L'elaboration D'un Nectar ______56

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

L'elaboration D'un Nectar ______56 UNIVERSITE DE NANTES FACULTE DE PHARMACIE ANNEE 2005 N°25 THESE pour le DIPLÔME D’ETAT DE DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE par François-Xavier TAUVEL Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 27 avril 2005 LA BIERE : HISTOIRE, FABRICATION, PROPRIETES NUTRITIVES ET PHARMACOLOGIQUES LA PREMIERE BOISSON DIETETIQUE ? Président : M. Yves-François POUCHUS, Professeur de Botanique et de Mycologie Membres du Jury : M. Olivier GROVEL, Maître de Conférences en Pharmacognosie M. Xavier MASSIEUX, Docteur en Pharmacie TABLE DES MATIERES INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________ 7 PARTIE I : LES GRANDES EPOQUES DE LA BIERE_______________ 8 I- DES ORIGINES MYSTERIEUSES ________________________________________ 8 1. Les premiers brasseurs ________________________________________________ 8 2. Les Sumériens et les Babyloniens _______________________________________ 9 3. Femmes et déesses ___________________________________________________ 11 II- LES BRASSEURS DE L’EGYPTE ANTIQUE ____________________________ 13 1. La zythum des bâtisseurs de pyramides _________________________________ 13 2. Le pain des guerriers_________________________________________________ 14 3. Le médicament de l’Antiquité _________________________________________ 14 4. D’un brassage divin…________________________________________________ 14 5. …à un brassage commercial et domestique ______________________________ 15 6. La fin d’une tradition ________________________________________________ 16 III- LA SEPARATION NORD – SUD _______________________________________ 17 1. Les Gaulois_________________________________________________________ 17 2. Les Vikings_________________________________________________________ 18 IV- LA SALIVE DES FEMMES ___________________________________________ 20 V- LE MOYEN AGE ____________________________________________________ 22 1. Le gruyt ___________________________________________________________ 22 2. La sainte alliance ____________________________________________________ 23 a- Le brassage monastique _____________________________________________ 23 b- L’héritage des moines _______________________________________________ 25 c- L’utilisation du houblon _____________________________________________ 26 d- Les patrons _______________________________________________________ 27 3. Les bières artisanales ________________________________________________ 29 4. Corporations et réglementation de la qualité _____________________________ 29 a- La naissance des corporations de brasseurs ______________________________ 29 b- Les Francs Brasseurs________________________________________________ 31 5. L’internationalisation ________________________________________________ 32 1 VI- LA REVOLUTION INDUSTRIELLE ___________________________________ 34 1. La révolution de la distribution ________________________________________ 34 a- Un essor limité ____________________________________________________ 34 b- La force de la vapeur________________________________________________ 35 2. La mécanisation du brassage __________________________________________ 35 3. La bouteille de verre et l’essor de la fermentation basse____________________ 37 4. Le froid sur commande_______________________________________________ 38 5. La découverte de la levure ____________________________________________ 39 VII- DES GEANTS SE FORMENT _________________________________________ 41 1. L’age d’or de l’industrie brassicole américaine ___________________________ 41 a- Aux Etats-Unis : la naissance de la Budweiser____________________________ 42 b- Au Canada________________________________________________________ 43 2. Le tonneau brisé ____________________________________________________ 43 a- La boisson du diable ________________________________________________ 44 b- La prohibition aux Etats-Unis _________________________________________ 45 3. La concentration de l’industrie ________________________________________ 47 VIII- LA REVOLTE DES CONSOMMATEURS _____________________________ 50 1. Vers un produit universel_____________________________________________ 50 2. La renaissance de la bière « de goût » ___________________________________ 51 a- La riposte des consommateurs ________________________________________ 51 b- La bière de dégustation : un marché nouveau_____________________________ 54 PARTIE II : L'ELABORATION D'UN NECTAR ___________________ 56 I- DEFINITIONS ET REGLEMENTATION _________________________________ 57 1. Définition légale_____________________________________________________ 57 2. Catégories de bières _________________________________________________ 57 a- En fonction de leur densité ___________________________________________ 57 b- En fonction de leur mode de fermentation _______________________________ 58 3. Législation concernant les additifs et les auxiliaires technologiques __________ 59 II- LES MATIERES PREMIERES ________________________________________ 61 1. L’eau : source de la bière _____________________________________________ 62 a- Quantités mises en œuvre ____________________________________________ 62 b- Rôles et fonctions dans le goût de la bière _______________________________ 63 c- Traitement et correction des eaux ______________________________________ 66 2. Le malt et les matières fermentescibles__________________________________ 69 a- L’orge de brasserie _________________________________________________ 69 b- Le malt de brasserie_________________________________________________ 79 c- Les autres matières premières amylacées dites « auxiliaires » ________________ 85 2 3. Le houblon _________________________________________________________ 88 a- Utilisation historique du houblon comme matière amérisante et aromatisante ___ 88 b- Culture et botanique ________________________________________________ 89 c- Composition chimique ______________________________________________ 93 d- Les variétés de houblon______________________________________________ 96 III- LE MALTAGE ______________________________________________________ 98 1. Introduction ________________________________________________________ 98 2. Les opérations du maltage ____________________________________________ 98 a- Opérations préliminaires _____________________________________________ 99 b- Le trempage______________________________________________________ 102 c- La germination ___________________________________________________ 102 d- Le touraillage_____________________________________________________ 107 e- Influence des étapes du maltage ______________________________________ 110 IV- LE BRASSAGE ____________________________________________________ 111 1. Le concassage______________________________________________________ 112 2. Le brassage________________________________________________________ 113 a- Principes théoriques du brassage______________________________________ 113 b- Les techniques du brassage __________________________________________ 119 3. Filtration de la maïsche______________________________________________ 125 4. Cuisson et houblonnage du moût______________________________________ 127 5. Le traitement du moût ______________________________________________ 130 a- Elimination du trouble______________________________________________ 130 b- Refroidissement du moût ___________________________________________ 131 c- Aération du moût__________________________________________________ 132 V- LEVURES ET FERMENTATIONS ____________________________________ 133 1. Les levures de bière_________________________________________________ 133 a- Classification des levures ___________________________________________ 134 b- Morphologie et cytologie ___________________________________________ 135 c- Reproduction des levures ___________________________________________ 136 d- Principaux métabolismes____________________________________________ 138 e- Améliorations génétiques de la levure _________________________________ 143 f- Floculance de la levure _____________________________________________ 145 g- Métabolites fermentaires____________________________________________ 146 h- Les levures de brasserie_____________________________________________ 149 2. Technologies de la fermentation ______________________________________ 152 a- L’ensemencement _________________________________________________ 153 b- La fermentation principale ou fermentation primaire ______________________ 153 c- La fermentation secondaire ou garde __________________________________ 