February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8159 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, February 24, 1992 The House met at 12 noon. But I think it also goes back to some PROGRAM The Chaplain, Rev. James David of the legislation passed in this body Opening: Arnold Goldstein, Superintend­ Ford, D.D., offered the following pray­ and the other body on title IX and ent, National Capital Parks-Central, Na­ er: some of the efforts that we have made tional Park Service. Presentation of the Colors: Joint Armed Teach us in all our ways, 0 God, to to make sure that Federal money is Services Color Guard, Military District of look upon others with the respect and spent equally on men and women ath­ Washington. honor that is due every person. We letes in the various programs that are "The National Anthem" : U.S. Air Force admit our disagreements and conflicts, sanctioned at the college level. Band, Chief Master Sgt. Alan Sine, Director. our disputes and quarrels, and yet we Mr. Speaker, certainly we want to Welcome by the Master of Ceremonies: Ar­ acknowledge You as the Creator and give tribute to our Olympic women and nold Goldstein, Superintendent, National Judge of the whole human family, a to all of the young Bonnie Blairs and Capital Parks-Central, National Park Serv­ ice. family bound together by Your gift of Kristi Yamaguchis who watched these Remarks: Honorable Russell E. Train, life and Your sustaining spirit. May Olympics and will be our Olympians in First Vice President, Washington National the spirit of tolerance mark our voices future years. Monument Society. and the spirit of understanding touch I think it is also important for us to Robert G. Stanton, Regional Director, Na­ our actions so we will see others as note that this Congress and this Nation tional Capital Region, National Park Serv­ companions on the road of life. May played a role in these achievements. ice. Your blessing, gracious God, be with us Honorable Herbert H. Bateman, U.S. House of Representatives, 1st District, Virginia. all this day and every day. Amen. Honorable James P. Moran, U.S. House of PERMISSION TO PRINT PROGRAM Representatives, 8th District, Virginia. AND REMARKS OF MEMBERS AT Musical Selection: Stevens Elementary THE JOURNAL WREATH-LAYING CEREMONY FOR School Glee Club and Bell Ringers. The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ OBSERVANCE OF GEORGE WASH­ Presentation of Wreaths: ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ Wreath of the U.S. House of Representa­ INGTON'S BIRTHDAY tives: Honorable Herbert H. Bateman, Honor­ ceedings and announces to the House Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, I able James P. Moran. his approval thereof. ask unanimous consent that the pro­ Wreath of the Washington National Monu­ Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour­ gram and the remarks of the two Mem­ ment Society: Honorable Russell E. Train. nal stands approved. Wreath of the National Park Service: Re­ bers representing the House of Rep­ gional Director Robert G. Stanton. resentatives, the gentleman from Vir­ Taps and Retiring of the Colors: Military PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE ginia [Mr. MORAN] and the gentleman District of Washington. from Virginia [Mr. BATEMAN]. at the The National Park Service and the Wash­ The SPEAKER. The Chair will recog­ wreath-laying ceremony at the Wash­ ington National Monument Society would nize the gentleman from Mississippi ington Monument for the observance of like to acknowledge special thanks to the [Mr. MONTGOMERY] to lead us in the George Washington's birthday on Fri­ Military District of Washington, the United Pledge of Allegiance. day, February 21, 1992, be inserted in States Air Force Band, and to the students Mr. MONTGOMERY led the Pledge of and faculty of Stevens Elementary School today's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. for contributing to the success of this pro­ Allegiance as follows: The SPEAKER pro tempo re (Mr. gram. I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the Unit­ VENTO). Is there objection to the re­ ed States of America, and to the Republic for quest of the gentleman from Mis­ SPEECH OF REPRESENTATIVE JAMES P. MORAN, which it stands, one nation under God, indi­ sissippi? CELEBRATING THE BIRTHDAY OF GEORGE visible, with liberty and justice for all. There was no objection. WASHINGTON , FEBRUARY 21, 1992 The text of the program and speeches Today we are gathered to celebrate the are as follows: birthday of George Washington, the founder HAIL TO AMERICA'S FEMALE of our Country. We celebrate this occasion at OLYMPIANS PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON, 260TH one of many monuments throughout our Na­ BIRTHDAY OBSERVANCE, FEBRUARY 21, 1992, (Mr. MAZZOLI asked and was given tion memorializing the spirit and courage of 11 A.M., WASHINGTON MONUMENT, WASHING­ the first President of the United States. We 1 permission to address the House for TON , DC stand here today at this memorial-the tall­ minute and to revise and extend his re­ "The name of American* * *must always est monument in our city that serves daily marks.) exalt the just pride of Patriotism, more than as a quidepost and reference point to how Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, 2 weeks any appellation derived from local discrimi­ important Washington was to our country of Olympic competition ended yester­ nations. With slight shades of difference, you and to all Americans. day. While the United States perform­ have the same Religeon, Manners, Habits I am especially proud to be able to speak ance was not what we would have loved and Political Principles. You have in a com­ at this gathering as the Congressman rep­ it to be-we did not win all the med­ mon cause fought and triumphed together. resenting the 8th.district of Virginia, where, The indep&ndence and liberty you possess are just southeast of here, George Washington's als-we certainly won a representative the work of joint councils, and joint efforts; home, Mount Vernon, is located. And, like share. I think all of us should take of common dangers, sufferings and suc­ all Virginians, I am proud that Washington note of the fact that 9 of the 11 medals cesses.' '-FAREWELL ADDRESS. served in Virginia's House of Burgesses and the United States won, and all 5 of the " * * *the Propitious smiles of Heaven, can lived here all of his life. gold medals which the United States never be expected on a nation that dis­ When I think of George Washington, I won, were won by our American regards the eternal rules of order and right, think of a man with exceptional principles, women. which Heaven itself has ordained."-FIRST backbone, and vision. A man so well loved by INAUGURAL ADDRESS. his countrymen that some thought of I think that goes back to a lot of " Knowledge is in every country the surest anointing him King, but who steadfastly re­ things, including the wonderful train­ basis of public happiness, contributing ines­ fused to accept any such title in the best in­ ing techniques that coaches have devel­ timably to the security of a free constitu­ terests of democracy. oped today, the great nutritional tech­ tion.* * *"-FIRST ANNUAL ADDRESS TO CON­ One need not wonder what our Nation niques, and new equipment. GRESS. might be like today if George Washington

DThis symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., 0 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 3160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 had been a different kind of man. What if he In 1753, at the age of just 21, George Wash­ Our nation today remains symbol of the had not had the courage to serve as com­ ington was sent as an emissary to the Ohio spirit of George Washington. It is fitting mander of the Continental armies in our River Valley to deliver an ultimatum to the today that we pay tribute to him at this be­ Revolutionary War and lead the fight French warning them not to encroach upon loved site and rededicate ourselves to the vi­ against the British from the first stirrings of English territory. During this mission, sion of our nation that is our great inherit­ rebellion in 1776 to the victorious meeting at Washington was shot at by Indians, nearly ance from the father of our country. Yorktown in 1781. He steadfastly maintained drowned, and exposed to extreme cold and We must maintain George Washington's his conviction that fighting for your beliefs hunger. This experience demonstrates his faith and pride in our nation. We must follow does sometimes necessitate waging battles perseverance, which was to serve him well in his example and remain committed to free­ against those who want to limit your free­ the years to come. dom and democracy. As John Adams said, dom. In the fall of 1755, Washington