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Tourisme Et Patrimoine Récent À Casablanca

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Tourisme Et Patrimoine Récent À Casablanca Sous la direction de la Professeure Rachele Borghi Tourisme et patrimoine récent à Casablanca MÉMOIRE DE RECHERCHE Présenté à l’Unité d’enseignement et de recherche en Tourisme de l’Institut Universitaire Kurt Bösch pour obtenir le grade de Master of Arts interdisciplinaire en études du tourisme par Nazly SAFARZADEH de Pully, Vaud Mémoire N° ………….. SION Septembre, 2012 Résumé Casablanca, ville construite presque entièrement dans le courant du XXème siècle par le Protectorat français, a fait l’objet d’une quantité importante d’études historiques, urbanistiques et architecturales. Mais cette ville n’a que rarement été abordée du point de vue touristique. Dans le but de présenter un état des lieux de la mise en tourisme de Casablanca et de l’intégration du patrimoine architectural récent dans ce processus, ce travail de mémoire propose d’identifier l’image touristique actuelle de Casablanca. Aussi, deux acteurs principaux du développement touristique seront considérés, à savoir Casamémoire, association locale de sauvegarde du patrimoine récent et le Conseil régional du Tourisme, chargé de la promotion touristique de la ville. De plus, la prise en compte de quatre guides de voyage fréquemment utilisés permettra de vérifier l’image qui est diffusée aux potentiels visiteurs et la place occupée par le patrimoine récent dans la présentation de la ville. Mots-clés : patrimoine, patrimoine récent, mise en valeur du patrimoine, tourisme urbain, tourisme culturel Abstract Casablanca, a city that was almost entirely built during the 20th century by the French protectorate has been the subject of many important studies in the fields of history, urbanism and architecture. However, this city has but rarely been approached through the perspective of tourism. So as to present a survey of the development of tourism in Casablanca and the integration of recent architectural heritage into this process, this thesis offers to identify the present image of tourism in Casablanca. Also, two of the main actors of tourism development are taken into consideration, Casamémoire, a local association whose aim is to safeguard the recent heritage and the Regional Tourism Council, responsible for the promotion of tourism in Casablanca. Moreover, four of the most commonly used tourist guides are taken into account so as to offer a comparison and verify the image that is sent out to the potential visitors as well as to what extent the recent heritage is shown in the presentation of the city. Key-words : heritage, recent heritage, promotion of heritage, urban tourism, cultural tourism 1 Je souhaite adresser mes sincères remerciements aux personnes qui m’ont apporté leur soutien et qui ont contribué à l’élaboration de ce mémoire : La Professeure Rachele Borghi, Directrice du présent travail de mémoire. Le Professeur Stéphane Nahrath, responsable de l’Unité d’enseignement et de recherche en études du tourisme de l’Institut Universitaire Kurt Bösch. Le Professeur Philip Jaffé, Directeur de l’Institut Universitaire Kurt Bösch. Laure Augereau, Directrice de projets à Casamémoire. Abderrahim Kassou, Trésorier de Casamémoire. Jacqueline Alluchon, membre active de Casamémoire. Saïd Mouhid, Directeur du Conseil Régional du Tourisme de Casablanca. 2 Table des matières Introduction et problématique du mémoire ................................................................................ 6 1. Patrimoine et patrimoine récent : usages et interprétations .............................................. 8 1.1. Patrimoine et heritage ................................................................................................. 8 1.2. La notion de patrimoine récent et de recent heritage ................................................ 13 2. Intégration du discours sur le patrimoine dans les études de tourisme ........................... 16 2.1. Processus de patrimonialisation et lien entre tourisme et patrimoine ....................... 16 2.2. La mise en valeur du patrimoine bâti ........................................................................ 18 2.3. Tourisme urbain, tourisme culturel et tourisme patrimonial ..................................... 21 2.4. Les grandes institutions : approches du patrimoine et du tourisme ........................... 24 3. Méthodologie et opérationnalisation .............................................................................. 27 3.1. Contexte et limites spatio-temporelles de l’étude de terrain ..................................... 27 3.2. Méthodes d’analyse, description des données et sources .......................................... 30 3.2.1. Mode de production des données, choix des sources et méthodes d’analyse .... 30 3.2.2. Description des données ..................................................................................... 33 3.2.3. Les sources ......................................................................................................... 37 3.3. Enjeux et problèmes méthodologiques ...................................................................... 39 3.3.1. Période et durée de la recherche de terrain ........................................................ 39 3.3.2. Entretiens ............................................................................................................ 39 3.3.3. Biais .................................................................................................................... 39 4. Terrain : Casablanca ....................................................................................................... 41 4.1. Historique de la naissance de Casablanca ................................................................. 41 4.2. Le tourisme à Casablanca dans le cadre du tourisme au Maroc : histoire, statistiques et potentialités touristiques ................................................................................................... 44 4.3. Les projets de développement touristique à Casablanca ........................................... 49 4.3.1. Casa City Center ................................................................................................. 50 3 4.3.2. Projet de la Marina de Casablanca ..................................................................... 50 4.3.3. Aménagement des plages de Sidi Abderrahmane, d’Anfa et d’Aïn Sebaâ ........ 52 4.3.4. Réhabilitation de l’âme culturelle de Casablanca .............................................. 52 4.3.5. Projet du tramway .............................................................................................. 57 4.4. Le patrimoine récent à Casablanca ............................................................................ 58 4.4.1. Ancienne Médina et ville nouvelle ..................................................................... 58 4.4.2. Les Habous ou Nouvelle Médina ....................................................................... 61 4.4.3. Écochard : logements sociaux et programme industriel ..................................... 62 4.4.4. Destructions versus protection ........................................................................... 63 4.5. Acteurs du développement touristique de Casablanca .............................................. 66 4.5.1. Casamémoire : « Association de sauvegarde du patrimoine architectural du XXème siècle au Maroc » ................................................................................................... 66 4.5.2. Conseil régional du Tourisme de Casablanca .................................................... 78 4.6. L'image de la ville dans les guides de voyage ........................................................... 84 4.7. Pistes de réflexion et discussion des hypothèses ....................................................... 91 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 93 Références bibliographiques .................................................................................................... 95 Pages spécifiques de sites internet ......................................................................................... 100 Sources ................................................................................................................................... 102 Sites internet ........................................................................................................................... 103 Annexes 4 Table des figures Figures : Figure 1 : Périmètre du bien proposé à l’inscription ................................................................ 29 Figure 2 : Limites administratives de la ville de Casablanca ................................................... 29 Figure 3 : Vue d’ensemble du projet de la Marina ................................................................... 51 Figure 4 : Hôtel Lincoln ou Immeuble Bessoneau ................................................................... 53 Figure 5 : Église Sacré-Cœur ................................................................................................... 55 Figure 6 : Villa dite Rouge ....................................................................................................... 55 Figure 7 : la Mosquée Hassan II ............................................................................................... 56 Figure 8 : Le Palais de justice (1920-1923) ............................................................................. 60 Figure 9 : Vue aérienne du quartier des Habous vers 1955 ....................................................
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