Social Monitoring Report

Project Number: 35338 July 2004

PRC: Roads Development II Project External Monitoring Report on Land Acquisition and Resettlement (I)

Prepared by: Social Investigation Centre of Politics and Public Administration College in Hunan University, People’s Republic of

For Hunan Changji Expressway Construction and Development Corporation

This report has been submitted to ADB by Hunan Provincial Transportation Department and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2005). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB.

External Monitoring Report for Resettlement of - Expressway Project

Social Survey Center, Politics and Public Administration College, Hunan University July, 2004

External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

Content 1 PREFACE ...... 5 1.1 Origin of the Monitoring...... 5 1.2 Work basis and Purpose...... 5 1.3 Methodology and Approach...... 5 1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION ...... 6 2.2 Basic Data of Resettlement ...... 7 2 BASIC INFORMATION OF SAMPLED VILLAGE AND HOUSEHOLDS...... 7 3.1 Basic Information of Sampled Village ...... 7 3.2 Basic Information of Sampled Households ...... 8 3 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE...... 8 4.1 Results from village interview...... 8 4.2 Results from household interview...... 8 5 BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION ...... 8 5.1 Houses affected and Progress of reconstruction...... 8 5.2 Comparison of the living conditions before and after removal...... 9 5.3 Compensation for Building...... 10 5.4 Cost of House Reconstruction ...... 11 5.5 Housing plot...... 13 5.6 Transition ...... 13 5.7 Complaint and Evaluation...... 14 6 LAND ACQUISITION...... 16 6.1 Impact on the land ...... 16 6.2 Compensation of land ...... 16 6.3 Land redistribution ...... 17 7 GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS...... 17 7.1 Procedure ...... 17 7.2 Implementation...... 17 8 TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION 18 8.1 Training ...... 18 8.2 Employment during Construction...... 19 9 INCOME AND POVERTY ...... 19 9.1 Status of income ...... 19 9.2 Poor population ...... 20 10 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...... 20

3 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

10.1 Conclusion ...... 20 10.2 Suggestions...... 22

4 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

External Monitoring Report for Resettlement of Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

1 PREFACE

B. 1.1 Origin of the Monitoring

In order to ensure that the implementation of the land acquisition and resettlement plan in accordance with the requirements specified in related laws and policies, the mechanism of external monitoring was introduced in the Changde-Jishou Expressway Project (the Project). Entrusted by Hunan Provincial Expressway Construction and Development Corp (HPEC) with the External Monitoring Agreement for Resettlement of the Project signed on December 17, 2003, Politics and Public Administration College (PAC), Hunan University was selected as the external monitor for the monitoring and evaluation of the resettlement in the Project. C. 1.2 Work basis and Purpose

The external monitoring of the resettlement is to be carried out in accordance with the related laws and regulation in PRC and ADB’s policy to monitor and evaluate the progress and effects of the resettlement. The objectives of the external monitoring and evaluation are to: (i) establish whether, after the land acquisition and resettlement activity is completed, the welfare levels of those affected were restored and sustained; if not, identify both policy and implementation constraints; and (ii) assess the overall efficiency, effectiveness, impact (including behavioral responses) and sustainability of land acquisition and resettlement. If problems are identified, causes should be analyzed and possible solutions should be recommended to HPEC. This report is to summarize the status of monitoring made before June 15, 2004. D. 1.3 Methodology and Approach

The methods used for the external monitoring of the resettlement include both quantitative and qualitative. During May 10-12, Mr. Zhao Chenxi from PAC, Hunan Univeristy made an investigation on the resettlement site with Mr Scot Fugerson from ADB and Mr. Xiao Ling from HPEC. The works carried out during the investigation consists of: (i) interview with the officials from the local government responsible for the resettlement of the Project to understand the progress of the resettlement; (ii) visiting two affected village heads to understand the implementation status of the resettlement in the village; (iii) interviewing two affected families to understand