159 d- Manipulations finales ______________________________________________ 162 PARTIE III : COMPOSITION ET VALEUR NUTRITIONNELLE ___ 168 I- UNE GRANDE VARIABILITE DES COMPOSITIONS _____________________ 169 3 II- L’EAU ET L’EXTRAIT SEC _________________________________________ 172 1. L’eau_____________________________________________________________ 172 a- L’eau de l’organisme humain ________________________________________ 172 b- Les causes de pertes d’eau __________________________________________ 173 c- Les apports en eau_________________________________________________ 174 2. L’extrait sec _______________________________________________________ 175 III- LES GLUCIDES ___________________________________________________ 176 1. Composition et apports énergétiques __________________________________ 176 2. Métabolisme_______________________________________________________ 176 3. Bière et paramètres métaboliques _____________________________________ 177 a- Evolution des paramètres glucidiques__________________________________ 178 b- Evolution des paramètres lipidiques ___________________________________ 180 IV- LES PROTEINES __________________________________________________
Recommended publications
  • Featured Cocktails
    Bottles & Cans Pale Ales & IPA’s Ballast Point Sculpin (16 oz. Can) 7.0% ABV, IPA, CA, 7.75 Clown Shoes Space Cake (16 oz. Can) 9.0% ABV, Double IPA, MA, 7.5 Featured Dogfish Head 60 Minute (Can) 6.0% ABV, IPA, DE, 6 Dogfish Head 90 Minute 9.0% ABV, Double IPA, DE, 7.5 Dogfish Head Liquid Truth Serum (16 oz. Can) 6.8% ABV, IPA, DE, 7.75 Cocktails Funk/Evergrain Perfect Strangers (16 oz. Can) 7.9% ABV, Double IPA, PA, 8.5 Lagunitas IPA 5.7% ABV, IPA, CA, 6 The Classic Mule 9.5 Lagunitas Daytime 4.65% ABV, Session IPA, CA. 5.5 Stateside Vodka, lime juice, Lagunitas Sumpin’ Easy (19.2 oz. Can) 5.7% ABV Pale Ale, CA, 6 ginger beer Lord Hobo Boom Sauce (16 oz. Can) 7.8% ABV, NEIPA, MA, 7.5 Peak Organic The Juice (16 oz. Can) 5.6% ABV, American Pale Ale, ME, 7.5 Gold Rush 10.5 Revision DIPA (12 oz. Can) 8.0% ABV, Double IPA, NV, 8.5 Maker’s Mark Bourbon, Honey Sierra Nevada Pale Ale (16 oz. CAN) 5.6% ABV, Pale, CA, 6 Syrup, fresh lemon juice Sierra Nevada Hazy Little Thing (Can) 6.7% ABV, IPA, CA, 5.75 Sly Fox 360 IPA (16 oz. CAN) 6.2% ABV, IPA, PA, 6 The Process 8.5 Stone Fear.Movie.Lions (16 oz. Can) 8.5% ABV, Double IPA, CA, 7.25 2 Gingers Irish Whiskey, Muddled Stone Tangerine Express (Can) 6.7% ABV, IPA, CA, 6 Lemon, Ginger Ale, Grenadine Tröegs Perpetual (16 oz.
    [Show full text]
  • Samuel Smith's Organic Chocolate Stout and Lindemans Framboise
    For That Occasion Samuel Smith’s Organic Chocolate Stout and Lindemans Framboise Raspberry Lambic Chocolate & Raspberries For That Occasion! Samuel Smith’s Brewery - Organic Chocolate Stout Samuel Smith’s Old Brewery at Tadcaster, one of England’s few remaining independent breweries, was founded in 1758 and is the oldest in Yorkshire. Water from the original well is used to brew all beers, and every drop of ale is still fermented in traditional ‘Yorkshire Squares’ - open-topped vessels made of stone. Each Smith beer is a benchmark for its style, but Samuel Smith’s Organic Chocolate Stout has been the most dramatic beer introduction in the history of the brewery. Chocolate is beautifully melded to the full, roasty flavour of stout: it’s deep, aromatic, & satisfying; a full body with fruity notes from the Sam Smith yeast strain support the lush chocolate aroma and flavour. USDA Certified Organic by the UK Soil Association. 18.7 oz. Organic Chocolate Stout 12 oz. Organic Chocolate Stout 4-pk 12 oz. Organic Chocolate Stout Lindemans Brewery - Framboise Raspberry Lambic Since 1822, Lindemans Brewery has been the benchmark producer of one of the world's rarest and most unusual beers: "spontaneously fermented" all-natural Lambic Ale. After brewing a wort from locally-grown wheat & barley, lambic brewers allow wild, airborne yeast to ferment the beer - no yeast is added by the brewers. Complex, unique flavours result from this magic mixture of multiple wild yeast strains; the addition of fresh fruit juice with light sweetening lead to a beautifully balanced, elegant masterpiece. Lambics can be produced only in Belgium's Senne River Valley, west of Brussels.
