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Gonorrhea Also Called the "Clap" Or "Drip," Gonorrhea Is a Contagious Disease Transmitted Most Often ​ ​ ​ ​ Through Sexual Contact with an Infected Person

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Gonorrhea Also Called the Gonorrhea Also called the "clap" or "drip," gonorrhea is a contagious disease transmitted most often ​ ​ ​ ​ through sexual contact with an infected person. Gonorrhea may also be spread by contact with infected bodily fluids, so that a mother could pass on the infection to her newborn during ​ ​ childbirth. Both men and women can get gonorrhea. The infection is easily spread and occurs ​ most often in people who have many sex partners. ​ ​ What Causes Gonorrhea? Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a bacterium that can grow and multiply easily ​ ​ in mucus membranes of the body. Gonorrhea bacteria can grow in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and fallopian ​ ​ tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to ​ ​ outside the body) in women and men. The bacteria can also grow in the mouth, throat, and ​ ​ anus. ​ Gonorrhea symptoms in women ● Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the vagina ​ ● Lower abdominal or pelvic pain ​ ● Burning when urinating ● Conjunctivitis (red, itchy eyes) ​ ​ ​ ● Bleeding between periods ● Spotting after intercourse ● Swelling of the vulva (vulvitis) Gonorrhea symptoms in men ● Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the penis ​ ● Burning when urinating ● Burning in the throat (due to oral sex) ● Painful or swollen testicles ​ ● Swollen glands in the throat (due to oral sex) In men, symptoms usually appear two to 14 days after infection. How Is Gonorrhea Treated? To cure a gonorrhea infection, your doctor will give you either an oral or injectable antibiotic. Your partner should also be treated at the same time to prevent reinfection and further spread of the disease. It is important to take all of your antibiotics even if you feel better. Also, never take someone ​ ​ else's medication to treat your illness. By doing so, you may make the infection more difficult to ​ ​ treat. In addition, ● Tell anyone you have had sex with recently that you are infected. This is important because gonorrhea may have no symptoms. Women, especially, may not have symptoms and may not seek testing or treatment unless alerted by their sex partners. ● Don't have sex until you have completed taking all of your medicine. ● Always use condoms when having sex. ​ ​ What Happens if I Don't Treat Gonorrhea? Untreated gonorrhea can cause serious and permanent problems in both women and men. In women, if left untreated, the infection can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which may ​ ​ damage the fallopian tubes (the tubes connecting the ovaries to the uterus) or even lead to ​ infertility. And untreated gonorrhea infection could increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy, a ​ ​ ​ condition in which the fertilized egg develops outside the uterus. This is a dangerous condition for both mother and baby. In men, gonorrhea can cause epididymitis, a painful condition of the testicles that can ​ ​ sometimes lead to infertility if left untreated. Without prompt treatment, gonorrhea can also ​ ​ affect the prostate and can lead to scarring inside the urethra, making urination difficult. ​ ​ Gonorrhea can spread to the blood or joints. This condition can be life-threatening. Also, people ​ ​ with gonorrhea can more easily contract HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. People with HIV ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ infection and gonorrhea are more likely than people with HIV infection alone to transmit HIV to someone else. EHEC (E. coli) ​ ​ E. coli is a bacterium that lives in the digestive tracts of people and animals. Some types of E. coli can cause bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting. In some people, this type of E. coli may also cause severe anemia or kidney failure, which can lead to death. Other strains of E. coli can cause urinary tract infections or other infections. You get an E. coli infection by coming into contact with the feces of humans or animals, directly or through tainted, undercooked food. Symptoms usually start 3 or 4 days after contact with the E. coli. Lyme disease What Is Lyme Disease? Lyme disease is an infection that is transmitted through the bite of a tick infected with a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. Ticks typically get the bacterium by biting infected ​ ​ animals, like deer and mice. Most people who get tick bites do not get Lyme disease. Not all ticks are infected, and the risk for contracting the disease increases the longer the tick is attached to the body. Symptoms: Early Stage Within one to four weeks of being bitten by an infected tick, most people will experience some symptoms of Lyme disease. A circular, expanding (bulls-eye shaped) rash (called erythema migrans) at the site of the bite develops in about 70%-80% of