was air " his example will teach wisdom and virtue Knowing that he had done his part to se­ pointed by Governor Robert Dinwiddie as to magistrates, citizens, and men, not only cure independence from British rule, Wash­ commander in chief of the Virginia militia. in the present age, but in future generations, ington should have been content with this The respansi bility of defending some 300 as long as our history shall be read." The service and retire to his home at Mount Ver­ miles of rugged frontier taught him the im­ memory of George Washington will be kept non, but he could not turn his back on the portance of strong leadership and statesman­ as long as humankind treasures liberty needs of his countrymen. They called upon ship. The primitive conditions of the then under law: him next to help craft the most important frontier and the conduct of warfare against document in our nation, the Constitution. the Indians gave him the opportunity to con­ Washington came to the meetings with the duct difficult military operations over large LUXURY TAX firm belief that, "* * * the mass of citizens and rugged terrain, a lesson well used during in these United States mean well, and I firm­ (Mr. NICHOLS asked and was given the Revolution. His resolve and dedication to permission to address the House for 1 ly believe they will always act well whenever duty made him successful in defending the they can obtain a right understanding of inhabitants of the frontier of Virginia that minute and to revise and extend his re­ matters.'' reached to the Ohio River. marks.) After the final votes had been taken at the By the 1770s, relations between the colo­ Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, more fig­ Second Constitutional Convention, it was ures have been released this morning the unanimous opinion that Washington was nies and Great Britain had become ex­ the only man capable of filling the role of tremely strained. British abuses of the colo­ which again underscore what a tremen­ President. Though at first he was opposed to nists affronted George Washington's sense of dous failure the so-called luxury tax this suggestion he quickly saw the impor­ dignity and strengthened his belief in self­ has been. Let me share a couple of tance of his ascension to the Presidency and determination. He came to envision a land those statistics with you. resigned himself to the will of his colleagues united in self-governance. He saw moral This study reveals the luxury tax ac­ and assumed the office of President. · righteousness in the American struggle for liberty and dedicated himself to helping his tually costs the Federal Government Washington carefully molded the role of millions of dollars in revenue; $7.6 mil­ the Presidency during his two terms-setting fellow countrymen realize their dream. the precedent for the functions of the Chief Although cautious in his approach, Wash­ lion to be exact. Worse yet, the tax Executive and interpreting the balance of ington was firm in his support of the colo­ also costs thousands of working Ameri­ i:owers shared with the judicial and legisla­ nists' resistance to British political and eco­ cans their jobs. In fact more than 9,000 tive branches of government. nomic repression. He represented Virginia in middle-class American workers lost After two terms, Washington stepped down the First and Second Continental Con­ their jobs because of this so-called tax as President and left the office open for a gresses, and Washington was so well re­ on the rich. democratically elected successor. In Wash­ spected that he was unanimously elected as ington's farewell address he said, " * * * the commander of the Continental Army. One economist calls the tax a very happiness of the people of these states, under In the long struggle of the Revolution, shortsighted kind of tax because it ig­ the auspices of liberty, may be made com­ George Washington's successful command of nores the second round effect of tax­ plete by so careful a preservation, and so a poorly equipped and often demoralized ation-increased unemployment. prudent a use of this blessing, as will acquire army was fueled by the inspiration and hope Congress aimed its tax gun at the to them the glory of recommending it to the he was able to instill in his men. Washing­ rich, and shot itself in the foot and applause, the affection and adoption of every ton's commanding presence and personal sta­ working men and women in the back. nation which is yet a stranger to it." We bility fortified the courage of the nation. He Any economic growth package that have come to thank George Washington was able to manage seemingly impossible does not include a full repeal of this today for his selfless service for the better­ situations with a poise that seemed lil~ e ment of our country which set an example ease. His genuine concern for his men won tax is a failure. A failure to do what is for all Americans to follow. Thanks to their steadfast devotion. Indeed, the respect economically sound for this country George Washington all Americans can truly he was accorded both as a person and as a and a failure to protect the jobs of recommend the adoption of such democratic leader was critical to the success of the Rev­ thousands of Americans. principles by all Nations-and hope that olution. they are privileged to find such selfless, vi­ George Washington briefly retired after sionary leaders to make that democracy the Revolution to Mount Vernon where he THE SOCIAL SECURITY EARNINGS work. was the country's pre-eminent farmer, but TEST was drawn back into national service when it GEORGE WASHINGTON WREATH-LAYING CERE­ became apparent that in the interest of the (Mr. HUTTO asked and was given MONY REMARKS, REPRESENTATIVE HERBERT nation, he must assume a leading role in permission to address the House for 1 H. BATEMAN, FIRST DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, transforming the Articles of Confederation. minute and to revise and extend his re­ FEBRUARY 21, 1992 Washington had great hopes for the new na­ marks.) I am privileged to have this opportunity to tion. He felt that it should be pre-eminent in Mr. HUTTO. Mr. Speaker, why does speak here today in honor of a fellow Vir­ the world and a model for other nations. He the Government encourage people not ginian and our first President. For more believed this could only be attained through to work? Why does the Government pe­ than two centuries, his dedication to the a union stronger than the Confederation. nalize people for working? Why does principles upon which our country was George Washington said that the purpase the Government tell experienced and founded has served as an inspiration to all of of the new Constitution was to " establish us. George Washington's character and dedi­ good order and government and to render the productive citizens not to use their cation America validates his being referred nation happy at home and respected skills and abilities? to as the " father of our country." No one abroad." He strongly felt that the people These are just a sample of the many was more important to our winning our inde­ should govern themselves. He said he was questions I hear from my constituents pendence from Great Britain or to the cre­ sure the "citizens of the United States mean regarding the Social Security earnings ation of America. well, and * * * I firmly believe they will al­ test. George Washington's early experiences ways act well." Mr. Speaker, the Social Security taught him many lessons that he would later Washington felt that the people must be draw upon as commander of our Revolution­ inspired by a sacred regard for public justice. earnings test is a policy that defies ary War army, and as our post war leader. And most importantly, he felt that Ameri­ common sense. Our country suffers His experience as a young surveyor taught cans must be united in a common national from the worst recession in recent his­ him the significance of patience and exac­ interest and maintain their dedication to the tory which is having a severe impact titude and reinforced his love of the land. preservation of liberty. on our Nation's older citizens. In light February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3161 of our Nation's economic condition, the leadership to apologize to Presidents Later she let the Voice examine a small set earnings limit is grossly unfair and il­ Reagan and Bush for this political of phone records and credit card receipts logical. The income restriction not hatchet job. that debunked Brenneke's claim that he'd Mr. Speaker, I include for the participated in October Surprise negotia­ only denies some of our most produc­ tions in Paris. After the Voice published a tive citizens the opportunity to help RECORD the entire article. story based on this material