5 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

whether the compensation is made in the stipulated standards and the status of building reconstruction; and (iv) visiting the demolition sites and reconstruction sites along the route with emphasis on three affected villages. On May 12, 2004, further requirements were made by Mr. Fugerson for the external monitoring to make an investigation with designed questionnaires covering the information disclosure, building reconstruction, land compensation, grievance and redress, etc. Based on the outline proposed by Mr. Fugerson, two questionnaires of village and household were designed. The questionnaires covers the basis information of the village/household, information disclosure, building reconstruction, land compensation, grievance and redress, training, etc. The interview were made during June 2-12 with the designed questionnaires on the resettlement sites. The interviewees of the affected village are the village heads, and of the affected household, household head or other adults. The interview was successfully carried out in 89 households in 25 villages of the three counties. The data collected from the interview were input and analyzed in Excel. On June 29, 2004, the final Resettlement Plan and Internal Monitoring/ Progress Report of Resettlement were obtained from Mr. Xiao Ling of HPEC. This report is based on the above-mentioned work, especially the data collected from the interview with designed questionnaires. The data in the report are from the interview with designed questionnaires if not specified.

1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION 2.1 Introduction The Changde- section of the proposed Chang-Ji Expressway constitutes a 173 km section of the -Chongqing corridor, one of the eight western corridors , belonging to the National Key Highway System (NKHS) defined by MOC in December 2001, as a sub-trunk system to complement the NTHS. It is a vital link in the expressway network of Hunan Province, as well as an arterial corridor from the provincial capital Changsha to four western prefectures in the province, i.e, Changde, Huaihua, Xiangxi and prefectures, of which, Xiangxi Prefecture has been included in the “State Western Development Strategy”.

The proposed expressway is located in Changde and Huaihua cities of Hunan Province. The project runs through Dingcheng and Taolyuan County of Changde City and in Huaihua prefecture. The alignment starts at the Doumuhu (where connecting Chang-Zhang Expressway) of Changde City, traverses Xujiaqiao, Taohuayuan, Zhengjiayi, Yangxiqiao and enters into Yuanling County of Huaihua Prefecture at Taipingpu. Then it passes Guanzhuang, Nanmupu, Madiyi, Liangshuijing, Maxipu and Shuxikou, where it enters into Xiangxi . Total length of the alignment is 173 km.

6 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

The Project also includes construction of 3 interconnecting roads with length of 12 km and upgrading of around 505 km of 9 poor standard rural roads. This component has been designed explicitly to improve accessibility to impoverished townships and villages in the Project Area. It will service many cities and towns along its route, and will provide a substantial boost to the economic development of the project area.

E. 2.2 Basic Data of Resettlement

The Changde-Huaihua section of the proposed Chang-Ji Expressway goes through and of Changde City and Yuanling County in Huaihua prefecture. It has a length of 173km with 71.284km in Changde City and 102.5km in Yuanling County, Huaihua Prefecture. The route goes through 97 villages in 22 townships, 13 villages in 4 townships of Dingcheng District, 26 villages in 7 townships of Taoyuan county, and 58 villages in Yuanling County. Of the 97 villages, 1414 families (87 in Dingcheng District, 382 in Taoyuan County and 945 in Yuanling County) in 79 villages will be affected by house/structure. The area of house to be demolished totals 225,139 sq.m, of which, 16,553 sq.m in Dingcheng District, 50,167 sq.m. in Taoyuan County and 158,419sq.m. in Yuanling County. The land to be acquired from the 97 villages will be 15,754mu (1,060ha.), of which, 7,699mu arable land with 918mu in Dicheng District, 2328.6 mu in Toayuan County and 4452.6mu in Yuanling County. The arable land acquired accounts for 48.5% of the whole land acquisition. ( Sourced from Internal Progress Report of Resettlement by HECC)

2 BASIC INFORMATION OF SAMPLED VILLAGE AND HOUSEHOLDS F. 3.1 Basic Information of Sampled Village

The interviews were made with the designed questionnaires in 25 affected villages with 4 in Dingcheng District, 6 in Taoyuan County and 15 in Yuanling County. The total population in the interviewed 25 villages is 26,673, with the maximum of 1,800, minimum of 647, and average of 1,107. The agricultural population totals 27,227, accounting for 98.4%, and the ethnic minorities, 8,091, accounting for 29.2%. There are 7,204 households in the 25 villages with average family size of 3.8. There are 33,072mu of arable land in the 25 villages, of which, 2,605mu, 7.9% of the total arable land to be acquired. The largest average arable land per capita is 2 mu of the 25 villages, and the smallest is 0.6mu, and the average is 1.2mu. Of the arable land to be acquired, the largest per capita is 0.2mu, smallest is 0.02mu, and the average is 0.1mu in the 25 villages.

