1 1?..70251way, 7. c 4163, A15) 367-3809 Selecting Planningan ENG microwave ENG/EFP unit? By D. J. McCarthy, M/A-COM Microww.e Video Systems. Burlington. MA By Carl Bentz, television editor on this project, one difficult but important question must be answered. Microwave bands for broadcast So you're committed to remote pro- What is the intended use of the mobile auxiliary service in remote pickup ductions and need a remote vehicle. Ifunit? Strictly ENG? Limited produc- applications are the same as for it's your first unit, many questions fixed links. Three bands exist: tion,suchascommercialsand 2GHz-1990MHz to2110MHz need to be answered. If it's not your documentaries? Major productions, and 2450MHz to 2550MHz. first, the following provides a review such as sports events, made -for -TV 7GHz-6875MHz to7125MHz of topicsthat need considerationdrama, politics? How you plan to and 6450MHz to 6550MHz. before any checks are written. use the remote vehicle will make a dif- 13GHz-12,700M.Hz to The station has decided to prepare ference in the kind you choose. 13,250M Hz. for remote productions. The produc- Initial cost is a major factor. For a The 2GHz band has been pre- tion department already has big ideassimple ENG, the costs will be little dominant for ENG operation be- on what they want to do. Management above the expense of the equipment, cause of overallpath perform- wants the most for the dollars. Ac- ance, antenna design, transmitter including the van, a camera, a video powers and receiver selectivity. In counting wants to know how it will be recorder, cables, mics, batteries and comparison, the 7GHz spectrum paid for. Promotions is already dream- perhaps a microwave transmitter with presentspropagationprob- ing up a media blitz. And engineering an antenna on a telescoping mast. lems. Adverse path conditions, has to provide a functional remote You will need a 2 -way radio, for such as trees and other obstacles, production unit that will be easy tocommunication with the station,if as well as antennas with narrow operate, easy to maintain and finan-you plan live segments for the news. beamwidths, make pathalign- cially feasible. Convenient storage containers pro- ment more difficult.At 13GHz, vide protection for equipment. Space propagation becomes propor- Economic questions tionally moredifficultthanat should accommodate several passen- 7GHz. Before any real progress is possible gers,the microwave engineer, the

SET ni

TALLY GEN LOCK POWER S,

VIDEO LEVEL

The heart of the 632 Series image processing system, a 4:1:1, OFF Component -coded Frame Synchronizer

Harris Corporation, 1983 cameraoperator and the talent. communications, an attractively Increasing the capability to limited finishedinterior andallancilliary In selecting microwave for ENG, production adds to the cost. Severalitems easily carries a price tag of $3 other aspects should becon- cameras, a switcher, an audio mixer, million to $3.5 million. sidered, including what band is in one or two VTRs, picture and signal service for studio -transmitter -link Build it or buy it? and inter -city relay operation in monitoring and a character generator the area; how far from the station are realistic plans for a limited pro- If the costs seem high, perhaps you plan to go with your remote duction vehicle. The primary purposebuilding a system is more realistic. system; what STLIICR activity is is to get material on tape, then returnCertainly an ENG van would not be present in the proposed remote to the studio to edit and add effects.difficult to assemble. The microwave region; and what mode of opera- Time base correction and a still -storeoperates off a secondary battery that tionisexpected,i.e.,ENG or would be desirable. is kept charged by the operating vehi- planned EFP. The initial cost of a basic customcle. Padded storage containers can be Mutual interference with other turnkey system in a super -van con-built in the scene shop. Insulation and users of shared frequency bands air conditioning should be included. may be expected. Inparticular, figurationmightrange between channels 8, 9 and 10 of the 2GHz $100,000 and $250,000, ifitis con- For a limited production unit, the band could exhibit interference tracted to one of the remote vehiclestation staff could design, engineer from microwave ovens, industrial manufacturers. and assemble a functional system. But heating sytems and medical dia- A step -vanor straight truck con-the custom system should include ex- thermy installations. In the por- figuration increases space. The price tra frame members for a sturdier vehi- tionof the 7GHz band, from range also increases, to $200,000 to cle,insulation,attractivefinishing 6450MHz to 6550MHz, sharing is $300,000, depending upon featuresand air conditioning to handle the coordinated with common carrier and equipment specifications. heat rise of the equipment and opera- users. Broadcasters should real- tions personnel. izethatifinterferenceisen- The 40 -foot semi -van system con- countered in these regions, the tains a production unit that equals, ENG microwave equipment and FCC cannot take action toal- perhapssurpasses, many in-house2 -way radio may be includedas leviate the problems. productionstudios.Atleastsix well, along witha power generator cameras, multiple recorders, digital system capable of operating the entire effects, a still -store and video switcher production system. It takes time to fullfillthe major requirements. Andesign and construct such a vehicle. This information is extracted from material audio mixer and recorders, completeExpertise in systems design, mechan- provided by McCarthy for the 7th edition of the NAB Engineering Handbook. with necessary monitoring, cabling,ical engineering and environmental

If you'reaDecision Maker, here'san easy one:

REQUIREMENTS YOU COULD PAY HARRIS 632 $ 9,000 Included Digital noise reduction ,. Digital keying 7,500 Picture compression /position 18,000 f f Frame synchronization 12,000 " Time base correction 10,000 ,, Remote control 5,000 f 9 $61,500 $27,990

OK, what will it take to get the job done? So, if you're trying to get a job done and stay The Harris 632 Series image processing system. within a budget, thecomponent -coded632 Or NTSC) With RGB in and out, it gives you a combination of or 631(forPAL) may just be the right answer. signal processing capabilites and features that will add Try a 632. Then try to be without it. versatility to your studio, and imagination to your For information contact: Harris Studio Division, productions-at less than half what you could spend onVideo Systems Operation, 1255 E. Argues Avenue, separate pieces of equipment. Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-2100 Telex 4992172

Circle (39) on Reply Card control are also essential, if the remote noon baseball game or the belowthe road constantly. The cost is in a truckisto be reliable. Are thesefreezing football game. range that can be reasonably amort- talents and the time available from the Air conditioning designed for theized according to the station's finan- station engineering staff? planned equipment and personnel cialplan.If you need ENG, then The station could also eventuallyload is built in. The electronic prod-ownership is practical. complete a 40 -foot van system. But ucts, as you specify, will be installed, The question of ownership of a again, the custom, turnkey vehicle cabled and tested for 100% operation limited production vehicles is not as will start from a basic chassis. Thebefore you take possession. In short, easily answered. If microwave equip- structural framework will include exit'sa major production studio on ment is included in the package, it can trabracingandheliarcweldswheels, delivered to you ready to double for ENG. If a heavy schedule of throughout. Separated compartments drive. commercial production is likely, mak- for audio, video, technical, transmis- ing the payments will be easier. sion and production areas can be Own or lease? If the equipment package is inviting acousticallyisolatedfrom one How much do you expect this re-to other users, leasing it will help you another.Allwill be thermallyin- mote system to be in use? If it's a sim- pay for it. But, if the plan is limited sulated for the long, hot summer after- ple ENG system, it will probably be on production and on a limited basis, with no other expected use, ownership might present an undesirable financial burden. Look into leasing. If your eyes are on the 40 -foot system, maintain a heavy production Standard schedule. Supporting a large produc- ABC drivers Setter are in the big leagues The ABC Sports presentations are dependent upon a fleet of 18 tractor -drawnproductionvans. Each of the model 362 Peterbilt tractorsisover -maintained, ad- mits Tom Ferranti, fleet manager, the annual expense totaling about $200,000 for the fleet. PeterbiltisFerranti's choice The Standard -Setting Telephone Interface based on cost and reliability. His own maintenance program gives (Modestly Improved) him an edge on Murphy's Law fail- It's no secret. Studer has become the acknowledged leader in high quality ures. Each of the tractors, capable telephone interfacing equipment. The Studer Telephone Hybrid- already se- of pulling an 80,000 -pound load, lected by hundreds of U.S. broadcasters, including all three major networks- easily handles the 68,000 -pound has been praised for its straightforward design, long-term reliability, and con- production vans. Drivers are an important part of sistently outstanding performance. theoperation,Ferrantisays. At the heart of the Studer Telephone Hybrid is an auto -balancing hybrid "There are thousands of drivers in circuit which automatically matches phone line impedance while isolating the world," he says, "but there are send and receive signals for maximum sidetone attenuation. A built-in limiter only a few professionals." prevents sudden overloads, and bandpass filters shape the voice signals for Before he will even bring an ap- optimum clarity and system protection. The new updated Studer Hybrid in- plicant into his office for an inter- cludes additional noise suppression circuitry to eliminate unwanted noise view, he requires proof of 250,000 and crosstalk while still preserving true 2 -way hybrid operation. miles driving experience through all four seasons and perferably in Now the Studer Telephone Hybrid is also available as part of a complete all areas of the country. The in- Telephone System. Designed to operate independent of the studio console, dividual's driving record must be the self-contained Telephone System includes a microphone input plus a spotless. palm -sized remote module (on a 30' cable) with VU meter for line level, The driver will be responsible headphone output, and level controls for microphone, headphone, and tele- for a $4 million rig, but failure to phone receive. arrive at the specified location at The time -tested Studer interfaces. Improved for even better performance. the scheduled time could cost the Expanded for more flexible operation. And built to set the quality standard network organization even more. for years to come. Call today for the location of your nearest Studer dealer. Forthatreason,ability,ap- titude and attitude are extremely important. Once hired, the driver STUDER iswellpaid.Ferranti does not solicit new people through news- Studer Revox America paper advertisements, but prefers 1425 Elm Hill Pike Nashville, TN 37210 (615) 254-5651 to work through word-of-mouth with his current staff.

Circle (40) on Reply Card Continued on page 68

64 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Sentry 1COEL with on -board amplifier

Finally, a Monitor System with the Power to Make Things Easy Imagine a monitor speaker that provides and reduces potential interconnect its own power. Fits in tight spaces. problems. And there's no possibility of Simplifies setup. And reproduces sound power loss caused by resistance from a with test -equipment accuracy. lengthy speaker cable. If you can imagine all that, you've The on -board amplifier in the 100EL just pictured the Sentry JOCEL powered makes it ideal for single -channel monitor system from Electro-Voice. monitoring. Why buy one speaker and Designed and created for your an extra amplifier channel, when the monitoring convenience, the 100EL Sentry 100EL does the job all by combines the superb audio reproduction itself? And because amplifier power is of the Sentry 100A with an perfectly matched to the speaker integral, 50 -watt amplifier. system, there's no chance of damage With speaker and from inadvertent signal overload. amplifier in one compact, But convenience and trouble -free rack -mountable package, this operation are only part of the package. monitor system solves prob- Like all Sentry designs, the 100EL lems like limited rack space, offers uncompromised accuracy. So you equipment transport on can be certain of quality sound. remotes or cramped spaces in The Sentry 100EL - with the power video editing booths. to make your job easier. For more Also, by requiring information, write Greg Silsby at less hardware-fewer cables and Electro-Voice, Inc., 600 Cecil Street, connectors-the 100EL keeps setup simple Buchanan, MI 49107. Elecfrol/oice® SOUND IN ACTION "= Circle 4414 on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 65 SONY PRESENTS THE MOST ADVANCED FIELD/STUDIO CAMERA UNAVAILABLE TODAY INTRODUCING THE 25mm image formats. And vastly SONY BVP-360. ON MAY 1,1985,superior to any current 2/3" THE REMARKABLE Field/Studio camera at any price. BECOMES AVAILABLE. And, naturally, when you When we previewed this combine these factors with the camera at NAB, the response wasextensive signal processing tremendous. Which, considering technology Sony has engineered Sony's considerable reputation into the BVP-360, you get specs for high performance broad- which could only be described as cast portables, wouldn't normallyspectacular. seem so surprising. Except for A SUPERHUMAN FEAT one detail. OF HUMAN ENGINEERING. The BVP-360 isn't a broad- Many of the experts who BVP-360 Remote Control Panels: (left to right) a were able to get their hands on flexible Field unit, a highly sophisticated Creative cast portable. (Although at 50 Production panel and a simple Studio unit. pounds it's certainly the most por-the camera at NAB were even table camera in its class.) more impressed by how it per- camera head able to transmit What the BVP-360 repre- forms from a human standpoint. component signals via Triax or sents, however, is the culmination Some were moved to com- Multicore. Or function as a of Sony's work in tube technology,ment by how easy the BVP-360 is stand-alone camera. in innovative mechanical design to move around. Its smoothly Then, on the technical front, and in High Definition Video integrated handles. Low weight. alignments are handled at the Systems. A highly sophisticated, The highly maneuverable view- Camera Control Unit. With each automated camera that promises finder. And the shortest lens - camera able to be tweaked indi- to usher in a new era in price/per-front -to -viewfinder distance in vidually. Or addressed as part formance for cameras in the Field/the industry. of up to an eight -camera chain Studio category. Others cited the linked 10 one Master Setup Unit. uniquely pragmatic approach And finally, on the opera- to automation. An ap- tional front, all control during proach that concentrates production may be directed from the camera's considerable one of three types of Remote microprocessor -based intelli- Control Panels-a simple Studio Sony -developed 2/3 -inch Mixed Field Saticon. gence on the most difficult setup model, a flexible Field unit, (Plumbicon" tubes also available.) operations; functions such as or a highly evolved Creative THE 2/3 -INCH IMAGE digital registration, B/W balance.panel with extensive memoryand FORMAT COMES OF AGE. flare and gamma. scene -painting facilities. For those of you unable to And still others referred to ADOPT A get through the crowds for a closethe BVP-360's extensive camera WAIT -AND -SEE ATTITUDE. look at the BVP-360, there are head memory, which can store Of course, as we said at the two explanations for the excep- up to sixty-four scene files, eight outset, the BVP-360 isn't ready tional image quality you saw on setup files, sixteen lens files and for delivery tomorrow. But that the monitors overhead. three reference files. doesn't mean you have to wait First, the BVP-360 employs Plus the advantages of being until May to see it. There are the remarkable, Sony -developed able to choose from three remote units here right now for demon- 2/3" Mixed Field* tubes. The first operational panels. strations and evaluations. real challenge to big tube per- NOT JUST A CAMERA, And of course, formance. Because they deliver A CAMERA SYSTEM. by the time you're twice the registration and geo- But perhaps the most finished testing it, metric accuracy of conventional striking raving about it 2/3" tubes. Plus greater depth aspect of - and getting a budget of modulation. And thanks to the BVP- for it (although the special Sony -developed FET 360 is its that last part may go that is built into the tube and "building faster than you're yoke, an extraordinary signal-to- block" de- used to thanks to the noise ratio. (MF PlumbiconTM or sign concept. BVP-360's incredi- MF SaticonTM tubes are available.) An arrangement ble price/performance), Secondly, the Sony BVP-360 that makes it particularly it won't be tomor- is equipped with a breakthrough easy to customize the cam- row. It'll be closer F1.2 prism design that single- era for various production to May 1. handedly results in sensitivity andsituations. SONY depth -of -field comparable with It starts with a Broadcast Sony Mixed Field tubes use electrostatic deflection and magnetic focus. ©1984 Sony Corp. of America. Sony is a registered trademark of Sony Corp. Sony Broadcast Products Company, 1600 Queen Anne Rd.. Teaneck. NJ 07666. Continued from page 64 The question' is, then, can your areaucts, is based upon the equipment and your proposed segment of theitems needed. Averagingatabout tion vehicle outside a major market remote production business support$600 per day per equipment item (still- could be difficult, unless you can con-ownershipofalargeproduction stores may run slightly more), the sug- tract for a great deal of sports, made -truck? Status- doesn't pay the bills, so gested lease price, based on a 10 -hour for -TV programming, big -name com- perhaps the practical solution is today for a 7 -camera system, comes mercials, etc. lease when the equipment is needed, ifto about $13,000. The amount may Not only are you looking at the in-you can get on the schedule in time to vary with geographic region, season itial cost of the trailer unit and itshave the system when you need it. and availability. maintenance, you are also dealing Leasing large production vehicles, That includes three VTRs with slow with operating personnel, a tractor toequipped with top -of -the -line prod-motion capability, a character gen- tow it from location to location, tractor maintenance and tractor operating costs. romva Asecond approach tovannnian.- At present, you can expect to pay stallation is shown in Figure 6. In from $60,000 to $75,000 for a cab -over this format, the transmitter is ex- semi -tractor with sleeper berth, an to station pected to be dedicated to the van, essential item for long trips. As usual, with only rare use as a separate cost is determined by features of the system. tractor, but for long trips, drivers will Transmittersystemsforthe Control and composite base - appreciate the added comforts of the 2GHz ENG service take a number bandinformationarerouted of approaches, all aimed at pro- through separate conductors from higher priced unit. viding the maximum 12W allowed the control head inputs to the Alternatively, a good used tractor by the FCC at the antenna input. transmitter/antennaunitatthe will run from $30,000 to $45,000. In Figure 5 shows a typical con- top of the mast. Little RF cabling either case, diesel fuel costs should be figuration,whenallowedfull is needed in this situation. based on mileage rates of 4.2mpg to power to the antenna on the van Ineitherformat,allbasic 6mpg. Fuel tanks with a 200 -gallon mast. transmitterortransmitter/ capacity are standard. And as an Inthisconfiguration,tie amplifier systems cover the stan- owner, you are liable for taxes, licens- transmitter may easily be removed dard seven channels of the 2GMz ing and driver payroll. Leasing the from the van for use with a sep- hand along with the offsets (at arate roof -mounted antenna for a 1/2 -channel frequency up or down). tractor might run around $116 per more direct shot to the receive Operation is typical from + 12Vdc day on an occasional use basis. For site.In this type of installation, automotive batteries and may be long-term tractor leases,negotiable either a coiled or retractable RF extended to 30Vdc systems as rates are available, which also include cable is used to transfer the sigral well as 115Vac. taxes, repairs and licensing.

There are 3 reasons John Crowe Productions came to Shook. 1, They needed a fast delivery 2, They demanded "Our savings from Shook were substantial...(they) watched our pennies as if they were (their) own." Network quality and John Crowe, John Crowe Productions WE STAYED IN THEIRBUDGET WE MAKE 'EM ALL SIZES Shook feels the most important thing Size is a matter of need,, and choice. about custom crafting mobile facilities Shook manufactures mobiles that range is to deliver quality...and stay within the from ENG Vans up to 45 foot network budget. That's probably why we're the production trailers. Shook fastest growing television production vehicles are custom built to meet your exact vehicle manufacturer in the southwest. requirements. Don't let all those little plush extras like ready for your trim and surprise storage areas fool equipment you when you look into a Shook van- or turn -key, with your choice they may look like deluxe features but of equipment. they're standard items with no hidden cost. We guarantee our product to have the quality you expect and that's ELECTRONIC ENTERPRISES, INC why Shook mobiles serve the industry 311100K-030 Topper Parkway San Antonio, Texas 78233(512) 653-6761 nationwide. Circle (42) on Reply Card

68 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985

11 ...... ------: .

,$ . _r Yit its a 1.ar-41- =Jr -, a dilLOMZILO."- VIM M1516A

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FREQUENCY RESPONSE +0, -3dB, 20Hz to 20kHz; +0, -0.5dB, 30Hzto 15kHz. I U1AL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD)* Less than 0.5% @+ 10dB, 20Hz to 20kHz. Less than 0.1% a+ 20dB, 50Hz to 20kHz. HUM AND NOISE* (20Hz to 20kHz, 150Qsource, Input Selector set at "-60") - 128dBm Equivalent Input Noise (EIN); - 95dB residual output noise with all Faders down. - 73dB PROGRAM OUT (77c113 S/N); Master Fader at nominal level & all Input Faders down. - 64dB PROGRAM OUT (68dB S/N); Master Fader and one Input Fader at nominal level. - 73dB MATRIX OUT; Matrix Mix and Master controls at maximum, one PGM Master Fader at nominal level, and all Input Faders down. - 64dB MATRIX OUT (68dB S/N); Matrix Mix and Master controls at maximum, one PGM Master Fader andone Input Fader at nominal level. - 70dB FB or ECHO OUT; Master level control at nominal level and all FB or ECHO mix controls at minimum level. (Pre/Post Sw. @ PRE.) - 64dB FB or ECHO OUT (68dB S/N); Master level control and one FB or ECHO mix control at nominal level. (Pre/Post Sw. @ PRE.) MAXIMUM VOLTAGE GAIN (Input Selectors set at "-60" where applicable) PROGRAM & MATRIX 84dB; Channel In to the correspondingoutput. EFFECTS 20dB; Effects In to PGM Out. FB & ECHO 94dB; Channel In to FB/ECHO Out. SUB IN 10dB; Sub In to PGM Out. EQUALIZATION ( ±15dB maximum) LOW: 50, 100, 200, 350, 500Hz, shelving. HIGH MID: 1.2, 2, 3.5, 5.7kHz, peaking. LOW MID: 250, 350, 500, 700, 1000Hz, peaking. HIGH: 10kHz, shelving. HIGH PASS FILTER 18dB/octave rolloff below 80Hz. PHANTOM POWER For remote powering of condenser microphones, +40V DCcan be switched on via a rear panel Master phantom power switch. When an individual Input Phantom switch is also On,voltage is applied to pins 2 and 3 of that input's balanced XLR connector. DIMENSIONS/WEIGHT M1516A 34" W x 361/2" Dx 141/2" H 147 lbs.M1524 553/4" W x 363/4" D x14 1/2" H 213 lbs. M1532 553/4" W x 363/4" D x14 1/2" H 231 lbs. *Measured with a 6dB/ octave filter eP12.47kHz; equivalent to a 20kHz filter with infinite dB/octave attenuation.

The specs shown are for the 16 -channel M1516A console. Whenyou need the same outstanding performance butmore channels, there's the 24 -channel M1524 and the 32 -channel M1532. All three mixers have remote rack -mountedpower supplies and are ideal for just about any fixed or portable sound reinforcement or broadcast application. Of course, all three M1500 consoles have legendary Yamaha quality,reliability and craftsmanship. Which explains whyyou see Yamaha mixers wherever you look. Studios. Concert halls. Clubs. Theatres. Churches. We couldgo on, but you get the message. For more information, write: Yamaha International Corporation, ComboProducts Division, P.O. Box 6600, Buena Park, CA 90622. In Canada, Yamaha CanadaMusic Ltd., 135 Milner Ave., Scarborough, Ont. M1S 3R1.

YAMAHA 70 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Circle (43) on Reply Card erator, digital video effects unit, still -and reel-to-reel audiorecording and a for operating the semi -tractor system. store, a 24 -input video switcher with complete assortment of cables, head- threemix/effectsamps,routingphones and intercom systems. A por- Building your own switching, a 32 -input audio produc-tion of the $13,000 also covers the Other things must be considered in tion console with cartridge, cassette crew of 18 to 20 technicians neededputting a truck together. Obviously

clude any alternates in case sta4f helicopter or any other ancilliary members cannot makethey r units. Instructions and cues for The book assignments. operators on these extra units Equipment requirements. A should be clearly mapped out. List of plans "grocery list"of the necessary any special requirements or re- The Summer Olympics played pieces of equipment for the pro- strictions that the pilot should to a record audience of 5.7 million ductionlists the source of the know about. people. But they were only a small units, any special contacts at that Who is where? At all times there fraction of the U.S. TV audience of source and backup arrangements should be a clear understanding more than 180 million and an es- in case of fai ure. of where allpersonnel are ex- timated global TV audience of 2.5 Camera positioning. A chart in- pected. Any changes in operating billion. dicates the placement of all cam- locations should be spelled out For the domestic and interna- era and camera -related products. with expected transit times noted. tional TV audience, ABC left no Locating cameras for the Olym- Food. Thisisperhaps an stone unturnedtobringevery pics was more complex than for unusual item to include in a plan- detail to home screens. It was, as the average production, but the ning manual. Include any catering ABC billed it, "the greatest show concept is the same. plans. in the history of television," and it Transmission plans. Particular- Transportationlaccommoda took hundreds of color TV cam- ly for the live remote, or when ary tions. Depending upon the duration eras and mountains of support involvement with the studio is re- and location of the production, equipment tocoverit.ABC quired,linkswiththestudio transportation and arrangements calculated that it had 238 cameras should be noted. If microwave is for accommodations should be in- in service, including 102 studio/ used, note primary frequencies dicatedhrall personnel. fieldunitsand136hand-held and equipment to be used. If sec- The operations manual will not types. ondary units and channels are make for a perfect shoot, butit Few ofthe events thatthe available,they should also be will reduce many of the possible average engineer works on will listed. This would also be a good complications thatresult when dare to rival the complexity of the place to note the interconnection one person thinks someone else is Summer Games. However, many to the network (uplink location, handling an assignment. From of the steps needed for an award - satellite and transponder), when this plan of attack, you can also winning production such as the live feeds via satellite are planned. perfect future productions. With Olympics may be followed. Communications. All operators thewrittentableofcontents, The key to competent and effi- and engineers involved in the pro- review the production after the ac- cient coverage is planning. This duction should have an tual event and make notes planning may culminate inthe method of communicating with particular problems. If you think of form of an operations manual. other locations. Headset units on the award -winning coverage of the Whether a complete manual with walkie talkies with vox would be Olympics as a model, you can see detailed table of contents or a desirable for any operators whose that thorough planning can help single sheet of paper with the plan hands will be busy. even the smallest production go ofaction,certainpreparations Special facilities. Include the more smoothly. should be made before attempting to cover an event. At least 10 areas of consideration should be includedin the overall plan, according to Gordon Mehlman, engineer -in -chargeof remote productionsat WGBH, Boston. Although there can be others,preparingfor these 10 should reduce the number of last- minute surprises and contribute to a smooth and efficient shoot. The areas are: Scheduleorder,timing.The schedule indicates dates of the event, including setup and tear - downoftheproduction. Pre- paratorymeetings associated with the event should be included. Program order listsall planned segments from the opening video to the end of closing credits. For prepared"rehearsed"programming, timings allotted for each segment will keep the event on schedule. Contact list. A comprehensive list of personnel, with their phone Thorough planning of camera locations and personnel assignments contribute to numbers (at home and at work) a smooth, efficient shoot. At the Olympics, camera operators throughoutthe Los lets everyone know who's working Angeles Coliseum had specifically outlined duties. the production. It should also in-

January 1985Broadcast Engineering 71 The whole show YOUR WORL builds to a series of quick cuts. But building those cuts isn'ta quick process. So you take it back and forth ...frame by frame...over andover. Through endless passes -and endless points of view. But in the end, whatyou really have to trust are your owneyes. And your instincts. And your tape.

Photographed at CA Teletronics, New York City. © 1984 3M Co. Scotchis a registered trademark of We know you need a videotape that can take the punishment of relentless editing. So we've taken the number one 1-nch tape in the world -our own Scotch' 479 -and topped it. With SCOTCH 480 -dB LOSSScotch 480. Wkh the same excellent electromagnetics as 479. The same superior dropout performance.And the same laser -tested consistency. But with 480, we've made a tape that'sstill more rugged -capable of retaining original picture quality even after 1000 edit NUMBER OF PASSES passes from the same pre-rc.11 point. With less than11/2 dB loss. Without stiction. And with the backing of tch engineers just a call away. Scotch 479 and of the tapes that make us ..number one world of the pro.