last September, support themselves, but also prevents [From the Village Voice, Feb. 25, 1992] Robohm contacted Representative Lee Ham­ them from contributing to our econ­ OCTOBER SURMISE ilton, chair of the House's October Surprise omy and recovery. For example, sen­ (By Frank Snepp) staff, and began preparing to help with an of­ iors are finding it increasingly difficult Former Carter aide Gary Sick says, in his ficial investigation of Brenneke's files. When to pay their personal health care costs. recent book October Surprise, that the many Hamilton brushed her off with a form letter, Consequently, the Government is re­ sources he relied on for his searing indict­ she again contacted the Voice, this time of­ quired to increase spending at a time ment of Reagan campaign tactics in 198~an fering the entire Brenneke archive. indictment that accuses the GOP campaign To verify the substance of Brenneke's files, when budgetary restraint must be a staff of sabotaging Jimmy Carter's Iran hos­ the VoicP, checked with Kilian and others priority. Clearly, the ability of seniors tage negotiatons-all spoke independently quoted in the files to see if they had said to earn an income after retirement is with no common script. That's why he be­ what Brenneke reported. (The taped con­ vital to their well-being and to our Na­ lieved them, he maintains. versations spoke for themselves.) In every tion. "As time went on and the number and di­ instance, these principals recalled the state­ People are living longer and leading versity of sources increased," he writes, " the ments or conduct attributed to them. likelihood of a concerted, organized The picture that finally emerged from the very active lives far beyond retire­ disinformation campaign dwindled." But in investigation was one of a self-perpetuating ment. For older Americans the oppor­ an exhaustive examination of the origins of fraud. Reporters with preconceptions about tunity to remain active participants in the Surprise story, the Voice has discovered October Surprise had often suspended skep­ society is much greater today than it that Sick's assumption is wrong. ticism in deference to helpful sources. Sick has ever been. Older Americans must All his principal sources harken back to a himself ignored or overlooked inconvenient be permitted to enjoy the lives they de­ group of Israeli and European arms mer­ details. As early as 1989, he also became in­ sire and to which they are capable. chants who dealt regularly with one another volved in the first of two movie deals that throughout the 1980s and early '90s, first in committed him prematurely to an unverified Mr. Speaker, the issue may be dif­ shipping arms to Iran, then in shipping the ficult to understand, but the answer to conspiracy theory. October Surprise story to reporters. Several ROOTS OF OCTOBER SURPRISE the questions I mentioned earlier is members of this group got caught in a U.S. simple-let us eliminate the earnings Customs sting in 1986, which left them with For all the many permutations of the Oc­ test. an incentive to pay back the Republicans tober Surprise story, Congress told it first, and George Bush. and most convincingly, eight years ago. A Based on a review of exclusive documenta­ subcommittee under Democrat Representa­ OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE DE- tion it appears that none of Sick's key in­ tive Don Albosta was charged in 1983 with BUNKS OCTOBER SURPRISE formants had any original knowledge of the unraveling "Briefing-gate," the theft of MYTH October Surprise counterplot, an alleged President Carter's briefing book during the Reagan campaign attempt in 1980 to head off 1980 campaign. A yearlong investigation con­ (Mr. LIVINGSTON asked and was a preelection release of the 52 American hos­ firmed the larceny and also produced evi­ given permission to address the House tages then being held in Tehran. Only by dence of a more sinister kind of campaign es­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend swapping rumors and tacking with the latest pionage. ones-a process that the Voice has traced in According to the Albosta report, 120 "for­ his remarks and include extraneous eign policy consultants" working for Reagan material.) detail-were they able to create an impres­ sion that they knew of this event firsthand. in 1980 had monitored military bases, heisted Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, an­ By 1988 Martin Kilian, a journalist for the secrets, and leaked disinformation, all in an other hand grenade has been dropped German magazine Der Spiegel, was keeping effort to anticipate and head off a on the Democrats' October Surprise de­ many of these sources supplied with informa­ preelection hostage release. Even if nothing bacle. The counterculture Village tion they needed for this charade. He devoted more had been uncovered, that should have Voice has published an extensive re­ countless hours to trading tips with them, been enough to scorch the reputations of view of the conspiracy theory and its though his journal has published only two ranking Reaganites, for it was clear from Al­ sources. October Surprise stories in three years. At bosta's findings that the effort had been de­ Proponents of the October Surprise times Kilian seems to have been unaware liberately disruptive and directed from the that he was contributing to distortions. But top, by campaign boss William Casey and theory might have been overjoyed that records of his phone conversations with one several aides, including Richard Allen and the liberal Village Voice would add to source, Richard Brenneke, indicate that he Robert Gray. the allegations against the 1980 Reagan also knew that some of his contacts couldn't It was Gray, the committee discovered, campaign. Unfortunately for the con­ toe a straight line. who had brainstormed a PR strategy aimed spiracy minded, the Village Voice has Even the most doubtful of these sources he at screwing up Carter's last-minute bargain­ joined Newsweek and the New Repub­ passed on to Sick, who credits Kilian for ing. " If we leak to news sources our knowl­ lican thoroughly refuting Gary Sick's having encouraged him to pursue the Octo­ edge of the Carter planned events," ran one ber Surprise story. In late 1988, writes Sick, Gray memo, " we can get the press [to] say provocative claims. "Kilian began calling me at my home in Carter is politicizing the issue." In fact, the The Voice article states, Manhattan after each new interview or leak campaign did much more, prompting Based on a review of exclusive documenta­ whenever he picked up some nugget of infor­ misleading press reports of concessions and tion it appears that none of Sick's key in­ mation from the small network of individ­ breakthroughs that doubtless confused the formants had any original knowledge of the uals who continued to delve into the elusive Iranians- at the very moment Carter was October Surprise counterplot. st ory." It was a pattern Kilian would follow edging toward a deal. The reverberations in Only by swapping rumors and tack­ with others. Tehran may not have been the ultimate ing with the latest ones, a process that So pervasive was his influence and so cause of the breakdown of Carter's initiative. tightly knit the group of sources and jour­ But there is no doubt that this was the Re­ the Voice has traced in detail, were nalists who fed off him and one another that publicans' objective. " If there is a moral they able to create an impression that the truth about the scandal may be lost to truth to the October Surprise scandal," de­ they knew of this event firsthand. the confusion they generated. clared one ex-Carterite, " the most important The article also states, The Voice investigation was based in part revelations reside in the Albosta report it­ The picture that finally emerged from the on nearly 8000 pages of phone records and self.'' investigation was one of a self-perpetuating diary notes compiled by Brenneke to support But like many other scandals, this one fraud. his own October Surprise claims. Brenneke's quickly lapped over the boundaries of fact onetime researcher, Peggy Adler Robohm, and even righteous supposition. The earliest Mr. Speaker, due to the overwhelm­ initially thought that he'd picked up his proponents of a Republicans-did-it conspir­ ing evidence debunking the October knowledge firsthand. But last June, after ex­ acy theory were in fact searching for some­ Surprise myth, you owe it to the Amer­ amining his files, she wrote a warning letter thing else. As the election neared, Lyndon ican people to call off this partisan to his literacy agent. " Much of this material Larouche's right-wing journals launched an witch hunt. I call on the Democratic seems to come from Martin Kilian," she said. attack on Carter, claiming that he'd