7 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

G. 3.2 Basic Information of Sampled Households

89 affected families were interviewed by the designed questionnaires with 13 households in Dingcheng District, 18 in Taoyuan County and 58 in Yuanling County. Of the 89 families, 10 will be affected by land, 12 by house, and 67 by land and house. There is only one household head who is not a farmer. There 393 population in the 89 families, with average family size of 4.4. The paddy fields owned by the families is 361mu, with average per capita of 0.9mu, and the orchard, 48mu, with average per capita of 0.1mu.

3 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE H. 4.1 Results from village interview

It is known by the interview that the 25 affected villages did not receive the Resettlement Plan (RP), but received the Resettlement Information Booklet (RIB). Of the 25 villages, discussion were made with affected people on the booklet in 17 (68%) villages, neither in the other 8 villages. The RIB were transferred to the affected people in 24 (96%) villages, but one village failed. The notices about the land acquisition and resettlement, compensation standards, etc. were posted in all the 25 villages, and discussion were made with the affected people on the issues related with the compensation and land acquisition. I. 4.2 Results from household interview

The results of household interview indicate that, of the 89 families, 88 did not read the RP, only one read the RP; 81famalies (91%) received the RIB, 8 families (9%) did not receive; 79 families (89%) joined the discussion on the RIB, 10 families (11%) not. The notices of land acquisition and resettlement were posted in all villages of the households interviewed. Of the families interviewed, 88 knew the compensation standards of land acquisition, but one did not. All the 89 affected families interviewed participated in the discussion on the issues related with the land acquisition and compensation.

5 BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION

J. 5.1 Houses affected and Progress of reconstruction

Of the 25 affected villages, the investigation indicates that 447 families affected by house, of which, 81 (18%) families are poor. The people affected is 1,820, of which, 587 (32%) are ethnic minorities. As of the date of investigation, the new houses have been reconstructed in 353

(79%) affected families, 77 (17%) under construction, 16 (4%) not started yet. The

16 families not building new houses are in Yuanling County. There are 4 families

moved out of the villages.

8 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

Table 5-1 Statistics of Affected household by House and the Reconstruction Dingcheng Taoyuan Yuanling Subtotal Households removed 49 102 296 447 Number of People affected by structure 182 346 1292 1820 Ethnic Minority people affected 29 0 558 587 Number of poor families affected 16 0 65 81 Number of household having new house constructed 48 100 205 353 Number of household with new house under construction 0 2 75 77 Number of household having new house not constructed 0 0 16 16

K. 5.2 Comparison of the living conditions before and after removal

The statistics of living conditions before and after the house removal indicates that, the average housing area is 207 sq.m of the 79 families with house removed, the average number of living quarters is 6, and the average number of family member is 5 living in the same house. Of the structure for the houses removed in the 79 households, 14 (17.7%) are brick and concrete, 31 (39.2%) brick and wood, 34 (43.1%) wood and tile. Of the 67 families with new house reconstructed, the average housing area is 200 sq.m, the average number of living quarters is 7, and the average number of family member is 5 living in the same house. Of the structure for the new houses in the 67 households, 33 (49.3%) are brick and concrete, 27 (40.3%) brick and wood, 7 (10.4%) wood and tile. Table 5-2 Comparison between the house removed and the new house constructed Dingcheng Taoyuan Yuanling Subtotal Average housing area（m2） 230 275 177 207 The original Average number of living house quarters 57 56 removed Average number of family member 44 55 Average housing area（m2） 211 259 169 200 The new Average number of living house quarters 67 67 constructed Average number of family member 44 55

Table 5-3 Comparison of structure between the house removed and the new house constructed

9 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

Dingcheng Taoyuan Yuanling Subtotal % Brick and concrete 4 5 5 14 17.7% The original Brick and wood 8 8 15 31 39.2% house removed Wood and tile 5 29 3443.1% Subtotal 12 18 49 79100%

Brick and concrete 9 15 9 33 49.3% The new house Brick and wood 2 1 24 27 40.3% constructed Wood and tile 2 5 710.4% Subtotal 11 18 38 67 100%

In general, the housing area of original house is relatively large in the affected

families, the size of new house is kept at the same level with no significant change.

