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Les Identités Judéo-Marocaine Et Amazighe Dans Le Processus De Patrimonialisation De Casablanca

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Les Identités Judéo-Marocaine Et Amazighe Dans Le Processus De Patrimonialisation De Casablanca Valeurs patrimoniales en situation diasporique. Au prisme du Web : au prisme du Web : les identités Judéo-marocaine et Amazighe dans le processus de patrimonialisation de Casablanca. Marc David To cite this version: Marc David. Valeurs patrimoniales en situation diasporique. Au prisme du Web : au prisme du Web : les identités Judéo-marocaine et Amazighe dans le processus de patrimonialisation de Casablanca.. Histoire. Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2014. Français. NNT : 2014MON30072. tel- 01142824 HAL Id: tel-01142824 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01142824 Submitted on 16 Apr 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Délivré par l’Université Paul -Valéry Montpellier III Préparée au sein de l’école doctorale Territoires, Temps, Sociétés et Développement Et de l’unité de recher che UMR GRED Spécialité : Géographie et Aménagement de l’espace Présentée par Marc DAVID VALEURS PATRIMONIALES EN SITUATION DIASPORIQUE Au prisme du Web : les identités judéo-marocaine et amazighe dans les processus de patrimonialisation de Casablanca Soutenue le 18 décembre 2014 devant le jury composé M. Raffaele CATTEDRA, Professeur, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier III D i r e c t e u r M. Robert ESCALLIER , Professeur Émérite, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis Rapporteur M. Yvan GASTAUT , Maître de Conférences, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis Examinateur Mme Anna MADOEUF , Professeur, Université François-Rabelais - Tours Rapporteur M. Jean-Marie MIOSSEC , Professeur, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier III Examinateur 1 Résumé Les concepts fondamentaux de la géographie perçus à travers le triptyque mémoire-patrimoine-territoire permettent d’esquisser le cadre général de représentation des espaces expérimentés par l’homme. Dans cette perspective, cette thèse aborde le sens des valeurs patrimoniales en situation diasporique. Il s’agit de s’intéresser aux identités patrimoniales à l’épreuve du territoire selon les actions de nommer, valoriser et instrumenter les lieux. Ce travail de recherche s’appuie sur l’analyse des enjeux, des acteurs et des pratiques du processus de patrimonialisation au Maroc et à Casablanca. La recherche se fonde également sur l’analyse des contextes d’usages, du langage et de la symbolique des lieux au sein des forums du Web dédiés à la diaspora judéo-marocaine et amazighe. L’objectif principal de l’approche adoptée consiste à engager une réflexion sur la potentialité que les membres des forums du Web soient actants du processus patrimonial. Les résultats obtenus mettent à jour la nature du support mémoriel privilégié, par les identités judéo-marocaine et amazighe diasporées, pour la patrimonialisation virtuelle de leurs valeurs culturelles. Une approche des valeurs patrimoniales en situation diasporique par le biais des représentations virtuelles des identités juive et berbère du Maroc sur fond de « Web 2.0 ». Mots clés : Valeurs patrimoniales, processus de patrimonialisation, diaspora marocaine, forums communautaires du Web , identités judéo-marocaine et amazighe, représentations. Patrimonial values in situation of exile. Through the Web : the moroccan identities jewish and amazighe in the process of patrimonialisation to Casablanca Abstract The fundamental concepts of the geography perceived through the triptych memory-heritage-territory allow to sketch the general framework of representation of spaces experimented by the man. This thesis approaches the sense of patrimonial moral values in diasporique situation. The purpose is to consider the patrimonial identities in the test of the territory according to the actions to name, value and instrument places. This research work leans on the analysis of stakes, the actors and the practices of patrimonialisation in Morocco and in Casablanca. The research is also based on the analysis of the environmental frame, the language and some symbolism of places within the forums of Web dedicated to the jewish moroccan and amazighe diaspora. The main objective of the adopted approach consists in committing a reflection on the potentiality that the members of the forums of the Web are agents of the patrimonial process. The obtained results update the nature of the privileged memory support, by the jewish moroccan and amazighe identities of the exile, for the virtual patrimonialisation of their cultural values. An approach of the patrimonial values in situation of exile by means of the virtual representations of the jewish and berber identities of Morocco on the background « Web 2.0 ». Keyworks : Patrimonial values, process of patrimonialisation, Moroccan diaspora, community forums of Web , jewish moroccan and amazighe identities, representations. 