    [Show full text]
  • House Seasonal Reserve & Vault Bottle Conditioned
    FLIGHTS ABBEY ALES | Gold Standard, Deduction, Exemption, Qualified $6 SEASONAL | Pre-Selected offering of (4) 4oz pours $8 BARREL AGED & SOURS | Pre-Selected offering of (4) 4oz pours $10 BUILD A FLIGHT | Select (4) 4oz pours from choices below Varies HOUSE Critically acclaimed Belgian-inspired ales available year round In House Carry-Out LA MAISON | Farmhouse Ale | 25 IBU | 7.2% 4oz $2 | 16oz $5 64oz $12 | 4pk $5.99 | Cs $30 GOLD STANDARD | Belgian Blonde | 20 IBU | 6.2% 4oz $2 | 16oz $5 64oz $12 | 4pk $5.99 | Cs $30 DEDUCTION | Dubbel | 20 IBU | 8% 4oz $2 | 12oz $5 64oz $12 | 4pk $5.99 | Cs $30 EXEMPTION | Tripel | 30 IBU | 8.5% 4oz $2 | 12oz $5 64oz $12 | 4pk $5.99 | Cs $35 QUALIFIED | Quadrupel | 28 IBU | 9.5% 4oz $2 | 10oz $5 64oz $14 | 4pk $6.99 | Cs $35 SEASONAL A constantly rotating selection of Belgian-inspired ales available for a limited time In House Carry-Out GIN BARREL CiTRUST | Imperial Saison | 25 IBU | 9% 4oz $3 | 10oz $7 64oz $18 | 4pk $12.99 HOP AUDIT: LEMONDROP | Farmhouse IPA | 60 IBU | 6.5% 4oz $2.5 | 16oz $6 64oz $14 | 4pk $7.99 CHERRY PICKER | Dubbel Ale w/ Cherries | 30 IBU | 8% 4oz $2.5 | 12oz $6 64oz $14 TROPICAL WIT-HELD | Belgian White w/ Fruit & Spices | 30 IBU | 10% 4oz $2.5 | 10oz $6 64oz $14 | 4pk $7.99 FARMHOUSE SELTZER | Blackberry & Lime Hard Seltzer | 5% 4oz $2.5 | 16oz $6 64oz $14 ASSESSMENT #2 | Farmhouse Saison | 60 IBU | 6% 4oz $2.5 | 16oz $6 64oz $14 | 4pk $8.99 InvEster | Golden Ale w/ Honey and Vanilla | 13 IBU | 8.5% 4oz $2.5 | 12oz $6 64oz $15 | 4pk $8.99 Frozen Assets | Stout w Chocolate
    [Show full text]
  • Summer LAGUNITAS DAYTIME IPA $9 | $18 | $36 Summer NOBLE VINES ROSÉ $72 Cider 4% ABV Lagunitas Brewing, Petaluma, CA $5.75 FLEUR DE MER ROSÉ $96 ROSÉ B.A.M
    MARGARITA Cocktails blanco tequila, agave, lime $10 BOURBON MULE PEACH BASIL COLLINS bourbon, housemade ginger beer, vodka, st. germain, peach, basil, citrus, soda $10 citrus $10 Belgian/Belgian-Style German CHIMAY GRANDE RESERVE (BLUE) AYINGER CELEBRATOR DOPPELBOCK 9% ABV Bières de Chimay, Belgium $15 6.7% ABV Braüerei Aying, Germany $9 FROZEN PALOMA tequila, grapefruit, lime, salt $10 ORVAL TRAPPIST ALE SCHLENKERLA HELLES LAGER 6.9% ABV Brasserie d'Orval, Belgium $14.50 4.3% ABV Schlenkerla, Germany $10 STRAWBERRY LEMONADE LA CHOUFFE GOLDEN Deep Eddy Lemon vodka, housemade SCHNEIDER WEISSE AVENTINUS lemonade $10 8% ABV Brasserie d'Achouffe, Belgium $14 8.2% ABV G. Schneider & Sohn, Germany $9.50 OMMEGANG THREE PHILOSOPHERS PAULANER SALVATOR 9.7% ABV Ommegang, Cooperstown, NY $14 7.9% ABV Paulaner Brauerei, Germany $7 ROSÉ GARDEN LINDEMANS FRAMBOISE LAMBIC 2.5% ABV Brouwerij Lindemans, Belgium $14 Hops BEARDED IRIS HOMESTYLE IPA ROSÉ TOWERS ROSÉ SANGRIA LINDEMANS GUEUZE CUVÉE RENÉ 6.3% ABV Bearded Iris Brewing, Nashville, TN $9 1.5 liter chilled towers orange