Circle .4411ca Reply Carc kept antennas aimed for the best secured by parachute -type From receptionfromtheremote harnessestoairplaneswith cameras. pontoon -type landing gear, sent A large amount of WGBH's suc- aerial coverage back to the pro- camera cessful production came from ex- duction van via microwave. tensive planning,includingfre- Coordination with other Dayton to van quency coordination with other TV stations that covered the event Boston stations. Equipment and avoided interference between the frequency allocations were loaned stations, but WHIO battled other Getting camera signals from in- by WBZ-TV14, WCVB-TV5, WNEV- RF sources throughout much of accessible locations back to the TV7 and WLVI-TV56. itstelecast.Rerouting of com- mobile production switcher often With only seven 2GHz channels munications paths eased much of involvessmallmicrowavesys- allotted forall the Boston sta- the interference, but the abun- tems. Roving cameras at sports tions, it was important that no ore dance of radio communications events are another application for transmitted unauthorized signals needed for the air show was a radio linking. In the remote vehi- from the concert site. Figure 4 culprit. Adding to the rest were cle, frame synchronizers process shows how the links were used for radar installations, which injected the camera signals to allow fades the nationally broadcast produc- their own peculiar pulse -type of and effects with the camera. In tion. Such a drawing is a valuable signal. most cases, the system works partof the operations manual Careful site planning must con- well;inothers,problems may prepared for any remote telecast. siderradiolinksspecifically cause picture impairments. In covering the International Air needed for the production. The For WGBH-TV2, Boston, micro- Show, WHIO-TV7, Dayton, OH, survey of the site must also deter- wave worked well during the an- made extensive use of microwave mine any other type of RF sources nual 4th of July Boston Pops con- for a 5 -hour live event coverage. in the area that serve non -broad- cert,broadcast on PBS. Shots Remote cameras provide different cast segments of the event. Check from a helicopter, a boat and the viewpoints from aboard aheli- with other aspects of the overall roof of the Prudential Building copterandfromtworoving production. Perhaps additional RF added dimension to the live pro- operators. usage will require coordination as gram, thanks to technicians who Inaddition,two operators, well. 10 WY V - MAIN 41Xoci-rir seoSol.. --: BRIDGE .40 0 =1 4111111111111 IIMIAMMIMATIOSI "0\ g -/kashrovilwrvii, Boncen Put I

S 40*. 2GHz Microwave Requirements A Hatch shell, truck location Channel 3 truck to PTU B Boat camera Channel 5 boat to truck C Helicopter camera Channel 6 helicopter to PRU _.....,7.:_:,. D Prudential Center , Channel 3 PRU to truck o_.,..ek--i, Channel 5 PRU to WGBH studios ..,,.c... , E WGBH studio .,vim. 12GHz STL to transmitter and uplink site '' TP, 0tV0! 00 c Si 0, Ac Salk iXotsrI igiv'y A Figure 1. The microwave requirements for WGBH's broadcast of the Boston Pops 4th of July concert.

1 he TV equipmentisrequired.If throughout the unit. Locationofentrances/exitsto you're acquainted with specifying a Specifying air conditioning loading, separatedorconnectedcompart- production sytem, gathering equip-based on 20A/rack equipment dis-ments within the system. ment is the easier part of the mobilesipation and750Wper person for the Operator seating plans. unitproject.Cameras,recorders,crew. Selecting interior finishing. audio, effects, routing and ancilliaries Designing air flow. Ifspecifyingamobilevehicle like sync generation, signal distribu- Planninginputpowerar- sounds like a big job, be assured that it tionandinterconnectionpanelsrangements,transformers,voltage is. And for that reason, the majority of would be standard items that you'd ex-regulatorsand/orportable power systems larger than simple ENG units, pect for an indoor studio. generators. for individual stations and for the net- The real difficulty for most people Selection and placement of thermalworks, are usually custom projects, in designing a production truck willand acoustic insulating materials. with delivery from one to six months, involve: Planningthearrangementof dependinguponcomplexity. Getting rigidity into the chassis andstorageareas,includingmaterials Delivered to you in a completely oper- structural framework. used for belly boxes under the main Planning power distribution ating condition, the turnkey system trailer or truck bed. makes good sense. I :r:)))11

74Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 IN TH@ BA1TLE OF THE ROUTING SWITCHERS, TH E'S A NEW HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMPION.

3M Feensieh Grass Grass Utah Series H 7V 3-7AS Valley Valley Scientific 128 x 32 ';003 GL 440 Horizon AVS-1 VIDEO Crosstalk Video to Jideo -65/4.43 60 443 60 5 -60/5.5 6/4.4 Hum & Noise (0-4.2 rnHz) 7f. 65 75 -75 ...._ (IRE WEIGHTING) --82 75

1 1 Frequency Response (dB to mHz) ±..1/5.5 1 `-.. 5 5 - 5 , 1 5 .__.1,

Diff Gain (10-90%r 3 58 .1% .25 1

Diff Phase .1° 1 25° 12° AUDIO Crosstalk (dB/kHz) Audio to Audio 88/20 5 80/15 -80/15 -75/20 Hum & Noise (dB below out )r FILTER 122/15k 109,6 -92/15k -104/15k-109/15k

1 Freq Resp r. Max Out :dB dBm) 30 2 24 ±.1/24 ±.1/24 Over Freq Range 20-20k 3)-15k 20-20k 30-15k 30-15k Corn Mode Rej Ratio (dB) 80 75 80 -65 -70

"D.it.i not available Data based on manufacturers spealocation as of 4/83.

Compare .3urSertes H Hybrid Switching Systems 1-6C)-792-1072 Outside the continental U S, call to the 13ompetitort and the advantages are easy to see. International Operations collec- at 1-612-736-2E49. If mud like totompare a few more specs. call us toll- You'll be knocked out by all our advantages free a: 1-80C-32$-1684 In Minnesotatcali toll -free Broadcast and Related Prod.icts Division. t'.'. ....-s 3M hears you... Rapid response with live ENG

By John Getz, WPXI/TV-11,Pittsburgh The first live truck that I worked out of was a disaster when it came to setting up for a live shot. Everything was scattered throughout the truck. One IFB radio was kept WPXI camera operator Tony Mock prepares his camera for a live shot from the sta- in the glove box, another under the tion's helicopter. seat.Theearpieceswereusually wrapped around the rear view mirror, but the needed adapter cable could be anywhere. The tripod was secured behind the sparetire,with bungi cords and tie wraps. A quick release camera bracket was quick only if you had the right size wrench. And the talent's air monitor required ac power. At the station, "live" required re- patching, lots of talk on the 2 -way radio to set up, and general confusion among allparties involved. And I won't even mention what happened when the event required a 13GHz link. There had to be a better way to do live remotes. Over time, a fine-tuned, streamlined system has emerged. The truck A live truck needs to be easy to work out of. There should be no hidden switches or patches. What you see on the monitor and hear in the speaker is what should be going to the transmitter, scope and VTR. Everything in the truck always needs to be stored in its proper place. When you design your next live truck, ask the people who will be using the truck what they don't like about the old unit. Try to correct those The author checks a live shot signal with the news department's ENG control room. problems in the new unit. Simple things, such as the convenient place-padded suitcase contains everythingond person starts pumping air into ment of the 2 -way radio mic, can be a needed for the camera end of a livethe mast, and while the mast is going big help. shot: portable radio, IFBs, earpieces,up, he takes the remote box and the The remote box battery -operated TV receiver,mics end of the siamese audio/video cable One of the simplest improvements is and batteries. to the camera location. the addition of the remote box. This When you set up for the live opera- At this point, everything for the live tion, one person unloads the camera,coverage of the event should be in Getz is senior technician of WPXI's news department. tripod and lights as needed. The sec-place. The camera operator makes the

76 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Greater Reach, Lighter Weight The Incredible Canon JIB x IE The Canon J18 x 9 EIE lens greatly increases tie Equip your cameras with the iicredible Canon capability of portable cameras. It gives you an 18X reach, J18x 9 BE. It gives you mcre. And it's available row! then gives you even more-up to 36X with its KEY SPECI=ICATIONS: extender. Yet, It's lighter la weight, and easy to hancle. Focal Length: 9-162mm, 18-324mm w/2X extender Max Relative Aperture: 1:1.7 (3-116mm), 1:2.4 at 162mm It has greater sensitivity for low -light situations, main- Angular F eld of View: 52.1° x 40-3° at 9mm, 3.1° x 2.3° at 162mm taining an f1.7 relative aperture through 116mm. It Gives Minimum Object Distance: 0.9 meter (2.9 feet) you tighter close-ups, and story -telling wide -angles Weight1 7kg. (3.7 Ibs)

GREAT FOR GREAT FOR NEWS! SPORTS! The most ler s you can Cover the whole field, put on an ENG camera. zoom in with an 18X 18X reach brings the reach. 2X extender for story up close-super in 324mm super long shots! low -light situa ions, tool

Optics Division Canon USA. Inc.. Hsad Office One Canon Flaza. Lake Success. N.Y 11042 (516) 488-6700 Dallas Office: 2035 Royal Lane. Suite 290. Dallas. Texas 75229 (214) 620-264 Chicago Office: 140 Industrial Drive. Elmhurst. III 60125 (312) 833-3070 West Coast Office: -23 Paulanno Avenue East. Costa Mesa, Ca. 92626 (714.979-6000 Canon Canada. Inc . 6390 Dixie Road. Missssauga. Ontario L5T1P7, Canada (416) 678-2730 Canon 1994 Canon U S A Inc Circle (47) on Reply Card connections,whilethetechnicianthe receiving antenna. A fast way to Portable transmitter returns to the truck to send the signalpan in the link is to have the receive If the shot requires a relay,itis back to the station. site operator key the mic on the 2 -way necessary to set up a portable trans- radio, holding the mic next to themitter at the scene. The padded suit- Setting up the signal microwave receiver audio speaker.case concept also works well for this When the ENG truck pulls onto theStarting with tone applied to the linkequipment. Include batteries, cables scene,itshould be parked so thetransmitter, get the general directionand other special equipment with the microwave antennaispointing to-set. Once the link is established, killtransmitter. Having allthe needed ward the receiving site. There's littlethe tone and tune the microwavetransmitter equipment in one case point in fighting with any stops at thetransmit antenna direction for max-makes it a fast, streamlined operation. ends of the antenna's rotation. Going imum quietness as a final adjustment.While the camera operator prepares 360° just to get 5° past the stop wastes After the control room makes athe portable transmitter, the techni- a good deal of time. checkofthemicrophoneaudio,cian can be moving the truck to a Tell the operator at the receive site camera video and IFB, the live remotehigher location for the relay. where you are, so he can positionis ready to go on the air. Chopper relays For stories in outlying areas, the chopper aids in rapid response. In addition to the normal camera equipment, grab the remote box and transmitter box before heading to the scene WE TOOK THE WORRY in the helicopter. On a recent train derailment, in an almost impossible - OUT OF WIRELESS to -reach terrain about 50 miles from the WPXI facilities, we left the station an hour before newstime(stories always seem to break an hour before newstime), landed almost a mile from the scene, packed the gear through the ,V.;6l/al woods and across a stream, set up, were live at the top of the show and re- PR -50 BROADCAST SERIES layed the microwave through our chopper. The secret to the rapid response was having all the gear in the suitcases. The microwave equipment for chopper relays stays on board and hooked up at all times. When a plane crash occurred recently, we managed to the live truck within 100 yards of the wreckage. We Nobody canguarantee that Which is allyou'll ever need knew the station wanted to break into their wireless system won't pick with our frequency -selectable programming as soon as we were set up interference when a similar receiver. We took the worry up, so we hustled. As the mast was go- frequency is being used in out of wireless. ingup, we grabbed thecamera, close proximity. But the Samson Other Broadcast Series remote box and cable ends and ran Broadcast Series exclusive professional features include: across the field to the wreckage. "Micro -Scan" technology offers True Diversity (A/B switching) The camera operator assembled his an intelligent and workable al- equipment, while I dashed back to the ternative to solve this problem. to eliminate dropouts A choice of the most popular truck and panned in the microwave The receiver lets you scan and link. We were ready to go in less than select from all of the available mic cartridges (dynamic and condenser) three minutes. frequencies (30 in all) to choose The ironic part of the operation is the best possible channel for DA belt pack for instruments and lavaliers that we had to ask the control room your area. And when a clear for a minute or two extra delay. The frequency is found, instead of Extended transmission range reporter was so winded from the run needing a total system for A list price ($1295*) which across the field that he needed time to backup or replacement, we offer provides the only "surprise," catch his breath! a complete mic/transmitter considering our system's high By fine-tuning the procedures for backup for only $350* list. quality and performance specs. setting up live shots and streamlining °With SM58 capsule. communications between the station and the crews in the field, setups can SAMSON' be surprisingly quick. Withorganizationandpractice, SAMSON BROADCAST SERIES you, too, can break the three minute "PHASE -REFLEX" WIRELESS SYSTEM barrier. At WPXI, we've had quite a bit of practice, including live events from Samson Music Products, In Conoda Omnimedio Corporation, ltd., moving trains, boats and trucks; two 124 Fulton Avenue, Hempstead, New York 11550 9653 Cote de Liesse, Dorval, Quebec H9P 1A3 516-489-2203 TLX 510 222 1630 514.636-9971 camera live shots from the helicopter; numerous chopper relays; and multiple truck relays. I :I:4))1l

Circle (46) on Reply Card Color negative picture circuit for telecine use

SC ti phase ad_ ust

Digi al registration with memory

Auto Auto -black Presettable Black Two color centering balance gain boost stretch whit?, balar ce with memory

Can the PanasoniCAK-30 stand head to head with the bestselling broadcast camera in the world?

You bet it can. In fact, when you achieved with a unique combination means you can use it as part of our compare picture quality, automatic of image -enhancing circuitry and famous M -format Recam system. features and price, you'll discover high -focus -field Plumbicon* tubes. The Panasonic AK -30. Compare it the Panasonic AK -30 is far and away You'll also appreciate the AK -30's to the world's bestselling broadcast your best bet. automatic circuits. Like auto -white camera. And see why it stands out far ahead. *Plumbicon is a registered trademark of Compare pictures. You'll notice balance with memory for setting N V Philips for TV camera tubes the AK -30 produces a superrefined 2 color temperatures. Presettable For more information call your video image. The kind of image black stretcher. Auto -black balance, nearest Panasonic regionaJ office: broadcasters love to see. But that's and a knee circuit for variable Northeast: (201)348-7336 not surprising with these kinds of dynamic range. Together, they let Midwest: (312)981-4826 specifications: Horizontal resolution you customize the image you're Southeast: (404)925-6835 is 650 lines center. SA is a very quiet shooting for. Southwest: (214)257-0763 62dB ( - 6dB gain), the highest ratio Still, the AK -30 has plenty more West: (714)895-7200 in the industry. Digital registration is going for it. Consider its dual out- In Canada call: (416)624-5010 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.25%. And puts. One works with standard illumination is a mere 24 lux at f1.4 NTSC. The other lets you set new Panasonic ( +18dB gain). standards because it's compatible Industrial Company This high level of performance is with component recording. That Circle (105) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 79 The effects ofac line

(also known as spark -gaps or gas -gaps) although different in construction- The fifth part of our special series and semiconductor -basedactive actinsimilar ways on acircuit on ac line disturbances examines crowbar protection circuits. Although exposed to a transient overvoltage. discrete suppression devices and these devices and circuits have the Figure 1 illustrates the variable non- applications. capability of shunting a substantial linearimpedanceexhibitedbya amount of transient energy, they arevoltage -clamping device, and shows subject to power -follow problems. how these components are capable of By Jerry Whitaker, radio editor Once a gas tube or active crowbar reducing transient overvoltages in a protection circuit has fired, the nor- particular circuit. The performance of discrete tran-mal line voltage, as well as the tran- The voltage divider network es- sient suppression devices available to sientvoltage,willbe shuntedto tablished by the source impedance the broadcast engineer has greatly im-ground. This power -follow current(Z,), and the clamping device improved in the last 10 years. Transientmay open protective fuses or circuit pedance (Zr), acts to attenuate voltage suppression technology has come abreakers if a means of extinguishing excursions at the load. It should be long way from the days of spark gapsthe crowbar clamp is not provided. understood that the transient sup- and resistor -capacitor (RC) snubbers. Voltage -clamping devices are not pressor depends upon the source im- The wide variety of new devicessubject to the power -follow problems pedance to aid the clamping effect. A available at reasonable prices makecommon in crowbar systems. Clamp- protection device cannot be effective tight control over unwanted voltageing devices include selenium cells,in the circuit that exhibits a low excursions possible, and allow thezener diodes and varistors of various source impedance, because the volt- complicated electronic equipment be-types. age divider ratiois proportionately ing manufactured today to work as in- Zener diodes, using improved sil-reduced. tended. Much of the credit for tran-icon rectifier technology, provide an A typical voltage -vs. -current curve sient suppression work goes to theeffective voltage clamp for the protec- foravoltage clamping deviceis computer industry, which has beention of sensitive electronic circuitry shown in Figure 2. When the device is dealing with the problem for morefrom transient disturbances. Power exposed to a high voltage transient, than two decades. dissipation for zener units is usually, the impedance of the component however, somewhat limited(com- changes from a high standby value to Types of devices paredwithothersuppression alowconductionvalue,thereby Transientsuppression hardwaremethods). clamping the voltage at a specified can be divided into three general Seleniumcellsandvaristors- level. categories: ac filters, crowbar devices

and voltage -clamping components. TRANSIENT SUPPRESSION USING The simplest type of ac power line A VOLTAGE DIVIDER NETWORK filter is a capacitor placed across the SYSTEM LEAD voltage source. The impedance of the IMPEDANCE INDUCTANCE LEAKAGE capacitor forms a voltage divider with RESISTANCE the impedance of the source, resulting TRANSIENT in the attenuation of high -frequency v OLTAGE VOLTAGE VARIABLE ACROSS SOURCE transients. This simple approach has IMPEDANCE LOAD STRAY TRANSIENT CAPACITANCE definite limitations in spike suppres- SUPPRESSOR sion capability, and may introduce unwanted resonances with inductive components in the ac power distribu- VARIABLE LEAD/JUNCTION IMPEDANCE tion system. RESISTANCE CLAMPING The addition of a series resistance ELEMENT will reduce the undesirable resonant effects,butwillalsoreducethe CLAMPINGTYPE SUPPRESSOR capacitor'seffectivenessinat- EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT tenuating a transient disturbance. Crowbar devices include gas tubes Figure 1. The mechanics of transient suppression using a voltage clamping device.

80 Broadcast Engineering January 1985 Circle (106) on Reply Card COMPATABILITY.MATSUSHITABACKEDELECTRIC, BY FORMAT.SYSTEM. AIN WORLD ELECTRONICS. LEADERPANASONIC' BROADCAST SYSTEMS. PanasoniC presents the technology

NTSC. YIQ. Now you can make the most out of both. Because 000 now Panasonic lets you do what Y I Q you couldn't do before: Enhance your existing NTSC equipment Any VTR with the higher performance and Or 0 lower operating costs of the System NTSC Panasonic YIQ M -Format. The result: 1 -inch performance from The AK -30 stands head -to -head 1/2 -inch equipment. with the bestselling broadcast camera in the world. Recam. Digital registration. Image -enhancing circuitry. We've got your configuration. Dual white balance with memory. Three high- ENG, EFP, and Studio. The three key Recam focus -field Plumbicon tubes. It's the Panasonic configurations. In either three -tube Plumbicon AK -30. And it will challenge even the bestselling or Saticont versions. And now you can use all broadcast camera in the world. With the industry's Recam cameras and VCRs with all your exist- highest S/N ratio: 62dB. And a razor-sharp 650 ing equipment because they're all YIQ/NTSC lines horizontal resolution. ENG, EFP and Studio compatible. configurations. It The Recam B -100B camcorder. It gives a works with triax single operator total control of both video and and has a nega- audio. With video playback and two -channel tive film switch for audio monitoring in the viewfinder. In the field, telecine use. Recam gives you up to two hours from its on- board battery compared to just 20 minutes from some other camcorders. Triax Adapter In the studio, Recam cameras can be fitted with an optional 5 -inch viewfinder and camera control unit for total broadcast versatility. Plumbicon is a registered trademark of N V Philips. tSaticon is a registered trademark of Hitachi. Ltd. Only Panasonic gives you 1 -inch color playback quality in the field from a 1/2 -inch portable. Up to now, if you wanted the quality of 1 -inch color playback in the field, you had the hassle ENG Camcorder and expense of 1 -inch equipment. Now all you need is the Panasonic AU -220 portable VCR. Studio Configuration It's YIQ compatible. So you get 1 -inch color performance from 1/2 -inch equipment.The AU -220 also records and plays standard NTSC. In the studio or van, the AU -220 doubles as an ideal source VCR when you add the AU -S220 adapter. It provides power, a drop -out compensator, and a fully corrected broadcast signal when you add a TBC, vectorscope and WFM. For field playback on a budget, choose the EFP Configuration AU-100KB and get black and white video confidence in the viewfinder. behind component compatibility.

When it comes to post -production,

Panasonic speaks the language. ,`DINTIL The Panasonic RS -422 Serial Interface can improve VCR systems control. Because it lets you control high performance YIQ M -Format VTRs from your existing VTRs and editing systems. The Panasonic AU -300B editing recorder, the AU-TB30 internal TBC, the AU -A30 full -function 0 0 editing controller and AT -Series color monitors.

Complete compatibility for total control. AU -300B AU -300B Owe WAIL A

AU -A30

MULTI -SOURCE EDITING

AL -300B with built-in TBC

1, VTR with RS -422

INTER -FORMAT EDITING Only from Panasonic. Automatic, continuous, reliable broadcasting. It's the MVP -100 and it will revolutionize your station. Because it lets you program in advance, and automatically air, everything from news spots to commercials to station IDs. Even complete program -length material. All with YIQ quality, time -code accuracy and computer- 1 controlled reliability. At a lower operating cost than conventional cart machines. Its recorders, spot players, and up to 24 modular transports operate independently. So the MVP -100 can even be programmed to override a breakdown the moment broadcast continuity has been

interrupted to virtually eliminate dead air.

Panasonic Broadcast Systems. Call your nearest Panasonic regional office: Northeast: (201)348-7336 Panasonic broadcast components can en- Southeast: (404)925-6835 hance any broadcast system. Not only will we Central: (214)257-0763 make your images look better with advanced West: (714)895-7200 M -Format technology, we'll make it easier for Canada: (416)624-5010 you to originate, produce and broadcast them. Panasonic Broadcast Systems. Watch us Panasonic improve your broadcast quality. Industrial Company Eleven huncred feet above Memphis, Low VSWR. Up to 2.5beamtilt without Tennessee this Andrew TRASAR trans- gain loss. High power rating and reserve mitting antenna employs the latest concept in capability. Totally protected in a pressurized UHF -TV broadcasting elliptical polarization. fiberglass radome. This feature significantly increases the quality Broadcasters worldwide look up to Andrew of coverage in markets where the higher UHF -TV antennas. For the TRASAR antenna start up and operating costs associated with best suited to your application write for full circular polarization can't be justified. Bulletin 1083 or call your Andrew Sales The antenna pictured radiates 200/0 of its Engineer. Andrew Corporation, 10500 West energy in the vertical plane. This component 153rd Street, Orland Park, IL 60462. reaches 4/5 the distance of the horizontally Telephone (312) 349-3300. Telex: 25-3897. polarized mileage contours. In addition to providing improved signal strength and reduced reflections it shares the features of all TRASAR antennas Exclusive traveling ANDREW wave slotted array design. Heavy null fill. Our concern is communications. Circle (501 on Reply Card ice drop comes into the meter panel CURRENT previously described and the resistor - CONDUCTION CURRENT and is connected to a primary light-capacitor network aids in eliminating ning arrester (General Electric Com-high frequency transients on the line. pany No. 9L15CB002) and a primaryThe capacitor also places a somewhat

CONDUCTION varistor (GE No.V151DA40). highercapacitiveloadingonthe KNEE The circuit shown in Figure 3 issecondary of the utility company step- VOLTAGE - VOLTAGE duplicated three times for a 3 -wiredown transformer, reducing the ef- wye (208Vphase -to -phase,120V fectsof turn -onspikes because of phase -to -neutral) power system. capacitivecoupling betweenthe 1 The primary arrester and varistorprimary and the secondary of the STANDBY CURRENT are placed at the service drop inputpole- or surface -mounted transformer. pointtoprotectthe main circuit As an extra measure of protection, Figure2.The voltage -vs. -current breaker and power system wiring another varistor (GE No.V130HE150) curve for a typical bipolar voltage clamp- from high voltage transients that are and R -C snubber are placedatthe ingdevice. These components are not clipped by the lightning arrester at primary power input to the transmit- designed to be essentially invisible in the pole or by varistors later in the cir-ter. Transient suppressors are placed the circuit until the applied positive or cuit path. as needed at the ac power distribution negative potential reaches or exceeds The primary varistor has a higherand circuit breaker box. the conduction knee. The device then effectively clamps the voltage excursion maximum clampvoltagethanthe The transient suppression system at a specified level. varistorslocatedafterthemain shown in Figure 3 uses a technique breaker, causing the devices down-known as staging of protection com- stream to carry most of the clamp -ponents. An equivalent circuit of the mode current when a transient occurs.basic system is shown in Figure4. Selecting a protection device If the main circuit breaker should Youcan take advantage of the series Selecting a transient suppression open during a transient disturbance,resistance and impedance found in device for a particular application is a the varistor at the service drop en-the ac wiring system of a facility to aid complicated procedure that must take trance will keep the voltage of thein transient suppression. into account the following items: spike below a point that could damage The protection components located the breaker or system wiring. at the utility company service drop en- The steady-state working voltage, Placing overvoltage protection trance (the primary suppressors) will including normal tolerances. before the main service breaker iscarry most of the suppressed -surge The transient energy to which therecommended only when the pole -current in the event of a lightning device is likely to be exposed. mounted transformer feeds a singlestrike or major transient disturbance. The voltage clamping charac-load and when the transformer hasThe varistors and R -C networks down- teristics required in the application. transient protection of its own, in-stream (the secondary and supplemen- Circuit protection devices (such as cluding primary -side fuses. Consulttal suppressors) are rated for clamp fuses or circuit breakers) present in the local power company before anyvoltages lower than the primary pro- the system. spike suppression devices are placedtectiondevices,and withthe The consequences of protection de- ahead of the main breaker. assistance of the ac circuitseries vice failure in a short-circuit mode. Transientprotectionimmediately resistance and impedance, exercise The sensitivity of the load equip-after the main breaker consists of a tight control over voltage excursions. ment to transient disturbances. varistor (GE No. 131DA40) and a Staged suppression design also pro- capacitor (0.1AF at 5kV) between each tectsthesystemfromexposure Most transient suppression equip-leg and neutral.A 470 10Wseries because of a transient suppression ment manufacturers offer detailed ap- resistor protects the circuitin thedevice that may-for whatever rea- plication handbooks that should beevent of capacitorfailure.Italso son-become ineffective. The perform- consulted whenever you plan to usereduces the resonant effects of theance of an individual suppression a protection device. The specifications capacitor and ac distribution systemcomponentismorecriticalina andratingsofsuppressioncom- inductance. system that is protected at only one ponents arenotnecessarilyinter- The varistor clips overvoltages as point than it is in a system that is pro - changeable from one manufacturer to another. Pay careful attention to the

selection process. 3 -PHASE POWER INPUT The addition of transient suppres- FROM UTILITY (4 -wire WYE) TRANSMITTER sion devices to a piece of equipment MAIN CIRCUIT CIRCUIT BREAKER TRANSMITTER BREAKER (200A) (125A) oracpowerdistributionsystem UTILITY COMPANY should be weighed carefully. Make LEG -1 (of 3) METER PRIMARY VARISTCH allowances for operation of the circuit (GE 11V15IDA40) under all anticipated conditions. PRIMARY R1 R-2 LIGHTNING 474, IOW 474. 10W ARRESTER (GE II9L15CB002) C.2 Power protection SECONDARY 0.1sF 5kV SUPPLEMENTAL 0.1).F 5kV VARISTOR (Plastl VARISTOR (Plastic Transient protection methods for a (GE 0V131DA40) Capac tor (GE I/ Capacitor V130HE150) //LK-50-104) broadcast facility vary considerably NEUTRAL OLK-40.104) depending upon the size and complex- ityof the plant, the sensitivity of equipment at the facility and the ex- tentoftransientactivityonthe NOTE. 120V AC TO AC POWER primary power lines. PROTECTION DESIGN IS EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTION SHOWN FOR ONLY ONE OF RACKS Figure 3 shows one possible ap- THE THREE PHASE AC AND CIRCUIT (protect as BREAKER BOX proach to transient suppression for a UTILITY COMPANY INPUTS. needed) broadcast facility. Lightning arresters Figure 3.The application of transient suppression devices to a system -wide protec- are built into the12kVto 208V 3 -phase tion plan. Install such hardware with extreme care, and only after consultation with pole -mounted transformer. The serv- the local utility company and an electrical contractor.

