Pest Management Plans for Major Crops in China Agricultural Technology Transfer Project Area of Hunan
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E1010 v.5 Public Disclosure Authorized Pest Management Plans for Major Crops in China Agricultural Technology Transfer Project Area of Hunan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized POCAD of Hunan December 2004 Public Disclosure Authorized Part One: Provincial-level Pest Management Plan 1Pest Management in Hunan Province and Current Situation of Pest Control 1.1 Organazitions, Functions and Relative Laws and Regulations 1.1.1 Pest Management Organizations as well as Their Functions At the national, provincial, county, township, village level, there have established different crop pest/disease management institutions which have their own specific functions of being responsible for the pest/disease management, pesticide management or safety production of farming products at their own level. National Level: the ministry of agriculture is the institution for agricultural production management. The agricultural technique extension center of MA is responsible for the crop pest/disease management. The pesticide identification and evaluation institute of MA is responsible for the registration of pesticides. The national development and reform committee is responsible for the management of pesticide production. The concerned departments have issued a series of regulations such as “The Regulation of Pesticide Management”, “The Implementation Methods for Regulation of Pesticide Management”, “The Methods for Pesticide Production Management” etc., in order to standardize the management of pest/disease control and pesticide management. At the same time, there have drawn out series of standards or regulations for farming product production, in which the pest/disease control and pesticide management have been strictly and clearly specified. In order to solve the problem of the high residue of pesticide in farming products from sources, especially the vegetables, fruits and tea. The MA, on the basis of strengthening the registration of five kinds of highly toxic organic-phosphorus pesticide such as methamidophos, has stopped the reception of the application for highly toxic, extremely toxic pesticides, and canceled the registration of highly toxic pesticide for uses in some crops. The prohibited pesticides, and the highly toxic pesticides restricted in vegetables, fruit, tea, medicine herbal are as followings: The prohibited 18 kinds of pesticides: BHCDDTcamphechlordibromochloropopanegalecronethylene dichloridenitrofenaldrindieldrinmercury preparationarsenic preparationlead preparationsaikuzuofluoroacetamidegliftortetraminesodium monofluo fluoroacetatesilatrane. 19 kinds of pesticide not allowed use in vegetables, fruit tea and Chinese’s medicine herbals: methamidophosparathion- methylparathionmonocrotophosphosphamidonphorateisofenphosterbufos phosfolan- methylsulfotepdemetoncarbofuranaldicarbethoprophosphosfolancoumap hosfonofosisazofosfenamiphos. Two kinds of pesticide, dicofol and fenvalerate, are restricted use in tea. Any pesticide product is not allowed in use beyond the permitted scope of registration. Provincial Level: Hunan province is a big agricultural province as well as a serious pest-stricken area, for which pest control is especially important. The plant protection station of Hunan agricultural committee is responsible for the prediction and forecast of pest/disease occurrences, recommendation of pesticide varieties and control methods. The Hunan pesticide identification and evaluation institute is responsible for the registration of the pesticides within the province. The petrol - chemistry industry association of Hunan Province is responsible for the management of the pesticide production. The concerned departments have issued series of standardized regulation s and rules such as “The Implementation of Pesticide Management Methods in Hunan Province”, “The Management Methods for Non- polluted Farming Products in Hunan Province”, “The Regulation for Protection and Conservation of Agricultural Ecology and Environment in Hunan Province”, “The Technique Regulation for Production of Non-polluted Farming Produces”, “The Quality Safety Standards for Non-polluted Farming Produces”. County Level: The plant protection station of the county agricultural bureau is responsible for the prediction and forecast of pest/disease occurrences, and recommends the controlling methods and related pesticide species, and the sales of some pesticide at the same time. The county also set up law enforcement team, responsible for management of pesticide markets. Some counties have drawn out the production standards of agricultural products for some specific crops. Due to the lack of adequate budget, the prediction and forecast of pest/disease at the