juice, strawberry, grand marnier GLASS | 1/2 CARAFE | FULL CARAFE 5.2% ABV Brouwerij Lindemans, Belgium $14 serves 4-6 Summer LAGUNITAS DAYTIME IPA $9 | $18 | $36 Summer NOBLE VINES ROSÉ $72 Cider 4% ABV Lagunitas Brewing, Petaluma, CA $5.75 FLEUR DE MER ROSÉ $96 ROSÉ B.A.M. ORIGINAL SIN DRY ROSÉ CIDER UINTA CLEAR DAZE JUICY IPA big a** mimosa with rosé and 6.5% ABV Original Sin, Hudson Valley, NY $6.50 6% ABV Uinta Brewing, Salt Lake City, UT $5.75 ROSÉ SANGRIA $72 grapefruit served
    [Show full text]
  • PALM Breweries RODENBACH Brewery DE GOUDEN BOOM Brewery BOON Brewery
    PALM BREWERIES RODENBACH BREWERY DE GOUDEN BOOM BREWERY BOON BREWERY SECOND, FULLY REVISED EDITION MAY 2013 OPEN A WORLD OF TASTE PALM Breweries occupies a unique position in the beer landscape because it is the only brewery group in the world brewing authentic Belgian beers using the four traditional fermentation methods – top fermentation, mixed fermentation, spontaneous fermentation and bottom fermentation – at three specialised, historic sites in Belgium: PALM Breweries in Steenhuffel, RODENBACH Brewery in Roeselare, and BOON Brewery in Lembeek. The aim of our brewery group is to further develop its passion for authentic Belgian thorough- bred beers and to share these with consumers eager to discover and experience them. Open a world of taste and discover our pure Belgian thoroughbred beers! Cheers! Jan Toye Family brewer 3 CONTENT 4 Masterclass 5 Content 01 ANCHORED IN 04 DE GOUDEN BOOM BREWERY 102 THE BELGIAN BEER TRADITION 8 04.1 HISTORY 104 04.2 TOP-FERMENTATION BREWING PROCESS 108 01.1 BREWers’ BLOOD RUNS IN OUR FAMILY 10 04.3 TOP-FERMENTATION THOROUGHBRED BEERS 116 01.2 HISTORY OF BEER AND OF PALM BREWERIES 14 04.4 VISIT TO THE BREWERY 130 01.3 BELGIUM: A UNIQUE BEER NATION 22 01.4 A UNIQUE BREWERY GROUP 26 01.5 GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE 32 05 BOON BREWERY 134 05.1 HISTORY 136 02 PALM BREWERIES 36 05.2 SPONTANEOUS FERMENTATION BREWING PROCESS 140 05.3 SPONTANEOUS FERMENTATION THOROUGHBRED BEERS 146 02.1 HISTORY 38 05.4 VISIT TO THE BREWERY 154 02.2 TOP-FERMENTATION BREWING PROCESS 42 02.3 BOTTOM-FERMENTATION BREWING PROCESS 50 02.4
    [Show full text]
  • Belgian Fruit and Sour
    Belgian fruit and sour beer Lindemans Cassis 3.5% 35.5cl 3.90 blackberry lambic lambic blended with tart, young blackberries, juicy, fruity and full Timmermans - Strawberry/Pêche/Framboise/Kriek 4% 33cl 3.50 lambic lovely peach, strawberry, raspberry or cherry beer Fruli-Strawberry 4.1% 33cl 2.60 wheat beer smooth and well-balanced, not-too-sweet fruit beer Cantillon lambic Bio 100% (2018) 5.5% 37.5cl 13.60 geuze acidic,fruity taste, delicate woody fragrance and a dry finish Verhaeghe Vichtenaar 5.1% 25cl 3.65 Flanders red ale sweet and tart with fruity sherry and funky oak notes Petrus Rood Bruin 5.5% 33cl 4.10 Flemish red ale well balanced, dark sour fruit flavours, matured in