gone 3162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 soft on pro-Khomeini "terrorists" in the Citing Jamshid as his source, Sick also ar­ other things, that a Republican was capable United States. gues that the Hashemis did similar duty for of conspiring in the Israel-Iran arms shuttle. The focus of their pamphleteering was Ira­ William Casey and other Reagan campaign­ Granted, the deals exposed long postdated nian exile Cyrus Hashemi, who they said was ers in 1980, providing them hostage informa­ 1980. But one aroused suspicion often begets running terrorist money through a bank he tion and a "backchannel" to Iran that en­ another, and even before Congress had com­ owned. They also concocted a supporting abled them to outflank Carter. Noting in the pleted its Iran-contra probe, a network of cabal, incongruously made up of Zbigniew censored FBI surveillance files bears out this conspiracy fetishists was beginning to take Brzezinski and Henry Kissinger, which they charge, and Jamshid clearly missed an op­ shape. said was out to pit Khomeini against com­ portunity to tell the story himself in his ear­ Initially, the most ardent accusers were munism in the gulf. All this might have been liest known public statement on the hostage Iranian exiles. In April 1987, the former chief laughable except that, in fingering Hashemi, issue. That itself raises a question about his of the shah's secret police, Manzur they'd inadvertently found a key to Carter's credibility. For if he wouldn't clearly impli­ Rafizadeh, took the first swipe, accusing the hostage strategy. According to FBI surveil­ cate Casey, then why believe him when he CIA of having persuaded Iran's foreign min­ lance reports recently released under the does so now? ister in November 1980 to hold off a hostage Freedom of Information Act, Hashemi was By 1985 the integrity of both Cyrus and release until Reagan took office. even then conducting overtures to Iran for Jamshid Hashemi was in tatters. Cyrus had Rafizadeh had been in exile at the time, so Carter. turned Customs informant to avoid prosecu­ his charge, leveled in a memoir, was second­ The delicacy of Hashemi's position natu­ tion on gun-smuggling charges, Jamshid was guessing. But later that year exiled Iranian rally made him publicity-shy, so he sued hiding out abroad for the same reason, and president Abol Hassan Bani-Sadr pumped life LaRouche and his aides for libel in Septem­ William Casey's CIA, evaluating their poten­ into the story. In a New York Times inter­ ber 1980. That didn'c; quiet them, though, and tial as middlemen in a new hostage venture, view, he said that two ex-rivals of his, the after the election they zapped Kissinger turned them down flat. According to one ayatollahs Beheshti and Rafsanjani, had bro­ again, arguing that he'd secretly bargained contemporaneous CIA assessment, obtained ken off negotiations with Carter in October with the Iranian parliament to head off a through FOIA, Cyrus was deemed "only 1980 because of an overture by unnamed Re­ hostage release. In December, one of their slightly less sleazy than his notorious broth­ publicans in Paris. He also linked subsequent publications surfaced what is surely the first er Jamshid who is con artist par excellence Israeli arms deliveries to this event. It was articulation of the October Surprise counter­ and is a candidate for the scam of the month the first time anyone had pulled all these plot. "It appears, they wrote, "that a pattern championship." Another CIA report, dated threads together. of cooperation between the Khomeini people June 14, 1985, indicates that Director Casey The Miami Herald, meanwhile, put faces to and circles nominally in Reagan's camp himself vetoed any cooperation with Cyrus. the conspirators, reporting that a mysteri­ began six to eight weeks ago, at the height "The point was," ran the report, "he [Casey] ous Iranian had approached Richard Allen did not want the agency involved in the and Robert McFarlane in Washington a of President Carter's efforts to secure an Hashemi brothers' problems with the Depart­ arms-for-hostages deal with Teheran." ment of Justice." month before the 1980 election and offered to Over the next three years, the Larouchies Ten months later, Cyrus redeemed himself broker a hostage deal beneficial to Reagan. dogged the scandal and bayed at each new in­ slightly by helping to nab an Israeli arms Allen acknowledged the overture and said dication that Israel, a favorite bugbear of ring that included, coincidentally, many who he'd rebuffed it, but admitted that he'd theirs, was slipping arms to Iran. Meanwhile, later preached the October Surprise. His own failed to tell the Carter White House about Cyrus' brother, Jamshid, approached glory, however, was short-lived. In July 1986, it. Senate majority leader Robert Byrd cried LaRouche's organization in a bid to settle he died under mysterious circumstances in foul, and the House Judiciary Committee the libel suit quietly (the court finally dis­ London and Jamshid hunkered down to nour­ started digging. missed it). In early 1983 he told LaRouche re­ ish his own vision of the Surprise, the one he The initiative soon fizzled, however, along searcher Ed Spannaus that it wasn't Carter eventually fobbed off on Sick and ABC's with the Iran-contra investigation itself, and who'd nuzzled up to him and his brother in Nightline. by late 1987 the October Surprise "lobby" 1980, but the Republicans. "Jamshid told The Larouchies, meanwhile, shared their had shriveled to a claque of political me," recalls Spannaus, "that Cyrus was in own research with others, and some of it Ishmaels best personified by an ex-Reagan fact much closer to the Reagan-Bush admin­ turned up as footnotes in the first October staffer Barbara Honegger. istration than to the Carter people." Surprise book, by Barbara Honegger. The Honegger, a trenchworker for the GOP Later, in mid July, Time magazine pub­ scandal had taken its first captives. campaign in 1980, had bailed out of a Justice lished an investigative piece linking Another initial fillip to the story came Department job three years later to protest Jamshid to Iran arms smuggling. Again from news of early Irsaeli-Iran arms deals. the administration's handling of women's is­ Spannaus was summoned. This time, he says, Beginning in mid 1981, when the London Sun­ sues. Denounced as a "munchkin" by the Jamshid leveled about his Carter connection, day Times reported the downing of a mys­ White House for taking her gripes public, she acknowledging "that he had personally spent terious "Argentine" cargo plane en route promptly retaliated by handing the Albosta about six months flying back and forth be­ from Tehran, the prospect of an Israeli arms committee some real dirt. In October 1980, tween the USA, London and Madrid as a cou­ pipeline to Iran prompted only evasiveness she testified, she had overheard a Reagan rier for messages between the U.S. and in Washington. But Israeli leaders them­ aide boasting that "Dick [Allen] cut a deal" Iran." Jamshid also got cagey about the Re­ selves were more candid, hinting that they to ward off Carter's much-feared October publicans. Though Spannaus' recollections had Washington's sanction despite the U.S. Surprise. The committee skirted her recol­ are hazy on this point, he clearly recalls embargo. lections in its final report, and Honegger was Jamshid telling him that Cyrus was being Then came the Time report in 1983 that set left to disclose them on a Larry King radio protected by "the highest levels" of the Jamshid so much on edge. In a concurrent show in December 1986. Reagan administration. Time memo, which the Voice has obtained, What cinched her suspicions about the According to one published version of this the anonymous sources quoted in the article scandal, she later told Bani-Sadr, was his conversation, Jamshid also mentioned the are named. "Prime source on this is Admiral New York Times interview. In talking with GOP's October Surprise plot, though without Inman," the memo states, referring to Bobby him about it by phone in August 1988, she did claiming to have been a part of it. In another Inman," who'd just resigned as the CIA's not mention his own shortcomings as a wit­ account, which has likewise appeared in a deputy director. ness-though based on a transcript of their LaRouche publication, Jamshid refused to be The weighing in of such an authority inevi­ conversation, which the Voice has reviewed, explicit. In both stories, Spannaus claims to tably strengthened speculation that Israel she recognized them. She is heard in the ex­ have asked: "Was Casey involved in the hos­ was feeding the Ayatollah's war machine. change discussing scandal-related gossip tage negotiations?" To which Jamshid re­ But it was not until Gary Sick published All that she'd