It is noticed that some families who owned smaller house expanded their house size

to improve the living conditions. Another change noticed is that some families whose

original house is of wood and tile build their new house of brick and concrete, which

made the proportion of house in brick and concrete increased greatly. It may

conclude that the living conditions improved in some degree in the families affected

after reconstruction.

L. 5.3 Compensation for Building

The compensation for the house removed in the 20 ( data in 5 villages not available)

affected villages is CNY12,050,584, which have been 100% paid. The average

compensation per household is CNY38,256.

Of the 79 household interviewed, the compensation of house/structure is

CNY2,941,112, which was received. The average compensation per household is

CNY37,229, of which, CNY32,457 is for the building, CNY3,704 for facilities,

CNY1,266 for the allowance during transition period, detailed information of the

counties is shown in Table 5-4. The average compensation of house in Yuanling

County is less than that in Dingcheng District and Taoyuan County, which is caused

10 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

by the house in Yuanling County with a higher proportion of house in wood and tile

having lower standard of cash compensation. The house compensation in

Dingcheng District was usually received by the affected families in three payment, in

Taoyuan County two payments, and in Yuanling County three payments.

Table 5-4 Statistics of Average Compensation for House/structure

Dingcheng Taoyuan Yuanling Subtotal Average Compensation (CNY) 45,881 46,233 31,803 37,229 Average compensation for structure (CNY) 39,391 38,757 28,445 32,457 Average compensation for facilities(CNY) 5,380 6,431 1,834 3,704 Average allowance (CNY) 1,108 928 1,430 1,266

M. 5.4 Cost of House Reconstruction

The cost of the new house built by the affected families includes land, material, labor,

access of electricity, water, and telephone, decoration, and tax. The cost of different

categories is shown as follows:

Land: of the 63 families1 having new house reconstructed, 37 are free for the housing plot, 26 have paid for the housing plot with average of CNY3,584, highest of CNY8,400 and lowest of CNY100. Material: of the 63 families having new house reconstructed, 2 families have no cost for the material, 61 have paid for the material with average of CNY30,068, highest of CNY81,500 and lowest of CNY500. Labor: of the 63 families having new house reconstructed, 61 families have the cost for labor with average of CNY8,976, highest of CNY20,000 and lowest of CNY1,000. Access to electricity, water, telephone, etc: of the 63 families having new house reconstructed, 23 families have paid the cost for access of facilities with average of CNY1,409, highest of CNY12,000 and lowest of CNY100. Decoration: of the 63 families having new house reconstructed, 20 families have paid the cost for decoration with average of CNY7,127, highest of CNY25,000 and lowest of CNY500. Taxes: of the 63 families having new house reconstructed, only family paid the tax by CNY 160, the others have no cost of tax.

1 Some new houses are under construction, only data of 63 families are available.

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Total cost of new house: of the 63 families having new house reconstructed, the average cost for the new house is CNY42,244, the highest CNY120,000 and the lowest CNY2,500. The average cost per square meter is CNY251 of the new house in brick and concrete for the 32 households, and CNY215 of the new house in brick and wood for the 25 households, and CNY66 of the new house in wood and tile for the 5 households who used the salvage material. The cost of the new house consists of : 4% of land, 69% of material, 21% of labor, 1% of facility access, 5% of decoration, and 0% of taxes.

Cost constitution of new house

0% 5% 1% 4%

21%

Taxes Land 69% Material Facility access Labor Decoration

The building compensation minus the cost of building new house: the difference of

building compensation minus the cost of building new house is CNY-3,925 on

average among the 63 household building new houses, with the maximum of

CNY47,870, and minimum of CNY-60,000.

In order to finance for the enlarged or improved new house, 5 households, 8% of the 63 households building new house, took a loan from the bank, 34 households (54%) borrowed from the relatives and friends, and the other household used the saving. The interview indicates that 3 families will be capable to repay the borrows or loans in one year, 10 families in two years, 12 families in three years, 2 families in four years, and 7 families in five years. The families taking two or three year to repay the borrows or loan account for 65% of the all families with loans or borrows.