86 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 SURVIVAL RADIO

IIic;illyis a jungle out there. And n that jungle, Otari's MTR-10 audio nrictine gives ! L.:1 you the ammunition you need to stay alive-like three speeds, micro-

processor control, a built-in cue speaker, and an optimal ten - memory autolocator.

The MTR-10's "creative arsenal" helps you keep pace in tie tough, competitive world of broadcast. Whether you're doing soots, editing, or working live", this rugged machine provides the features you'll need for the recording tasks of tomorrow. As one of our customer's put it, "Everything I eventhinkI want tc do, I can do on this machine"

Now add Otari's legendary reliability and customer support, and your chances of survival become even more certain.

Has a good business decision ever been easier to make? From °Uri: The Technclogy You Can Trust.

Contact your nearest Otari dealer for a demonstration, or call Ctari Corporation, 2 Davis Drive, Belmont, CA 94102 (415) 592-8311 Telex: 9103764890 Cimle (51) on -Reply Card

C Otari 1984 UTILITY MAIN TRANSMITTER COMPANY SERIES INDUCTANCE CIRCUIT SERIES INDUCTANCE CIRCUIT happen if the device failed in a short METER AND RESISTANCE BREAKER AND RESISTANCE BREAKER AC INPUT circuit (which is generally the case). LOAD STRAY STRAY Check for proper fusing on the pro- CAPACITANCE CAPACITANCE PRIMARY tectedlines,andlocatetransient VARISTOR SECONDARY AND LIGHTNING VARISTOR limiting devices in sealed enclosures ARRESTER AND R -C SUPPLEMENTAL NETWORK VARISTOR thatwill prevent damage to other AND R -C NETWORK equipment, or injury to people nearby, should device failure occur.

NOTE: Spike -suppression components fail ONLY ONE AC PHASE IS SHOWN when subjected to transients beyond FOR SIMPLICITY. theirpeakcurrent/energyratings. Figure4. The use of ac system series inductance and resistance to aid transient sup- They can also fail when operated at pressors in controlling line disturbances. This technique is known as staging. steady-statevoltagesbeyondtheir recommended values. tected at several different points. The theutilitycompany'sengineering use of staged suppression also helps department. prevent transients generated by load Although the addition of transient Part 6 equipment from being transmitted to protection to an ac feed is vital to the In the sixth and final part of our ex- other sections of a facility, because long-term survival of the equipmentamination of ac line disturbances, we suppressorscanbelocatednear downstream,theactionof surge -will discuss the importance of proper offending loads. suppression devices can cause one orgrounding of broadcast equipment to Transientsuppressorsgenerally more of the fuses at the service dropthe control ofnoisecurrents on the should not be placed in parallel to transformer to open, thereby creatingpower line. gain additional power handling capa- a single -phasing condition. bility.Evensuppressorsthatare Positiveprotectionagainstcon- Bibliography identical in type number have spec- tinued operation under such a condi- "Voltage Transients and the Semiconductor." The ified Electronic Field Engineer, pp. 37-40, March/April 1979. tolerances, and consequently, tion is necessary when transient pro- Noise Suppression Reference Manual. Topaz Elec- devices placed in parallel will nottection devices are installed at the tronics, San Diego. share the suppressed -spike current service entrance of a facility. General Electric MOV Varistor Data and Applications Manual. General Electric Company, Auburn, NY. evenly. Although protection device failure Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, EMP and Electric is rare, it can occur, causing damage Power Systems. Publication TR-61-D, July 1973. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, EMP Protection Design cautions to the system unless the consequences for Emergency Operating Centers. Install transient suppressors at theof such a failure are taken into ac- A Review of Transients and Their Means of Suppres- sion. Application Note AN -843, Motorola Semiconduc- utility service entrance with extremecount.Beforeinstallinga surge - tor Products, Phoenix, AZ. care and only after consulting with limiting device, examine what would I:1411

A DECADE OF PROGRESS... A DESIGN FOR THE FUTURE'"

Line Select and 1H/2H Mode highlight the As we enter our second decade, our commit - 1984refinements to the ever -popular TSM-5A ment to offer the best products, prices, delivery, Waveform Monitor and VSM-5A Vectorscope. VIDEOTEX and service remains an uncompromised goal. fr4c

125 North York Street, Pottstown, PA 19464. (215) 327-2292, TWX: 710-653-0125/9625 North 21st Drive, Phoenix, AZ 85021, (602) 997-7523, TWX: 910-951-0621 I984-Videotek. Inc 88 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary1985 Circle (52) on Reply Card New from

VITALLEADERS IN VIDEO TECHNOLOGY

NEW.. 3000 SWITCHER NEW.. SAM AUTOMATION NEW..

All Systems Available in NTSC, PAL and SECAM.

'.`it.itment. VITAL INDUSTRIES, INC. Vi TM. 111'111!.1' WORLD HEADQUARTERS 3700 N.E. 53rd Avenue Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA Tel: (904) 378-1581 TLX: 80-8572 VITAL -A -GAIN TWX: 810-825-2370 Circle (53) on Reply Card

January 1985Broadcast Engineering 89 AES conventionreplay

By Jerry Whitaker, radio editor AES engineering sessions By Blair Benson, TV technology consultant The 76th Audio Engineering Socie- ty convention, held Oct. 8-11 in New The broadcasting and transmis- the viewers' concentration on the York, provideda window on the sion session at the AES, held Oct. TV screen, and a proper depth future of broadcast and professional 8-10in New York, was well -at- perspective.Thisrequirement audio. That view showed a new level tended, pointing out the high level demands an accurate relationship ofdigitalsophisticationintape of interest in stereo TV broadcast- between the sum (L+ R) and dif- recorders, special effects, audio con- ingbystationengineersand ference (L- R) signals. soles and interconnection systems. equipment manufacturers. The Unlike stereo radio and record- papers ranged from a tutorial in- ing, the TV picture presents an ac- Itis no longer a question ofwhen troduction to stereo technology to curate and stable perspective to the digital era will arrive. It is here. the design and operation of stereo the viewer. This perspective will Equipment featured at the conven- TV facilities. not be maintainedifamplitude tion demonstrated that digital systems and phase differences exist be- are no longer islands in a sea of analog Center image tween and L and R transmission hardware. Technology has progressed In a discussion on the basics of channels. The stereophonic effect to where digital -based machines can TVstereo,RichardBurdenof will be preserved, but only at the communicate with each other, and the Burden Associates, Canoga Park, expense of a wobbling or blurred CA, emphasized the need for a centerchannel.Unfortunately, outside world, to form a totally digital stable center image, because of such variations are a common audio production plant. Continued on page 92 An all -digital system has several per- - -

formance advantages,but onein- improve,analog technologyisalso terestingaspect brought out in con- moving forward. Analog equipment versationswithvariousmanufac-displayed at the show featured im- turers was that a digital plant can alsoproved performance and greater ver- offer cost advantages to the user. satility than previous models. The Consider the construction of a ma-trend toward merging analog and dig- joraudio/video productionstudio. ital hardware into a single system is When the plant is all -digital, interc 3n-also gaining momentum. nectionofaudioconsoles,tape Full or partial automation of many machines and special effects can beanalog systems has made the distinc- accomplished with fiber-optic cablestionbetweenanalog anddigital instead of bundles of shielded audioequipment difficultin somecases. Microprocessors have beenincor- porated into a wide variety of analog hardware, from audio consoles to tape recorders. The 76th AES convention featured a record184 More than 8000 persons exhibitors, bringing more jammed the New York than one-half million pounds of equip- Hilton for the 76th AES con- ment to the exhibitionfloors and vention. More than 180 ex- demonstrationrooms. TheBritish hibitors were on hand to contingent made a strong showing show off the latest in audio again this year, with 27 companies equipment, many of which taking part. Attendance was estimated were digital systems. overall at more than8000for the 4 -day show. The offering of technical papers was the largest of any AES convention. Of special interest to broadcasters were papersondigitalinterconnection methods, FM stereo coverage area improvement and telephone network wire.Fiber-optic interconnectionbandwidth extension systems. Multi- eliminates troublesome RFI problems channel TV sound was given special many broadcasters experience. Light attention at theAES session onbroad- cables also consumelessspace andcasting and transmission, detailed in are less expensive to install than con- "AES Engineering Sessions," on this ventional audiolines,resultingin page. substantial labor savings when a large In what should be welcome news to facility is built. A digital plant may many manufacturers, the AES Board provide a cost-effective alternative to of Governors voted during the show to an analog facility. change the organization's convention As digital equipment continues toand exhibition policy. Beginning in

90Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 IT'S ALL CHYRON: Everything you see was created on Chyron IV. Background graphics... Foreground text... Multi -color characters. Electronic graphics have never been easier. Or sharper. Chyror. IV does more.

TELEs vs TEMS A DIVISION OF CHYRON CORPORATION 265 Spagnoll Road. Melville. New York 11707 516-249-3296 Teles 144522 Chyron Melv

Circle (54) on Reply Card Ampex Internabonal .51ribulor for Cnyron Grapn,s Systems Outs,. the U 5 A January 1985 Broadcast Engineering 91 Continued from page 90 agreed.Severalpeople ques- consequence ofconventional tioned the feasibility of maintain- audio processing. ing the phase and amplitude toler- Burden pointed out, however, ances necessary for good stereo thatinthe matrix(L + R/L - R) performance inall of the matrix transmissionformat, channel encoders and decoders that would variationswillnotaffectthe be needed in a typical TV plant. center image,butinsteadwill Modifying existing equipment to cause the stereophonic effect to accept the matrix format was also vary in width and balance. This, he cited as a potential problem. contended, is a more acceptable modification of perspective for TV Production techniques applications. As if the problems within the TV When using either the L and R facility were not enough, other or L+ RandL -R mode of papers reviewed the production transmission, itis important that techniquesrequiredforstereo any phase and amplitude differ- pickup,withspecialattention ences between the 2 channels be given to monophonic compatibili- kept to a minimum. ty. TV broadcasters converting to Ampex celebrated the 10th birthday of Because of the importance of stereo operation will rely initially its Grand Master 456 series of mastering producing a stable center image, upon network and recorded ma- tape with a huge cake made to resemble Burden recommended that broad- terial for programming. Eventual- a reel of 2 -inch audio tape. The 456 casters seriously consider oper- ly,however, as the number of series was introduced to the industry at ating in the matrix format within viewerswithstereoreceivers an AES convention in 1974. the TV plant. This mode has the becomes a significant proportion additionaladvantageofbeing of the audience, stations will be compatible with many existing 1986,there will be just one AES con- faced with the decision of which plant systems and procedures. localprogramming should be vention/exhibition per year, held in Itisalsocompatiblewith multichannel, and how it should the fall. The show will alternate be- videotape equipment, with mono- be accomplished. tween the East Coast and West Coast, phoniccapabilityretainedon SkipPizziof National Public and the location will synchronize with audio channel 1 without the need Radio provided some ofthe the annual SMPTE convention. for matrixing. Using the L + R/L -R answers to the second half of this Because of previous commitments, format, Burden said, would permit question with a detailed discus- however, two conventions-one in the an orderly and gradual change- sionofthe M -S(mid -side) over of facilities to stereo. intensity -stereo microphone spring and one on the fall -will be Not everyone in the audience heldasplanned this year. technique. M -S uses a coincident

Portable diversitywireless. Cetec Vega's Model 67A PRO portable DYNEXII audio processing for over Lightweight and compact diversity receiver provides improved 100 dB dynamic range andhigh signal- (6.95 x 1.4 x 7 in ). effective operating range and virtually to-noise ratio. Write or call for further information and eliminates signal dropouts caused by True helical -resonator front-end filter location of your nearest dealer: multipath conditions. and multiple -pole crystal IF filter for Cetec Vega, 9900 Baldwin Place, Features include: superb selectivity. El Monte, CA 91731. (818) 442-0782. True dual -receiver diversity. External power capability for field and Low power consumption; operates portable use, from a 12-V camera belt from four internal 9-V batteries. pack or other +10.5 to +18 Vdc source. Cetec Vega ...the professional's wireless

67A PRO

92 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Circle (55) on Reply Card pair of microphones with side - In the long term, audiences will location events be done on loud- isolated pickupdirectionalpatternsat demand a more exact match be- speakerssufficiently right angles. The excellent mono- tween the video image and the from the sound source. He said phonic compatibility of the M -S stereophonic audio. This willre- headphones should be used only technique and stabilityofthe quire a sophisticated production for continuity and cue monitoring, center image make it ideal for on - system that would likely include not for program or mix adjust- location TV broadcasting. stereosubmastersfeedingan ments because of the image dis- Pizzi described several applica- audio-followvideo switcher. Each tributionand placement errors tions of the M -S technique,in- submaster would provide a stereo that can result. cluding instances whenitwas mix corresponding to the related Pizzi said that near -field moni- supplemented for on -location pro- cameraposition.EFP wireless tor loudspeakers with carefully duction with X -Y (left -right) pairs cameras would be equipped with controlled dispersion should be for ambient sound gathering. A stereo microphone pairs of the used at remote location events. spacing of 20 feet to 30 feet for a M -S type, either on the camera or Such loudspeakers will minimize the effects of room reflections on X -Ypairin alarge orchestral positioned near the sound source. pickup was recommended to im- The variable -zoom camera lens the sound heard by the mixing prove the monophonic signal by will pose an even more difficult engineer. minimizing cancellation effects. problem, perhaps dictatingthe Final thoughts Although stereo production for use of dynamic audio panning to The speakers at the broadcasting and transmission session sportsprogramming has been track the change in the visual per- largelyignoredtodate,Pizzi spective. of the AES convention presented briefed the audience on some of Studio productions of news and the audience with a number of the problems that have been en- interviewsinvolving two people complex problems and some, but not all, of the solutions. For the TV countered.First,truestereo can provide a pleasing stereo im- perspective for the viewer is dif- age without a ping-pong effect by broadcasters who have been con- ficult to achieve because of the using a single M -S microphone cerned only with single -channel frequent changes in camera angle pair centered on the two subjects. monophonic sound pickup and This approach may not be worth transmission,thesessionpro- and subject distance common in vided insight into what must ap- TV sports coverage. A simple (but the effort in a typical acoustically not very elegant) solution to this deadstudio,where two mono pear to be a new technology. center -panned microphones may The bright side of the inevitable problem is to provide one or two transition to stereophonic televi- X -Y microphone pars for overall suffice. On location, however, a separate single M -S microphone pair may sion is that broadcasters will have ambientsound,and adequate time to acquire the new highly directional monophonic ac- provide an effective solution to facilitiesandoperatingtech- tionmicrophones. Thean- the pickup problem. nouncers would be covered by Pizzirecommendedthatall niques needed for this important service. normal mono pickups. monitoring of audio signals at on- :r4))1 _

The best portablewireless. The Model 66A PRO is the latestversion External power capability for field and of Cetec Vega's popular compact, battery - portable use, from a 12-V camera belt powered wireless microphone receiver. pack or other +10.5 to +18 Vdc source. Features include: Lightweight and compact Lower power consumption for 8-10 (5.4 x 1.3 x 6.25 in ). hours continuous operation from four Write or call for further information and internal 9-V batteries. location of your nearest dealer: High signal-to-noise ratio and wide Cetec Vega. 9900 Baldwin Place, dynamic range (over 100 dB in Model EL Monte, CA 91731. (818) 442-0782. 66A/DII with DYNEX" II audio processor). True helical -resonator front-end filter C -466AQuad Case and multiple -pole crystal IF filter for Cetec Vega Houses four 77/66A systems. superb selectivity. ...the professional's wireless

66A PRO Circle (56) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 93 Focusingon the future of image technology: SMPTE '84 By Carl Bentz, television editor solidatedFilmIndustries),theProclamation, for industry support on Presidential Proclamation,forsup- an international level. After a spacious Los Angeles Con-port of SMPTE and contributions to Ronald E. Uhlig(senior vention Center exhibition in 1983, themotion picture engineering. photographic engineer, Eastman 126th SMPTE Technical Conference David W. Samuelson (Samuelson Kodak),theSamuelL.Warner returned to the New York hotelen- Film ServiceLtd.),the Presidental Memorial, for development of stereo vironment for the film and TV in- photographic soundtracks, improved dustry's major meeting of 1984. sound negative film and improved A total of 169 exhibitors showed quality control techniques. their wares at the New York Hilton Christoph Geyer (technical director, and Sheraton Centre hotels between Geyerwerke GmbH), the Herbert T. Oct. 30 and Nov. 1. Suites in the hotels Kalmus Gold Medal, for total immer- provided extra space for an overflow sion wet printing gates and liquid sup- of exhibiting companies. port systems. Technical sessions overlapped the Jay Leyda, the Eastman Kodak Gold equipment show, starting on Monday, Medal, as an internationally recog- Oct. 29, and continuing through Fri- nized figure in film education and day, Nov.2. The schedule of 160 scholarship. papers represented 11 countries. The Kenneth I. Richter (Kenneth Richter success of tutorial sessions at Mon- Productions & Cine Equipment), the treal in February prompted 12 tutorial JohnGriersonInternationalGold papers to be included within the 16 Medal, for specialized equipment to sessions. improve quality in documentary and Subjects of particular interest for travel films. TV were the sessions on image tech- Linwood G. Dunn, Honorary Mem- nology; small format video; imagesen- bership, for contributions to special sors; post -production; graphics and effects in motion pictures and the digital techniques; TV systems and Richard S. O'Brien was awarded the Acme -Dunn Optical Printer. broadcasttechnology;andfuture David Sarnoff Gold Medal for his con- CharlesR.Fordyce(retired, trendsinimaging technology. tributions in advanced TV production Eastman Kodak), Honorary Member- Thirty-three of the SMPTE study facilities. ship, for pioneering work of safety and working groups held meetings cellulosetriacetatemotion picture during the period, although no major film. statements on standards werere- Joseph A. Flaherty (vice president, leased. For those interested in 1/4 -inch engineering & development, CBS), the format work, no recommendation has Progress Medal, for development and yet been released and no work is ex- implementation of new TV technol- pected before February. ogy, including ENG, off-line editing systems, electronic cinematography, Awards HDTV andestablishingaworld - Appreciationtoanumber of compatible standard for digital coding dedicatedindustrypersonnelwas of TV signals. shown atthe annual honors and Bengt K. Modin (Swedish TV), the awards luncheon. SMPTE president Agfa-Gevaert Gold Medal,forim- LeonardColemanpresentedthe proved interfacing between motion following awards: picture film and TV imaging systems. Wilfred Liekens (Agfa-Gevaert), the Richard S. O'Brien (retired, CBS), Journal Award for Motion Pictures, the David Sarnoff Gold Medal, for for "Psychophysical Relationship of leadershipin planning and imple- Image Quality Characteristics of Mo- menting advanced TV production fa- tion Picture Color Films." cilitiesandcontributionstoTV John L. E. Baldwin (engineer, IBA), technical literature. the Journal Award for Television, for Allen J. Trost (principal engineer, "Analog Components, Multiplexed Ampex), the Alexander M. Poniatoff Joseph A. Flaherty received the Pro- Components andDigitalCom- Gold Medal,forcontributionsto gressMedal,forhisworkinnew ponents-Friends or Foes?" recording technology. technologies, including ENG, HDTV and Outstanding Service citations were Edward H. Reichard (retired, Con- off-line editing systems. awarded to:

94 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Nc mare "make goods"' off -the -shelf-compaTb:lity. So you And a vast improvement in can automa-.e 7ight now. operational reliability are just the The entire sIrstern hardware anc beginning with the Grumman software, is modulcc. It can be Machine Control System -computercustomized to your own s udio contro. of virtually any of ycur reauirements. Whether you ore studio equipment. controlling twc machine: or 2,00. Machine Control System does And aver time, you can upc--rade away with antiquated manual cutsMachine Control System ,s you find and insertions so that the richt mare for 1 tc video -olls at exactly the right time This expandability maKes With the Grumman Machine Grumman Ma thine Con ro, 3ystera Control System, every piece of an ideal investment fcr broad - expensive hardware in your facilitycarters, production houses cable is put to work more efficiently. companies ana incus;ry giants. Consider the greater productivity Even the first step towards total HUMAN ERROR with real-time statusing and auoi-lation can visibly improve any HAS JUST BEEN diagnostics -not just switching. operation. A G 'umrnan spec: alist Consider the cost savings. No can snow you how. Coll US of ;516) ELIMINATED FROM matter what your machine mix - 435-6301. Gr_immcn Aerosocce serial Dr parallel - the Grumman Corporation. Broadcast Group, BROADCAST OPERATIONS.Mach ne Control System provides Grea River, L.1, New 11739. Ivan Barclay (chief, radio -TV broad- The system has been selected bycontrol mode. For mixing and general casting, House of Commons, Ottawa Australiaforthe Homestead and signalhandlingof audioanalog section). Community BroadcastingSatellitemethods continue to be important. Grant Dearnaley (chief, lab & video Service, through AUSSAT satellites. The126th SMPTE conference services,NationalFilmBoardof A confirmed order for at least 200returned to the hotels this year, mak- Canada, Montreal/Quebec section). decoders by mid -1985 brings MAC in- ing quarters tight for exhibitors and Ted H. Horn (Karas Film, Detroit to the realm of realistic technology. observers. Yet, there is no doubt that section). C -MAC, introduced several years the more than 12,000 attendees found CharlesD.Kircher(directorof ago, has yet to be implemented. plenty to keep them occupied. The engineering,Foto-Industries, Continued priority for digital con-suites, exhibit halls and lecture ses- Hollywood section). trol and processing of videowas ap-sionsprovided manyinteresting Although a number of interesting parent. A number of new productionthings to see, hear and discuss. items were introduced, no single new effects systems, time base correction Although analog component video product took the conference by storm. units, production switcher and master isheretostay,not everyoneis Analog video component systems con- control switcher products dotted the pleased. Several engineers from small tinued to proliferate, from cameras to exhibits. stations indicated that they felt the production effects to switcher sys- New disc -based products includednew technology was beingthrust tems. camera and video mixer setup mem-upon them. They admitted to im- One interesting demonstration in-ory systems as well as storage for volved S -MAC, the multiplexed ana- provements in imaging through the graphics generators and real time use of components, yet they were con- log component approach being digital recording and playback. cerned about the importance being studied by SMPTE committees for Heavy involvementof computer transport of video in the studio. In the given, in their minds, to component technology was obvious in the film- techniques. demonstration were comparisons of style editing systems that removean At the same time, SMPTE expressed the comonent approach vs. NTSC,editor's concern about time code data. particularly aimed to show artifacts an interest in finding more participa- Enhanced software facilities were of- tion from the grassroots and small- that result from the NTSC color sub- fered for the more typical time codestation sector of the broadcast com- carrier. S -MAC remains in the experi-systems, however. mental stage. munity. Itis the opinion of SMPTE Many fine audio products wereex- that, while SMPTE recommendations B -MAC wasalsodemonstrated,hibited this year, but not to the extent showing the imaging quality under are intended to be helpful, they realize seenatthe 1983 conference. As-that many prospective users do not adverse conditions, multichannel dig-signable mixing desks designed with have a voice in the procedures. By ital audio quality, screen text displays, stereo TV in mind, processing systems participating more, engineers could individual receiver addressability andand audio recorders indicated that computer program and data service. possibly dispel these fears. digital remains a preferred switching 1:1:-)))11 HOW DO YOU IMPROVE ON A GOODTHING? Peter Lisand follows a tough act... Peter lisand has learned from its successes. Proof of this can be seen in our two new camera support systems. Our heavy duty camera head has a 30 50 pound capacity, while the light duty style holds 15 30 pounds. Here are a few reasons both heads deserve your attention: True fluid action maintains a smooth regulated motion by a sensitive system without brake shoes, bands, or other mechanical parts to interfere with its operation. Separate positive locks and drag are featured on the pan and tilt. Tilt achieves a full 90" vertical position. Sealed leak proof chamber assures long lasting, problem free operation. Adjustable quick release will counterbalance camera and le is requirements. (optional) Versatile control-use right, left or dual handles. New reversible foot, rubber tipped for interiors and stand and metal points for outside use, can be ordered with either of the JRA tripods. (optional) Tripods come with various top castings to accommodate existing systems. Complete the light duty system with the JRA 83M, a new light weight tripod that weighs in at 7lbs., with a total combined weight of 16 lbs. These Peter-Lisand products reflect our highest standards and are backed with our one-year no - hassle guarantee

erTM 4 MACHINE ren CORP. 352 RIVER ROAD, EDGEWATER, N.J.07020 Phone: 943-5600 (Code 201 I Circle (58) on Reply Card 96 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Maintain network-quaity color performance with B&KPRECISION NTS video test instruments law

I. 1115,11115 " 93111115 WEEP

11,4,

VkSt

1260 NTSCGENERATOR RASTEEVRGB COLORBURST SIGNALS Mn[ oni SOUND syNc RP GR.o.. P1E F111.01.1., kit TONMI 104 U5 15 3 KR, ONAll RAJA?' OR

PATTERN

N >no CU

C:110 410 to

1260 FEATURES: RGB OUTPUTS Model 1260 NTSC Generator SI595 GEN LOCK 1260 generates INTERLACED OR PROG. PAT TF NN 12 patterns, including SCAN circle bar and BUILT-IN MODULATOR crosshatch patterns MULTI -BURST TO 7.0 MHz TCXO STABILITY BLACK BURST '70 FEATURES: 12 KV ACCELERATION POTENTIAL ALL CONTROLS ARE FRONT -PANEL MOUNTED For the complete picture on these new video test STANDARD HALF -RACK instruments, see ypur local distributor or call MOUN-ING B&K-PRECISION ct 1 312 889 9087. BUILT FOR CONTINUOUS DUTY OPERATION rDYNASCAN SPLIT FIELD VIEWING OF MPRECISIONCORPORATION LINES 13-22 ON 1265 6460 West Cortland Street Chicago. Illinois 60635 312 889-9087 1210 otters sunpl, foternational Sales, 6460 W. Cortland St.. Chicagc. IL 60635 sel-up and Canadian Sales' Atlas ElectronicsOntario selectable inputs '-andCei4eIAme 1Cdr S.1H, Empire Exporters, Plainview. NE`e11803

Circle (59) on Repl,, Card Buildingan STL system

By John Leonard Jr.