oak 3 Fonteinen Oude Geuze 18/19 #1 5.6% 37.5cl 7.65 lambic geuze funky floral blend of aged lambics, fruity sour finish Bacchus Kriek 5.8% 37.5cl 4.30 Flemish brown oodles of cherries give it a rich, sweet/sourness and a hint of almonds t’Verzet Oud Bruin 6% 33cl 4.20 oud bruin sour red ale, bread, red fruit, green apple and a dry finish Duchesse De Bourgogne 6.2% 33cl 4.15 Flanders red ale very sour, almost vinegary complex dark ale 3 Fonteinen Oude Geuze Kriek 17/18 #82 6.3% 37.5cl 8.05 cherry lambic young and old blended lambic with sour cherries Boon Oude Geuze 7% 37.5cl 5.00 gueuze 18-month old sweet lambic, 3-year-old and young lambic Boon Oude Geuze Mariage Parfait 8% 37.5cl 6.10 lambic dry tart apple and sparkling citrus Boon Oude Geuze Mariage Parfait Kriek 8% 37.5cl 8.80 lambic 3-year-old Lambic fermented with overripe cherries Kasteel Rouge 8% 50cl can 4.50 cherry beer 500ml of delicious brune ale blended with french cherries, winner Bush Pêche Mel’ 8.5% 33cl 4.40 amber lambic sweet ale flavoured with peaches.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Event Program
    2 Towns Ciderhouse • Corvallis, OR • 2townsciderhouse.com Kentucky Barrel Nice & Naughty Imperial Cider • 11% • 3/8 Tickets This specialty cider is fermented with dark Meadowfoam honey and aged in bourbon barrels with whole nutmeg, clove and cinnamon sticks for 12 months. Crammed full of cheerful winter spices that mingle with the wood and sweet bourbon aromas, this cider is sure to warm up your cold winter nights. 54-40 Brewing Co. • Washougal, WA • 5440beer.com OH SNAP! Winter Warmer • 7% • 16 IBU • 1/4 Tickets More than a half pound per barrel of real gingersnap cookies went into the mash of this delicious cookie-like winter ale, brewed in collaboration with Mecca Grade Malt using its Lamonta, Shaniko, and Opal malts. This beer drinks smooth with notes of toffee and––you guessed it––ginger. OH SNAP! Anthem Cider • Salem, OR • anthemcider.com HOLIDAY HONEYCRISP DELIGHT Semi-Dry Cider • 6% • 1/4 Tickets This cider uses single varietal Honeycrisp apples complemented by a Belgian wit ale yeast to provide a flavorful burst of fall apples. Finished with orange peel and holiday spices, it’s a cornucopia celebration of the season. Backwoods Brewing Co. • Carson, WA • backwoodsbrewingcompany.com SMOKED PECAN PIE PORTER Smoked Porter • 6.5% • 1/4 Tickets This porter is the perfect way to treat yourself. The brewery smoked the pecans and aged the beer on bourbon oak. Made with five different grains, including chocolate and caramel malt, this seasonal porter gives off subtle chocolate notes complemented with hints of vanilla and smoked pecans. Bauman’s Cider • Gervais, OR • baumanscider.con NUTS IN CIDER––I HARDLY KNOW ‘ER Spiced Cider • 7.1% • 2/6 Tickets A delicious cider infused with sweet, spicy pecans and hazelnuts, warming cinnamon, cloves, and just the tiniest pinch of cayenne.