fed Bani-Sadr to jog his memory, plied, "I wouldn't tell you ifl knew." Fall Down in 1985, a book about Carter's Iran and he is heard debating the truth of his own Even given Spannaus' impression, it seems policies, that the Israeli shenanigans were previous statements. When she reminds him that as early as 1983 Jamshid was beginning tied back to the hostage crisis of 1980. Sick of his claim that Reagan campaign aides met to confide in LaRouche's propagandists. wrote that Carter had discovered, in the with Iranian counterparts in Paris in Octo­ Some of his remarks have checked out. Ac­ midst of his secret bargaining, that Israel ber 1980 to discuss the hostage crisis, he re­ cording to the recently released FBI surveil­ was treating Khomeini to military spare plies: "I am not sure. I have said it is pos­ lance reports, Cyrus Hashemi did help the parts. Sick did not, in this initial foray, sug­ sible." When she asks if he knows the names White House with its hostage negotiations in gest any Republican complicity, but the very of the Reagan participants, he says simply, 1980, even as he was arranging illegal arms hint of such an Israeli end run was enough to "No," and then proceeds to emphasize that sales to Iran, and Gary Sick acknowledges in set wheels turning. it's all secondhand-"information from Iran his recent book that Cyrus brokered a secret FIRST GLIMPSES OF THE DAISY CHAIN sent to me." meeting between a Carter representative and The loop was closed during the Iran-contra Honegger would later tout Bani-Sadr as a Iranian officials in Madrid in early July 1980. investigations of 1987, which proved, among source for her own October Surprise theories, February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3163 demonstrating a remarkable ability to filter increasingly moving in conspiratorial cir­ If Brenneke initially knew little of October out what she didn't want to hear. (Honegger cles. Surprise, however, he did possess informa­ refused to return calls about this story.) Based on Brenneke's diaries, Ben-Menashe tion that would ultimately be woven into Not that she was the only offender. In fall and Davies were much on his mind when he that tapestry like an integral thread, and in 1988, Playboy magazine published an October met Delarocque in St. Tropez the following July 1988 he unspooled it. Two former Cus­ Surprise story that skirted the reliability of September to discuss an Iran arms deal toms informants, Gary Howard and Ron another source, Iranian American arms mer­ known as the "Demavand Project." His Tucker, had sued the government to recover chant Hushang Lavi. By Playboy's account, notes of their conversation are speckled with expenses they'd racked up in an abortive Lavi had courted the John Anderson cam­ references to "Nick" and "Arie" (initially sting operation in the early 1980s. Part of paign, offering to open contacts with Iran in misspelled with an E). their argument was that the government it­ order to deny the president a hostage break­ Brenneke comes across in these pages as a self had crippled the project to protect an through. The implication was that Lavi had novice at the arms game. But soon afterward early Iran arms deal never reported to Con­ played into the hands of Republicans out to he experienced an instant greening. On Sep­ gress. Brenneke, ever determined to legiti­ delay a release. tember 24, during a stopover in Seattle, he mize Demavand, decided to offer testimony. But in fact Lavi had said something quite was rousted by U.S. Customs agents and re­ His sworn statement marked his first at­ different. According to a transcript of the lieved of his notebooks. Thereafter, accord­ tempt to write himself into the October Sur­ interview that the Voice has examined, Lavi, ing to other documentation, he became a prise scenario. when asked "about a deal between the low-grade Customs informant, and also He told Howard and Tucker's lawyers that, Reagan campaign and Khomeini," had re­ began sending notes to the Pentagon and as a contact CIA employee and sometimes plied: "I am not aware of that. I do not even the White House designed to distance Mossad agent, he'd flown 12 cargo flights to know." Jonathan Silvers, the interviewer, himself from Demavand. Iran between 1980 and 1982 as part of a joint had then asked: "Do you personally believe In early 1986, in one such note, Brenneke U.S.-French operation. Included, he said, that Reagan officials negotiated to delay the mentioned a secret White House decision were spare parts for the Iranian air force release of the hostages?" Lavi replied: "I permitting covert arms sales to Iran. How he drawn from NATO stores. For corroboration, don't believe so, sir." got this tip-off to the Iran-contra scandal Brenneke cited Delarocque, and despite hav­ None of this crept into the Playboy story isn't known. But over the next few weeks, ing privately pegged him as an "independ­ itself, which was written by Silvers and ex­ even as he continued playing up to his arms­ ent," described him here as an agent of the Yippie Abbie Hoffman, or into Honegger's ap­ dealing friends, U.S. Customs set up a sting French, U.S., Israeli, and Iranian govern­ proving statements about the article. Lavi against them. It was sprung in mid April. ments. would survive to become a primary source Delarocque eluded arrest, Brenneke later The testimony, so clearly a hodgepodge of for accusations against the Reagan cam­ claimed, only because of a warning call from half-truths, might have dropped into obscu­ paign, including Gary Sick's. him, and Ben-Menashe recalled a similar rity except for Howard and Tucker them­ HONEGGER, BRENNEKE, AND MARTIN KILIAN alert from Delarocque. Nine others, however, selves, who in pressing their suit soon be­ On August 25, 1988, the October Surprise were arrested, including three Israelis. came October Surprise devotees. What made story got its first big airing at a Washington Spearheading the sting was a bona fide in­ the testimony all the more noteworthy, news conference sponsored by an anti-CIA side informant, Cyrus Hashemi, the very moreover, was the way it seemed to dovetail watchdog group. The feature attraction was man whom brother Jamshid and other Octo­ with earlier reports of Israeli arms deliveries Honegger. Unfurling a copy of the Playboy ber Surprise buffs would place in the van­ to Iran. Brenneke himself was never involved article, she quoted Bani-Sadr as placing guard of Reagan's 1980 schemes. in any of these flights (his credit card re­ Bush at an October 1980 plotter's meeting in Over the next year, Brenneke stayed in ceipts show that he was in Portland, Oregon, Paris and Manzur Rafizadeh, the ex-Savak touch with Delarocque and, according to per­ on many of the dates when he said he'd made chief, as including Donald Gregg in Bush's sonal notes, shared his own phone records deliveries). But his "confirmation" of such a Paris entourage. (It was the first time any­ with the FBI. He also cultivated the press, fi­ pipeline-first mentioned by Bani-Sadr-was body had so clearly linked Gregg, who in 1980 nally leaking a story on Demavand to a New enough to set conspiracy theorists buzzing. had been a Carter official, to Reagan's sup­ York Times reporter in early 1987. The re­ After all, how could you have a secret 1980 posed machinations.) sulting notoriety enabled him to strike a deal between Iran and the Reagan campaign Again citing Bani-Sadr, she fixed the nego­ book deal with the reporter, and by August without a payoff? From now on, Brenneke tiations at Paris's Hotel Raphael and listed he'd lined up another collaborator, Will Nor­ was to be a player in the daisy chain. the Iranians present as "representatives of throp, an American-born Israeli rolled up in It wasn't an easy fit, though. By the sum­ Rafsanjani and Behesti." She then dropped a the Demavand sting, who was now living in mer of 1988, he was on the outs with the lib­ bombshell, announcing that arms dealer Oklahoma City awaiting trial. eral establishment in Washington, a sound­ Cyrus Hashemi and the CIA 's Casey had been Looking to make money fast, Brenneke ing board for October Surprise rumors. Ear­ involved. Her source, she said, was someone drew up a plan to insure a bestseller. "The lier in the year, he had won a $4000-a-month she would only refer to as "Mr. X." primary method of doing this," he wrote, "is job at Washington's Center for Development As events would prove, this new secret to bring new information to the press. The Policy by publicly accusing Vice-President sharer was Portland businessman Richard information must create interest and con­ Bush of running an Israeli-backed drugs-for­ Brenneke. troversy." Under "People," he listed himself, arms operation in Central America. Most re­ A word about his background: Documents Northrop, Delarocque, and-"Ari