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N. 5.5 Housing plot

The new houses of the families affected are usually reconstructed within the village. The housing plot is primarily arranged in two ways as follows: (i) uniformly arrangement by the village and (ii) self-selection by the affected families. In Yuanling County, the method of self-selection is generally used, while in Dingcheng District and Taoyuan County, the key method used is uniformly arrangement by the village. The principle of selecting housing plot is the use of non-arable land as moor land, grass land, etc., use of the arable land as less as possible. When the housing plot is selected by the affected families, exchange of land will sometimes occur with other farmer affected or not affected. The exchange of land is usually decided by the related families in negotiation, sometimes cash compensation will be paid. In certain cases, the exchange of land is not successfully agreed by negations between the related families, the village committee will make further negotiations between the related families. When deciding the housing plot for the affected families, not much difficulties encountered in most villages. The most common difficulties in the villages are the occupy of arable land, accessible of road and water, etc. The access to facilities as electricity, water, road, telephone, etc., is primarily provided by the village in most villages, but is responsible by the affected families in a few villages. Presently in some villages, the access of electricity is temporarily available, permanent access will be provided in the future after the wire and pole relocation. The investigation indicates that three household did not get their favored housing plot. For example, two household in Maxipu village, Maxipu township, Yuanling County wanted to select their housing plots near and below the building of a golden company, which is disagreed by the company. Negotiation is presently undertaken for the housing plot. The other households are satisfactory to get their favored housing plots.

O. 5.6 Transition

There are 3 households whose house were demolished before December- 2003, 28 households in Decemeber-2003, 13 households in January-2004, 9 households in February-2004, 4 households in March-2004, 4 households in April-2004. The timing of house demolition is uncertain for other 18 households. About half of the houses of the affected families are removed between December-2003 and January-2004. There are 55 families using the salvage material when building the new house, while 7 families not using the salvage material. Most families moved into the new house after January-2004. As the affected families building the new house at the same time of house removing, the approximate time difference between the original house removed and new house built is two months. There are still 18 families who did not move into the new house. During the period of transition, there is one family lived with his parents, 7 families with the relatives, 2 families with the neighbors, 30 families in temporary

13 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project shed, 10 families in their own house not affected, 3 families in the township government or village school, only 1 family in rent house.

P. 5.7 Complaint and Evaluation

About 9% of the families interviewed are quite satisfactory with the compensation, including the standards and calculation, and 80% of the families satisfactory. On the information disclosure, 90% of the families interviewed are satisfied, while 8% unsatisfied. Over 90% of the families are satisfactory with the housing plot. Nearly 100% of the families are satisfactory with the quality of new house, and 95% with the living conditions of the new house. About 98% of the families are satisfactory with the cost vs. quality of new house. Table 5-5 Evaluation on the Issues of Resettlement by the Interviewees Dingchen Taoyua Yuanlin Evaluation on the Issues of Resettlement g n g Subtotal % Greatly satisfactory 005 59% Satisfactory 10 14 32 56 80% Quantity, standard, and calculation Unsatisfactory 2 3 4 9 12% of Compensation Greatly unsatisfactory 000 00% Subtotal 12 17 41 70 100% Greatly satisfactory 1 0 6 7 10% Satisfactory 10 14 35 59 82% Information disclosure of land acquisition and Unsatisfactory 033 68% compensation Greatly unsatisfactory 000 00% Subtotal 11 17 44 72 100% Greatly satisfactory 105 69% Satisfactory 9 16 29 54 83% New site of housingUnsatisfactory 014 58% plot Greatly unsatisfactory 000 00% Subtotal 10 17 38 65 100% Quality of new house Greatly satisfactory 1 0 5 6 10%

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9 17 29 55 90% Unsatisfactory 000 00% Greatly unsatisfactory 000 00% Subtotal 10 17 34 61 100% Greatly satisfactory 104 58% Satisfactory 8 17 26 51 86% Living conditions Unsatisfactory 003 35% of new house Greatly unsatisfactory 000 00% Subtotal 9 17 33 59 100% Greatly satisfactory 3 7 8 18 30% Satisfactory 8 9 24 41 68% Cost vs. quality Unsatisfactory 001 12% of new house Greatly unsatisfactory 000 00% Subtotal 11 16 33 60 100% There are 41 families who have the economic difficulties when building the new house. While indicating the specific difficulties, the following are listed by the interviewees, insufficient compensation standards, cost increase due to enlarged new house and the change of house structure, lacking of labor in the family, lacking of cash products, more children, child’s schooling, etc. There are also 14 families who have no economic difficulties. They are building their new house depending on their actual conditions or economic capacity, or on the savings or help from the relatives and friends When asking about the complaints on the house removal and reconstruction, most of

the interviewees have no complaints, some of them presents their complaints. For

example, one farmer thought that the housing plot should be provided by the

government for the affected families, another one said that the issues of road access

15 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

and water should be solved, and some others hope that the government should

provide more assistance on the new house construction.