    [Show full text]
  • 130512213.23.Pdf
    ABS.1.7S.37? i » THE VINTNER, AND SPIRIT DEALER’S CONTAINING A GREAT VARIETY OF THE MOST APPROVED RECIPES, FOR THE MAKING, MIXING, MANAGING, FLAVOURING, COLOURING, AND BOTTLING, FOREIGN AND BRITISH SPIRITS, PORTER, AND ALES. ADAPTED TO EVERY BRANCH OF THE WINE, PORTER, ALE, AND SPIRIT TRADE. BY ALEXANDER PEDDIE, Author of the Cottonand Linen Weaver’s Assistant, Practical Measurer,’ ©la^gnln, PUBLISHED BY KHULL, BLACKIE, & CO. AND ARCHIBALD FULLARTON & CO. EDINBURGH. 1835. ENTERED IN STATIONERS HALL. O' B THE FOLLOWING RECIPES, NOTES, AND INSTRUCTIONS, Upon the MAKING, MIXING, AND PROPER MANAGEMENT OF WINES, PORTER, ALES, AND SPIRITS, ARE RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, TO THE WINE MERCHANTS, SPIRIT DEALERS, AND BREWERS OF ^cotlantr, (ffiiiglanlf, anU Srclanir, BY ALEX. PEDDIE. ■ > PREFACE. T o say much upon the usefulness and importance of a work of this kind, would be superfluous, vain and idle; the worth of it will be fully appreciated by those for whom it is particularly intended. All that seems necessary is, to give a short outline of the plan of the work, and point out where a little deviation (from the nature of the substances em- ployed), at particular times may be absolutely ne- cessary. It is now a number of years since I formed a de- sign of compiling a work of this kind, for the use of those engaged in the wine and spirit trade; and I would not at this time, in all likelihood, have brought it into the notice of the public, had it not been for the repeated solicitations of many respecta- ble wine merchants and spirit dealers in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Greenock, and other places, to whom I shewed the manuscript copy, that I might receive their opinion upon its merits.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 BJCP Beer Style Guidelines
    BEER JUDGE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM 2015 STYLE GUIDELINES Beer Style Guidelines Copyright © 2015, BJCP, Inc. The BJCP grants the right to make copies for use in BJCP-sanctioned competitions or for educational/judge training purposes. All other rights reserved. Updates available at www.bjcp.org. Edited by Gordon Strong with Kristen England Past Guideline Analysis: Don Blake, Agatha Feltus, Tom Fitzpatrick, Mark Linsner, Jamil Zainasheff New Style Contributions: Drew Beechum, Craig Belanger, Dibbs Harting, Antony Hayes, Ben Jankowski, Andew Korty, Larry Nadeau, William Shawn Scott, Ron Smith, Lachlan Strong, Peter Symons, Michael Tonsmeire, Mike Winnie, Tony Wheeler Review and Commentary: Ray Daniels, Roger Deschner, Rick Garvin, Jan Grmela, Bob Hall, Stan Hieronymus, Marek Mahut, Ron Pattinson, Steve Piatz, Evan Rail, Nathan Smith,Petra and Michal Vřes Final Review: Brian Eichhorn, Agatha Feltus, Dennis Mitchell, Michael Wilcox TABLE OF CONTENTS 5B. Kölsch ...................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION TO THE 2015 GUIDELINES............................. IV 5C. German Helles Exportbier ...................................... 9 Styles and Categories .................................................... iv 5D. German Pils ............................................................ 9 Naming of Styles and Categories ................................. iv Using the Style Guidelines ............................................ v 6. AMBER MALTY EUROPEAN LAGER .................................... 10 Format of a
    [Show full text]
  • Name, a Novel
    NAME, A NOVEL toadex hobogrammathon /ubu editions 2004 Name, A Novel Toadex Hobogrammathon Cover Ilustration: “Psycles”, Excerpts from The Bikeriders, Danny Lyon' book about the Chicago Outlaws motorcycle club. Printed in Aspen 4: The McLuhan Issue. Thefull text can be accessed in UbuWeb’s Aspen archive: ubu.com/aspen. /ubueditions ubu.com Series Editor: Brian Kim Stefans ©2004 /ubueditions NAME, A NOVEL toadex hobogrammathon /ubueditions 2004 name, a novel toadex hobogrammathon ade Foreskin stepped off the plank. The smell of turbid waters struck him, as though fro afar, and he thought of Spain, medallions, and cork. How long had it been, sussing reader, since J he had been in Spain with all those corkoid Spanish