Ben­ cently, though, a Senate investigator named from his files show that throughout the mid Menashe." Jack Blum had soured on him because of his '80s Brenneke courted a bunch of would-be It is apparent from Brenneke's diaries that inability to document his charges, and on weapons dealers, including Ari Ben-Menashe, he and Northrop were never sure of Ben­ July 31, soon after his statement in the How­ who has emerged as an equally omniscient Menashe's or Delarocque's bona fides. After ard-Tucker case, Brenneke's boss at the lib­ October Surprise expert. According to busi­ speculating that the two might be Mossad eral think tank suspended him for failing to ness and other records, Brenneke's contact agents, they settled on a less flattering con­ put Bush in the hot seat, as he'd promised. with this group traced back to late 1984, clusion. "John [has] no connection with Brenneke was desperate, and might now when he began traveling ';o Europe as an ap­ Mossad," Brenneke wrote after a phone con­ have hauled himself back to Portland, had prentice arms broker for the Farnham­ versation with Northrop in late 1987. "John not Barbara Honegger fortuitously material­ Ottokar Trust, a baroque outfit registered in is known only as an independent with no ized from the wings. She was preparing for the Channel Islands. In early summer 1985, sponsorship. He is not trusted by Israel . . . her news conference, and needed a bit more during one such junket, he was introduced to Ari is not known at all. They believe he is than Bani-Sadr had given her. On August 22, an American arms merchant in France, John only an arms dealer." she approached Brenneke and asked his help. Delarocque, and, through him, became aware Nowhere in his diary notes from this pe­ As she later admitted in her own book, she of Ari Ben-Menashe. riod does Brenneke quote Ben-Menashe or virtually scripted the discussion. She handed Soon afterward, on July 29, Brenneke Delarocque on the October Surprise. The Brenneke a list of possible Paris conspira­ wrote to one Nick Davies in London, propos­ only relevant marginalia he immediately tors, including Bush and Gregg, and asked ing a weapons deal. Later he received an MCI picked up from his Demavand buddies was a him to confirm it. After striking one name telex from the same man. Since such docu­ miscue-from Northrop. On May 26, 1988, (Honegger herself had put a question mark ments are difficult to fabricate, the telex Brenneke jotted a Northrop phone message: beside it) and promising to ask around about seems to link Brenneke definitively to Da­ "Oct. 80 Bush in Paris meeting with Bani­ Bush's presence, Brenneke numbly suggested vies, who is described in Seymour Hersh's re­ Sadr." If either had been acquainted with that there might have been two meetings in cent book, The Sampson Option, as an Israeli the evolving October Surprise story, they Paris, not one. His own record of the con­ intelligence agent and Ben-Menashe's part­ would have realized how absurd this was. No versation reveals how bewildered he was: ner in a London-based arms company. Thus, one had ever suggested that Bani-Sadr him­ "Honegger meeting notes: Thesis: Reagan­ by mid 1985, Brenneke appears to have been self was in on the Paris meetings. Bush campaign conspired to delay the hos- 3164 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 tage release until after the November 1979 ex-CIA agent who'd been jailed for outfitting Paris meetings. In a taped memo recorded election . . . Howard Hughes was somehow terrorists, yet none of this apparently put soon afterward, Brenneke paraphrased Kilian involved . . . " anybody off. Kilian assured Brenneke that he as saying: "[Razine] knows me [Brenneke] Honegger would later claim that during knew a journalist who would vouch for and ... knew that the Paris meeting that I this first interview Brenneke wrote Casey Razine. Brenneke, for his part, remained dis­ was at was the [Hotel] Florida ... " and Cyrus Hashemi into the Surprise sce­ inclined to look a gift horse in the mouth. So astonishing was this fillip to nario, as well as Frenchmen Robert Benes. The story Razine told (through Kilian to Brenneke's story-and so sensational, if Brenneke's own notes, however, tell a dif­ Brenneke and by phone to Honegger) put true-Kilian might have been forgiven if he'd ferent story. " Was Cyrus Hashemi present?" Casey, Bush, and Gregg in Paris in October tried to cop it as an exclusive for his own he asked himself. "If so, which Iranians and 1980, and expanded the attendance list to in­ magazine. But he didn't. Instead, he handed Americans was he representing?" clude Hashemi Rafsanjani on the Iranian it off to a competitor, Robert Parry, then of Notwithstanding Brenneke's ignorance, side, and Robert Benes, the very Frenchman Newsweek. Honegger hailed him at her news conference Brenneke had named. Because of Kilian's im­ According to court documents, Kilian also as a breakthrough source and offered to pulse to share everything he knew, it is im­ assisted Brenneke a few days later in gaining broker introductions to " Mr. X. " Among possible to tell from the available docu­ an even loftier soapbox. The opening came those who jumped at the invitation was the mentation whether Benes sprang spontane­ when the brother of Colorado representative man who would become Gary Sick's closest ously from Razine's memory. But from now Patricia Schroeder-a Denver lawyer named collaborator-Martin Kilian, Washington on, Benes would be an October Surprise sta­ Mike Scott-began looking for help with a correspondent for the Germany newsweekly ple (to be cited indirectly in Sick's book). tough case. His client Heinrich Rupp, a self­ Der Spiegel. To judge from Brenneke's files, Razine described ex-CIA pilot, was facing sentencing Born in Germany and trained as a histo­ wasted no time proving his worth. He embel­ for bank fraud and had begun mumbling rian at the University of Georgia, the 41- lished Brenneke's dual-meeting theory by about a Reagan frame-up aimed at discredit­ year-old Kilian had been at his present post positing three Paris conspirators' meetings, ing him and others who'd allegedly witnessed for little over a year. But his discovery of all at the Hotel Raphael. He also said that some mysterious events in 1980. All Scott the October Surprise story immediately Bush and Casey had shown up with a $40 mil­ needed for a leniency plea was some support­ hyped it, focusing the resources of a major lion wire transfer to tide the Iranians over ive information. As he later explained to the international magazine on what had been a until Reagan's inauguration. As Brenneke judge Kilian and Parry helped him "get in quirky sidebar. recalled, he and Razine agreed, after fencing contact with Mr. Brenneke and aided us in Why Kilian became interested in the scan­ politely- through Kilian-that Bank Lam­ bringing this information to the court." dal is easily understood, since many of its bert had handled the transfer, not Bank Leu In fact, Brenneke needed no introduction principals operated in Der Spiegel's back­ as Razine had first reported. to Rupp. His own phone records show that yard. But how he covered it would add to its How Razine had come to know all this he'd called Rupp's Denver number a year be­ complexity, for he was always ready to swap never rang clear, since he kept changing his fore, and Rupp conceded, in a private inter­ rumors and sources with anyone. He told the story. He initially told Honegger and Kilian view with Scott (a record of which the Voice Voice that he favored this "non-competi­ that he'd read of the Casey-Gregg machina­ has obtained), that he knew of the offshore tive" approach because the October Surprise tions in a report by Benes filed at CIA head­ trust that had employed Brenneke as an was too complicated for any journalist to quarters in November 1980 by the chief of arms dealer. The odor of collusion thus cover alone. Perhaps so. But for Brenneke French intelligence. Later, by Honegger's hangs over this sudden and mutually bene­ and the other charlatans who were now or­ own account, he said he'd picked up the re­ ficial Brenneke-Rupp reunion, whoever bro­ biting the story, the ever-generous Kilian port from a " friendly foreign intelligence kered it. was a dream come true. service." It was a minor correction. Still The story that Rupp later told reporters Asked if it was okay to trade information somebody should have wondered. put both him and Brenneke in the midst of with such sources, Kilian told the Voice last Nor was this the only time Razine's mem­ the action in October 1980. He would claim Friday, "On a subject like this one, abso­ ory shifted. Besides changing Leu to Lam­ that he'd flown Casey to Paris on October 18 lutely, because it makes it possible to see bert, he altered the Iranian lineup at the and that he'd seen Bush at the airport there. contradictions.