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Read More > About Rulers, Clerics Issue No. 8-9 / 2008 THE NYU REVIEW OF LAW AND SECURITY A PUBLICATION OF THE CENTER ON LAW AND SECURITY AT THE NYU SCHOOL OF LAW THE CENTER ON LAW AND SECURITY Table of Contents Founded in 2003, the Center on Law and Security is an Fever Pitch: The Sunni-Shia Divide . .23 independent, non-partisan, The United States and Iran (Suzanne Maloney, Karim Sadjadpour, Shia Demographics in the global center of expertise designed to Prof. Gary Sick, Steven Simon) . .2 Middle East . .24 promote an informed understanding of the major legal and security issues that define Iran, Israel, and the USA Suicide Terrorism (Prof. David Menashri) . .4 (Peter Bergen, Farhad Khosrokhavar, the post-9/11 environment. Towards that Robert Pape, end, the Center brings together and to Timeline of United States/Iranian Prof. Stephen Holmes) . .24 public attention a broad range of policy- Relations . .6 Critique of the Nationalist makers, practitioners, scholars, journalists Iranian National Government Explanation of Suicide Terrorism and other experts to address major issues Institutions . .7 Campaigns and gaps in policy discourse and to provide (by Peter Bergen) . .27 Colloquium on Law and Security concrete policy recommendations. (Rachel Bronson) . .8 Conversation with Lawrence Wright . .28 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Who’s Who in the Saudi Royal Family . .10 Editor in Chief Conversation Karen J. Greenberg Muslim Brotherhood with Rory Stewart . .30 Editor (Nick Fielding, Alexis Debat, Jeff Grossman Peter Bergen) . .11 Excerpts from Iraq, Iran, and Beyond: Research Egypt’s 2007 Constitutional America Faces the Future . .31 Paul Cruickshank, Daniel Freifeld, Amendments . .12 Susan MacDougall The Fate of America’s Student Interns Re-Evaluating Radical Islamism Iraqi Allies Logan Booth, Gil Shefer, Zachary Stern (Maha Azzam) . .13 (George Packer) . .32 (’07), Mike Torres (’07), Jessica Van Ness Notable Middle Eastern Conversation Designer News Media . .14 with Paul Barrett . .34 Wendy Bedenbaugh OPEC Proven Crude Oil Inside the Islamic Republic Reserves . .15 Free podcasts from the Center on Law (Daniel Freifeld) . .35 and Security’s events are available Movies Playing in Theaters New Works by the for download. Please visit Around the Middle East . .16 www.lawandsecurity.org for information. Center on Law and Security’s Faculty and Fellows . .36 Hezbollah (Hala Jaber, Amb. Michael Sheehan, The Center on Law and Security Map of the Middle East . .37 Peter Bergen) . .17 New York University School of Law 110 West Third Street, Suite 217 Glossary of Arabic Terms . .20 New York, New York 10012 Cover photo: “Allah.” ©istockphoto.com/Murat Sen (212) 992-8854 Is al Qaeda the Product of Back cover photo: Carrying Bread in Cairo, Egypt. www.lawandsecurity.org Saudi Arabia’s Politics and Wahhabi ©istockphoto.com/Sandra vom Stein [email protected] Religious Ideology? (Prof. Bernard Haykel) . .22 Copyright ©2008 by the Center on Law and Security The opinions of the speakers herein do not represent the opinions of the Center on Law and Security. Editor’s Introduction Executive Director Karen J. Greenberg Faculty Co-Directors Noah Feldman The attacks of 9/11 set in motion a whole world of new ideas and David M. Golove facts, questions and policy directives. Accepting the challenge of Stephen Holmes Richard Pildes learning about this new universe of threat and security, the U.S. government and the American public have immersed themselves Board of Advisors in the unknown and the perplexing dimensions of this new Daniel Benjamin political environment. We have come to learn about threat matrixes and jihad, about Peter Bergen terrorist cells and intelligence networks, about the history of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Rachel Bronson Arabia, Iran and Iraq and about tribal conflicts throughout the Middle East and the Persian Roger Cressey Gulf region. At the center of much of this inquiry has been a thirst for knowledge about Viet Dinh the history and customs of Islamic cultures and of Muslim societies. Joshua Dratel Richard Greenberg Martin Gross “Current Trends in the Muslim World (Part I)” reflects on the first five years of the Center Bernard Haykel on Law and Security’s programs on topics endemic to the Muslim world. In it, the reader Judge Kenneth Karas will find a compendium of fundamental statistics and facts about daily life as well as some Priscilla Kauff of the most vibrant thinking on today’s political developments in the Middle East and Neil MacBride within Islamic political organizations. Here you will encounter searing questions and Dana Priest authoritative analysis about democratic trends, the role of the media, the varieties of Samuel Rascoff radical Islam and the historic conflicts that have led to today’s clash of interests, ideologies 2007-2008 Fellows and ideas. Peter Bergen Sidney Blumenthal The War on