6 LAND ACQUISITION

Q. 6.1 Impact on the land

The land to be acquired for Changde-Shuxikou section of Changde-Jishou expressway will be 15,754mu (1,060ha.), of which, 7,699mu is arable land with 918mu in Dicheng District, 2328.6 mu in Toayuan County and 4452.6mu in Yuanling County. The arable land accounts for 48.5% of the total land permanently acquired. Of the 25 investigated villages, the arable land to be acquired is 2,605mu, 7.9% of the total arable land in the villages, 52% of the total land to be permanently acquired. The average arable land per capita is 1.2mu of the 25 villages, with the largest of 2mu and the smallest 0.6mu. Of the arable land to be acquired, the largest per capita is 0.2mu, smallest is 0.02mu, and the average is 0.1mu in the 25 villages. R. 6.2 Compensation of land

Of the 25 affected villages interviewed, the total compensation for land in the 23 villages (data is not available in the other two villages) is CNY41,702,813. The average compensation for all kinds of land is about CNY8,657 per mu.

In Taoyuan County, the agreement on the distribution of compensation was made with the affected families in 24 villages, but not in one village. The land compensation will be allocated to affected families in most villages, only in a few villages, the small part of land compensation will be allocated to the families not affected in the village, while most part to the affected families.

Of the families interviewed, 74 families knew the standards of land compensation, while 3 families did not; 23 families knew the total land compensation to the village while 53 did not; 73 families knew the total land compensation to their families while 3 did not.

47 families preferred cash compensation, while 27 families land redistribution. When asking the usage of land compensation, 9 families indicate the land compensation will be used for repaying debt, 35 families for house decoration, 27 families for investment of production, and 8 families for other purposes.

Some families have received the total land compensation, the other have not due to that the preparatory activities are not completed as the agreement was not made between the village and the affected families.

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S. 6.3 Land redistribution

Of the 25 affected villages, land redistribution will be undertaken in 13 (52%) villages, the other 12 (48%) villages will not. Of the 15 villages investigated in Yuanling County, land redistribution will not be carried out after land acquisition in 12 villages, while the 10 villages interviewed in Dingcheng District and Taoyuan County will readjust the land. Whether the land will be readjusted or not depends on the favor by majority of over two-thirds in the village meeting or villager representative meeting. Table 6-1 Land Redistribution after Land Acquisition County/District Subtotal Dingcheng Taoyuan Yuanling Village % No land redistribution 12 12 48% Land redistribution 4 6 3 13 52% Total 4 6 15 25 100%

7 GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS

T. 7.1 Procedure

To ensure that the APs have avenues for redressing grievances related to any

aspect of land acquisition and resettlement, detailed procedures for the redress of

grievances have been established for the project. The objective is to respond to the

complaints of the APs speedily and in a transparent manner. The mechanism is

designed to be easy, accessible, transparent and fair. As far as possible, the

objective will be to avoid the need to resort to complicated formal channels to

redress grievances.

Of the 25 villages, all the interviewees indicate that the procedures for the redress of

grievances is available in the village.

U. 7.2 Implementation of redress

The redress of grievance has been processed in four villages for the affected

families. The

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The complaints from the affected families were processed in 4 villages. These

villages are: Tailingpu village, Taipingpu Township, Yuanling County with 4

complaints processed, Panxiangping village, Lizhixi Township, Yuanling County with

12 complaints processed, Songxiqiao village, Zhangjiaping Township, Yuanling

County with 15 complaints processed, Laojie village, Guanzhuang Township,

Yuanling County with 20 complaints processed.

When dealing with the complaints from the farmers, discussion and consultation are

usually used in the village, in some cases, the complaints will be forwarded to the

local coordinating headquarter for the expressway, and be solved by the township

leader responsible for the expressway construction. The complaints from 5 villages

were forwarded to the related township government.