In the United States, there are twomany stations. The audio response, types of facilities normally used todistortion, SIN ratio and phase per- relay program audio from the studiosformance of an STL system almost al- of an AM or FM station to a remotelyways exceed that of a leased circuit. located transmitter plant. These are One of the most often expressed either leased telephone circuits orcomments following installation of an station -owned radio equipment. Sta-STL at a station where wire lines had tion -owned facilities are classicallypreviously been in service is the im- comprised of an RF system called anproved brilliance-or presence-of the aural studio -to -transmitter link-moreon -air sound. This can be attributed to simply, an STL. the transient response of the STL, par- U.S. aural STL service is permittedticularly at lower audio frequencies. by Part 74, Subpart E, of the FCC rules With higher performance charac- and regulations, and islimited toteristics comes a higher degree of 947MHzto952MHz.In other parts ofreliability. STLs are not subject to the world, a variety of different fre-some of the common causes of tele- quency bands are used for the service,phone system failure, such as downed primarily between 148MHz and polesfromtrafficaccidentsand 960MHz. The United Kingdom andnatural disasters. Australiaoperatenear1500MHz, This dependability is also related to while Canada has incorporated ser-another reason for selecting an STL viceat 1700MHz.In the United States,instead of a wired telephone company additional frequencies are being con-link-the station controls all opera- sidered to provide more spectrum totions. This enables station personnel meet the needs of broadcasters. toroutinelyperformpreventive This article will explore the designmaintenance, and emergency service of aural STL systems at 950MHz, andwhen needed. The telephone com- discuss operating techniques and re-pany-not under control of the sta- quirements for U.S. stations. The con-tion-is no longer depended upon to cepts presented, while applicable inproperly test and maintain the inter- theory to any frequency, should not beconnectingcircuitsbetweenthe used below300MHz,because tech-studio and the transmitter. niques common to VHF, not UHF, are Using an aural STL saves money by more appropriate. owning capital equipment, as opposed toincurringoperatingexpenses Why select an STL? through monthly telephone service There are several reasons to selectcharges. An STL system can cost less an STL. In some parts of the country,thanoneyear'stelephoneline the local telephone company is unablecharges.More common payout to provide simple 10kHz or 15kHzperiods are 3 to 5 years. With ever in- monaural circuits. The completion ofcreasing telephone tariffs, an STL will such an audio loop may requirecontinue to be an appropriate and special construction, and this workeconomically viable investment. can be both time consuming and Besides relaying program material, expensive-sometimes tothe pointSTLs can also combine other services, where service is not available. providing increasedflexibility and Other reasons include: lower distor- versatility. tion and noise in the program audio; Because the construction of an STL broader frequency response and re-is the responsibility of the station, in- duced phase shift in the audio; im-stallation practices and maintenance proved link reliability; increased flex-proceduresare extremely important. ibility and versatility; reductions in operating expense charges; and es- The STL path tablishment of all station operations Once you have decided to use an under common control. aural STL, the first step is to ensure Quality has become the key word at Studio -to -transmitterlink(STL) thatthetopography betweenthe manufacturers are making new genera- studio and the transmittersite will tions of systems that are designed to permit reliable operation. With topo- provide transparentreproductionof graphic maps, you can survey the pro- complex program material in the con- This article was written while Leonard was vice presi- posed path and solve any obvious pro- gestedRFenvironments that are becom- dent of the RF Products Division of Time and Frequen- cy Technology, Santa Clara, CA. blems before construction begins. ing common in many urban centers. Station engineering personnel (or a

98 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 A videocamerathat growswithyou. At Camera Mart.

Ikegami HL -95 Unicam Camera

At Camera Mart we've al\vays had a strong preference for flexible equipment-and theIkegamiHL -95 Unicam", is as good an example of versatility as we've seen. Utilizing a unique "building-block" concept, the HL -95 is available as a standalone camera capable of accepting any on -board VCR, as well as multicore and triax. If you're concerned about the many tape formats, Ikegami's new HL -95 Unicam® is the only universal camera system that accepts all formats. A newly developed 2/3 -inch Plumbicon R) tube (electrostatic focus/ magnetic deflection) is incorporated into the HL -95. The tube's photo- conductor size combined with diode gun electron tube technology results in high sensitivity and excellent resolution. The HL -95 sets higher standards in color camera performance, size, weight, power consumption and flexibility than anything available before... and is typical of the Ikegami tradition of excellence. It's new, and, as you'd expect, it's available right now from Camera Mart. The more you know about video, the more you can rely on Camera Mart. TheCamera Mart,Inc. 456 West 55th Street, New York 10019 (212) 757-6977/Telex: 1-2078 304 First St., Liverpool, NY 13088 (315) 457-3703 Sales Service Rental

Circle (60) on Reply Card consulting engineer) can prepare a path study for a particular application with the assistance of one or more STL equipment manufacturers. The study generally consists of preparing a profile of the proposed radio path. Two types of graph paper are used for such profiles, each representing the earth's surface as an arc. A graph whose arc represents1.33% of the earth's radius, referred to as4/3 earth graph paper, is often used. Such an arc is usually optimistic and as- sumes that all forms of propagation, including refraction effects in a standard atmosphere, will occur. In many instances, aural STL paths are evaluated with true earth radius graph paper. The true earth format has an arc that is representative of the actual curvature of the earth's surface, andisgenerally considered pessi- mistic. The reliabilityof the path should be maximized by proper planning of the receive and transmit points. Figure 1 shows an example of a path profile, and the methods used for - 0.6 FIRST FRESNO. ZONE RADIUS/ assessing its performance. Figure 1. A typical aural STL path profile drawn on true earth radius graph paper. Line P between the studio and the transmitter site represents the center of radiation between the STL transmit and receive antennas. The dashed line (F) represents the 0.6 First Fresnel radius from the center of radiation, and is normally considered the minimum required clearance above any possible obstruc- AtypicalSTL transmitter -receivertions. This distance from the center of systemfor use in the 950MHz band. The radiation can be easily calculated, as system (a TFT Model 7700B series) shown. In this example, a possible ob- features adjustable RF power output, struction exists at point X. Using the for- multi -function front panel meters and mula shown, a minimum clearance of 66 automatic changeover provisions for a feet is required at point X. Based upon companion hot standby system. this information, the minimum height above ground for both the transmitting andreceiving antennas ofthe STL system can be determined.

"^"""^"111110M1111""'""411

.11101PIt SelectingSTLequipment

vo a 1, The equipment a broadcaster selects depends on therequiredservice. .T.1011.1 Aural STL gear has been specifically designed for both AM and FM applications and, with the variety of DM. OIL TRANSMITIER MOCE1 1700 hardwareavailable,mostrequire- ments can be satisfied. If conditions permit, a first-hand As mentioned previously, most STL observation is strongly suggested to systems havecapabilitiesbesides confirm the information appearing on relaying programming. The link pro- the charted profile. From the path provides radio stations a means of oper- file, the length of the path and the ating a transmitter remote control unit heights of the received and transmit without leasedcircuits.Secondary antennas are established. program material (such as SCA) or cu- Withthisinformation,antennas ing instructions can also be transmit- having the necessary gain and trans- ted on the STL. mission line having known attenu- AtypicalSTL system antenna. This par- In using an aural STL, the system ticular model (a Scala Electronics PR - ation can be selected to obtain the best transmitter is a frequency modulated 450U) features a gain of mole than 18dB performance at a reasonable price.design in which varying amounts of at950MHz and a front -to -back ratio of Free -space calculations are the classic pre -emphasis may be used. Aswith 20dB. Identical antennas are normally method employedtoverifythe FMbroadcast transmitters,75µspre - used on both the transmit and receive useability of the selected antennas and emphasis was common at one time. ends of an STL path. transmission line. More recently, STL equipment hav-

100 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 NED / MODULAR11... DESK CONSOLES VTR/VCR RACKSCABINET CONSOLE ACKS

The STANTRON VIDEO CENTER series has been designed primarily for production and post -production facilities The modular "add- on" features allow for maximum flexibility in des gning console arrangements for professional, educational, industrial aid communication VIDEO CENTERS "Designed -in" structural strength and aesthetic features, required by users, is "s-.andard equipment" for every STANTRON VIDEO CENTER unit. For a FREE copy of the STANTRON VIDEO CENTER CATALOG =200, please write or call. MAILING ADDRESS: P.O. Box 9158VC No. Hollywood, CA 91609 U.S.A. Toll Free: 1-800-821-0019 Northern Calif. - Toll Free 1-800-821-0020 iiTANTRON Southern Calif. - Please call 1-213-875-0800 Factory: TWX: 910-499-2177 of Zero Corporattom E900-6918 Beck Ave. No. Hollywood,CA 91605

Circle (61) on Reply Card ing a flat audio response, not employ- 511.010 TRANSMITTER SITE ing pre -emphasis in the transmitter AUTOMATIC and de -emphasis in the receiver, has PGM GAIN SIL 997-952MHz STL LIMITING .1/1, TO CONTROL TRANSMITTER RECEIVER AMPLIFIER become available. Systems of this type A70- TRANSMITTER are easier to set up and operate in AM IAGCI

service,becausethepre -emphasis TRANSMITTER SITE curve does not have to be considered in establishing actual program levels. STUDIO LEFT STL LIMITING STL systems for FM service can be RECEIVER AMPLIFIER - PGM AUTOMATIC AUDIO LEFT STL essentially the same as those for AM, POW GAIN AUDIO CONTROL TRANSMITTER if the FM programming is monaural MOO RE

(Figure 2). For FM stereo, two possible RF configurations exist. The first arrange- 947-952 MHz POWER ment consists of two monaural STLs DIVIDER AUTOMATIC RIGHT RF GAIN STL and is typically referred to as a dual PGM CONTROL TRANSMITTER AUDIO system. Both radio links operate in a IAGCI RIGHT STL LIMITINGF` single STL channel with one convey- RECEIVER AMPLIFIER - PGM ing left channel program audio and AUDIO theotherrightchannel program Figure 2. The basic monaural STL system and recommended audio processing audio. equipment is shown in the top diagram. The dual STL arrangement, shown in the bot- The second possible systemfor tom drawing, utilizes separate monaural transmitters and receivers to relay left and relaying FM stereo programming is right channel program audio. Separate STL transmit antennas are normally used the single link composite STL. With with the dual system. An RF power divider can be used to operate the two STL this arrangement, the stereo generator receivers from one antenna, if desired. is located at the studio and the composite stereo waveform is fed directly channels is relayed to the transmitterexciter at the transmitter, as shown in to the wideband input of the RF ex- via two separate RF paths. Figure 4. citer in the FM broadcast transmitter The other possible configuration is a (Figure 3). modified composite system, using an Remote control An STL for AM stereo can, like the FM -type stereo generator at the STL Remote control can be easily added FM stereo systems previously dis-transmitter and a companion stereo to an STL system for totally wireless cussed, be configured in one of two demodulator at the receiver. The AM operation of an AM or FM transmit- basic ways. The first (and most ob- stereo composite STL thus providester, as illustrated in Figure 6. Com- vious) is the dual arrangement, whereseparate left and right audio (as with mand information for the remote con- program audio for the left and right the dual STL) to feed the AM stereo trol system is relayed over the STL by

ENG crews and maintenance supervisors and Sony cameras and popular portable VTRS. report that TSM camera tripod plates and Mono -Brace increases stability when using VTR/Camera Cables last 2 to 4 times longer long focal length or heavy lenses. Perfect The TSM than other makes. prescription for back pain. Quick Release Tripod Mounts. Rugged, Mic and Light Adapters for Ikegami cameras. reinforced construction with positive lock- The TSM-MLA is a simple solution for combo advantage.ing ... plus extra holes for optimum bal- mounting of shotgun mic and light. ance. Models shown are for Ikegami and Sharp cameras. Models for other cameras BCTV Zoom and Focus Controls. Smooth We guarantee that our camera tripod available soon. 2 speed Zoom control clutch prevents end plates and VTR/Camera Cables will last stop damage. Focus control has drag adjust- VTR/Camera Cables. Heavy dutypull, twist ment. Drive cables have dust seals. longer than other manufacturers'... andbendstrain relief design at connec- or we will replace them at No Charge. tors. Crews like cable flexibility and long life. Call or write for complete details and inquire Available for Ikegami, RCA, Sharp, Hitachi about our Warranted Lens Repair service.

ncu"Ids Deaevwelcomed. TOTAL SPECTRUM MANUFACTURING INC. 20 Virginia Avenue, West Nyack, NY 10994 ( 914) 358-8820

102Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Circle (62) on Reply Card TELEVISION TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

A good place for your RADIO station to look for equipment. Television Technology has been manufacturing TV and FM Translators and Low Power Televisioi Transmitters since 1967. In that time we have gained a reputation for simple and reliable designs that offer the highest level of performance available from existing component technology. But, Television Technology Corporation is also a RADIO equipment company. Our Wilkinson Radio Division offers a complete line of FM Transmitters from 10 watts to 60 kilowatts, including the FM - 3500J, 3.5 kilowatt FM transmitter, the first of a complete line of transmitters we think will change a lot of ideas about what's important in a broadcast transmitter. Wilkinson also offers simple, reliable AM Transmitters from 125 watts to 100 kilowatts. Television Technology also offers a complete line of audio consoles, cartridge machines, and reel to reel decks made by our AMPRO/Scully Division. So when you're looking at new equipment for your radio station, don't forget the television companythat thinks a lot about radio, too.

TELEVISION TECHNOLOGY DIVISION -TV & FM Translators & LPTV WILKINSON ELECTRONICS DIVISION -AM & FM Transmitters & Lire Surge Protectors AMPRO/SCULLY DIVISION-Audio Consoles & Audio Tape Equipment SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY DIVISION-Satellite Earth Terminal Systems and Transmission Systems

Wilkinson Radio Division 2360 Industrial Lane Broomfield, Colorado 80020 (303) 465-4141 Circle (63) on Reply Card TWX: 910-938-0396 an uary 1985 Broadcast Engineering 103 STUDIO TRANSMITTER SITE

STL STL TRANSMITTER RECEIVER 0 A A LER 1.1.1 PGM AUDIO P. -01

RF RF THE TRUE o 2-1

AUTOMATIC COMPOSITE STEREO ST REO RF AUTOMATIC TRANSFER TO WI DEBAND MEASURE OF GENERATOR POWER TRANSFER INPUT OF PANEL DIVIDER PANEL 0 FM EXCITER PERFORMANCE-1--' 5 W RF RF r.n RIGHT 0 PGM AUDIO

STL STL TRANSMITTER RECEIVER

11. '1

Figure 3. The configuration for a composite STL system with hot standby for

4, - 4 4, 1 automatic changeover to backup hardware in the event of equipment failure. The composite STL provides single -link service for FM stereo and allows the stereo generator to be located at the studio. The automatic changeover system shown is usually an optional equipment item.

ASACA/SHIBASOKU an FMsubcarier in the same mannertant part of STL system field use. that an SCA channel is used on an FM Depending upon the STL equipment CD10A1 Color broadcast transmitter. being used, this maintenance can be Decoder Metering (or telemetry) data returns assimpleasobservingoperating to the studio via subaudible tones (in parameters. Test equipment should the case of an AM system), a subcar- also be readily available in the event of The CD10A1 is the New World rier (in the case of an FM system) or a a failure. The STL equipment selected Standard Color Decoder for use separate RF link referred to as atrans- willdetermine theexactrequire- with all systems to decode a mitter-to-studio link (TSL). TSL sys- ments, but some basic instruments are composite signal to RGB. tems operate on 8 frequencies nearworth noting. Switchable Comb Filter. 450MHz and455MHz,andare A volt -ohm meter (VTVM or DVM) referred to as Group P channels of the is normally used for basic measure- Color is demodulated on Aural Remote Pitching Service in thements of dc operating parameters not FCC rules. metered on the equipment. Should the 2 signal inputs selectable Rules that establish aural STL ser-STL transmitter not have a built-in from the front panel. vicealsoestablishanotherser-true VSWR bridge, an in -line watt- Alarm indication when the vice-the intercity relay station (ICR).meter can be extremely usefulin signal is higher or lower This service provides the transmis-locatingfaultsinRF connectors, than the rated value. sion of aural program materials be-transmissionlinesandantennas. Sync may be independently tween broadcast stations or studiosRemember, the STL operates in the added to R,G,B, and Y out- located in separate cities. Many sta-950MHzregion and any external watt- put signals. tions are adapting this service to a meter or VSWR bridge must be capa- 10 Output signals are avail- variety of applications. ble of accurately operating at these able: RGB, Y, I,Q,R-Y,B-Y, Educationalradiostationshave frequencies. Constant impedance type Blanking, Burst Flag, Sync, used another interesting application Nconnectors are a must. Sub Carrier, and Y + Sync. of the intercity relay link. A number of An oscilloscope can greatly simplify Available in NTSC, PAL, states operate state-wide FM broad-many checks, particularly problems castfacilities, and many of theserelated to the audio and power supply SECAM. systemsutilizesatellite -type FMsections of both the transmitter and Measure your performance with transmitting stations to ensure total the receiver. The upper response char- the best. coverage. These satellites function asacteristics of the scope need not ex- ASACA/SHIBASOKU CD10A1. off -airrepeaters and are intercon-tend to1GHz.While100MHzca- The color decoder with nected by ICR systems where needed.pability can beuseful,a 10MHz character. oscilloscope may bemore within most STL maintenance budgets. For complete specifications, write: Routine maintenance is an impor- Because the frequency of the STL

L PROGRAM COMPOSITE AUDIO STANDARD ASACA/SHIBASOKU CORP. STL AM STEREO COMPOSITE RECEIVER EXCITER -IP STEREO AM OF AMERICA GENERATOR STL -( )- WITH DRIVE BUILT.IN EXCITER TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTER RADIO STEREO R PROGRAM 12509 Beatrice Street, Los Angeles, LINK DECODER AUDIO P AUDIO California 90066 Sales, Service: (800) 423-6347 (213) 827-7144 Figure 4. A basic AM stereo composite STL system. By converting the left and right audio channels into a composite waveform at the studio and then decoding them at the transmitter, differential frequency response and phase shift that could affect the L +Rchannel are eliminated. Circle (64) on Reply Card 104 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary1985 QUALITY MANUFACTURING & PERFORMANCE

For over 40 years, DielecIr c has final testing. That kind oft.ality DRY FAK' Ai- Dryers been a leading supplier of quality assurance is avai able in a fall line Losv Dielectric Material components and equipment for of products to rroet sc:ur specific RF M crow3ye, Millimete' Wave broadcast, telephoneirdustrial, requirements, inclidirc: Loads commercial and mii-ary applica- FM Ring Arteinas At Docked -lc:, proui of our tions. Single or Multi -7-regJe1cy Parel rept,tatior as a manufacturer yci. Our products are known through- Antennas c.c.ncepeld on. And, we' I continue out the world for :he rreliability Rigid WavegudE and Compo- tonee- you- component and and performance Wry? Because nents eqoprent requirements w th every Dielectric :rocuct is devel- Rigid Coaxial L ne and Compo- state of -:re -err:products, quality oped and procucei completely nents and siEreice For more info -ma -Jon, in-house-from custom engineer- Diplexers ConnbrrErs anc Multi- call cr wn-e us today. ing and manufaLluring through plexers

DIELECTRIC

Ray-npnd, Maine 04071 12C7) 655-4555 030C.) 341-9678 Circle 65) al Feply Card TWX 713-229-6890 SUBCARRIER COMPOSITE SECONDARY 13510i, DETECTOR AUDIO OUT 947MHz to 925MHz 0.(OPTIONAL) transmittermust beperiodically PROGRAM STEREO STL 0 AUDIO GENERATOR aNSMITTER Cr ) RECEIVER verified,anaccuratefrequency RIGHT counter should be obtained. Counters capable of verifying the operating fre- SECONDARY 152kHz AUDIO IN SUBCARRIER 185kHz CONTROL COMPOSITE quencyare now economical and GENERATOR SUBCARRIER (OPTIONAL) should be part of any station's inventory of test equipment. REMOTE TRANSMITTER SCA CONTROL In addition to the STL transmitter's REMOTE GENERATOR STUDIO UNIT CONTROL carrier frequency,itis possible on

yi-LRYCONTROL 671,1-1z some equipment to measure external- METERING TELEMETRY ly I thefrequencyofthesystem's WIDEBAND NPUT reference oscillator. The TFT Model FM MONITOR SCA MONITORt 7700, FM TRANSMITTER for example, has all frequencies

COMPOSITE locked to a 10MHz temperature com- SIGNAL pensatedcrystaloscillator (TCXO) referencethatisavailablefor PROGRAM 947MHz to 925MHz INPUT STL measurement purposes at a rear panel STL PROGRAM AUDIO TRANSMITTER RECEIVER connector. A frequency measurement service -may, of course, also be used to check

SUBCARRIER 450MHz TSL CONTROL the operating frequency of an STL SIGNAL SUBCARRIER INPUT transmitter. It is not necessary to ac- V0.1-41 j tually own all test equipment needed

TELEMETRY TELEMETRY to troubleshoot a system if the gear I-' 1 REMOTE ifTSL TSL TRANSMITTER can be easily rented or borrowed from CONTROL RCVR X'MITTER REMOTE STUDIO UNIT CONTROL a local source. The test equipment OR TELCO LINE used for the transmitter will also be of CONTROL METERING great help with receiver testing.

TRANSMITTER Editor's note: Broadcast Engineering carried three articles in the November 1983 issue on the planning, installation and Figure 5. Some of the methods available for transmitter remote control and telemetry operation of STL systems. The articles are: data return when an STL system is used. The top diagram shows a common applica- "The Propagation Path," pp. 19-28. tion for an FM stereo system. The bottom drawing illustrates telemetry return that "Aural STL Systems," pp. 31-48. can be used in AM or FM applications: "An STL Path Analysis Program," pp. 62-64.1 :11-))))1

'MAKEYOUR MOBILE 1 NUMBER ONE IN MOBILITY. Hannay Reels Get You In And Out Fast. Save precious seconds in set-up, tear -down time. Just pick up the durable, lightweight Hannay Portable Cable Reel, and go. When the story's inthe can, direct rewind makes pick-up easy. And the Portable Cable Reel is compact to take up minimal storage space. It's the newest addition to our complete line of cable reels, for an even bigger selection of unlimited sizes, shapes and capacities to choose from. Send Today For A Free Catalog. Aammil When it comes to getting in and out fast, no other reel is "remotely" as effi- HANNAY cient as a Hannay Reel! REELS CLIFFORD B. HANNAY & SON, INC., 600 EAST MAIN STREET WESTERLO, NEW YORK 12193 TELEPHONE (518) 797-3791 Circle (66) on Reply Card 106 Broadcast Engineering January 1985 TFT 8300 STL Clearly Above The Crowd In Price and Performance

STL RECEIVER MODEL 1301

The 8300 STL outperforms any other STL, (Surface Acoustics Wave) filter to ensure even in the densest RF environment. Yet, it's outstanding selectivity. priced way below the nearest competitor. Additionally, the 8300 receiver features contin- The 8300's superiority is clear in its overall uous, independent display of signal strength performance. Like a 75 db SNR and stereo and a bargraph display of modulation. separation of 50 db, or better. The 8300 is ready for AM stereo too. An It's also clear in the transmitter, which features optional, plug-in demodulator provides R IF modulation for low distortion and high and L channel without an external device. stereo performance. This technique was pio- So, be selective about your STL. Specify TFT neered by TFT and has been further refined and put your station clearly above the crowd. in the 8300. Call or write today. In the receiver, too, the TFT 8300 stands Exclusive Two Year Warranty above the rest, with a sensitivity of 30 /iv The TFT 8300 carries a two year warranty, or less for a 60 db SNR; front panel selection twice as long as any competitor. Itis also backed by around -the -clock factory service. of wide or narrow I.F. bandwidth; and a SAW

ANI, _ITE !weCommitted to keeping you, on the air! 3090 Oakmead Village Dr., Santa Clara, CA 95051 (408) 727-7272 TWX 910-338-0584

Circle (67) on Reply Card January1985Broadcast Engineering 107 Plant tour: Broadcast Electronics By Jerry Whitaker, radio editor

Taking a stack of parts and sheet founded,more than35,000cart work bench. Audio, low level RF, metal and weaving them into a work-machines of various designs havedigital and cartridge equipment are ing piece of broadcast equipment is been built. developed and refined in this area. truly an art form. Each company has Today, Broadcast Electronics oc- After an engineer designs a particular its own way of producing the equip-cupies a70,000square -foot manufac- circuit,itisbreadboarded and ment that makes up its product line, turing and engineering plant in Quin- checked. A design may go through and each has a particular philosophy cy. The product line includes car- several refinement stages before it is regarding construction. tridgetapemachines,automation ready for production. As a long-time user of broadcastequipment, FM transmitters, audio The large assembly development equipment, I find it fascinating to seeconsoles and turntables. lab-where transmitter work is done- how companies build the hardware is located separately from the small that we engineers take for granted. I Product engineering signal work area because of the space recentlyvisitedthe manufacturing All electronic products the com-requirementsof suchequipment. facilities of Broadcast Electronics inpany manufactures start in the design Other reasons for this division include Quincy, IL, and viewed first-hand its engineeringdepartment, whichis the special power and cooling needs production methods and philosophy. composed offourspecialized of transmission gear and the dangers Broadcast Electronics was foundedgroups-Audio Products,Digital involved with exposed high -voltage in1959,manufacturing tape cartridgeProducts,RF Productsand Me- areas. machines from a small factory inchanical Engineering-each headed One of the recent developments Silver Springs, MD. The original cartby a section manager. The work is from the company's engineering lab deck-which was developed bydividedintotwo separatewas a transmitter parameter video engineers at radio station WWDC,areas-small signal development and display and diagnostic system, shown Silver Springs-was among the first transmitter development. at the 1984 NAB convention. The magnetic tapecartridge machines The small signal development area systemincludesa CRT monitor manufactured for broadcast stations. encompasses any product design task mounted on the front panel of the In the 25 years since the company was that is small enough to build on atransmitter that provides the operator

(Above)LarryCervon,presidentof Broadcast Electronics.

Broadcast Electronics (upper left), Quin- cy, IL, supplies studio and transmitter equipment to the radio industry. A Con- trol 16 automation system (bottom left) undergoes system performance tests in the factory demo room. The small signal development engineering lab works on prototypes of audio, digital and low level RF equipment (lower right).