•• Paris meetings, initially including an arms He'd also include Brenneke among the Paris The afternoon of Honegger's press con­ procurement officer named Jalal el-Din conspirators. ference, Kilian drew up a confidentiality Farsi-only to replace him later with two These "recollections," however, did not agreement for "Mr. X," promising not to re­ others. Honegger and Kilian relayed these spring forth full-blown. On September 22, the veal his identity. A week later, after Der "adjustments" to Brenneke. But nowhere in day before Brenneke showed up in Denver to Spiegel published a story parroting his notes does he reflect concern on their testify on Rupp's behalf, Scott interviewed Honegger's theories, she encouraged a new part about the source's fickleness. Instead, his client and-based on notes from the law­ source, a mysterious fellow named Oswald Kilian and Honegger continued to peddle yer's files-discovered that Rupp knew little LeWinter who preferred to be called Razine like a miracle health cure. about the October Surprise. When asked how "Razine," to contact the reporter. On Sep­ Brenneke, too, found uses for Razine, im­ he knew of Bush's flight to Paris, Rupp re­ tember 7, Kilian took Razine's revelations to mediately parlaying him into added job secu­ plied, " Sloganism"-hearsay to the effect Brenneke, and soon afterward identified rity for himself. Shortly after first learning that "we've got the whole government on Brenneke to Razine. Suddenly. thanks to about Razine, he alerted his still touchy boss board." When asked if he'd recognized any­ Kilian, there wasn't a virgin in the house. at the Center for Development Policy that body on his own flight, he said, " Might rec­ For Honegger and Brenneke, what Razine Kilian wanted him to help exploit this new ognize faces. No names." And when pressed provided was mortar with which to bind up source. " [Der Spiegel] has asked me to uti­ to tell his story in court, he begged off, in­ their stories. What Razine got was a chance lize my contacts to help obtain further infor­ sisting that he'd have to defer to Brenneke to play Scaramouche, for never in his initial mation and corroboration," he told his supe­ since he, Rupp, was sworn to official secrecy. contacts with them or Kilian did he show his rior by memo. The following morning, in a It was the perfect prelude to a setup. Yet face, preferring instead to communicate by " Revised Proposal," he asked to be allowed Scott encouraged his client to tell his story, phone. Gary Sick, who later embraced to assist Kilian with a story about 1980 arms saying that if he didn't , Brenneke would. Razine/LeWinter as a primary source, de­ sales. In closing he offered a more provoca­ Brenneke did much more than that. In a scribes him in his book as a "genius. [an] er­ tive thought: " Help Der Spiegel develop closed hearing the following day, he not only ratic man" who knew novelist Saul Bellow proof of Bush-Iranian meetings in 1980 aimed seconded Rupp's allegations but embroidered and played the intelligence field, working for at delaying the release of the Embassy hos­ his own. He said that he'd attended at least both U.S. and Israeli spy services. Based on tages." one Paris meeting at the behest of a CIA offi­ Brenneke's files, Kilian suspected that That cinched it. As Brenneke recorded in cer named " Bob Kerritt" and had helped to Razine had also once been arrested for im­ another note, he was immediately assured purchase arms to pay off the Iranians for de­ personating a U.S. serviceman. Nowhere does that he could keep his job through October. laying a hostage release. Insisting that this point appear in Sick's book, though THE EYEWITNESS STEPS FORWARD French intermediaries had brokered these there is reference to a drug bust against Having gained this reprieve, Brenneke transactions, he identified Robert Benes as Razine. acted quickly to build insurance into it, seiz­ one involved. Initially Kilian seemed dubious of his new ing on an idea that boosted his value as an He also tried to turn Razine and Kilian source, and informed Brenneke (according to "October Surprise expert." How it came to into character witnesses for himself. Claim­ the latter's notes) that Razine sounded like him remains obscure. What can be docu­ ing to have been recently contacted by the a LaRouchie. Razine himself told Honegger mented is that on September 10, three days CIA, Brenneke testified that he'd been ad­ paradoxically that he was out to " protect" after first interviewing Razine, Kilian t old vised that a "retired" CIA officer would ap­ Israel, and both she and Kilian discovered Brenneke that the new source had identified proach a foreign journalist to verify what he that he sympathized with Edwin Wilson, the him as a participant in the October 1980 was saying. He then mentioned Kilian and February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3165 Parry and said that both had recently been spoiled an earlier sale. Is this the same immediately rallied the troops. Kilian told contacted by a CIA retiree (Razine). "Kerritt" Brenneke served up as his October Honegger that Brenneke had identified Once Brenneke's statement was released Surprise case officer? Gregg as a "notetaker" in Paris and had several days later, Kilian must have experi­ Had Sick known of all the linkages, he "talked constantly" with Hushang Lavi. enced a twinge. Obviously, this wasn't how might have realized that an obscure tank Honegger threw the weight of her scholar­ things had happened at all. Asked about his deal told a lot about the genesis of the Octo­ ship behind Brenneke's case by finally pub­ reaction, Kilian said last Friday, "I was flab­ ber Surprise story. Ignatiew, Brenneke, lishing her book, and Will Northrop, bergasted. I still don't know today what he Benes, Razine, Naqashan, Heidari, even Will Brenneke's Demavand buddy, provided a meant-I thought there would be somebody Northrop-all had been part of the T-72 bid­ sworn statement that bolstered his friend's else who would contact reporters. I asked ding, and all would emerge as October Sur­ claims of Israeli shipments to Iran in the [Brenneke], 'What did you mean by that?' He prise gurus. A coincidence? Not likely. The wake of the October Surprise meetings. didn't want to talk about it." tank deal-plus Demavand-seems to have As it turned out, the statement was merely Later, in a TV interview, Rupp squared his forged a number of links in the daisy chain. a distillation of news clips, and even the left­ own "recollections" with Brenneke's, explic­ Significantly, though, Brenneke and Kilian ist Nation magazine trashed Honegger's itly adding Casey to his passenger list. He came away from Paris largely empty-hand­ book. But nothing seemed to discourage also said that five other unnamed VIPs had ed. Ignatiew and Benes had proved especially Kilian. Over the next few months, he grasped been aboard the BAC-111 he'd supposedly uninformative. If these men were October the torch and ran with it, pulling together a flown to Paris on October 18, 1980. All this Surprise experts, they didn't reveal it first plethora of sources and demisources that jarred with what he'd told Scott just before time out. kept Brenneke and the October Surprise the hearing. Yet Scott continued to vouch Nor even the second time. After returning story alive. Once Brenneke tried to graph for Rupp's and Brenneke's credibilities in home, Brenneke stayed in touch with the Kilian's network, jotting a primitive wiring public. two Frenchmen, and tapes of his phone con­ chart that connected the journalist to He had help. Shortly after the hearing, versations with them (which have been re­ sources stretching from South Africa to Razine informed Honegger that Rupp had viewed by the Voice) confirm how ill-in­ Texas. It was an exaggeration perhaps. But been Casey's "favorite pilot" and that formed they were. On October 13, for in­ the fact is, Kilian did have his contacts. Brenneke's CIA handler, Bob Kerritt, was stance, Brenneke called Ignatiew to say that Start, for instance, with the ever-adapt­ "close to Gregg." Kilian in turn did some­ Kilian might be willing to offer Benes money able Hushang Lavi and Swiss journalist thing that would bolster Brenneke's own to sharpen his memory about the October Frank Garbeley, and follow the dancing line ability to script the facts. On September 26, Surprise (in fact it was an exaggeration). to Israeli ex-agent Ahran Moshell and Roy he dipped into Der Spiegel's coffers and Ignatiew was incredulous. "If I had been a Furmark and Richard Allen, and you have hauled Brenneke off to Paris to help inter­ journalist that evening [in Paris]," he ex­ just the beginnings of Kilian's daisy chain. view other sources. Gone forever was any claimed, "I