medallions, granted him by Generalissimo Hieronimo Susstro? Thirty, thirty-three years? Or maybe eighty-seven? Anyhow, as he slipped a whip clap down, he thought he might greet REVERSE BLOOD NUT 1, if only he could clear a wasp. And the plank was homely. After greeting a flock of fried antlers at the shevroad tuesday plied canticle massacre with a flash of blessed venom, he had been inter- viewed, but briefly, by the skinny wench of a woman. But now he was in Rio, fresh of a plank and trying to catch some asscheeks before heading on to Remorse. I first came in the twilight of the Soviet. Swigging some muck, and lampreys, like a bad dram in a Soviet plezhvadya dish, licking an anagram off my hands so the ——— woundn’t foust a stiff trinket up me. So that the Soviets would find out.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wines of the Bible
    The Wines of the Bible THE WINES OF THE BIBLE AN EXAMINATION AND REFUTATION OF THE UNFERMENTED WINE THEORY BY THE REV. A.M. WILSON LONDON: HAMILTON, ADAMS & CO. EDINBURGH: ANDREW ELLIOT. GLASGOW: THOMAS D. MORISON MANCHESTER: JOHN BOYD 1877 2 The Wines of the Bible Preface The question as to the nature of Ancient Wines in general, and of the Wines of the Bible in particular, has been forced into special prominence by recent discussions of the Wine of the Communion. Whether the writer of the following pages has been successful in exhibiting the true nature of these Wines, or has failed in the effort, he has at least, the satisfaction of knowing that he has done what he could. Having been a teetotaler for more than thirty years, his personal habits, associations, and sympathies have all been in favor of the unfermented theory; but the facts encountered in the present investigation, have constrained him, reluctantly, to conclude that, so far as the Wines of the Ancients are concerned, Unfermented Wine is a myth. E. U. Manse, Bathgate, April, 1877 3 The Wines of the Bible Publishers Introduction It is with extreme pleasure to reproduce A.M. Wilson’s epic book, “The Wines of the Bible.” It has been out of print for years and almost impossible to obtain a copy. This present reproduction was taken from photo copies obtained over 30 years ago from a borrowed library loan copy. The following pages were hand typed over many hours and so all spelling errors are due to the present publisher rather than the original copy used.
    [Show full text]
  • Politecnico Di Torino
    POLITECNICO DI TORINO Collegio di Ingegneria Gestionale Master of Science Degree in Engineering and Management Master of Science Thesis Analysis of the craft beer movement in Italy Supervisor Candidate Prof. Luigi Benfratello Tommaso Magrì Academic Year 2018/2019 2 Summary The purpose of this thesis is to describe the current state of the beer market in Italy with a qualitative and quantitative focus on craft breweries. Since it has been influencing the demand and setting new minimum quality levels, the Italian craft beer movement has become more important in recent years. The first chapter analyses the concept of beer: its origin and how it has evolved over the centuries, the raw materials of which it is composed and its production process. Furthermore, this chapter provides a brief description of the differences in the production process between industrial and craft beer. The second chapter begins with a general overview of the global beer market: some parameters (like market size, growth rates and trends) are provided. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of three continents (and respective countries), where the largest amount of beer is produced, is carried out: Asia (China), America (USA) and Europe (United Kingdom), with an overview of their craft beer movements. The third chapter focuses on the Italian beer market. It begins with an analysis of the Italian legislation and continues with a snapshot view of the sector. The displayed data and numbers help the reader to understand the market situation: production and consumption, imports and exports, main competitors, distribution channels and suppliers are taken into consideration. The fourth chapter deals with an empirical analysis of a sample of brewing firms.
    [Show full text]