108 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 ALPHATIZED VO-5850 The features of the machines are: 1211=1112 Balanced Audio In/Out I XLR Connectors +4dB Audio Input/Out- 1....III I II put "11III Increased Shuttle Speed S.M.P.T.E. Address Track Switchable Audio Input Levels Switchable Input impedance Head Switch in Vertical Blanking Auto External Sync Lock in Playback Adjustable Audio Playback Level With Preset Time Code Restripe*

ALPHA VIDEO & a ELECTRONICS CO. 28 East Mall Plaza; Carnegie, Pa. 15106; (412) 923-2070 *Patent Pending

Circle (68) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 109 or engineer with a visual readout of all important operating parameters in several different formats, including a real-time bar -graph display. This feature allows the user to make astatusassessment of theentire transmitter with a single glance at the CRT display. It also makes tuning adjustments on a particular stage easier, because the effects of the tuning on all stagesofthetransmittercan be 2000 observed simultaneously. The display NEWSWIRE eliminates the usual procedure where handling... the engineer makes an adjustment and futuxein news then runs through all of the front the panel readings to see the effects. The company's biggest change has been its introduction of a line of FM transmitters. The RF product series has evolved for several years. Work began on the first transmitter pro- ducedbythefirm -the FM -30 (30kW)-in 1978. The unit was introduced to the industry in 1980. Five transmitters of various power levels have been added, some building on the technology developed for the FM -30, such as the folded half -wave cavity PA stage. The company, following an industry -wide trend, is moving toward modular transmitter construction for production efficiency and design simplicity. Another recent development is the design of an AM stereo exciter with severalinterestingfeatures. A frequency synthesizer circuit has been

...for press agencies andradio/TV news centres. A technician tests the company'snew transmitter status video display unit in- NEWSWIRE 2000: a computer based For more interesting information stalled in a 3.5kW FM transmitter. The news handling system which fits into contact large assembly development lab, where the press room like a hand in a glove. Erwin Hieble, marketing manager transmitter work is done, is separated phone: (49) 7191-13-3347 from the small signal lab. Multi-lingual split-screen editing, Arabic, Cyrillic and Latin characters or write to: Interfacing of wire services and ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH transmission networks P.O. Box 1120 Library, filing and mail -box facilities D-7150 Backnang Federal Republic of Germany Multiprocessor VAX cluster Teletex: 719132 antksav Round the clock operation, since 1983

Software development work takes place

.111111, in a separate area of the engineering lab.

Special prototype test fixtures simulate transmitter operating parameters in the Telecommunications development of the CRT status display unit (center). Circle (71) on Reply Card 110 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 The32Q ProCam" Video Camera with Plumbican tubes at SaticorC price.

JVC's experience-and lighting. High deg-ee of success-in designing automation. An extersKe the highest quality and selection of options anc reliability into compact accessores combine tc video production cam- make the ProCarl 320 eras is unmatched. Now, suitable for both studio continuing this traditior production, EFP, or ENG; of high performance at or, ndeed, to ary applica- an affordable price, JVC tion, anywhere, that ca Is has brought a "high - for top quality video pro- end" teleproduction duction while staying camera within the financial reach of pro- witnin a tight budget. duction people often victimized by mod- ROCAM TECHNICAL est budgets. This time, it's ProCam 320. SUPPORT. Your ProCam What a package! sales -epresentative w.11 SENSITIVITY. ProCam 320 features be happy to explain the three, 2/3" Plumbicon nick -up tubes for availability and calibre of incomparable picture quality. A refined the ProCam technical f/1.4 prism optics system provides hori- support program zontal resolution of better than 600 lines For a demor stration of at center. A 2H vertical contour correction the ProCam 32D Video circuit further assures mage clarity. And Camera, a 320 Spec minimum illumination measures only 38 Sheet, or JVC's comolete lux (3.6 fc) at f/1.7, permitting shooting catalog, call, toll -free: even in limited or artificial light. 1-800-JVC-5825 A video S/N ratio 01 57 dB. Color framing output signal (RS-- 70A). A split field JVC Company of Aneric: 3 color bar generator for consistent color Professional Video Division reference. A genlock circuit for maintain- 41 Slater Drive, ing a stable picture while switching or Elmwood Park, N.J. 07407 mixing with other signals locked JVC CANADA, on the same source. Scarborough, Ont. EASY OPERATION. r 1984 VC Company A Amer ca Several 8 -bit data mem- ProCam is a Irademar. of US JVC CC RP. Plumbicon is a registerec tradema k of ory chips offer operatcr North American Philip; Corp. conveniences for quid.< '* Sat con s a registerec trademark d set-up and consistent Hitachi Denshi, Ltd. performance. These include: Auto centering, auto -black balance and auto -white balance, auto black level sta- bilization and auto beam control circuits. Matrix masking for true color reproduction and automatic protection for the pick-up tubes are 3 few of the many features standard on this new camera. VERSATILITY. Easy portability. Outstanding JVC COMPANY OF AMERICA JVCProfessional Video Division performance in low-level

Circle (70) on Reply Card developedforthe company's new C-QUAM AM stereo generator, allowing the carrier frequency of the station to be locked to WWV or another high - accuracy frequency standard. This featureisdesigned to address the "platform motion" problem, a possible concern for AM stations broadcasting in stereo with the C-QUAM format. Company engineers report that if stations experiencing "platform motion" problems because of co -channel interferencecooperatewitheach other and lock their carrier frequencies to a reference standard, the problem can be eliminated. This approach At the machine shop, mechanical components are formed and milled, including turn- has been used successfully by televi- table platters, cartridge components and transmission gear assemblies.

A portion of the incoming component and assembly quality control testi- area. Workers here sample -test materi The company stockroom of small and medium-sized comonents, with similar parts from vendors for specifications. stored in "family groups." A REAL TV STAR! If you're on the air all day and night, you need a dependable digital TBC to handle various types of broadcast equipment. Operating in the direct and heterodyne modes, the nova 510 is designed for optimum correction of non -segmented 3/4" and 1/2" video tape recorders. If you aggressively cover news and sports in your community, you'll be pleased that the nova 510 is the "take anywhere TBC" at only 70 pounds andone and three quarter inches high. And your production staff will find it a breeze to use. Our "picture in shuttle" feature also allows you to pause the recorder for a stable color picture thatcan be recorded-all at no extra cost. There's 8 bit 4x subcarrier sampling for maximum picture fidelity. And our advanced design memory provides 32 lines of video storage. All this, for the low price of $7,450. The nova 510 is the lowest -priced, full feature digital TBC on the market. We guarantee it.

cirreff4rtmaismegtrritarm4ratria nova systems 20 tower lane avon, ct 06001 203-677-5252

OPERATE PROCESS VIDEO CHR01111A HUE SETUP REFERENCE INPUT LOW NORM HON

nova510 # BYPASS DIRECT Circle (72) on Reply Card 112 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 HIGH QUALITY...products that equal or surpass STANDARD FEATURES - NOT OPTIONS... the most demanding specifications include power supplies cable equalizing, precise path delay matching and more. FAMILY OF COMPATIBLE MODULES...fil your exact needs. Choose from a wide variety of video, pulse, time code, audio and switching modules. ONE UNIVERSAL RACK FRAME...allows DATAT E K intermixing A/V dis:ribution, switching or IDS modules it the sane frame to accommodate your exact system needs. 1121 Bristol Road, Mountainside, NJ 07092 (201) 65-8100 Circle (109) on Reply Card sion stations for years to reduce co - substantialbecauseofthelarge Printed circuit boards are assem- channel interference. number of specialized components re-bled in a central area of the plant. The Developing a new product is a com-quired in the units. PC assembly line produces the boards plicatedprocedurethatinvolves When material from vendors arrivesthat are used in all of the company's analyzing the needs of the user, the at the Quincy plant, it is sample -tested products.Afterthecardsare market for the product and the tech- for adherence to specification at an in-populated, they are run through a flow nology available. Although develop-coming component quality control solder machine and then through a de- ment times for various products can(QC) check point. This QC test in-greaser, which cleans the boards. The differ greatly, the minimum period for cludesnotonlyindividualcom- PC cards are next passed through a pre -production work is usually about ponents,butsub -assembliesforQC checkandreturnedtothe 9 months. The longest might be 2 to various pieces of equipment. stockroom. 21/2 years. Components are stocked in a central The cable work for any major piece storageareainso-called"familyof equipment-such as an automation The manufacturing process groups," with similar parts groupedsystem, audio console or transmitter- The company bases its production together. As production schedules de-is vitally important to the perform- work on predictions of future sales. It mand, stockroom personnel assembleance and serviceability of the unit. All purchases components and buildsthe required components for variouscable harnesses are constructed on units in anticipation of need, rather manufacturing runs. These packageswiring forms and the individual wires than in response to specific orders.are then delivered to the assemblyin each harness are numbered for The advantage is that the lead-time for lines as needed. The stock room alsoidentification. customerorderscan bereduced houses various PC boards built at the Units are assembledinseparate substantially. plant's assembly lines in anticipationareas of the plant for the various prod- The typical lead-time for a transmit-of need. uct lines. The system assembly stage ter, for example, could be 6 months The machine shop makes the in-brings together the mechanical hard- (from the time the individual parts are dividual mechanical components re-ware, PC boards and wiring harness ordered from the vendors until thequired for the products that Broadcastto produce a finished product. productiscompleted).Most cus- Electronicsmanufactures.Typical Following the unit assembly stage, tomers, however, will not wait that machineditemsincludeturntablethe product is aligned and checked for long. Producing in anticipation ofplatters, cartridge tape deck compo- proper performance at one of several need-while posing some risks to anents and specialized assemblies for quality control stations. Products also manufacturer-is required for quicktransmission gear. An outside vendorgo through a burn -in process to weed response to marketplace demands. makes equipment cabinets and frontout any problem components, usually Lead-times for complex pieces ofpanel cut-outs. The company paints integrated circuits. In the case of cart equipmentsuchasautomationand silk screens all front panels and machines and turntables, the units are systems and transmitters can often be cabinets. cycled to simulate normal use. After final inspection, the finished products are put on the shelf for shipment to customers. All small items are packed in a special foam material to prevent damage during shipment.

Transmission equipment System assembly areas for transmission equipment are divided into low power (5kW and below) and high power. Sub -assemblies built in other parts of the plant are brought together withthewiringharnessand mechanical hardware to form a completed transmitter. One person works on a transmitter at the "cabinet level." When completed, the transmitter is tuned and proper operation of all control circuits is verified. A full proof-of- A technician assembles a transmitter performance-includinganRF wiring harness at a wire harness con- proof-is then run. struction station. Automation equipmentisassem- bled instill another portion of the Quincyplant.As before,circuit boards and sub -assemblies made in other areas of the facility are brought together with the wiring harness and mechanical hardware to form a completed unit. Test programs are then run on the system to confirm proper operation. All mechanical and electrical drafting work is done by a central drafting A technician, using wiring harness, com department. The draftingstaff Oneoftheprintedcircuitboard bineselectricalsub -assembliesand prepares documentation drawings for assembly lines, which produces all the mechanical components toforma internal company use and equipment boards used in the company's products. finished system. instructionmanuals.Thedrafting

114Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 The Revox 9. Studer Revox Quality-A fully professional machine in every respect, Automation Advantage the PR99 Replay Only features die- cast aluminum alloy chassis and head - block, servo -controlled capstan motor, The new Revox PR99 Playback Only preserts a ten point program contactless full logic switching, and a for more cost-effective broadcast automation. Studer -made play head. Careful Ger- man craftsmanship shows in meticu- lous attention to every detail. 10. Attractive Pricing-Best of all, the 1. Compatible with Existing Sys- new PR99 Playback Only actually costs less than last year's best-selling tems-The PR99 Playback Only is fully reproducer. So before you order an au- compatible with practically every exist- tomation system or replace your pres- ing broadcast automation system. In ent decks, call or write for more details. many cases it can be swapped for ex- 8. One Plug Does All-A single Cannon You'll find that the Revox Automation isting decks in a matter of minutes. multipin connector carries all the audio, Advantage was well worth the wait. status, and remote signals. These signals may also be accessed through parallel XLR and DIN connectors. REVOX Studer Revox America, Inc. 1425 Elm Hill Pike 0 Nashville, Tennessee 37210 1615) 254-5651

of 1. SO 0°. 2. Front Panel Controls-Immediate oso AO sys access to repro levels, EOM stop delay 'OP 10 00 r time, and treble Ea for both speeds. 10 lin 10 Mode switch selects track 1, track 2, 00 le 0 OP 0 I. OS Pie mono, or stereo; a calibrate/uncalibrate OP0 SO000 button switches from front panel r00 00 00SO00 adjustable output to standard OP0 -00 reference level. 00 0°. 0ter..OPi0 3. EOM Stop Delay-Adjustable from 0 0 to 24 seconds. Front panel indicator OI°. 00° I° illuminates when 25 Hz signal present. 0OM 01.0 op : op 4. Switchable Sensor Circuit-The 1.1 OW I. 00 25 Hz sensor circuit may be switched /0 11.OP out of the signal path to allow extended ° OPNO ° O P SO bass response. 000SO .. 5. Easy Maintenance-Modular plug-in 6. s011aSO OP 10 °0 0 circuit boards make servicing a breeze. 10 Most parts subject to wear are easily I O accessible and quickly replaceable. - 6. Lightweight and Compact- Weight is a mere 40 pounds. Front panel dimensions are 19" x 153/4"; depth is 8". Rack mount flange is standard. 7. All Formats-Choose mono or 2 -track stereo; 3.75/7.5 or 7.5/15 ips speed combinations.

circle (4a) on Reply Card A cartridge tape machine is aligned and department also prepares all circuit tested for proper performance (left). Cart board artwork. machines are cycled to simulate normal use. Customer service The customer service department works closely with the engineering and production departments on any problemsthatcustomers may experience in the field. Customer service is an important part of any broadcast equipment manufacturing operation. When a problem occurs at a station, it is rarely a minor event. Radio and TV engineers require, and demand, a high level of support from the factory because of the need forcontinuous,uninterruptedper- formance fromallequipment. The ability to react quickly to a customer's need for information or replacement parts is a key part of this support. Fieldserviceengineerscanoften assist station personnel in preparing a problem over the phone, or at least direct the engineer to the probable cause. Future plans The company has a number of items on the "front burner," including expansion of current product lines and At the medium- and low -power transmit- the introduction of new ones. Ex- tersystem assemblyarea,sub- pected soon are a new modular audio assemblies and mechanical hardware console,10kW FM transmitter, AM are combined with wiring harness to Techniciansadjusta 300W dual stereoexciter and multichannel TV form the finished unit. transmitter before performance testing. sound generator. I *))))l APHEX SYSTEMS LTD PRESENTS THE COMPELLOR

THE MOST ACCLAIMED COMPRESSOR/LEVELER/PEAK LIMITER "Phenomenal Performance" "The best thing I can say. is that "It you are looking for level correction "Clean and tree from ringing and over- you can't hear it work." without any other sonic effect, the Com- shoot... have not seen this kind of action Barry Victor peller is the only device I know that in an audio signal level control device of Broadcast Consultant does the job." any type...so transparent as to induce David J. Holman doubt that it was, indeed. working." Producer; Engineer Peter Butt Recording Engineer' Producer "Unbelievable!" "I don't have to do anything anymore. "Invisible Compression" The output stays where I set it." "My station is Jock -Proof" ,\Ian Davis Dave Wink, Ch. AudioEng. Herb Squire Total Access Recording Playboy ChthAtlantic City WHN.AM, Neu York

Aphex Systems Limited II 13340 Saticoy St. - North Hollywood, California 91605 - (818) 765-2212 - TWX: 910-321-5762

Circle (75) on Reply Card 116 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Stereo Nis the one to watch. Flash. Stereo TV is the hot We signed on seven Stereo TV Trans- topic at the 1984 Consumer Elec- years ago. mitters. Right now. tronics Show in Chicago. From NEC Flash. Every major TV set man- Stereo TV may be hot, but it's ufacturer plans to put multichannel nothing new at NEC. Stereo TV is just a matter of units on the street by 1985. You see, we prototyped it way when. So what can you do now? Flash. NBC announces The To- back in 1969. And signed on with Well, you could buy unproven night Show and Friday Night Vid- our first multichannel transmitter technology. And pray that you don't eos will soon be recorded in stereo. in 1977. pay for trial and error. Sooner and Flash. ABC tests bilingual And since then, we've installed later. broadcasts of The Fall Guy in more than 100 stereo TV transmit- Or, you can call NEC toll -free at Spanish markets; ratings soar. ters in Japan and Australia. With 1-800-323-6656. We have a full line Flash. NEC introduces VHF the same proven technology found of multichannel transmitters, with and UHF transmitters with full in more than 1,400 NEC transmit- single output powers up to 35 kW, ters around the world. stereo sound. that we'd love to show you. So now, as America moves into In 1977. You see, we're the one to watch stereo, NEC stands ready to offer in stereo television. Because we you this exciting new technology. already have been for NEC Tested. Tenured. And fine-tuned. seven years. IMAGINE WHAT WE'LL DO FOR YOU NEC America, Inc., Broadcast Equipment Division, 130 Martin Lane, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007, in Illinois312-640-3792. 650-8416

Circle (45) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 117 Tiziblealooting

RF power amplifiers

By Clarence Daugherty, senior broadcast technology instructor, Harris Broadcast Group, and Jerry Whitaker, radio editor

Our examinationof PA platewelded to the mouth and the coolingcone and cylindrical metal base give overloadproblemscontinuesthis fins silver soldered or welded to thethe assembly low lead inductance and month, with a look at the theory ofoutside of the assembly (Figure 1). RF resistance. operation of tetrode tubes commonly The lower half of the anode contact A cutaway view of the plate and used in radio and TV transmitters. Ef-ring is bonded to the base ceramic sceencircuit (Figure 3) shows the con- ficient and accurate troubleshootingspacer. At the time of assembly, the centricconstruction that resembles a requires an understanding of the prin-two halves of the ring are weldedcoaxial transmission line. ciples upon which proper operation oftogether. the equipment is based. Usually the The currentpath mostcriticalpartofastation's Screen grid structure The plate -to -screen circulating cur- transmission system is the RF chain in Thescreengridconsistsofa rent of the tetrode is shown in Figure the transmitter, specifically the powernumber of vertical supports fastened3. As an example, consider that the amplifier stage. The heart of any PAto a metal base cone. The lower end ofoutput RF current is generated by an circuit is the power tube itself. the cone is bonded to the screen con-imaginary current generator located The most common FM and TV tact ring, as shown in Figure 2. The in-between the plate and screen grid. transmitting tube is the tetrode. Anductance of the individual vertical The RF current travels along the in- understanding of how the tube works supports is reduced by building theside surface of the plate structure, begins with an understanding of its screen grid using a large number ofbecause of the skin effect; through the component parts. the conductors in parallel. ceramic at the lower half of the anode The vertical supports are held rigidcontact ring; around the anode con- Anode (plate) structure by horizontal rings welded to the sup-tact ring; across the bottom of the fins; The plate of a tetrode power tube ports and a metal cap on the top of the and to the band around the outside of resembles a copper cup with the up- assembly. The detailed constructionthe fins. The RF current then flows per half of the plate contact ring of the screen contact ring, metal basethrough the plate bypass capacitor to the RF tuned circuit and load, and returns to the screen grid. The return current travels through thescreenbypasscapacitorand screen contact ring, up the screen base cone to the screen grid and the imaginary generator. The screen grid has RF current returning toit, but because of the COOLING COOLING assembly's low impedance, the screen FIN PLATE FIN grid is effectively at RF ground poten- ASSEMBLY (ANODE) ASSEMBLY tial.The RF currentgenerator, therefore, appears to be feeding an open-ended transmissionlinecon- sisting of the anode (plate) assembly LOWER and the screen assembly. The RF HALF UPPER HALF voltage developed by the anode is UPPER HALF 1 OF ANODE OF ANODE determined by the plate impedance OF ANODE CONTACT CONTACT CONTACT RING RING RING Figure 1.A cutaway view of the anode structure of a tetrode RF power amplifier tube of the type used in FM and TV transmitters.

118 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 OPTIMOD-AM STEREO. In the past, if you were considering In contrast, our competitor performs this C-QUAM.AM stereo, the exciter manufac- control by means of limiters in the L and R turer may have suggested a certain audio channels. If the limiters are not coupled, processor. But now you have a choice- this can cause a stereo image shift similar after extensive testing in Motorola's lab, to "platform motion" And this circuit can OPTIMOD-AM Model 9100A/2 with the punch "holes" in both stereo and mono new #1-S Stereo Compatibility Card has when the limiters act. been fully approved by Motorola for use in As usual, there's no C-QUAM installations. There are already free lunch. But scores of 9100A/2's driving C-QUAM exci- Orban's system fully ters. Now that Motorola is telling its custom- protects your mono ers and using the 9100A/2 to demonstrate listeners, while their system at trade shows and technical our competitor's exhibitions, we expect OPTIMOD-AM to doesn't. become an even more popular choice for C-QUAM stereo. (In addition to C-QUAM, the versatile 9100A/2 can be configured to operate ideally with any of the other Preemphasis AM stereo systems.) OPTIMOD-AM offers a continuously - Even with their four -band compressor, OPTIMOD-AM: variable front -panel HF EQ control. This the competition can't match this level of con- The Original AM Stereo Matrix boosts high frequencies to extend the effectivesistency because of their compressor and Processor bandwidth of the receiver, providing a sound crossover design. The longer you listen, Our 9100A/2 was designed from the more competitive with FM. Its curves were the more you'll appreciate OPTIMOD-AM's ground up for the matrix (sum -and -differ- computer -optimized on the basis of a two- superiority ence) processing that is necessary to achieve year engineering study of typical auto, table, Protecting Your Investment full loudness on mono radios. So we only and portable radios. With the introduction of We like to think that Orban earned its need to use two carefully -harmonized AGC new wider -band AM stereo radios, we made #1 place in audio processing with a solidly - stages from input to output: a slow "hand on available three plug-in modules which can engineered and superb -sounding product the pot" AGC, and a six -band limiter with change the family of curves produced by the line which is backed with ten years of qual- patented distortion -cancelled multiband HF EQ control to suit the needs of your tar- ity, reliability, and customer service-plus clipper. The result? Competitive loudness is get audience. In addition, we provide a fully -the best manuals and documentation in the complemented by uncanny smoothness and parametric BASS EQ control. industry. Plug-in construction naturalness. Pumping and other processing The competition offers an EQ control on cost updates as AM stereo technology artifacts are below perceptibility. And effi- their matrix processor which provides only a advances. All these factors combine to pro- cient single -chassis card -cage construction single curve family of unspecified origin. If tect your substantial investment in AM assures easy circuit board access without you use their four -band compressor, you alsostereo processing-for C-QUAM, or any removing the unit from the rack. get a four -band graphic -type equalizer. other system. In contrast, the competition added a matrix We believe that most stations do not want Fighting The FM Challenge processor onto an existing non -matrix system. or need excessive numbers of equalization Your FM competition is after your audi- There are four boxes, four power supplies, controls which, if misadjusted, can easily ence share. OPTIMOD-AM offers a remark- and up to six stages of AGC in cascade. produce colored, honky, unnatural, and ably favorable tradeoff between loudness and One large board is used per box, making fatiguing sound. OPTIMOD provides controlsprocessing artifacts, plus smoothness, con- updates and repairs inconvenient. Is it any to get the sound right-not controls to lead sistency, and a bright, open sound that holds wonder that this system not only introduces you astray. its own against FM stereo-on real -world more processing artifacts, but is also sub- AM radios. stantially costlier than OPTIMOD-AM? But if your situation demands a broader equalization range, you can combine our When you add it all up, it becomes clear Single -Channel Modulation Control 622B stereo Parametric Equalizer with that there's really only one choice for AM To prevent distortion in C-QUAM receivers, OPTIMOD-AM to create an integrated Stereo processing: OPTIMOD-AM 9100A/2. Motorola recommends limiting single -channel system with far more powerful equaliza- -Robert Orban modulation to 75% negative. In published tion capabilities than the competition- advertising, our competitor has falsely at about the same cost as our competitor's Try it yourself. claimed that our system works by switching processor alone!* Ask your Dealer if he can provide to mono under single -channel conditions. Consistency a No -Obligation evaluation In fact, we perform as much control as pos- demonstration in your station. sible by L and R clipping. Distortion is pre- Many consultants now believe that one vented by a variable -blend circuit which of the keys to a polished, professional, audience -building sound is consistency in texture reduces L -R gain as necessary to prevent Orban Associates Inc. overdriving the clippers. On most program and tonal balance from source to source. OPTIMOD-AM's six -band limiter with 645 Bryant Street material, the effect is inaudible. On material San Francisco, CA 94107 steep -slope crossovers provides this consis- with extreme stereo separation, image width Telex: 17-1480 is slightly reduced. However, the signal nevertency automatically-laborious re -equalization and processing in the production studio are Toll Free: (800) 227-4498 becomes mono, or even close to it. And In California: (415) 957-1067 sound on mono radios is never audibly almost never required. affected. Because most of your diary -holders *Based on manufacturer's List Prices, 12/84 will be listening in mono for some time to C-QUAM. IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK come, we think this point is crucial. otban OF MOTOROLA. INC. ORBAN PROCESSING KEEPS YOU COMPETITIVE Ci-cle(111) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 119 ....- METAL CAP Figure 2. The screen grid assembly of a typical tetrode PA tube.

CYLINDRICAL SCREEN GRID (Zr) presented to the anode by the CYLINDRICAL resonant circuit and its load. METAL BASE LOWER HALF /OF ANODE Control grid and cathode LOWER HALF_ .0" CONTACT RING OF ANODE The control grid and cathode CONTACT RING assembly are also cylindrical and con- ."---CERAMIC centric. The control grid is built in a BASE manner similar to the screen grid, but CONE slightly smaller in height and dia- SCREEN CONTACT BRING meter. Figure4shows the anode, screen grid, control grid and cathode assemblies as they are located in the tetrode tube. "David Smith of Editel, NY states in ar intercompany Telcom C4 Figure 4 also illustrates the current Testreport "The results a -le nothing short Di amazing but the path of an RF generator (the RF driver numbers will best speak for themselves." Signal to noise an Ampex stage output) feeding a signal into the VPR-2 improved from 51dB to 77dB and of a Sony BVI-i 2000 from grid/cathode circuit. The grid/cathode 52dB to 80dB using Telcom C4" assembly resembles a transmission line whose termination is the RF resistance of the electron stream within the tube. The outer contact ring for the cathode heater assembly makes up the inner conductor of a transmission line formed by the cathode and control grid assemblies. The filament wires are returned down the center of the cathode assembly.

