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Young Persons with Disabilities YOUNG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: GLOBAL STUDY ON ENDING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE, AND REALISING SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS © UNFPA July 2018 The contents of this publication are available in accessible formats. Please contact us at the following address or site with your requirements. For additional information including detailed methodology, data collection tools, and other deliverables associated with this piece of research, please contact us at the following address with your request. Mailing address: United Nations Population Fund 605 Third Avenue New York, NY, 10158 Online inquiry: https://www.unfpa.org/contact Photo credits: © Drazen, GettyImages; © 2015 Ghanshyam Kahar, Courtesy of Photoshare; © Maskot, GettyImages; © 2014 Sanghamitra Sarkar, Courtesy of Photoshare; © Ollivier Girard; © Imagesbybarbara, GettyImages; © Amanda Voisard, UN Photo; © Christopher Herwig, UN Photo; © Martin Bowra, GettyImages; © 2013 Md. Khalid Rayhan Shawon, Courtesy of Photoshare; © 2013 Mihail Kopychko, Courtesy of Photoshare; © Jaren Wicklund, GettyImages; © Funky Data, GettyImages. Design and layout: Phoenix Design Aid, Denmark YOUNG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: GLOBAL STUDY ON ENDING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE, AND REALISING SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS iv YOUNG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES CONTENTS CHAPTER 2: RECOGNISING Acknowledgements 5 THE RIGHTS OF YOUNG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN DIVERSE Introduction 7 CONTEXTS 49 Taking disability into account 9 Overview of methodology 10 I. Introduction 50 Organisation of the study 13 Chapter overview 51 CHAPTER 1: UNDERSTANDING II. Humanitarian crises and fragile contexts 53 THE ISSUE 15 III. Poverty and disability 56 I. Introduction 16 Chapter overview 16 IV. Rural settings 60 II. The Intersections of Youth, Disability, and Gender 18 V. Inclusion in HIV prevention Disability and discrimination 20 and response 62 Young persons and disability 22 Gender and disability 24 VI. Institutions 64 III. Violence against young persons VII. Country Field Visits 68 with disabilities 25 Ecuador 68 Why is violence against young persons with disabilities so prevalent? 27 Morocco 72 Gender and the experience of violence Mozambique 73 for young women and girls with Spain 76 disabilities 28 Beliefs and practices not conducive to human rights and special forms of VIII. Conclusion 80 violence against young persons with disabilities 31 Responses to violence: Access to justice for young persons with disabilities 35 CHAPTER 3: THE RIGHTS OF YOUNG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES – INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL IV. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights 38 NORMATIVE FRAMEWORKS 81 Comprehensive sexuality education and young persons with disabilities 40 I. Introduction 82 Access to sexual and reproductive Chapter overview 82 health services 43 Forced sterilisation and coerced abortion 45 II. Ensuring equality and HIV/AIDS and young persons with non-discrimination 82 disabilities 46 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 84 GLOBAL STUDY ON ENDING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE, AND REALISING SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS 1 Convention on the Rights of the Child 88 Putting strategies into action 143 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Strengthening legal systems 146 of Discrimination Against Women 88 Supporting and empowering Declarations, resolutions, and survivors of violence 149 international norms 89 Budgeting for implementation 152 Accountability and data collection strategies 153 III. Preventing violence and ending harmful practices 94 V. Preventing and Responding to Violence against Young persons with IV. Achieving sexual and Disabilities in humanitarian crises 159 reproductive health and rights 97 Regional Mechanisms 100 Monitoring treaty obligations and VI. Conclusion 160 holding states accountable 113 CHAPTER 5: REALISING SEXUAL CHAPTER 4: PREVENTING AND AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RESPONDING TO GENDER-BASED RIGHTS FOR YOUNG PERSONS VIOLENCE AGAINST YOUNG WITH DISABILITIES 161 PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES 115 I. Introduction 162 I. Introduction 116 Chapter overview 165 Chapter overview 118 II. Global norms and standards for II. Prevention of and response to sexual and reproductive health and gender-based violence against rights and the inclusion of young young persons with disabilities 121 persons with disabilities 167 Focusing on prevention of gender-based violence against young persons with disabilities 121 III. Promising national strategies and Respecting the rights of young regional initiatives to ensure Sexual and persons with disabilities in responses Reproductive Health and Rights to gender-based violence 127 