Terror has become the first global conflict of the 21st century. As the public Peter Clarke enters this Age of Security, it is hoped that the NYU Review of Law and Security – with Paul Cruickshank this volume as with its previous issues – will guide readers towards a deeper appreciation Barton Gellman not only of the complexities and problems that face the international community but of the Tara McKelvey vast opportunities that challenge us as well. Nir Rosen Michael Sheehan Craig Unger Karen J. Greenberg, Lawrence Wright Alumni Fellows Executive Director, Center on Law and Security Amos Elon Judge Baltasar Garzón Dana Priest Michael Vatis w w w . l a w a n d s e c u r i t y . o r g Rulers, Clerics, Radicals, Citizens 1 Open Forum Series: September 26, 2007 Fever Pitch: The United States and Iran go to war. That will not happen before the stake in respect to Iran. From the perspec- end of the Bush administration. tive of the U.S. government, it is the nuclear • • • issue, it is terrorism, it is rejection of the Ahmadinejad is, in a way, a very difficult peace process, and the questions of democ- Karim Sadjadpour, Steven Simon. Photo by Dan Creighton man to understand. He seems to be racy and the political situation on the absolutely convinced that he has truth on ground at home. Suzanne Maloney, Senior Fellow, his side and that he knows what he is doing. He framed it with an important overview Saban Center for Middle East Policy, Because he will not engage and give question: do these constitute a systematic The Brookings Institution straight answers to straight questions, but challenge to the American position in the rather equivocates, wanders around, and Middle East, to American interests in the Karim Sadjadpour, Associate, Carnegie gives elliptical responses, people are region and around the world? That is cer- Endowment for International Peace intrigued. They want to push him further. tainly the view that the Bush administration Prof. Gary Sick, Senior Research Scholar, They want to see if they can get something holds quite deeply and quite broadly. While Columbia University School of out of him, so they keep trying. They keep there are differences in terms of how to International and Public Affairs asking these questions, he keeps giving the approach and address the Iranian challenge, same answers, and we do not get anyplace. the sense that Iran is deliberately and sys- Steven Simon, Moderator, Senior Fellow I think that he is potentially dangerous in tematically opposing everything that we are for Middle Eastern Studies, Council on the sense that he has a single-minded view trying to advance in the Middle East forms Foreign Relations that comes from some depths of his soul – a the basis of the sense of urgency and prior- view that is not informed very much by ity that the administration has when it • • • facts, information, or other people’s opin- comes to Iran. Steven Simon: ions. He has these fixed ideas. He is con- I disagree. If you were to look across the • • • vinced that he is the smartest guy in the region, you would see an opportunistic for- There are two questions regarding Iran that room and that he can, in fact, debate and eign policy on the part if the Iranians. They have recently emerged. One is whether the overcome anybody who challenges him. In did not create the environment that has Iraqi domain, the Lebanese/Palestinian that sense, he is dangerous. enabled them to make such gains in their theater, and the nuclear fandango are all I am impressed by the fact that none of influence in Iraq. Although there may be part of some systematic Iranian challenge the policy statements that he has made, and disagreement as to what precipitated it, they to American hegemony in the region, as none of the things that he has said, represent did not create the environment in Lebanon some people believe. Does this have the policies that he has had anything to do with. today. Nor did they necessarily even benefit makings of a systematic and methodical He does not run Iran. He does not run Iran’s from the events of last summer, as I think confrontation with the United States? In nuclear policy. He does not run Iran’s secu- one can look Hezbollah’s situation today short, are these parts of a strategy that we rity strategy. He is, at best, a representative and recognize that while there are some are seeing unleashed? The second question of that strategy and carries it to the rest of advances there are also some new liabili- is, what does Mahmoud Ahmadinejad have the world. ties. Iran did not create the vagaries in the to do with any of this? Is there a system He is most dangerous not to us but to Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty nor the responsible for these decisions that is big- Iran itself, through the image that he proj- permissiveness of the international commu- ger than he is and to which he is actually ects of his country.
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