Cathode bypassing For the tube input circuit to work correctly, the cathode must have a low VTRs RF impedance to ground. This cath- r typeB ode bypassing can be accomplished in todays several ways. Mostof c4 Below 30MHz, the cathode can be withattain grounded to RF voltages by simply areequipped bypassing the filament connections with capacitors, as shown in Figure 5 (a). Above 30MHz, this technique does not work'well because of the stray inductance of the filament leads. Notice that in Figure 5 (b), the filament leads appear as RF chokes, preventing the cathode from being placedat RF ground potential. This causes negative feedback and affects the efficien- Users already selected telcom c4 are avail able for 1, 2 (stereo) and cy of the input and output circuits. as the most: suitable NR System 3 cnannels, fo- simultaneous In Figure 5 (c), the cathode circuit is for type C VTRs. The new tekom encode/decode and automatic configuredtosimulatea1/2 -wave c4 units are now designed to switching. transmissionline. The lineisby- improve the sound of type C Furthermore, telcom c4 is used in passed to ground with large value VTRs. tekom c4 creates lower conrection with All?s, Ine and capacitors1/2 -wavelength from the distortion from tape, better satellte transmission. Don't you center of the filament (at the filament crosstalk attenuation, improved also need super sound for stereo voltage feed point). This transmission line RF shortisrepeated1/2 -wave- headroom plus a 25 dB gain in Or copying? length away at the cathode (heater dynamic range. No line-up pro- Just contact us for further infor- assembly) and effectively places it at cedures. tekom c4 units for VTRs mation. ground potential. Because1/2 -wavelength bypassing isusually Contact: bulkyandexpensive, Telecon.rnunizations transmitters are often designed using Solway Inc, P.O. Box 7647, 41%..T "slactLicl-tentechiik CmbH certainvaluesof inductance and Hollywood, FL 33081 _indeneff S:r. 15 D-334) Walter butte' capacitance in the filament/cathode Phone (305) 962-8650, Telex 467257 ,honef53314 83-0 Te ex 95E51 ant d circuit to create an artificial transmis- sionlinethatwillsimulatea Circle ;112) on Reply Card

120 Broadcast Engineering January 1985 Figure 3.The path for RF circulating cur- RF CONSTANT CURRENT GENERATOR rent between the plate and screen in a tetrode PA tube. PLATE BYPASS 1/2 -wavelength shorted transmission CAPACITOR line. Figure 5 (b) reveals that the inductance and capacitance of the filament circuitcan resemble anartificial ANODE CONTACT RING RF CIRCULATING transmission line of 1/2 -wavelength, if CURRENT PATH TUNED (DOTTED LINE) 1.1OUTPUT the values of L and C are properly CERAMIC CIRCUIT selected. Ifyou have a VHF tube -type am- SCREEN plifier whose grid/cathode circuit is GRID SUPPORT not the concentric transmission line SCREEN BYPASS CAPACITOR CERAMIC STRUCTURE type, you may have had to select SCREEN CONTACT RING various lengths, widths and numbers of conductors (inductors in this case) connecting the cathode to the bypass capacitors. You have bent, shaped and changed those conductors until the amplifier achieved the proper oper- LEASE ating parameters, including efficiency, grid current and RF input drive. You were, in effect, resonating the SUBCARRIER cathode circuittoplaceitat RF ground. Most of these adjustments on your ACCESS FOR transmitter were performed by factory test or field service personnel. They need not be readjusted unless the tube PROFIT manufacturer changes the internal design of the tube, or you change the transmitter's operating frequency. If the operating frequency is changed, notify the manufacturer's field service for assistance. Troubleshooting suggestions Of all the problems that can occur in atransmitter,probablythebest known -and most feared-is the plate supplyoverload.Occasionalplate trip -offs (one or two a month) are not generally cause for concern. Most of these occurences can be attributed to power line transients. More frequent trip -offs require a closer inspection of the transmission system.Forthe purposes of our Introducing the SignLine Airwave use of Subcarrier Access to insure timely com- discussion, we will assume that the CommunicationSystem.When munication. plate supply overload occurs frequent- seconds are critical and speed of SignLine sets up the system, installs a tele- ly enough to make continued opera- message transfer is as important phone modem and SCA modulator. You provide tion of the transmitter difficult. as accuracy. transmitter access. You retain all profit gener- The firststep in any transmitter With your Subcarrier Access, the ated from leasing. troubleshootingprocedureisto SignLine system transfers up-to- SignLine Gives You More switch the system to local control so the-minute messages across the airwaves to SignLine displays lo- Yes!I'm interested in more information about that you, not the studio operator, have cated throughout the area. ESignLine Airwave Communication control over the unit. This is impor- Citywide police tracking, traffic SignLine product line tant for safety reasons. reporting,sportsand The second step is to switch the accident Name newscasting, stock market trading, Phone transmitter's automatic recycle circuit hospital emergency alerts - there Business off. While troubleshooting, you do not are many applications where com- Address want the transmitter to cycle through munication networks require the City/State/Zip an overload any more times than are Mail to: SignLine, P.O. Box 1270 necessary. Such action only increases BE -15Cedar Rapids, IA 52406 the possibility of additional component damage. Other preliminary steps in trouble- OZEI --111a;. shooting include: Electronic Message Dispays by liSsivenwai or call toll free Determining the exact fault condi- Coca, Rados IowaUSA 800-553-7901 tion and failure history.. Circle (69) on Reply Card

January 1985Broadcast Engineering 121 Figure 4. The internal arrangement of the anode, screen, controlgrid and INSIDE SURFACE OF cathode assemblies of a tetrode power ANODE ASSEMBLY tube. Also shown is a simplified RF input SCREEN ASSEMBLY circuit. (The control grid bias supply is PLATE CONTACT RING GRID ASSEMBLY not shown.) ..---- CERAMIC

SCREEN CONTACT RING Checking all low voltage systems CERAMIC for proper operation. Inspecting the internal transmitter CONTROL GRID CONTROL circuitry. CONTACT RING GRID INPUT RF CERAMIC --... CIRCUIT DRIVE Thesestepswere discussed in detail CATHODE ASSEMBLY in the December "Troubleshooting" RF CIRCULATING CURRENT PATH (DOTTED LINE) OUTER HEATER CONTACT RING INNER HEATER CONTACT RING (page 92). If plate overload problems persist, consider these suggestions: Confirm that the problem is not caused by an antenna or transmission linefailure.(SeetheNovember "Troubleshooting," page124,for more information.) Determine whether the plate supply overload is RF- or dc -based. With the plate off, switch the exciter off. Bring THE ONLY up the high voltage (plate supply). If the overload problem persists,the failure is based in the dc high voltage FULL CAPABILITY power supply. If the problem disap- pears, the failure is centered in the VIDEO NOISE METER transmitter'sRFchain. It is important that proper bias is Model UPSF2 present on all vacuum tube stages of the transmitterRFchain when this test is performed. The PA tube bias .45) VIDEOSTORSPANNUNOSMESSER VIDEO NOISE ME TER UPSET supply is usually switched on with the I filaments, and can generally be read WPM! 0.11.01111 S from the front panel of the transmitter. Proper bias should be confirmed

1 .1.1. f--1 before applying high voltage with no ) LITJ excitation. ap.f) It is also important that the exciter

I tit is switched off while the high voltage isoff. Removing excitation from a transmitter while it is on the air can result in the generation of large tran- DUAL -STANDARD: 1.1,P automatically determines standard (525/625 lines), identifies it on the sient overvoltages that can cause arc- display, and performs the appropriate ing or component damage. measurement. If the overload is based in the high voltage dc power supply, shut down Measurement Domain: Full -field, any individually thetransmitterandcheckthe selected line, any individual "spot" (4 µs x 10 lines) schematic diagram for the location in the circuit of the plate overload sensor IEEE -488 (GPIB) Bus Compatible relay (or comparator circuit). This will Video Level Measurement: Luminance -bar show you within what limits compo- amplitude, or individual test -points selectable nent checking will need to be done. in steps of 1µs (range: -500 to +1500 mV) The plate overload sensor is usually found in one of two locations: the PA Noise Measurement: Luminance (peak or rms) cathode dc return or high voltage or Chrominance (AM or 4tM). Range: 0-80 dB, power supply negative connection to referenced to 714 mV (525 lines), 700 mV (625 ground. Transmitters using a cathode lines), or actual luminance -bar amplitude. overloadsensorgenerally havea Send for our new catalog separate high voltage dc overload sensor in the plate power supply. A sensor in the cathode circuit will substantially reduce the area of component checking required. A plate overload with no excitation in such an ROHDE & SCHWARZ arrangement would almost certainly 13 Nevada Drive, Lake Success, N.Y. 11042 (516)488-7300 Telex 96-0072 indicate a PA tube failure, because of

Circle (80) on Reply Card

122 BroadcastEngineeringJanuary 1985 either an inter -electrode short inside ponents in the dc plate supply: all oil - forindicationsofoverheatingor the tube or a loss of vacuum in thefilledcapacitorsforsignsof failure. A series resistor that shows tube. overheatingorleakage;allfeed - signs of overheating can be an indica- Do not operate the transmitter whenthrough capacitors for signs of arcing tion that the associated filter capacitor the PA tube is out of its socket. This isor other damage; the dc plate blocking has failed. not an acceptable method of determin-capacitor for indications of insulation If the plate overload trip -off occurs ing whether a problem exists with thebreakdown or arcing; all transformers only at elevated voltage levels, ohm- PA tube. Substitute a spare PA tubeand chokes for signs of overheating or meter checks will not reveal the cause instead. winding failure; transient suppression of the problem. It may be necessary, Operating a transmitter with the PAdevices for indications of overheating therefore, to troubleshoot the problem tube removed can result in damage inor failure;all bleeder resistors forusing the process of elimination. This other tubes in the transmitter when signsofoverheating;any surge -aspect of transmitter troubleshooting the filaments are on, and damage to limiting resistors placed in series with will be discussed in the February the driver tubes and driver output/PAfilter capacitors in the power supply column. I :1:)))11 input circuit components when the high voltage is on.

FILAMENT ASSEMBLY

FILAMENT RF CHOKES /ASSEMBLY FORMED BY LEAD IN' CTANCE

RF GROUND

DC GROUND RF SHORTED TO GROUND=iMF-

FILAMENT DC GIXIUND TRANSFORMER FILAMENT - ^Yv-Nes

A. GROUNDING B. GROUNDING C. GROUNDING THE CATHODE THE CATHODE THE CATHODE BELOW 30MHz ABOVE 30MHz VIA A 1/2.WAVE TRANSMISSION LINE MAXERASr Figure 5. Three common methods of providing RF bypassing of the cathode of a tetrode PA tube. Audio/Video Tape Degausser Erases any width tape, on any diameter reel and even on high Usean ohmmeter to check for short coercivity tapes. MaxERASE-16A is truly a universal circuits in the power supply. Remove audio/video tape degausser plus it has some outstanding all power from the transmitter and advantages. discharge all filter capacitors before beginning any troubleshooting work MaxERASE-16A erases thoroughly, evenly and prevents inside the unit. When checking for "spoking." A patented 30 -second, one -pass erasure is short circuits with an ohmmeter, take achieved with the most intense magnetic field available. into account the effects that bleeder MaxERASE-16A even erases a 1500 Oersted tape resistorsandhighvoltagemeter completely in a single pass. multiplier assemblies can have on resistance readings. Christie 'Electric Most access panels on broadcast Communications Equipment Civ. transmitters use an interlock system 20665 Manhattan Place 4.01. that will remove the high voltage and Torrance, Calif. 90501 ground the high voltagesupplies 213 320-0808 when a panel is removed. For the pur- 800 421-2955 poses of ohmmeter tests, these interlocks may have to be temporarily defeated. Never defeat any interlocks unless all ac power has been removed from the transmitter and allfilter capacitors have been discharged using the grounding stick supplied with CHRISTI the transmitter. Following thepreliminary ohm- ELECTRIC CORP. meter tests, check the following com- Circle (73) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 123 Strictly TV the lack of a color subcarrier in the Film Video Continued from page 8 transmission path. Whether 3.58MHz, Live Sound Broadcast 4.43MHz or some other number, the vertical interval. The method allows a subcarrier impairs the picture. receiver to lock onto a signal with But color difference signals, such as Before You Buy Digital carrier -to -noiseratiostoOdB,al- Y, R -Y and B -Y, allow relatively easy though typical CNR values would conversion to any of the primary color LISTEN generally be between 10dB to 14dB. TC-2-DELAY PROCESSOR-STUDIO OR STAGE- standards. Subcarriers are needed by Cleannatural sound Over 2 lull seconds Intended for use in the 12GHz Ku- current receivers, but can be inserted delayFull 16KhZ bandwidth Bandspectrum, Simultaneous positive and negative flanging B -MAC allows in receiving equipment. At the same Pitch -controlled flanging and chorusing smaller receiving dish antennas, a time, VCRs and home computers will Triple tracking through use of second delay output compatibility Independent control of initial echo and repeat del i1 with some standard lead to more RGB or other component times NTSC or PAL receiving equipment at receiver monitors by consumers. Real-time display at delay times in all modes consequently reduced system costs, Transmissions via satellite will un- TC-3-PRE-REVERB DIGITAL PROCESSOR- addressing up to 4 billion individual Studio enhancement of mechanical reverb or stand alone doubtedlycreate some ideological studio quality digital delay receivers and multiple channels of Selectable delay times in one millisecond increments. problems, because the signals are not up to 260 milliseconds Dolby digitally processed sound. geopolitically bounded. Multichannel 20KhZ band width The scrambled signal uses encryp- 90Db dynamic range audio, however, suggests a multiplici- Quilt in mixing and regeneration controls tion to completely disrupt unauthor-ty of language could be carried with TC-4-BROADCAST DELAY PROCESSOR- ized reception of audio and data. the video program to ease the interna- State-of-the-art advancement in profanity delays Dynamic line translation of video 6.8 seconds delay time tional problems. 15KhZ bandwidth creates a totally unrecognizable image Enhanced visual imaging is also a 85013 dynamic:cange on the screen. 0pIKMal-de140uitcl out card allows fast memory dump possibility with all but A -MAC. By as welV.'satteLlerp.buildout to allow starting in The 31.4kHz sampled digital audio near. AOIVW;... making more efficient use of the spec- uses delta modulation for a dynamictrum already allotted to a TV channel, PROCESSOR- range of more than 84dB from each First de6s intended tor permanent (nstaliation that features- more picture information may be 208h/ bandwidth channel. Any audio channel may betransmitted at least to appropriately Up to one second delay lime converted into a 320kb/s data channel. Expandability tOr more outputs equipped receivers. Enhanced per- 90Db dynamic range The picture may also be replaced with formance, however, should be a com- cAu.-800-423-1082 digital information for an additionalmon occurrence as MAC transmis- CostiOualityrPerformance 10.8Mb/s data capability. Tomorrow s Leader Today' sions become a reality.

1000 S. Bertelsen Rd Why components? Suite 114 Using components for large area Editor's note: Eugene, Oregon 97402 Figures provided courtesy of Digital Video Systems transmissions has various advantages Division, Scientific Atlanta. over NTSC, PAL and SECAM. One is :14)}1 Circle (121) on Reply Card Introducing the ultimate FM Exciter! Continental's Type 802A The exciter may be used as a low Case design is very clean: front panel solid-state FM Exciter power transmitter. analog or digital meters and LED offers broadcasters Special circuits protect amplifier from readouts give clear, accurate mismatched loads. Automatic power indications of system status and unmatched performance. control maintains output at preset performance. A digital LED display Modulation performance of this new levels from 5 watts up to the shows true peak level of modulating exciter exceeds all currently known or maximum level. signalin5% increments with an marketedFMexciters. accuracy of better than ± 2%. The Type 802AFMExciter accepts No tuning adjustments are required composite baseband signal from a Modular subassemblies may be other than selecting the operating stereo generator, STL system or removed from the exciter without frequency. monaural and SCA programming. removing the exciter from the transmitter. The exciter moves Power output is 50 watts into a 50 A digitally -programmed, dual -speed, on slides for easy access ohm load at all FM frequencies. phase -locked frequency synthesis from front of transmitter. system generates exciter frequency. Call us for specs and prices. ©1983 Continental Electronics Mfg. Co/5286

Continental Electronics Mfg. Co Box 270879 Dallas Texas 75227(214) 381-7161 Circle (74) on Reply Card

124 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 AM Stereo Update This will go unnoticed by listeners using stereo receivers, but will result Continued from page 12 in dead air over a monophonic receiver. Because the vast majority of an oscilloscope are required. Highthe AM audience will be listening in quality industry standard test tapesmono for some time to come, make for reel-to-reel and cartridge machines the maintenance of proper phasing a are a must. The proper alignment fix-top priority. tures and gauges are also required for maintenance of source gear. Audio processing Figure 1 shows a typical test setup Another area of studio operation for a reel-to-reel or cartridge record-that deserves close attention is audio ing machine. Proper polarity must beprocessing. It is common for stations observed on all input and output con- to use an automatic gain control unit nections. Figure 2 shows the basicwith a long-time constant at the studio oscilloscope displays that will be seento maintain a reasonably high overall when checking the alignment of amodulation level to the STL system. stereo source. To preserve the stereo effect, how- The scope photos and test equip-ever, the dynamic properties of the ment hookup shown in Figures 1 andleft and right channel must be closely 2 apply to basically any 2 -channel matched. This can be accomplished audio system. For example, the unit by linking the two automatic gain con- under test shown in the diagram could trol systems. Nearly all modern AGC be a stereo telephone company loop, units can be strapped for this type of 2 -channel STL or even the entireoperation. transmission chain. If the two channels are not strapped, Although themost common more attenuation at a given instant monitoring arrangement for a stereo may occur on one channel, than on station (AM or FM) isapair ofthe other. Therefore, under center loudspeakers-one for the left channelchannel program conditions, aleft - and one for the right channel-provi- right imbalance will be created. This sions should be made to monitor thewill cause the sound field to move sum (L + R) signal at the operatingback and forth in a sideways fashion position.A reversed -phasemono- in a stereophonic receiver, and may phonic source will result in low (ideal- causelisteningvariationsina ly zero) modulation of the L + R audio monaural receiver. channel. 1* -)))11 Circle (85) on Reply Card Affordable Random Access Video Cart Systems Cost effective, modular, and expandable

Component Switching and Processing Modified 3/4" U-Matic Players with Y-C/DOC outputs or 1/2" Type M with YIQ outputs are switched through our vertical interval Matrix Any Tape Format Switcher into a MINS SECS FRAMES Choose from 1" Type C, 3/4" U-Matic, component MRS 1/2" Type M, or any combination. TBC. Automatic 0001, 12 15 Directory 1"ii "s"o0 Or more with 68K Reading V A, A2 A, REC,INS FLY 1000 Multi -Event Cassettes are Program- loaded randomly into any empty mer and deck. They rewind automatically to EVENTSDisc Drive. the head and the directory, contain- The computer identifies, searches ing a 4 -digit reel ID number with out, and activates tape segments to precise start and finish times cf each be cued and aired in the order segment according to their location scheduled. with reference to SMPTE time code is read into memory. The status indi- Lease Plans Available cating ID found and VTR location is displayed on the terminal. TM Send for Brochure Lake Systems Corporation, 55 Chapel Street, Newton, LAKE SYSTEMS CORPORATION MA 02160 617/244-6881 Prices Start at $89,900 © Lake Systems Corp 1983

Circle (79) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering125 FCC Update COX THE ENCODER COMPANY Continuedfrom page 14 Operationnotauthorizedin license. The commission hasfound that some stations operate at times and with modes or powers not specified in their station licenses. Prob- lems occur when stations operate New Options: black stretch, component video inputs. non -directionally when directional operation is specified or neglect to There's a lot more to encoding than taking a three wire signal and combining it change power at sunset or sunrise as into one. COX, the world's foremost encoder manufacturer has elevated the called for in the station license. encoding of color primaries to a fine art. With a time tested, no -compromise design, Directionalantennasystemtol- COX has gained the enviable reputation of building encoders by which othersare erance.Some stations inadvertently judged. COX encoders are the choice of manufacturers who lead the industry in violate Section 73.62 of the rules, telecine systems, computer graphics and matting equipment. which requires that antenna base cur- Available in NTSC, PAL, PAL M, SECAM and switchable,multistandard rents and antenna monitor currents versions. For detailed data and our encoder evaluation check list, call: be kept within the allowable 5% EXCLUSIVE NORTH AMERICAN DISTRIBUTOR tolerance. Antenna tower painting and broadcast video systems lighting. Rule violations also occur as 1050 McNicoll Avenue, Agincourt, Ontario M1W 2L8 a result of licensee failure to adequate- Telephone (416) 497-1020Telex 065-25329 ly maintain tower facilities. The con- Circle (81) on Reply Card dition of lighting fixtures required to be illuminated must be inspected once each 24 hours. Alternatively, the lights must be guarded by an automatic indicator of light failure or an automatic device to sound an alarm upon light failure. All towers must be cleaned or repaired as often as necessary to maintain good visibility. Mechanical control devices, indicators and alarm systemsusedtomaintain tower lighting must be inspected for proper functioning at intervals not to exceed three months. Failure or improper For AM. FM, SCA functioning of tower lights must be and TV modulation monitors. recorded in the station log. WHEN ACCURACY COUNTS... COUNT ON... The commission said that licensees Call(215) 687-5550or write for more should regularly review all technical information on Belar AM, FM, Stereo, aspects of their operations and correct SCA and TV monitors. BELAR LCTIRONICSI 1-460 AAAAAA . INC. any violations they find. Should viola- L ANCASTER AVE AT DORSET. DEVON. PA 19333 tions not decrease, the commission Circle (82) on Reply Card said it will increase its enforcement efforts and issue more fines. I *WI

TRIPAKTM 111 V MB Editorial Continued frompage 20 A -= Pat. Pend. t i & from one end of townto the other, is Revolutionary New Concept mi i L J uncomfortable with those who Tubular Case Design S, INC. mathematically examine attributes Virtually indeetructible, and consequences of a 1050 -line TV image. Of the trade organizations, SBE is probably the most available to broadcasters. Each ofthe 85 local SBE chapters holds regular meetings, of- 3928 S. Sepulveda Blvd., feringinformative programson Culver City, CA 90230 technology, operating methods and (213) 391-0491/391-8181 specific product applications. Were Dealer inquiries invited. you there when they explained AM stereo, stereo TV, how to use a spec- Circle (83) on Reply Card trum analyzer or basics of camera lens design? BATTERY POWERED MIXERS SESCOM, INC. 1111 Las Vegas Blvd. North "STEREO SMPTE and AES havelocal j Las Vegas. NV 89101 U.S.A. X48, 12 VOLT chaptersthatareunfortunately ,e4x2-6x2 se COMMUNICATIONS -the audio source FOR ALL OF YOUR AUDIO NEEDS limited to cities where film, video pro- TRANS. IN AND OUT CALL OR SEND FOR A COPY OF OUR CATALOG duction, recording and the perform- AUDIO DEVELOPMENTS CATALOG REQUESTS & ORDERS: (800)634-3457 ing arts are centered. Their meetings 414 N. SPARKS ST. enjoybetterattendancefrom a 818-843-7567 BURBANK, CA 91506 OTHER BUSINESS: (702)384-0003 7WX (910)397-8998 Continued on page128 Circle (107) on Reply Card Circle (117) on Reply Card

126Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 Our cart machineswork theway Arthur does. At various speeds. Ordinarily Arthur runs at 3.75, 7.5 or 15 i.p.s. other machines using a SMPTE controller or a (ideas -per -second). He also has a few unique 9600 Hz -based synchronizer. variations. And so do Fidelipac's new DynamaxTM Vary Speed is just one of many standard CTR100" Series Cartridge Machines. features our new cart machines have. No cart They have a variable speed DC Servo Motor machine comes close to offering what the that will run at 3.75, 7.5 and 15 i.p.s. (inches -per - Dynamax CTR100 Series offers. And the price second). But, the motor can be controlled exter- is right. Substantially lower than the ITC 99B, nally to run at speeds from as much as 30% below for example. each of those speeds to 30% above them. And do it Don't consider buying any machine until without loss of cue tone sensing or clock accuracy. you've invested 15 minutes of your time. Write Music cartridges can be played uptempo. for, and read our new CTR100 Brochure, or call Special effects can be created and pitch controlled. Art Constantine, our VP Sales. You'll be glad And Vary Speed enables you to interlock with you did.

= BROADCAST PRODUCTS BY F1DEUPAC 10- Circle (120) on Reply Card FoelipacCorporal,on 0 PO Box 808 0 Moores!own.N., 08057 0 USA 0 609-235-3900 0 TELEX 710-897-0254 0 Toll Free 800- HOT TAPE Dana max, (AR7'S( N and CTR Pio a re 1 nate ma rAN 4 Eido i pm. (rpara Continued from page126 Join. Attend the meetings. Ask ques- membership mostly fromfilm, tions, if you don't understand. Others CDECORNELL- manufacturing,productioncom- in the audience are in the same situa- DUBILIER panies, recording and the networks. tion. If you disagree, say so. You are Major SMPTE and AES con-going to have to live with the standard ferences, like NAB, provide a chance digital studio interface. Take the op- for a worldwide membership to meet.portunity to understand it. If it doesn't Mica Capacitors They showcase hundreds of productsfit your needs, say so. and are a forum for technical lectures. Are you aware that,asastaff Some of the topics are practical andengineer of an NAB member station, LARGE STOCK tutorial,and many areproduct - your opinions may be voiced to NAB? oriented. Topics may be operating methods, Because time is limited, both seeing technical parameters or other broad- the exhibition and hearing the papers cast business. Have you ever voiced becomes difficult. The grassroots at- your opinion, beyond an occasional tendees will opt for the new products, local criticism of NAB? because they find the papers beyond No doubt your station provided a their understanding and not appli-good bit of expensive air time leading cable to their needs. As a result, worth-up to the1984elections to suggest that while tutorial presentations end uppeople get out and vote. Have you cast VACUUM playing to the manufacturer members your professional vote lately? who already understand the subjects Good engineering is truly a craft, an CAPACITORS and who least need exposure to new art form, if you will. Yet, as most of us technologies, proposed machine con- are not true artists, we may need to trolprotocols and operating discuss the color, line and form of our parameters. business with others to better under- ITTJENNINGS A bond between the two aspects of stand the image we work with. By the industry is possible and necessary, joining and attending a broadcast pro- but it means an effort from both parts. fessional organization, we, too, can SURCOM ASSOCIATES, INC. Solutions are not solely in the laps of help to shape and to strengthen the art the trade organizations. They must 305 Wisconsin Avenue form called broadcasting. Oceanside, California 92054 make their ideas more available to the Without our participation, our skills (619)722.6162 grassroots. But, the grassroots mustmay become obsolete in the face of make themselves available. Serve on a new technologies. Our opinions will Circle (97) on Reply Card committee and let your needs bego unheeded by those who need most known. to hear them. I :I:4))11

The AUTOMATIC UNIVERSAL SURGE PROTECTOR Audio Test System FOR ALL LINE VOLTAGES! Never obsolete! Unique re- settable strapping protects on all power systems-even That Measures... 3-phase-if you should change line voltage. "On" all thetime,to protect constantly. Immediate shipment. Quantity discounts. Money CALL BILL JOHNSON back guarantee. Order today (301) 7781667 Harmonic Distortion Intermodulation Distor- EAGLE HILL ELECTRONICS, INC. Route 2. Box 435-D tion Chestertown, MD 21620 Volts Circle (86) on Reply Card dB Signal + Noise / FREE 32pg Catalog & 50 Audio Video Applic.