for young persons with disabilities 174 Comprehensive rights-based legal frameworks 174 III. Multinational and regional Services and programmatic interventions 180 initiatives on violence prevention and response 130 Comprehensive sexuality education and young persons with disabilities 182 Access to family planning and IV. Promising National Strategies to contraceptive services for young prevent and respond to gender-based persons with disabilities 190 violence against young persons Maternal health-care services 199 with disabilities 132 Disability inclusion in STI and HIV Comprehensive legal frameworks 132 prevention, treatment, and care services 203 Implementing policies to prevent and respond to violence against young Accountability and data collection persons with disabilities 138 strategies 207 National action plans to prevent and respond to violence against young IV. Conclusion 210 persons with disabilities 138 2 YOUNG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES CHAPTER 6: INCLUSION CHAPTER 7: RECOMMENDATIONS 259 OF CIVIL SOCIETY 211 I. Overview 260 I. Introduction 212 International standards 263 Chapter overview 215 Comprehensive, integrated, and twin-track approaches 263 Context and identity specific 264 II. What civil society can do 218 Capacity development and Giving voice 219 awareness raising 265 Raising stakeholder awareness 223 Participation and inclusion of Monitoring rights 226 civil society 266 Social support and services 231 Monitoring and evaluation 266 Data collection and research 267 Disability-inclusive budgeting 267 III. Barriers and facilitators 234 Gatekeeping and silencing 236 Organisational capacity and access II. Ending gender-based violence against to resources 240 young persons with disabilities 268 Social exclusion within the home, community, and civil society 244 III. Realising sexual and reproductive health and rights for young persons IV. Young persons with disabilities with disabilities 272 represented in civil society around the world 249 IV. Ensuring inclusion of young Global disability networks and international DPOs 249 persons with disabilities 276 Latin America and the Caribbean 252 Recommendations for states 276 Sub-Saharan Africa 253 Recommendations for UN agencies, civil society, academia, communities, Arab States 255 and the private sector 280 Asia and the Pacific 255 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 256 Western Europe and North America 257 Endnotes 284 V. Conclusion 258 Text Alternatives for Infographics 314 Annexes 323 GLOBAL STUDY ON ENDING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE, AND REALISING SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS 3 4 YOUNG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS with special recognition of Mario Vergara, Lola Valladares, Marcia Elena Alvarez, Pascale Barate, This Study was initiated and coordinated by the Agueda Nhantumbo, Won Young Hong, Abdel-Ilah Gender, Human Rights, and Culture Branch, of Yaakoubd, Mohamed Lardi, Jihad Zahir, and Laila the Technical Division, UNFPA. In particular, Acharai. We also acknowledge the kind support staff that provided leadership, coordination and of the Spanish Committee of Representatives of overall support to development of this Study People with Disabilities (CERMI), with a particular included Benoit Kalasa, Luis Mora, Leyla Sharafi, thanks to Isabel Caballero Pérez. Tsovinar Harutyunyan, Emilie Filmer-Wilson, and Anja Sletten. We are grateful for the following experts and specialists who provided invaluable resources The co-authors of the Study are Megan and input over the course of the Study through McCloskey and Stephen Meyers. Research was virtual and in-person consultations including conducted by the co-authors with the assistance as participants in the Expert Group Meeting and of Valerie Karr and Amy Weiss. Technical Advisory Group Meeting which were carried out at the Study’s inception and during Support for the Study was also provided by drafting of the final Study report, respectively. researchers in the four field visit countries who provided perspective and research assistance ■ James Aniyamuzaala, 360º Inclusion for All, during the field visits as well as input into final Uganda report findings. We thank Jorge Vinicio Fernández ■ Alessandra Aressu, Humanity & Inclusion Yépez (Ecuador), Azzouz Ettoussi (Morocco), (formerly Handicap International) Estêvão Jacinto Marrima (Mozambique), and ■ Rosangela Berman-Bieler, Disability Section, María del Pilar Gomiz Pascual (Spain) for their UNICEF contributions to this piece of research. ■ Bonnie Brayton, DAWN-RAFH Canada ■ Mussa Chiwaula, Southern African We would like to thank Lola Martin Villalba from Federation of the Disabled the Spanish Agency for International Development ■ Jennifer Collins-Foley, World Learning Cooperation (AECID), for her dedication and ■ Marineia de Crosara de Resende, Federal support to this initiative. This Study also benefited University of Uberlandia, Brazil from the insights and expertise of UNFPA staff ■ Vladimir
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