8 TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION

V. 8.1 Training

It is specified in the RP that an extensive series of training programs will be implemented by the local government. These programs, for which a separate budget item has been allocated, will be available to two members of all affected households and will include some or all of the following subjects: animal husbandry/Fish raising, economic crop planting, training program to women on sewing and knitting skills, skills on motorcycle, vehicle, tractor and farm machinery repair, repair and maintenance of electrical goods/computer typing, product marketing, small business registration and operation.

The training courses will be offered both on site and at the training centers in County, sub-district and township centers to both men and women. Payments will be made directly disbursed to the training institution, e.g. the agricultural extension department and the women's federation. Allowances will be paid for trainees attending courses away from their own villages. Half of the trainees will be women. At the time of the survey, the training program did not start. During the survey, most APs showed their interest of joining the related training courses. The village survey indicated that all farmer in the 25 villages are interested in the training, and the household survey indicated that 68 of 89 families interviewed are interested in the training program. The desired trainings for the affected peoples are of construction technology, masonry placing, electrician, driving, etc.

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W. 8.2 Employment during Construction

The construction of expressway will create a lot of temporary employed or half fixed construction jobs, including material transportation, processing rock into construction material, and earthworks. These jobs are not only the additional source of income restoration for the APs, but favor the new skill training for future employment. The EA committed that under same technical requirements, priority will be given to the APs when recruiting Project personnel and construction workers, especially those losing all or a large proportion of their land. EA and contractors will liaise with local leaders to facilitate this process. The survey indicates that the APs have the willing of actively participating in the project construction. The interviewees in response of the village form showed that the local farmers are willing to work on the construction site as a labor and join the training for construction. When the question of willingness to work on the construction site as a labor is asked in the household survey, 56 answers are ‘yes’, 31 answers ‘no’, and 2 no responses. Therefore, 63% of the interviewees favored that the villagers are willing to work on the site as a labor.

9 INCOME AND POVERTY

X. 9.1 Status of income

The highest average net income per capita (ANIC) is CNY3,000 among the 25 villages, and the lowest is CNY738, and the average ANIC is CNY1,533. Of ANIC below CNY1,000 are 8 villages (32%), between CNY1,000 and CNY2,000 are 9 villages(36%), and over CNY2,000 are 8 villages (32%).

Village-Survey indicates that the interviewees think their living standard will be increased in the future in 22 villages(88%), and kept at the same level in one village, declined in the other 2 villages.

The statistics of gross income from the family survey of 89 households indicates that, the average gross income per family is CNY11,778 last year, and the average net income is CNY5,911. Among these 89 families, 20 families have debts, accounting for 22%. Of the debt families, the largest debt is CNY30,000, and the lowest CNY300, and the average CNY9,745.

58.4% (52Hs) of the households think there is no obvious change on last year’s income, 34.8% (31Hs) think there is a big change. When mentioning the reasons causing the changes, most think the migrant workers increased their income, some mentioned that taking care of sick family members and building new house prevent them from migrant workers, which will affect their income

The living standard is considered to be uplifted in the future by about 55.1% interviewees, while kept at the same level by 22.5% interviewees, and declined by 20.2% interviewees.

19 External Monitoring Report of Resettlement for Changde-Jishou Expressway Project

Table 9-1 Estimation of Future Living Standards by the Interviewees Future living standards Dingcheng Taoyuan Yuanling Subtotal % uplifted 9 1624 49 55.1% No change 1 2 17 20 22.5% declined 3 15 18 20.2% Not available 0 0 2 2 2.2% Total 13 1858 89 100%

Y. 9.2 Poor population

There are extremely poor families among the affected in 20 (80%) villages, while no extremely poor families in 5 (20%) villages.

16 families (18%) are considered to be poor by the interviewees themselves with the local economic standards, and 53 families (59.6%) in the average; 13 families (14.6%) higher than the average; 5 families (5.6%) richer, and 2 family’s data not available.