cases. Some people report flu-like symptoms at this stage, including fever, chills, headaches, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, and muscle aches. Symptoms: As the Infection Spreads If the disease is not detected and treated in its early stages, it can extend to more areas of the body, affecting the joints, heart, and nervous system (after several weeks to months after the initial bite). Additional rashes may occur, and there may be intermittent periods of pain and weakness in the arms or legs. Facial-muscle paralysis (Bell's palsy), headaches, and poor memory are other symptoms at this stage, along with a rapid heartbeat and some loss of control of facial muscles. Symptoms: Late-Stage Disease This is the most serious stage of the disease, when treatment was either not successful or never started (usually occurring many months after the initial bite). Joint inflammation (arthritis), typically in the knees, becomes apparent, and may become chronic. The nervous system can develop abnormal sensation because of disease of peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy), and confusion. Heart problems are less common, but can include inflammation of the heart muscle and an irregular beat. Do All Ticks Transmit Lyme Disease? No. In the northeastern and north-central U.S., the black-legged tick (or deer tick) transmits Lyme disease. In the Pacific coastal U.S., the disease is spread by the western black-legged tick. Other major tick species found in the U.S., including the lone star tick and the dog tick, have NOT been shown to transmit the Lyme disease bacterium. But beware: Lyme disease has been reported in all 50 states, as well as in Canada, Europe, Asia, Australia, and South America. Staph infection (MRSA) What is MRSA? This tiny cluster of bacteria is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), seen under a microscope. This strain of the common "staph" bacteria causes infections in different parts of the body -- including the skin, lungs, and other areas. MRSA is sometimes called a "superbug" because it doesn’t respond to many antibiotics. Though most MRSA infections are minor, some can be life-threatening. MRSA Skin Infection: Signs & Symptoms MRSA infections can appear as a small red bump, pimple, or boil. The area may be tender, swollen, or warm to the touch. Most of these infections are mild, but they can change, becoming deeper and more serious. MRSA Skin Infection: Abscess Without proper, timely care, the bacteria can cause a minor infection site to become an abscess -- a painful lump under the skin that’s filled with pus. Treatment may require surgical drainage and antibiotics. MRSA: How Do People Catch It? MRSA is spread by touching an infected person or exposed item when you have an open cut or scrape. Poor hygiene -- sharing razors, towels, or athletic gear can also be to blame. Two in 100 people carry the bacteria on their bodies, but usually don't get sick. Typhoid Fever What is typhoid fever? Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. ​ ​ ​ ​ It can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi, a related bacterium that usually causes a less ​ ​ ​ severe illness. The bacteria are deposited in water or food by a human carrier and are then spread to other people in the area. The incidence of typhoid fever in the United States has markedly decreased since the early 1900s, when tens of thousands of cases were reported in the U.S. Today, less than 400 cases are reported annually in the United States, mostly in people who have recently traveled to Mexico and South America. This improvement is the result of better environmental sanitation. India, Pakistan, and Egypt are also known as high-risk areas for developing this disease. Worldwide, typhoid fever affects more than 21 million people annually, with about 200,000 people dying from the disease. How Do People Get Typhoid Fever? Typhoid fever is contracted by drinking or eating the bacteria in contaminated food or water. People with acute illness can contaminate the surrounding water supply through stool, which contains a high concentration of the bacteria. Contamination of the water supply can, in turn, taint the food supply. The bacteria can survive for weeks in water or dried sewage. Typhoid fever can also be passed to other by failing to wash your hands after using the restroom and handling items belonging to others. About 3%-5% of people become carriers of the bacteria after the acute illness. Others suffer a very mild illness that goes unrecognized. These people may become long-term carriers of the bacteria -- even though they have no symptoms -- and be the source of new outbreaks of typhoid fever for many years. Tetanus What is tetanus? Tetanus is a disease caused by a bacterial infection. The bacteria make a toxin, or poison, that ​ ​ ​ causes severe muscle spasms. Tetanus can be very dangerous, but you can get a shot to ​ ​ prevent it. Tetanus is also called "lockjaw" because muscle spasms in your jaw make it hard to open your mouth.
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