Noise Ratio TRAMS, ACM.DEO, .1111 TAPE, VI Wow and Flutter Slar.oi mono ow.Ar^PI LINE.OSC- Stereo Phasing 5 -111/2 -out. 12-1n 4 -out, 15-1,4-oul Differential Gain in Video & Audio Olst Ample. TV Audio & Rind Prod consoles Stereo Channels OPAMP LABS INC (213) 934-3566 "I1033 N Sycamore Av LOS ANGELES CA. 90038

MODEL AT -51 Circle (87) on Reply Card AUDIO TEST SYSTEM Contact Us Now For Complete Details And Descriptive Literature. MASTER DIGITAL TONE GENERATOR PCM synthesized 20-20 KHz

IPUltra stable -low distortion

I Elapsed tune clock MN171-11- r 932 PHILADELPHIA AVE. FOR MASTERING AUTOMATION TAPES SILVER SPRING, MD. 20910 OTOMAC STRUMENTS1301) 589-2662 P In ElELECTRONICS Circle (84) on Reply Card Circle (88) on Reply Card 128 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 associations THE SOURCE SMPTE For allyour equipment needs Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers 862 Scarsdale Ave. Scarsdale, NY 10583 AKG Amperex Ampex 1-914-472-6606 Atlas Audiopok SMPTE concentrates AudioTechnica Belden on components Broadcast Electronics "Components of the Future" is the ti- CRL CSI Crown tle of this year's TV -only SMPTE con- 41,7/;7 ference,with emphasis placed on , Coblewave Systems DBX digital components, analog compo- Deltalab Electro-Voice EXR nents, future technology and stereo Fidelipac Inovonics audio for television. 'Or Along with more than 30 technical Jampro-Cetec JBL Leader presentations, program plans include Instruments Lexicon 3-M a component video signal handling demonstration. The demo revolves Marti Micro-Trak Nortronics around the SMPTE standardsac- Orban Associates Otari Phelps Dcdge Revox Russco tivitiesincomponents andseri- Shure Solo Staco Stanton Surcom Tapco al/parallel technologies. The conference will be Feb. 15-16 at Technics Telex Urei VIF and many more. the Westin St.Francis Hotel, San Call us f-or fast shipments305-651-5752 Francisco. Digitalcomponentpaperswill Tee 51-4733 ELECTREX MIA discuss production switchers, wide - band frame stores and an all -digital ELECTREX COMPANY©1,8 studio.Progress reports on digital 18620 N.E. 2nd Ave., Miami, Florida 33179 VTRs,studiostandardsandthe are SMPTE/EBU controlnetwork Circle (77) on Reply Card planned. A tutorialtitled"Digital Component TV Made Easy for Every- one" will lead the session.

"I NEEDED A REALLY SPECIAL CUSTOM CASE National Association of Broadcasters AND CALZONE CAME THROUGH FOR MU 1771 N Street, NW Washington, DC 20036 1-202-293-3570

NAB engineering sessions Planning has been completed for the 39th annual NAB Engineering Confer- ence. The engineering sessions, to be held in conjunction with the annual NAB convention in Las Vegas, April 13-17, cover a wide range of radio and TV topics, including: AM radio improvement; electronic graphics production; AM/FM allocations;TV multichannel sound transmitter conversion; spectrum management; advanced TV systems developments; This may seem like utter nonsense, but we really can custom-ifi d AM stereo; non -ionizingradiation; arty kind of flight case for your next location shoot_ And we work fast. Our super -tough Escort and Corvoy cases feature Calzones and broadcast auxiliary systems. pate]ted Double -Angle construction to give your most expensive The Saturday technical sessions will be repeated this year because of their and fragile equipment the best protection available today. More of today's production companies, radio!TV/fi_m favorable response at NAB '84.In response to requests from radio and crews and sound contractors depend on 0 TV engineers, special maintenance Calzone to make sure tieir gear arr ves at coca workshops have been scheduled for tl-.e 'ob in perfect working order. Sunday, April 14, the opening day of 225 Black Rock Avenue, Bridgeport, CT 06605 1(800) 243-5152 the exhibits. I *-)))11 Circle (78) on Reply Card

January 1985Broadcast Engineering 129 new products Effectssoftware commodate six entirely different types of batteries, while Picture cropping allows separate size, location and rec- a microprocessor system handles sequenced charging tangular.shape manipulation of key signals derived from and compiles data to analyze the condition of all the bat- NEC America's E -Flex, without altering the video. Cube teries. maker upgrades the Optiflex option, allowing 6 -sided Circle (454) on Reply Card rotating cube effects. Circle (450) on Reply card Digital effects Microtime presents Genesis 1, a cost-effective effects Audio control system using digital techniques for zoom, flip, tumble, The AFD-200 series from Scantex provides audio -follow crop, HIV compression, border, posterize, mosaic, capabilities with eight inputs.Follow, separate and smooth and freeze effects. Composite or component in- editing modes allow the system to replace an expensive puts may be used. audio desk when simple functions are required. Circle (455) on Reply Card Circle (451) on Reply Card Editing workstation Camera light A cinemagraphic editing workstation interfaces to the For attachment directly to a camera with the LS2 EECO EMME editing computer, allowing the editor to Lightstud, the Frezzolini 100W Mini -Fill operates approx- worry about creative editing, not calculations with time imately 25 minutes from one VBSO 12V -4A battery. code numbers. A mouse control unit is used to select Circle (452) on Reply Card functions from a CRT display. Circle (456) on Reply Card Studio camera Ikegami introduces the SC -500 camera for economical Master control studio operation. The 2/3 -inch prism -optic design features Ease of operation is one design criteria for the Robert extensive automatics, including centering, weighed iris, Bosch MCS-2000 master control switcher system. Dual capping, white/black balance and auto black. stereo or four monaural channel capability, auto or Circle (453) on Reply Card manual transitions,6 -wipe pre -programmability and serial communications for machine control are some Battery care system features. GASP stands for charger, analyzer, sequencer and Circle (457) on Reply Card power supply from Christie Electric. The six ports can ac-

AKG has been providing television and radio broadcast engineers with the right microphones to meet their demanding requirements. Now AKG has developed three new professional microphones all built with AKG Nos. reliability and studio quality IC sound. These three low -noise ;condenser microphones meet Ilk very specific needs: the C-535 lkcardioid for hand-held vocals or ck-up, the C-567 mini- -r for uncanny "live"

». intelligibility and the C 568 short shot -gun )11< r that tended ach"with switchable roll - 00\\\\\\**: off to eliminate rumble and wind 11111. noise. fora sound tation... choose

toSAKG

77 Selleck Street Stamford. CT 06902 203 348-2121 k Would You Turn Trader For $500?

you're among the thousands who Your 900 Series sync generator has Ifhave a 900 Series single or dual sync already paid for itself several times over. generator system, it could be worth $500 Now make it pay off one more time by or more. stepping up to the best designed, best For a limited time, we'll buy back your built and most dependable sync genera- single 900 Series system for $500 when tor made. you order our 3252A Master sync gener- Our Grass Valley Group regional rep- ator. And if you choose to purchase a resentatives have the details and are wait- 3252A -SG1 or -SG2 dual system, we'll ing to hear from you. Call today. Tell them buy back your dual 900 Series system you're a trader at heart and ready to cash in for $1000. on the hottest sync generator deal going. You've never seen an offer like this before. Chances are you won't see one again. And you've only got between Grass Valley Group'\1\\-"-- A TEKTRONIX COMPANY now and April 1, 1985 to take advantage P.O. Box 1114, Grass Valley, CA 95945 USA of this unusual deal. Telephone (916) 273-8421 TRT: 160432

OFFICES: Edison, NJ (201) 549-9600; Atlanta, GA (404y 321-4318; Elkhart, IN (219) 264-0931; Arden Hills, MN(612)483-2594; Fort Worth, TX (817) 921-9411; Woodland Hills, CA (818) 999-2303; Palo Alto, CA (415) 968-6680.

Circ e (98) on Reply Card January 1985Broadcast Engineering 131 VCR timebase correction Nova Systems' 510 TBC allows direct color (subcarrier feedback) or heterodyne process modes at the flick ofa Ulinstet switch for non -segmented 3/4 -inch and 1/2 -inch VCRs. A companion model, the 490, offers only the heterodyne System/85 mode for U-matic, VHS and Beta formats. Circle (458) on Reply Card Double Bay Digital disc system Real time record and playback are features of the A62 digital disc unit from Abekas Video Systems. An 8 -inch Console Winchester drive holds 50 seconds and allows looping se- quences to be created. Digital decoded RGB outputs are available from the system, which also allows random ac- Designed to hold cess to any image stored. large special -effects Circle (459) on Reply Card generators and edit MODEL NO. G8513 controllers. Modular Machine control interface RS -422 serial protocolincreasesPanasonic M -format console system provides custom flexibility systems through the AU-IA422 interface adapter, allow- to fit your requirements. Double bay shelf ing M -format recorders to be mixed with 1 -inch and provides adjustable rack space up to 401/8" 3/4 -inch formats in the production system. Circle (460) on Reply Card x 153/4". Designed for hours of comfortable editing and production work. Lighting controller The 2400-D2 desk model controller is available for use For catalog of the most complete line of cus- with the Unitrol SU-1 wireless lighting dimmer from Union Connector. As with the original Digi-1 hand-held tomized video support systems, write or call: controller, the Digi-2 desk unit may service up to 256 in- PHTOLLONE dividual dimmer units without special control wiring. -FREE800-328-2962 Circle (461) on Reply Card THE WINSTED CORPORATION 9801 James Circle Minneapolis. MN 55431 Production switcher Three encoded composite and four component video TELEX:910-576-2740 inputs to the 6116 Crosspoint Latch video mixer includes Circle (101) on Reply Card

Nady VHF. The best sounding wireless R. F. Contactors is now also the most user friendly. 41S GCR-501...$350.00 NADY 601 GCR-201D...$300.00 VHF RECEIVER GC R -201E...$325.00 FOB Buffalo NY. All duties paid NADY 501 VHF RECEIVER- Geleco Electronics Ltd. OUR NEW AFFORDABLE VHF SsaTEM 2 Thorncliffe Park Dr., Unit 28 NADY 701 Toronto, Ont. M4H 1H2, TRUE DIVERSITY RECEIVER (416) 421-5631 Western US Sales Lu 1809 North 107th St., Unit 3.201 1?1 Seattle, Wash 08133, (206) 362-0403. 501 LT TRANSMITTER WITH 8 LAVALIER MICROPHONE ri D. 0 Circle (115) on Reply Card

DIMENSIONS: a8" 2.6'4 z ID" 2. WEIGHT: W ae OZ. 177, O

. 0

6011701 LT Want more TRANSMITTER BODYPACK IS THE SMALLEST IN THE BUSINESS. INCLUDES PHANTOM POWERING information on FOR ANY LAVAUER HANDHELD MICROPHONE/TRANSMITTERS advertised Virtually all of today's major touring entertainers choose Nady V -IF wireless microphone systems. Why? Because Nady consistently delivers the highest quality audio and the most reliable radio transmission in the high SPL environment of the performing stage. We products? Use the pioneered the use of companion for increased dynamic range years ahead of everyone else. And Nady technology continues to set the standard in wireless system performance. Reader Service From our affordable new 501 VHF to the 701 True Diversity system, Wm best sounding wireless is now also in the best format for production -as well as stage-applications. Features Card. indult a versatile audio output arrangement, full LED status indicators. and the smallest, tougliNst transmitter bodypack in the business. Everything you need in a wireless microphone system-plus the legendary Nady sound. Contact your sound equipment supplier and arrange for a Nady VHF demonstration. You'll see-and hear-what we mean. NADY SYSTEMS, INC., 1145 65th STREET, OAKLAND, CA 94608 41E/652-2411 CANADA: HEINL ELECTRONICS. INC. 14 MARY STREET UNIT 1. AURORA. ONTARIO L46.3W8 4161727.1951

Circle (113) on Reply Card

132 Broadcast Engineering January 1985 32 patterns, pattern duration control, border effects, DSK with edging and option RGB chroma-keyer. With sync and subcarrier drives required, the 7209 editor controller -Perfect Timing may be interfaced. Circle (462) on Reply Card Layback recorder MASTER For video post -productionuse, the Studer Revox America A8OVU-3 LB video layback recorder can be converted to recorder and reproduce three audio tracks on CLOCK SYSTEMS either B- or C -type video tapes, with a frequency response of ± 2dB from 30Hz to 18kHz. The unit is compatible with most popular editing controllers. Circle (463) on Reply Card Distribution amplifier One video and stereo audio amplifiers are housed in a single 1 -in, 8 -out 1.75 -inch rack unit. The DA -108 DA from Mycomp Technologies touts a 115dB audio SIN ratio and harmonic distortion <0.005%. Output noise in video is more than 70dB below 1Vp-p with a - 0.5dB response to 10MHz. Circle (464) on Reply Card

Lighting instruments The Litetronic fixtures include an electronic ballast built into the lighting instrument for simplicity. The noiseless, dimmable product may operate with dc as well If seeing the same time on all your clocks is as 50Hz or 60Hz ac power. Remote focus and off -on con- important, select ES 192L -Line Frequency trol are optional. timebase, for only $341. Circle (465) on Reply Card Video keyer If a guaranteed accuracy of three seconds ISO chroma-key for CDL series 80 switchers, from Cen- per month is what you want, choose ES tral Dynamics, includes newly designed RGB and en - 160 -$1,103. How about one second per month? ES 16011 -$1,286. POWER Or National Bureau of Standards accuracy! ES 190 is synchronized to Radio Station PURIFIER WWV to provide a Master with unquestioned accuracy. $1,286 with receiver and antenna. IT'S THE SOLUTION TO INPU I POWERPOLLUTION ESE Master Clock Systemsaresimple We've put an end to dirty input to install. All Masters have a Serial Time Code power. Our Kleanline Electronic Filtering output, able to drive twenty slave displays Systems offer unparalleled protec- without buffering. Slaves range in size from tion against lightning, RFI, EMI, 4" LED to 2" gas discharge displays, priced overvoltage, transients and noise... from $166 to $471. from the tiniest system to broadcast equipment or the largest main frame computer -- and everything in IF YOU ALREADY HAVE A SYSTEM AND between. WANT TO EXPAND IT, get the ES 167A Serial Models are available for 115 to Time Code Generator ($153), then add any 600 volt applications, with AC power handling capabilities from 8 to 2,000 number of our low cost slaves. amperes. And you won't find a comparable Many, many options and accessories are product line -- even at twice the price. available. Ask us about them. Our brochure Don't wait for equipment damage. tells the whole story, but not for long. We Put an end to your power pollution keep adding new products. today. Call LEA for complete information on the Kleanline Power Purifiers and other LEA products.

igo-sAo*

12516 Lakeland Road Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670 (213)944.0916 TWX:910.586.1381 Write, Wire or Call: (213) 322-2136 Circle (100) on Reply Card 142 SIERRA STREIET EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA 90245, Circle (103) on Reply Card coded chroma-keyers. The ISQ (isolated source and fill) feature makes sources such as character generator digital video processors available to all key levels of the series 80 systems. One Circle (466) on Reply Card Zoom lens Weighing only 3.3 pounds, the Angenieux14x9 lens of- Can Cost fers an f/1.6 maximum aperture. The overallzoom range is from 9mm to 126mm, while the MOD figureis 0.8m. DOWNTIME! MountsarecurrentlyavailableforselectedSony, Ikegami, Philips and Hitachi ENGcameras. Circle (467) on Reply Card Overvoltage transients can bring the biggest installation down in Enhanced video converter a microsecond,or damageit For monitor or large displays from NTSCsources, the cumulatively. Hitachi HD -210 converter uses digital technology to increase vertical resolution by about 1.6 times visually by Surge -Master Heavy Duty Power converting scanning lines into non -interlaced signals. Line Protectors give complete protection against all transients. Circle (468) on Reply Card All audio and video transmission Electronic slide tray equipment is vulnerable to transients Images are catalogued and stored on disc ina Vidifont on AC power lines caused by heavy GraphicStore slide tray, with each tray holdingup to 100 motors starting up (even elevators or electronic slides. For use with the Thomson-CSF Vidifont testing your auxiliary power system), V graphic system, a handy indexing system allows fast power company load adjustments- sorting and sequencing of stored images. and of course, lightning. Even if your Circle (469) on Reply Card equipment operates from batteries charged by a UPS, you're not safe. If Slow motion system lightning knocked out your UPS, how Sony's BVH-2700 1 -inch with BVP-3000 records images long could you keep going? at 90 frames/s, but plays back at the normal 30 frame rate, The MCG Surge -Master offers two allowing clear imaging from any fast action stage protection. The first reacts in event. nanoseconds to absorb lesser tran- The Super Motion system was first used for Olympiccov- sients and the leading edges of major erage by ABC-TV. ones. The second stage absorbs the Circle (470) on Reply Card l :I:))))I big ones, and has three modules on each line. So, in the unlikely event that one module should be knocked out, there are still two protecting you. And a system of indicator lights tells ThePORA.BRACETM you not only when a fault has occurred, GRIP - A remarkably but exactly where it is. Modular con- practical heavy-duty struction (and the fact that Surge - Master is connected in parallel) production cart. makes replacement of damaged modules quick and easy. Initial installation requires minimal power interruption. Available with capabilities from 100 to 3000 amps; for 120, 240 and 480 VAC; and for single, 3 -phase, wye and delta power systems. MCG also manufacturers smaller units for protecting individual pieces of equipment. To learn contact Bill Purcell at 516/586-5125 or at the address below.

Protecting industry since 1967 MCC .11 ELECTRONICS, INC. 12 BURT DRIVE DEER PARK, N.Y. 11729 Surge-Master

HEAVY OM

K and H P ucts, Ltd.

AC POWER LIME Box 246, North Bennington PRO, CC TOR Vermont 05257 (802)442-9118 OPTIONAL REMOTE UNIT DUPLICATES FRONT PANEL Circle (102) on Reply Card Circle (99) on Reply Card 134 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 "AFTER SCOUTING THE PROSPECTSWE CHOSE THE CAMERA WITH THE BEST sHookkqEsIggicepiR'KAKE

©1984 Sharp Elect -onic, Cor4 "At KAKE in Wichita, we're as demanding as they come. But let's face it. When you'reWichita's number one metro station, an ABC affiliate, and have a schedule as hectic as ours, you have tobe. And when it came to buying new cameras last year, we made no exceptions. To satisfy us, the units had to meet network standards and be Triax compatible. Plus they had to be able to take the abuse of being hauled in and outof our remote van, from the studio to the field, and still deliver brilliant quality shots. That's why we went with Sharp! From our four years of experience working with their XC-700 and XC-800Saticorrcameras, we knew that Sharp camerascould take the punishment. But what really sold us were the results we got when we tested out Sharp's Diode-Gun Plumbicon® XC-900D at a number of those 49 basketball games we produced last year.Of course Sharp's competitive price was an added incentive. But we would have bought theXC-900D anyway. Now if your situation involves buying a new Plumbicon camera, I'd suggest the Sharp XC-900D. From what I've seen, it will go one on one with any camera on the market. And come out on top every time." For a demonstration or more information, contact your local SHARP dealer or write Sharp Electronics Corporation, Broadcast Group, 10 Sharp Plaza, Paramus, NJ 07652. (201) 265-5548. FROM SHARP MINDS Saticon" is a registered trademark a (Japanliniadcast Corp.) Plumbicon' as a registered trademark of N.V. Philips. COME SHARP PRODUC1N Circle (114) on Reply Card A/V EQUIPMENT, AUDIO. RANKING SYSTEMS, CALCULATORS, CASH REGISTERS, COMPUTERS,COPIERS, ELECTRONIC TYPEWRITERS. FACSIMILE EQUIPM EN f, MICROWAVE OVENS, PROFESSIONAL/VIDEO CAMERAS & MONITORS, TELEVISIONS,VIDEO TAPE RECORDERS G.E., Sylvania ad index and Wiko long life lamps Reader Reader Service Page Service Page No. No. No. No. Special Prices on many 1 numbers. Phone Toll Free. r ADM Technology, Inc 1 IFC MCG Electronics 102 134 AKG Acoustics, Inc. 130 3M 44 72-73 Supplies. Alexander Mfg. Co. 34 54 3M Pro A/V Div 116 75 See11/e/rAiInc Almanac Travel 96 136 Maxell Corp. of America 25 43 Box 10 Washington, Iowa 52353 Alpha Video Electronics 68 109 Microdyne Corp 36 59 Ph: 800-426-3938 In Iowa 800-272-6459 Ampex Corp 18-19 Microprobe Electronics Inc 88 129 Ampex Corp Circle (89) on Reply Card 38 61 Midwest Communications Corp. 3 1 Anchor Audio, Inc 93 136 Midwest Communications Corp. . 19 34-35 Andrew Corp. 50 85 Morrison Co 94 136 ANT Telecommunications 112 120 Nady Systems Inc 113 132 sbA3 ANT-Nachrichtentechnik GmbH...71 110 Nalpak Video Sales, Inc 82 126 AU010 CONNECTORS JACK PANELS Anton/Bauer Inc. 28 47 NEC America Inc 41 117 wit ,Prewired availableiAphex Systems Ltd 75 116 NEC America Inc 5 5 Asaca/Shibasoku Corp. NEC America Inc 23 40 America 64 104 Neve Inc 2 IBC Audio Development 107 126 Nova Systems, Inc. 72 112 Audio Digital 121 124 Opamp Labs Inc. 87 129 MULTISWITCH' SWITCHES B&K Precision, Dynascan Orban Associates Inc 27 46 The one -stop source for all your electro- Corp. 59 97 mechanical needs Standard and custom Orban Associates Inc 111 119 Belar Electronic Labs 83 126 assemblies Free catalogs available Otari Corp. 51 87 Bittree 92 136 PRO SOUND Pacific Recorders and Engineering... 53 13717 So Normandie Ave.. Gardena. CA 90249 12131 7702330 Broadcast Electronics, Inc. 22 40 Outside CA Call Toll Free 18001 421-2471 Panasonic 105 79 Broadcast Video Systems Ltd 81 126 Circle (90) on Reply Card Panasonic 106 81-84 Cal Switch 90 136 Peter-Lisand Machine Corp 58 96 Calvert Electronics Inc 11 16 PRECISION MAGNETIC Polyline Corp 73 125 Calzone Case Co. 78 129 TEST TAPES Potomac Instruments 84 128 Camera Mart, Inc. 60 99 Pro Sound 92 136 Canon USA Inc. 47 77 §T. QEI 12 17 Cetec Vega 55-56 92-93 Standard Tape Laboratory, Inc. Quad-Eight/Westrex 130.20 36-37 261 20 Eden Landing Road #5, Hayward, CA 94545 Christie Electric Corp 73 123 Rohde & Schwarz Sales Co. (415) 786-3546 Chyron Corp. 54 91 (USA) Inc. 80 122 Circle (91) on Reply Card Circuit Research Labs, Inc 9 13 Ross Video Ltd. 108 50 Continental Electronics Mfg. RTS Systems, Inc. 49 60 AUDIO PATCH BAYS Co 74 124 Samson Music Products 46 78 Pe' PREWIRED Convergence Corp. 26 45 Ctl" MULTIPIN GOLD CONNECTORS Sescom, Inc 117 126 Crosspoint Latch Corp 104 140 1P BROADCAST QUALITY Sharp Electronics Corp. 114 135 Datatek, Inc 45 iP DEALER PROGRAM 113 Shook Electronic Enterprises, [le' CUSTOM WORK Dielectric Communications 65 105 BITTREE 1337 GREENBRIAR ROAD Inc 42 68 Eagle Hill Electronics, Inc. 86 GLENDALE CA 91207 213-507-0418 129 Shure Brothers Inc. 17 32 Electrex Company 77 129 Circle (92) on Reply Card Sign Line 69 121 Electro-Voice Inc 110 65 Sitler's Inc. 89 136 VTR AUDIO MONITOR ESE 103 133 Sony Corp. of America Fidelipac Corp. Self -Powered 120 127 (Broadcast) 24-25 7" Rack Mount GEC McMichael 30-31 49 Sony Corp. of America Geleco Electronics Ltd 115 132 (Broadcast) 66-67 IWZ-Z General Electric Video 16 31 Standard Tape Laboratory, Inc. ....91 136 ANCHOR Grass Valley Group, Inc 6 7 Stantron/Unit of Zero Corp 61 101 (213) 533-5984 Grass Valley Group, Inc 98 131 Studer Revox America Inc. 48 115 Circle (93) on Reply Card Grass Valley Group, Inc 29 48 Studer Revox America Inc. 40 64 HEAD RE -LAPPING Grumann Aerospace Corp 57 95 Surcom Associates Inc. 97 128 AND NEW HEADS FOR AMPEX Hannay Reels 66 106 Switchcraft Inc. 33 55 Harris Corp. 32 51 Tascam Div. Teac Corp. of Worn cartridge and reel to reel heads re - America 13 21 contoured and re -lapped for original perfor- Harris Corp. 39 62-63 Tektronix Inc. 7-8 11 mance. Send for free brochure. Hitachi Denshi America Ltd. 4 3 TFT, Inc. 67 R.K. Morrison Co. Hitachi Denshi America ltd. 15 29 107 819 Coventry Road Kensington, CA 94707 Total Spectrum Manufacturing, JBL Inc 14 27 (415) 525.9409 Inc. 62 102 Circle (94) on Reply Card Jensen Transformers Inc 21 38-39 TTC/Wi I kerson 63 103 JVC Company of America 10 15 Have "TWO -SHOT" Will navel Utah Scientific Inc. 37 57 JVC Company of America 70 111 Switcher Varian 18 33 K & H Products, Ltd. 99 134 Mixer Videotek, Inc 52 88 Identifier Lake Systems Corp 79 125 Vital Industries, Inc. 53 89 Color Monitors Lang Video Systems Corp. 95 136 Ward -Beck Systems Ltd BC LANG VIDEO SYSTEMS Lea Dynatech Inc. 100 133 700 Warrington Avenue Winsted Corp. 101 132 Leitch Video Ltd. 24 41 Redwood Dty. Callforrna 94063 (415) 364-1287 Yamaha International Corp. 43 69,70 Lerro Electrical Corp. 9 Circle (95) on Reply Card

136 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 professional services

VIR JAMES P.C. STEIGER, HURRAY & CONSULTING ENGINEERS IEVANS ASSOCIATES Applications and Field Engineering ASSOCIATES INC. CONSULTING TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERS Computerized Frequency Surveys CONSULTING ENGINEER SERVICES AM-FM-TV-CATV-ITFS-LPTV SATELLITE 216 N. Green Bay Road 3137 W. Kentucky Ave. -80219 6816 Westview Drive Thlensville, Wisconsin 53092 (303) 937.1900 Cleveland, OH 44141 Phone: (414) 242-6000 Member AFCCE DENVER, COLORADO (216) 526-7187 Member AFCCE & NAB