Table 9-2 Evaluation of the Family’s Economy by the Interviewees

Family’s Economy Dingcheng Taoyuan Yuanling Subtotal % i. Poor 3 1 12 16 18.0% Average 4 12 37 53 59.6% Higher than the average 2 3 8 13 14.6% Richer 2 2 1 5 5.6% Not available 2 2 2.2% Total 13 18 58 89 100%

10 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Z. 10.1 Conclusion

1. The information disclosure of the resettlement has been undertaken satisfactorily. The RIB have been received by over 90% affected people, and the notice related with the land acquisition, compensation and resettlement were posted in all the villages interviewed. Most affected people knew the compensation standards; 2. The house removal are concentrated in December, 2003 and January, 2004. The timing of moving into the new house by the affected is after January, 2004, and the transition period is about 2 months;

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3. During the transition period, most affected families are lived in the temporary shed or with the relatives, and some lived in the other unaffected house, few in rent house; 4. The building compensation have been paid in due manner according to the specified standards. All compensation of the house have been received by the affected families. The average compensation per family is CNY37,229 for the house; 5. As of the survey date, about 79% affected families have completed the construction of new houses, 17% are constructing the new house, and 4% not started yet; 6. The unit cost is approximate CNY251 per square meter of building a new house in brick and concrete, while CNY 205 of new house in brick and wood; 7. In order to finance for the enlarge and improved new house, about half families borrowed money from the relatives and families, a few got loan from the bank. It will take 2 or 3 years for most families to repay the borrowed money or loans; 8. The site of housing plot are usually selected by the affected within the village group or village, while a few families moved out of the village. The selection of housing plot is uniformly arranged by the village or by the affected families. It is normally not difficult in selecting housing plot, but some affected families can not successfully deal with others on the exchange of land for housing plot, and a few mentioned that the cost of housing plot should not be borne by the affected families; 9. there are no significant change on the average housing area per family between the removed house and the new house, approximate 200 square meters. Some families with a smaller house before the removed have enlarged their new house after the removal, and some changed their house from the original structure of wood and tile into the new structure of brick and concrete; 10. over half families indicate that there are some difficulties in building the new house, some of them mentioned the difficulties are caused by the lack of labor and/or child’s schooling. The problems of access to road, water and electricity are also mentioned to be solved; 11. The facilities accessible for water, electricity, etc in the new housing plot are provided by the village or by the affected families with the assistance from the village. Presently in some villages, the access of electricity and road is temporarily available, permanent access will be provided in the future after the wire and pole relocation or during the construction activities of expressway; 12. f the 25 investigated villages, the arable land to be acquired is 2,605mu, 7.9% of the total arable land in the villages, 52% of the total land to be permanently acquired; 13. Of the 25 affected villages interviewed, the total compensation for land in the 23 villages (data is not available in the other two villages) is CNY41,702,813. The average compensation for all kinds of land is about CNY8,657 per mu. Agreement on land compensation between the village and affected families has not been made in one of the 25 villages; 14. most families know the standards of land compensation and the sum of compensation to be paid to his family, while some fail to know the total compensation to be paid to the village. Most families preferr cash

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compensation instead of land redistribution; 15. Of the 15 villages investigated in Yuanling County, land redistribution will not be carried out after land acquisition in 12 villages, while the 10 villages interviewed in Dingcheng District and Taoyuan County will readjust the land. Whether the land will be readjusted or not depends on the favor by majority of over two-thirds in the village meeting or villager representative meeting; 16. the procedures for the redress of grievances is available in the village . The complaints from 5 villages were forwarded to the related township government; 17. the procedures for the redress of grievances are available in all village . The complaints from 5 of 25 affected villages surveyed were forwarded to the related township government; 18. Most of the affected people interviewed show their interest in participating in the training courses, some are willing to join the project construction activities; and 19. the average net income per capita is about CNY 1,500 in the surveyed villages. About 80% of the villages have extremely poor families among the affected. The affected families are optimistic to the future life. AA. 10.2 Suggestions

1. The EA should carry out the future activities related to the land acquisition and resettlement strictly in accordance with the RP; 2. The training budget arranged in the RP should be facilitated for the responsible authorities for the training program proposed for the affected families; 3. Some affected families showed their interest in the employment of construction job, priorities should be given to them during the construction of expressway; 4. The assistance provided for the vulnerable families in RP should be available; 5. more efforts should be made by the EA on the supervising the use of land compensation, and on the instruction on the employment of the affected families to restore the living standards.

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