2 Sommaire Introduction générale ........................................................................................ 9 PREMIÈRE PARTIE Les identités patrimoniales à l ’épreuve du territoire : nommer, valoriser et instrumenter les lieux ..................................................... 23 CHAPITRE 1 - Mémoire-patrimoine-territoire ............................................... 27 1.I. Approche méthodologique des processus de patrimonialisation ............................ 29 1.I.A. Le cadre épistémologique de la recherche ................................................... 30 1.I.B. Méthodologie du travail de recherche ........................................................ 34 1.II. L'approche territoriale du patrimoine .............................................................. 39 1.II.A. La territorialité publique, moyen d ’expression et de diffusion des valeurs patrimoniales .................................................................................................. 41 1.II.B. La fonction sociale du territoire et l ’émergence des valeurs patrimoniales ....... 47 1.III. Le concept de patrimoine : les valeurs génériques de l'espace urbain ................... 65 1.III.A. Le triptyque mémoire-patrimoine-territoire : les concepts opératoires pour l’analyse du tableau patrimonial à l ’œuvre ............................................................ 69 1.III.B. Circonscription socio-spatiale du triptyque mémoire –territoire –patrimoine et la résistance du lien à la ville .............................................................................. 80 CHAPITRE 2 - Enjeux, acteurs et pratiques de la patrimonialisation au Maroc et à Casablanca ..................................................................................................... 89 2.I. L ’émergence patrimoniale des questions judéo-marocaine et berbère .................... 91 2.I.A. Des objets de patrimonialisation aux objets du patrimoine colonial ................ 93 2.I.B. Le contexte idéologique du patrimoine après l ’Indépendance du Maroc ....... 104 2.I.C. L ’inscription des questions judéo-marocaine et berbère actuelles dans la dimension patrimoniale .................................................................................. 119 2.II. L ’image urbaine de Casablanca : reconfiguration spatiale, plans de sauvegarde et valorisation du centre historique .......................................................................... 135 2.II.A. Le centre historique de Casablanca : la place des Nations-Unies (ex-place de France), un exemple emblématique .................................................................. 138 2.II.B. La patrimonialisation de Casablanca........................................................ 151 3 DEUXIÈME PARTIE Forums communautaires de la diaspora et processus patrimonial : contextes d ’usages, langages patrimoniaux et symbolique des lieux ............... 163 CHAPITRE 3 - Environnement virtuel des langages patrimoniaux du Web ... 169 3.I. Un événement politique méditerranéen pour clarifier la fonction patrimoniale des forums du Web ................................................................................................. 171 3.I.A. Contextualisation et présentation du choix de l ’événement par le Net .......... 171 3.I.B. Règles du langage informel : chartes des forums judéo-marocain et amazigh du Web ............................................................................................................ 182 3.II. Indicateurs généraux de la tendance patrimoniale des forums du Web ................ 189 3.II.A. Essai de quantification de l ’intérêt d ’un sujet d ’actualité politique ............... 189 3.II.B. Présentation générale des thématiques patrimoniales des forums du Web ..... 200 CHAPITRE 4 - Les langages patrimoniaux du Web ........................................ 225 4.I. L ’approche technique de l ’information de la diaspora marocaine du Web ............ 227 4.I.A. Les forums communautaires du Web : traitement de l ’information et adaptabilité méthodologique ............................................................................................ 228 4.I.B. Les réalités virtuelles patrimoniales amazighes et judéo-marocaines du Web .. 233 4.II. Essai de spatialisation des souvenirs de la diaspora marocaine du Web ................. 247 4.II.A. Langages d'ailleurs : « Souvenirs de Casablanca
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