county level is not satisfactory. Township or Village Level: there have set up agricultural technique extension stations at every township of the whole province, including some villages, which is responsible for the investigation of pest/disease occurrences within the township and village, the recommendation of controlling methods etc., also the sales of some pesticide products at the same time. 1.1.2 The Situation of Pesticide Production The pesticide production is managed by the petrol - chemistry industry association and carried out by individual pesticide factory in accordance with the regulations mentioned above. There are hundreds pesticide factories all over the country, among which the following factories enjoy a large scale and high-quality products: the Nanjing red sun groups, Jiangshan of Jiangsu province, Huayang of Shangdong province, Xianghua and Hengyang Hongwei chemical plants in Hunan province. 1.1.3 The Situation of Pesticide Distribution The sale of pesticide in Hunan province is mainly conducted by the individual private sellers, assisted by plant protection station, agricultural technique extension station and the agricultural material companies, which forms a sale network. Generally, the pesticide factories or agents wholesales the pesticide to the retailers such as the individual private sellers, plant protection station, agricultural technique extension station and the agricultural material companies, and then sold to the farmers. Only those pesticides with three certifications can be sold in the market. 1.2 The Damages by Major Pest at the Project Area Rice: The diseases are rice blast, rice sheath blight, rice false smut, rice kernel smut, rice bacterial leaf blight etc. The pests are mainly stem borer, leaf roller, plant hopper thrips etc. The sheath blight often occurs. The leaf blight varies in different years. The rice blast only damages the rice in some parts of Hunan province, but once it occurs, it will cause a great loss. This year the rice kernel smut causes a great effect on the rice and hybrid rice in Hunan province, leading to the reduction of rice grain in some areas by 10%. The occurrences of strip leaf blight are increasing year by year. The increasing damage of stem borer leads to the reduction of rice grain by 10%. Plant hopper and rice leaf roller usually occur at large scale in rain years. The weed in paddy field are barnyard grass, needle spikesedge, Monochoria, vaginalis etc, which also cause a great harm to rice. Citrus: The diseases are mainly powdery mildew, rust, canker and anthracnose. The pests are mainly coccids aphid noctuid hawkmoth red spider, butterfly and kinds of beetles. Due to the high humidity, citrus rust and canker are very serious in Hunan province in recent years, especially in 2003. Coccid causes a bad look on citrus, which directly influences sale. Vegetable: Include Changsha non-polluted vegetable project, Shaoyang green cucurbits and fruits project and Qidong hemerocallis fulva project. The disease are mainly downy mildew, blight, phytophthora wilt, root rot, powdery mildew, bud wiltAscochyta pisirust etc., such as, downy mildew of cucumber, bight of peppers and nightshade family cucurbits, rust of hemerocallis fulva and root rot of pumpkin, which occurred often in recent years. Besides, diseases caused by bacteria like bacterial soft rot of vegetables, bacterial wilt of nightshade family vegetables and all kinds of bacterial diseases are also rising. Pest are mainly aphid, moth, caterpillar, soybeen flypea leafminer etc. Forest: Include Changde triploid of Populus tomentosa Carr project, Chaling oil tea project and Xinhuang borneol camphor project. The diseases are mainly canker, anthracnose, ring spots, brown spots, which don’t have great influence on the wood production in Hunan province. The pests are mainly moth, coccid, beetles and butterflies. Relatively speaking, the harm caused by Henosepilachna sparsa orientalis Dieke, Lasiocampidae, Cerambycidae and some lepidopterids feeding on leaves is greater. 1.3. The Situation of Pest Control in Project Area. Rice: rice, the main crop in Hunan province, has no pest-resistant varieties, so the chemical control of pests is prevailing. The management of pest/disease/weed is carried out by farmer’s households themselves of buying and spraying agrochemicals. The cost for management is about 40-70Yuan/mu due to many times and overdoses of sprayings, for instance, 5-6 times, and mixing uses of 3-4 products for whole period of rice growing. The prevention is about 60%-80%, which resulted in low efficiency and increases of pest-resistance to agro-chemicals. The agrochemicals used are mainly Dimehypotriazophos and fipronil, and Weedicide is often used for weeds. Citrus: Citrus are all non pest-resistant and disease-resistant varieties, so the chemical control is also prevailing