FCC DATA BASE R. L. HOOVER ATLANTIC RESEARCH CORPORATION Consulting Telecommunications Jansky & Bailey Engineer datswople Telecommunications Consulting AM FM TV LPTV MDS 11704 Seven Locks Road Directories Potomac, Maryland 20854 Member AFCCE Allocation Studies 5390 Cherokee Avenue 130218th St., N.W. Suite 502 301-983-0054 Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Washington, D.C. 20036 Member AFCCE E)17031 642-4000 (202)296.4790 800-368-5754 ALL JAPAN RADIO & TV D. L. MARKLEY ENGIINEERING SERVICES CO., At361cAG@Guagu@@ RADIO CONSULTING ENGINEERS & Associates, Inc. RADIO S: TELEVISION CONSULTANTS, CONSULTING ENGINEERS BROADCASTING SYSTEM, CATV SYSTEM, STATION DESIGN AND SERVICE 206 North Bergan ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING & DESIGN, ELECTRONIC PRODUCT DESIGN EARTH STATION WORKS FOR B S Peoria, Illinois 61604 Edward A. Schober, P.E. Address:Kyodo-bldg.41- I Udagawa-cho, 402 Tenth Avenue. Haddon Heights, NJ 08035 (309) 673-7511 Shibuyaku, Tokyo, 150, JAPAN. Phone: 16091 546-1841 Member AFCCE Tokyo03-464-4874 TLX: J29518 NH KINT

SINCE 1952 M201.627-7400 RADIO ENGINEERING CO. ENTERPRISE ENGINEERING P.C. CONSULTANTS Consulting Engineers MICROWAVE SERVICES INTERNATIONAL, INC. NORWOOD J. PATTERSON F.W. Hannel P.E. SATELLITE AND TERRESTRIAL SYSTEMS BOX 420 CONSULTANTS ENGINEERS CONSTRUCTORS SANTA YNEZ CA 93460 P.O. Box 9001 FREQUENCY COORDINATORS (805) 688.2333 Peoria, Illinois 61614 VICTOR J. NEXON, PE 288 W. MAIN ST. PRESIDENT DENVILLE, NJ 07834 Serving Broadcasters over 35 years (309) 691-4155 Member AFCCE MEMBER AFCCE

BROADCAST ENGINEERING SMITH and POWSTENKO John Aalto, P.E. SERVICE COMPANY Broadcasting and Telecommunications Consulting Engineer TV -FM -AM Field Engineering- Consultants Emergency Maintenance-Turnkey Installation- TELEVISION PRODUCTION System Design-Survey and Critique- 2000 NStreet, N.W. AND POST PRODUCTION SYSTEMS Interim Maintenance or Chief Engineer Washington, D. C. 20036 4534 Van Noord Ave. B E S COMPANY (213) 664-9790Studio City, CA 91604 100 Star Trail. New Port Richey, Fla 33553, 813-868-2989 (202) 293-7742

Dr. Jeremy K. Raines,P.E. T & G OPTICS, INC. BLAIR BENSON Consulting Electromagnetic Engineer 71-01 INGRAM STREET Engineering Consultant Antennas, arrays, parasitics, top loading, FOREST HILLS, NY 11375 guy wires, and reradiating obstacles COMPLETE REPAIR SERVICE FOR COLOR TELEVISION TV Systems Design and Operation analyzed using the method of moments. CAMERA BEAMSPLITTER OPTICS, LENSES, COATINGS, MULTIPLEXER MIRRORS, FILTERS AND PROJECTORS: 23 Park Lane 13420 Cleveland Drive WRITE OP CALL GERALD PINCUS (212) 544-8156 twen- Norwalk, CT 06854 Potomac, Maryland 20850 (301) 279-2972 ty tour hcur service with pleasure. 203-838-9049 Member AFCCE

SELLMEYER & KRAMER, INC. Consultants STARLIGHT COMMUNICATIONS, INC. CONSULTING ENGINEERS Television Satellite Down -Linking Motion Picture T.V. Satellite Terminals J S. Sellmeyer,P.E., S.M. Kramer, P.E. Theatrical AM FM TV MDS ITFS LPTV CAN Lighting Rigging APPLICATIONS FIELD ENGINEERING Facility Design Programming BRUCE BLUMENTHAL PO Box 523 P.C. Box 841 MckInney, TX 75069 13121 459.4122 Northbrook, IL 60062 72 County Road Tenafly, New Jersey 07670 (214) 542-2056 201.567-6664

Why not run your //, HORIZON INTERNATIONAL business card here? .4 Broadcast Implementation Engineering Bcst & Video Facility Design & Installation alUTERI Only $60.00 Systems Evaluations & Critiques Associates Inc. perinsertion. Professional Magnetic Emergency Service & Support Ai.idio Head Reconditioning Frequency discounts available. 3837 E. Wier Ave., Suite 1. Phx.. AZ 85040 P0.117 P UT{P11 602-437-3800 (516) 331-5022 Call 913/888-4664 McMARTIN ACCU-FIVE MIXER, $250; 3M P-100 VTR Proc Amp, $100; American Data 560AR Vertical inter- classified val 10 by 1 audio/video switcher, $150. All equipment Advertising rates in Classified Section are $1.25 per in great shape. John Fleetwood, 301-986-8881.1-84-1t word, each insertion, and must be accompanied by cash to insure publication. AMPEX VR1200C HIGH BAND Color VTR ("2" quad") CHIEF Each initial or abbreviation counts a full word. including Auto Chroma, Velocity, Compensator, one - Minimum classified charge, $30.00. line delay, electronic editor. Machine is extremely For ads on which replies are sent to us for forward- clean and has less than 700 hours use and only 50 ENGINEER ing (blind ads), there is an additional charge of $35.00 hours of head wear. Like new condition. $20,000 or of- per insertion, to cover department number, processing fer. Call Bob Canady 15 (515) 255-2122. 1-85-3t Growing TV group of replies, and mailing costs. Classified columns are not open to advertising of in Southeast any products regularly produced by manufacturers unless used and no longer owned by the manufacturer GRASS VALLEY Terrific opportunity to join this or distributor. growing VHF station in the top MASTER CONTROL 60 market for a Chief Engineer TRAINING SWITCH ERS who possesses 5 years super- visory experience, preferably in Two unused GVG Model 1600-4S ELECTRONICS DEGREE by correspondence. Earn a non-union environment,in A.S.E.T., then B.S.E.T. Free catalog. Grantham College MasterControlSwitchers the southern region. The ideal of Engineering, 2500 La Cienega, Los Angeles, Califor- available immediately, each with nia 90034. candidatewillbea com- 7-82-tfn digitalborderline, stereo audio petitive, bottom -lineoriented FCC GENERAL RADIOTELEPHONE operators license and intelligent pre -roll. individual with good interper- through cassette recorded lessons at home plus one Forsale,separatelyoras week seminar inBoston, Washington, Detroit or sonal skills. We offer a com- Philadelphia. Our twentieth year teaching FCC license package. Very attractive pricing. petitive salary and excellent courses. Bob Johnson Radio License Preparation, A.F. Associates, benefits package. Please send 1201 Ninth, Manhattan Beach, Calif. 90266, Telephone Sales Department (213) 379-4461. your resume, in complete con- 8-81-tfn 201-767-1000 fidence to: 213-466-5066 Broadcast Engineering SERVICES Dept. 630 P.O. Box 12901 WANTED TO BUY ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS Overland Park, KS 66212

DIGITAL AND ANALOG RECORDING HEADS WANTED: Pre -1923radioequipment andtubes. RECONDITIONING - MODIFICATIONS - MOUNTS August J. Link, Surcom Associates, 305 Wisconsin Ave., Oceanside, CA 92054, (619) 722-6162. 3-76-tf NORTONASSOCIATES INC SENIOR TELEVISION ENGINEER/Staff Assistant HIGHEST PRICES PAID for 112 Phase Monitors and wantedforpositionattheUniversityof 10 DI TOMAS COURT COPIAGUE, NY 11726 for clean, one kw or greater powered AM and FM Massachusetts at Amherst starting June 1, 1985. Our (516) 842-4666 Transmitters.Alldutyandtransportationpaid. department, one of the largest producers of video - - OUR 30th YEAR - Surplus Equipment Sales, 2 Thorncliffe Park Dr., Unit based instruction in New England, is looking for so- 28, Toronto, Canada M4H 1H2, 416-421-5631. 2-79-tfn meone who has up to date knowledge of all technical and engineering (heavy on maintenance) aspects of HIGHEST PRICES PAID for used Dolby 334 Broadcast TV. You will be responsible for the complete system MISCELLANEOUS FOR SALE Units in good condition. 802-862-8881, Call Bill. maintenance of three color TV studios. The most 12-84-3t qualified applicant would have some knowledge of studio lighting and computers. A broadcast license is ONE STOP FOR ALL YOUR PROFESSIONAL AUDIO NON-PROFIT, NONDENOMINATIONAL religious desirable. Salary is $24,000 or more depending on REQUIREMENTS. Bottom line oriented. F.T.C. Brewer organization needs donations of video production qualifications. Send resume, cover letter, and names Company, P.O. Box 8057, Pensacola, Florida 32506. equipment. Great tax deduction. Call Wayne Robert- and addresses of three references by March 1, 1985 to: 7.71-tf son, (209) 435-8141 or write P.O. Box 9752, Fresno, CA Jane!spur,Dean's Office, EBE 201, Schoolof 93794. 1-85-1t Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, HELIAXSTYROFLEX. fiarge stock - bargain prices- MA 01003. An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity tested and certified. Write for price and stock lists. Employer. 1-85-11 Sierra Western Electric, Box 23872, Oakland, Calif. 94623. Telephone (415) 832-3527. 1-73-tf HELP WANTED VIDEO MAINTENANCE ENGINEER. Minimum of 3 years of experience maintaining and repairing studio TRANSMITTER TUBES REPROCESSED-Save 40 to VTR FIELD ENGINEER: A leading manufacturer of cameras, GVG switcher, master control equipment, 1" 50% 3CX2500, 4CX5000, 4CX15000 and many others. broadcast video equipment seeks to increase Field and 2" VTR's and extensive experience with 3/4" Sony Write for details. FREELAND PRODUCTS CO., Rt. 7, Service Team for Type C 1 -in. VTR product line. Expan- VCR's. Knowledge of Digital and Analog theory a Box 628, Covington, LA 70433. (504) 893-1243.6-79-tfn ding operation provides opportunity for growth and MUST. Contact Bob Martin -408-998-7344 or send advancement for those experienced with 1 -in. helical resume to BAI, 1310 No. Fourth St., San Jose, CA scan VTRs. Competitive salary,health plan and 95112. 1-85-2t benefits.Customer services, on -siterepair and EQUIPMENT FOR SALE technical sales support make this a challenging posi- OFF-LEASE/REPO CAMERA SYSTEMS,including tion. Send resume and salary requirements to Direc- RCA TK-760, Hitachi SK -80A & SK -96, and Sony DXC- tor, VTR Engineering, Hitachi Denshi America, Ltd., M3. Contact Bob Jagemann at SCIENTIFIC CLEAR- BROADCAST CRYSTALS for AM, FM and TV transmit- 175 Crossways Park W., Woodbury, NY 11797. 1-85-3t ING HOUSE, 471 Atlas, Brea, CA 92621, 714/529-9666. ters. Oven or vacuum types for Gates/Harris, RCA, Col- 1.85-4t lins, CCA, G.E., ITA, etc. Good prices and service, with SENIOR TV MAINTENANCE ENGINEER: Provides trade-ins taken. Over 40 years in business. EIDSON maintenance and technical support forall KUAT MAJOR VHF TV STATION IN NEW YORK has open- ELECTRONIC CO., Box 3751, Temple, Tx. 76501. (817) equipment and facilities, such as 1" Sony VTR's, ings for: 1. Engineer In -Charge to supervise technical 773-3901. 8-84-eom Thomspon ENG cameras and 3/4" VCR, Vidifont CG, operations of daily news program. Three years ex- Sony BVE-5000 computer editor, and Grass Valley perience instudio and field operations, telecom- C BAND SATELLITE UPLINK: Complete Uplink Elec- switchers. Qualifications: successful completion of munications a must. 2. RF Maintenance Engineer to tronics with Varian dual TWT 400 W power amplifier technical training at a trade or vocational school. Two maintain transmitter, microwave and transmission and solid state driver. Frequency range 5.925 to years of the same kind of work experience. First or equipment. Two years experience required. 3. Tape 6.425GHz, includes Up/Down converter, Demod/De- general FCC license desirable. Salary commensurate Maintenance Engineer to maintain videotape and mux units and receiver. All equipment mounted in 19" withexperience.Please sendaletterofin- editing facilities. Two years experience required. Send racks. Meets all ICSC specifications. As new condi- terest/resume to Employment Office, University of resume to:Chief Engineer, WNET/THIRTEEN, 356 tion. Mfr. Calif. Microwave. Radio Research Instru- Arizona, 1717 East Speedway, Tucson, AZ 85721. Ap- West 58th Street, New York, New York 10019. EEO/M/F ment Co., Inc., 2 Lake Ave. Ext., Danbury, CT 06811, plication/resume must be received by Jan. 23, 1985. 1-85-1t Tel: 203-792-6666. 7-84-0 n An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. 185-11 CHIEF ENGINEER: Midwest group owner seeks a C BAND VIDEO BANDWIDTH MICROWAVE LINK: Fre- chief engineer and asst. chief for Fort Wayne, Indiana, quency: 6565-6875MHz, Transmitter Pwr: 200mw, Car- Independent, WFFT. Hands on experience with UHF rier deviation: a 3MHz, Frequency response: a .5dbm transmitters, studio equipment, and EFP is essential. from 300Hz to 3MHz. Mfr. Motorola type MR -30. In CHIEF ENGINEER Previous experience as chief or asst. chief is pre- stock for immediate delivery, "As New", fully tested. Southwestern broadcaster needsfull -charge ferred. Send resume, references, salary history to Radio Research Instrument Co., Inc., 2 Lake Ave. Ext., Chief Engineer for AM/FM stations in Phoenix. Director of Engineering, 4 South Main St., Dayton, Danbury, CT 06811, Tel: 203-792-6666. 7-84-tfn Need background in high power AM directionals Ohio 45402. EOE. 1-85-1t and FM transmitting facilities. Digital knowledge 3 Ikegaml HL -79A color cameras, $18,000 to $23,000 helpful.Excellent benefits andsalary.Send CHIEF ENGINEER for WGUS AM FM, P.O. Box 1475, depending on lense and accessories. Cinema Prod- resume, references, salary requirements to Larry Augusta, GA 30913. Combo Considered.Full ucts DCU for HL -79, make offer. Contact: Bill Hughes, Daniels, KNIX, PO Box 3174, Tempe, Arizona, Maintenance duties. Manager 803-279-1380; Don Kern POB 10968, Burbank, CA 91510, (818) 845-7473. 12-84-3t 85281. 504-641-1560. 1-85-2t

138 Broadcast EngineeringJanuary 1985 . T $ or- SERVICE . ENGINEERS ,4 e = Opportunities Available In Los Angeles, Atlanta, Dallas, Bell & Howell/Columbia Pictures, an industry leader in consumer and industrial video duplica- New York & Chicago tion, is expanding its Engineering organization to SONY Broadcast Products Company, a world support their rapid growth and technical environ- leader in professional broadcast television equipment, has highly visible opportunities in ment. Due to this expansion, several key oppor- Los Angeles, Atlanta, Dallas, New York and tunities exist for Senior Engineering Managers as Chicago for Service Engineers. well as experienced Video Engineers at our plant The successful candidates should have several locations in the Chicago and Los Angeles areas. years experience in television operation with Candidates should possess a technical degree emphasis on installing, maintaining and servic- such as a BSEE or similar trade/military education, ing a wide range of sophisticated microprocessor based broadcast equipment. coupled with in-depth video/audio duplication and BSEE or equivalent experience is preferred. signal distribution experience. Additionally, candidates should possess a desire to work in a high SONY offers a competitive starting salary and comprehensive benefits package which in- growth, fast paced manufacturing environment. cludes company paid pension, dental, profit Competitive salaries and an extraordinary benefit sharing and savings plan. For prompt con- package, which includes profit sharing, accompany sideration, please send your resume indicating preferred location and salary requirements, to: these positions. For immediate consideration, SONY BROADCAST PRODUCTS COMPANY, please submit resume Including salary history, in ATTENTION: MANAGER, HUMAN confidence, to: Steve Lesniak, Bell & Howell/ RESOURCES, 1600 QUEEN ANNE ROAD, Columbia Pictures Video Services, 720 Landwehr TEANECK, NEW JERSEY 07666. We are Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. pleased to be an equal opportunity employer M/F/H/V.

Bell 8. Howell / Columbia Pictures Video Services

SONY® An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer THE ONE AND ONLY

TV MAINTENANCE SUPERVISOR: For installation SENIOR VIDEOTAPE EDITOR: Operates and adjusts and repair of studio and transmitter equipment. Good 1" Sony VTR's, Sony BVE-5000 computer -assisted supervisoryskills and minimum three years editor and stereo sound board. Responsible for post - maintenance experience required. FCC general class production editing of in-house and contract work. license preferred. Knowledge of TV broadcast, pro- Centro Qua if icatiors: Four years broadcast technical train- duction and related equipment essential. Competitive ing or experience in video and stereo audio editing salary and excellent benefits. Send resume to: WXXI TOP TELECOMMUNICATIONS FIRM with computer.Salary commensurate withex- Personnel Dept., P.O. Box 21, Rochester, New York seeking experience talent in videobased systems perience. Please send a letter of interest/resume to 14601. EOE. 1-85-11 integration. Positions available require 5 years ex- Employment Office, University of Arizona, 1717 East perienceinthe video systems industry with Speedway, Tucson, AZ 85721. Application/resume MAINTENANCE ENGINEER for Christian TV Station. knowledge of both industrial and broadcast level must be received by: Jan. 23, 1985. An Equal Oppor- FCC General license required. Four years experience equipment. tunity/Affirmative Action Employer. 1-84-1t in maintenance of studio cameras. Quad and helical SYSTEM SALES -PEOPLE VTR's, switchers, etc. UHF transmitter experience PROJECT COORDINATORS MAINTENANCE/PRODUCTION ENGINEER: Im- helpful. Reply to Dale Osborn, C.E., WTBY-TV, Box SYSTEMS ENGINEERS/DESIGNERS mediate opening at new facility. Must have 1" and 534, Fishkill, NY 12524. E.O.E. 1-85-1t Positions offer exciting and challenging career Studio camera background of 2-5 years. Experience opportunities and excellent company benefits. willdeterminesalary.Send resumeto:WILLIE Send resume to CENTRO CORPORATION -9516 GEORGE MINISTRIES, 5727 S. Garnett, Suite L, Tulsa, Chesapeake Drive, San Diego, CA 92123 - No OK 74146. Attn.: Bruce Dinehart, 918-250-8688. 1-85-1t telephone inquiries EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ANALOG DESIGN ENGINEERS MAINTENANCE ENGINEER: Telemation Productions, WE PLACE ADM Technology, Inc., is a leader in a major full service production facility, is looking for a supplying audio mixing products to the top notch maintenance engineer. Should be knowl- television and radio industry. Our heavy TV and Video Engineers edgeable with Sony one inch VTRs, CMX 340 Editor, COAST TO COAST emphasis on SMPTE compatability and GV1600 Switcher, Digital Video Effects systems, ADO, computer control has given us a broad TR600s,audio,video anddigitaltransmission lAll Levels, But Not Operators' product line with unlimited future potential. Applicant must be highly systems andcircuits. ALL FEES PAID BY EMPLOYERS We are looking for degreed analog design motivated;salarybased on knowledge andex- engineers with experience in audio or perience. Send resume to: Chief Engineer/Telemation Phone/Resume related products. Productions/834 N. 7th Ave./Phoenix, AZ. 85007. In addition to a good salary, benefits, and 11-84-3t profit sharing package. we offer the KEY SYSTEMS opportunity to play a meaningful role in ENGINEER FOR NEW POSITION at top-notch post product design and development. Westminster Road house. Mostly daytime maintenance of our busy Wilkes-Barre, PA 18702 ADM's Oakland County, Michigan location editing rooms and rental gear, no operations work. 1" near Detroit, provides the choice of urban, experience required, design skills desirable. Equip- Phone Alan Kornish at surburban or semi -rural life-styles with close ment includes ADO, CMX, Paint Box, HL-79EALs. Con- access to cultural, entertainment and four tact Steve Beuret, Videosmith, Inc., (215) 864-0658. (7171655-1458 j season recreational activities. 1-85-11 Plese forward your resume or call: Larry Mandziuk TRANSMITTER MAINTENANCE SUPERVISOR for well 10,000 RADIO AND TV JOBS a year for men and VP -Engineering equipped UHF network affiliate in the Southeast. RE- women are listed in the American Radio job market ADM Technology, Inc. QUIREMENTS: Minimum of two years experience with weekly paper. Up to 300 every week. Engineers, DJs, 1626 E. Big Beaver Rd. UHF Transmitters. FCC Firstor GeneralClass Newspeople, Program Directors, Production, Sales. Troy. MI 48084 License. Good Knowledge of FCC Rules. AAS Elec- All markets, all formats. One week computer list, 1313) 524-210C tronics or equivalent preferred. EOE/MF. Dept. 629, $6.00. Special bonus 6 weeks, $14.95. You save $21.00. Broadcast Engineering, P.O. 12901, Overland Park, KS American Radio Job Market,Dept.3,6215 Don A& 11 66212. 1-85-1t Gaspar, Las Vegas, Nevada 89108. 7 -84 -If n

January 1985Broadcast Engineering 139 fr THE 6139 VIDEO PRODUCTION SWITCHER ELEGANCE AND DEPENDABILITY

NI - H WA

. wet MP OW WM . . im# i1i WI imp imp rm *40>a JR, WM WV get *APEill ine.aat*tilt amain mei it

Wit IP! MI r NM *Milli* AIM ,

8, 16 OR 24 INPUTS LED OR INCANDESCENT LAMP BUTTONS OPTION FOR FULL MICROPROCESSOR CONTROL IN ANYVERSION

ALL VERSIONS HAVE The microprocessor versions of the 6139 operate with the 7203 3 MIX -EFFECTS SYSTEMS and the 7239 AUTO DRIVETM, which enable the 6139 to be FIVE KEYERS controlledseriallybyexternalcomputers andeditors. EDGE OR INSERT KEY ON DSK Crosspoint Latch has the simplest and most effective switcher protocols in the industry, with the fastest access time. All QUAD SPLIT Crosspoint Latch controllers operate in any of the three TEST MODE FOR SYSTEM TIMING standard protocols which provide the user with an excellent MIX PATTERN MODE FOR ME3 compromise between high speed communication and massive FULL PREVIEW data transfer. THE 6139 IS AN EXCELLENT PRODUCTION SWITCHER Each of its three mix -effects systems has the ability to dissolve in wipes and keys. The Programbus can be keyed over or dissolved to, from any of the ME systems or from Quad Split. The downstream key has an insert mode allowing externally generated multicolored graphics to be transmitted through the switcher. The Effectsgenerator has soft edges and soft borders. THE 6139 CAN BE CONTROLLED BY MOST EDITORS serially with the inexpensive 7203,or with the extremely powerful 7239 AUTO DRIVETTM stores and then reproduces fader arm and positioner movements, allowseasy editing of stored events, provides bi-directional serial communication with external devices. AUTO DRIVETM with itsdisplay monitor, is a very flexible and simple means of storing switcher data, allowing theuser a full over -view of the stored data, and the ability to modify and edit stored events with precision andease.

CROSSPOINT LATCH CORP. 8 INPUT LED 24 INPUT ALL OPTIONS S70.000. 95 PROGRESS STREET UNION, N.J. 07083 (201) 688-1510 TELEX 181160 Circle (104) on Reply Card 1111.11M111111111111111111111111111111111111111...... 111111111111111111111111 Inliiii . -; ' :- ';: : 11111111I-1-1111111 k :",:!:!:!;:;!;,:;; - t -t. t t .." " ' . ' t t t " $ "v1,...44 A, IL., . $ . V V V' VVVV V.V.ienie`ne V- To create the: finest fFu. lj , %Ss..ft . satisfy the needs of your marketplace.create great We audioknow it'sall importanttelevision to listen toyou and audio Neve's 51 -series for television production.have to do a mixingspectrumFour console, Band equalizerlot Equalizer ofis renowned and Filters: as the most musi- listening. Our formant abouteveryputertems.That's -assisted Andmajorwhygreat we'rewhen innovationaudio. Necam very we Neve createdsystems proud in audio has of ato systempioneered thatDigitalmixing distinction. designed (DSP)from almost com- Sys- to televisionpass"NevecalDynamics sounding filters sound:' production_ remove Unit:in Plus the noises Eachindustry.effective, ofteninput No highencountered module one pass else containsand has in low livethe a meetweThecanrecording listened enjoyresult the growing and isthevery that filmsame carefully. nowneeds studios superior video of video throughout production audio post -production,quali:y the facilities world that Multitrackmaticproductionperfecthighly shows-regarded for processingCapability:or to for musicals limiter/compressor use inthose The liveand difficult 51recording,sports. -series and tracks separatelynoise from in gate, dra-post haveforHumanfromthe televisionstraight enjoyed,the Engineered: size -forward production.of plus the special knobs signal andfeatures flowlayout, designed and to just First and foremost, controlled direct outputs, pre- or post-EQ, make simultaneouswhatBecauseing a thesnap. televisionNeve multitrack listened, industry and the livewants 51 record--series to hear. is powerfulisfeatures always yousub easy -grouping,want to use, and yet need.the gives Neve you 51 -seriesall the S E R I E S (203)visionFor 744-6230further Production information, or write: Sales call Department Neve's Tele- at Telex(213)RUPEKI 874-8124055-621716 NEVI: IRUPERT NCURPORAI NEVE ELECTRONICS NE .E LD: CF BerkshireCANADA, INTERNATIONAL, IndustrialLII). represented Park LTD. Bethel. by: Cambridge Sonotechnique, CT 06801 House, (203) 2585 Idelbourn. 744-6239 Bates. Royston,Suite 'Ides 304, 96963: H.:.rtfordshire, Montreal. 7533 EQ.Sunset SG86AU H3S Blvd., 1A9 England CanataHollywood, Phone(514)739-3368 CA (0763) 90046 60776 RI PERT NEVE GmbH: 6101) Darmstadt Bismarckstrasse 114, West Germany Phone (06151) 81764. 401110- -411 Demand Neve Circle (2) on Reply Card leadingcombining manufacturers mono andWhen to stereo Thissubmit WFMY advancedmixing designs decided facilities, custom and to movebids is Ward nowon into this -Beckoperating stereo project. 40 television -input at Ward WFMY-TV stereo -Beck's production TV in production theyThe asked console, Ultimate Choice! Greensboro, North Carolina. inclusion in this select group ofbrdught innovative Harte-Hanksmodules andThe extensivewell fact Communications-proven that engineering this under comprehensive the the expertiserigorous benefits demandspackageemploying actuallyof sophisticated the major came networks. in at the most acceptable price made the ultimate choice very easy. 1 11 ...... " 14. - 'r ire e (k. tit -t r f. e , cit - r.r rrc rrrrf - irst by Design. 84 I Progress Avenue, Scarborough. Ward(wis)Ontario, -Beck SystemsCanada MIIILtd.. 2X4. Tel: (416) 438-6550.TIx: 065-25399.