would, I think, have understood Loop into it a German TV freelancer named hope of keeping the waters pure. that Robert knows more or less nothing." He Jurgen Roth and G&.ry Sick, plus Razine and Brenneke's diary of the three-day junket then betrayed his own ignorance by asking if Northrop, and you begin to spy the entire records meetings with Robert Benes and an­ Benes had been present at meetings with Modigliani. Not a pretty picture. other Frenchman, Nicholas Ignatiew, as well Casey in October 1980. "Oh, yeah, yeah, Others crept into it over time. Gary How­ as a phone call to Razine. Later Gary Sick yeah," Brenneke replied, "but not for the ard, the ex-Customs informant who was would claim that sources like these had no whole time." He also reminded Ignatiew that suing the government, provided back-ground connection with one another. But judging Bene's command of English was not suffi­ on Gunther Russbacher, and acquaintance of from Brenneke's files and other evidence, the cient for complicated discussions. Honegger's who claimed (falsely) to know of three individuals whom he and Kilian con­ Ignatiew asked Brenneke if he wanted Brenneke's adventures. tacted in Paris not only knew one another Benes to tell the truth. "I haven't decided," Anybody else with such credentials might but shared ties to other October Surprise Brenneke responded. have prompted some caution. But so taken "regulars." In effect Brenneke had ushered A few minutes later Brenneke called Benes was Kilian with this source that all other Kilian into his own circle of rogues. himself and, using pidgin English, explained considerations, including detachment, The ringleader, it appears, was Ignatiew, a that certain "people" were saying that he dropped away. When Stoffberg was extra­ Frenchman of supposedly noble Russian an­ knew .of Bush's role in the 1980 Paris meet­ dited to New York for arms trafficking last cestry. Four Brenneke memos show that he ings and would pay him to confirm it. "For year, Kilian helped find him a lawyer (the and Ignatiew had been discussing weapons what?" Benes replied, surprised. "I don't same one who represented Ben-Menashe). deals since mid 1986 and bandying about such know Mr. Bush." And when Congress began nosing around the names as John Delarocque of Demavand "They think you understand," said Surprise scandal, Kilian's research helped project and Benes. According to one of Brenneke. Benes shot back: "I don't under­ convince House investigator R. Spencer Oli­ Brenneke's notes, Benes had met Ignatiew stand." ver that Stoffberg was too valuable a witness "in service" and had good "access" to "east No sooner had Brenneke hung up than he to be left in jail. On the strength of Oliver's bloc" weaponry. called a Boston Globe reporter to keep the testimonial, a judge later reduced What Brenneke had long sought from pot boiling. "Robert is willing to talk," he Stoffberg's prison sentence. Needless to say, Ignatiew was a piece of his action. For years said disingenuously, adding that Ignatiew Stoffberg emerged from his cell ready to the Frenchman had been trying to purchase was likewise aware of Benes's role in October champion Kilian's views. a captured Soviet T-72 tank from Iran and Surprise. "Nicholas still works for the Kilian's firmest ally, however, was free­ other brokers, and Brenneke had wanted to French government,'' he assured the re­ lance journalist Jurgen Roth, who, according be cut in. Nor was he the only one. In his porter. "And he just flatly admitted that he to Brenneke's files, routinely swapped ru­ book, Sick describes the same deal and says was well aware of these things." mors and sources with him. In mid 1989, Roth that Razine once worked on it with an Ira­ It was all pure baloney, a smarmy effort by helped produce a German TV documentary nian expatriate named Ahmed Heidari, who Brenneke to pump up two sources who obvi­ that resuscitated the October Surprise scan­ likewise became an October Surprise source ously knew nothing. This time, it didn't dal and several of its more dubious promot­ for him. Sick says nothing of Brenneke's in­ work. On October 23, the Boston Globe re­ ers. Bani-Sadr came across in the program as volvement or Ignatiew's (which he didn't ported that Benes was ignorant of any Paris an authority on the very events that had know about), but his description of Razine's meetings. eluded him earlier, and Hushang Lavi pursuit of the T-72 leaves little doubt that On top of this, once Brenneke's testimony emerged for the first time as a self-described they were all on the same raft. at the Rupp hearing became public, Senate "participant" in the final Paris negotia­ Another name in the Surprise lineup that staffer Jack Blum promptly caught him out tions-a far cry from the know-nothing role traces back to the tank venture is Hamid in a lie. Brenneke had testified that he'd he'd assigned himself in his earlier Playboy Naqashan. Sick describes Naqashan as an once told Blum's subcommittee under oath interview. Iranian procurement officer who knew of about October Surprise. That, Blum advised By far, Roth's most provocative on-camera Casey's efforts to delay a hostage release. the Justice Department, was simply not source was an Israeli named Ahran Moshell, Sick doesn't mention-again he apparently true. Though Brenneke corrected his claim, who claimed to be an ex-Mossad agent. doesn't know-that Naqashan was also tied a grand jury began investigating, and in May Shortly after Roth interviewed him, Kilian up with Brenneke and Ignatiew. A July 1986 1989 he would up facing a perjury indictment sent Brenneke, a transcript and declared document in Brenneke's files indicates that for falsely portraying himself as a CIA con­ that here, finally, was firsthand proof of he and Ignatiew were then in contact with tractor and for having lied about the Bush Bush's complicity in October Surprise. His Naqashan about the tank deal. More pro­ trip to Paris. enthusiasm seemed justified, Moshell had vocatively, another Brenneke memo from Did the indictment cost him any friends? placed himself at a conspirators' meeting the same period mentions "Bob Keret," a On the contrary, Kilian and Rupp's lawyer, with Bush in October 1980 and seemed to suspected CIA agent, who was said to have Mike Scott, who later represented Brenneke, know secrets no one else did. At one point, 3166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 for instance, he remarked cryptically that project anyway. When asked what he'd been to another weak reed, the mysterious the same deal offered to Reagan had been of­ paid, he declared, "It's nobody's business." Razine. "We all know why we need him," fered to Carter. "Even Gary Sick didn't If Kilian helped turn Sick into a believer, Breimeke wrote to his lawyers at one point, know this," Brenneke noted excitedly in a he turned himself into something more, an and indeed they did know. For by now Razine computer memo. ex officio member of Brenneke's defense had gone the way of most other October Sur­ "Kilian is having Sick check a biography team. He once wrote a letter to chief attor­ prise sources, writing himself directly in to Razine gave Jurgen Roth," Brenneke noted ney Rich Muller, counseling him on how to the 1980 Paris meetings. This gratuitous in a December memo. Later, Kilian told him question Richard Allen should he become a shift in status from secondhand source to that Sick had talked to former Casey aide witness. And Brenneke's records indicate eyewitness should have given somebody George Cave, "who would not deny knowl­ that Kilian provided tips on other potenial pause, for the guest list for the final October edge of the hostage deal," and to Iran-contra witnesses, a chronology of Casey's where­ Surprise bash was fast reaching Biblical pro­ figure Richard Secord, "who claims he abouts in October 1980, and a suggestion of portions. But even Kilian, Razine's closest knows nothing." He also briefed Brenneke on how to undercut Donald Gregg's claim that monitor, seemed incapable of counting him Sick's conversations with Hushang Lavi and he was at a beach in Delaware on the very out. "Martin is convinced that R's knowl­ with another of Jurgen Roth's sources, weap­ day others would have him in Paris with edge of 1980 is real time knowledge," ons dealer William Herrmann. Bush. Brenneke wrote in late November, "not As Sick later noted in his book, Herrmann In a computer note keyed to his point, something he learned after the fact." claimed to have learned of the GOP hostage Brenneke reminds himself to check Gregg's Having invested his trust so completely, deal from Iranian procurement officer 1980 vacation schedule and then quotes Kilian soon took the next logical step, ask­ Ahmed Naqashan. What Sick didn't know Kilian as saying that weather reports for Oc­ ing Razine to testify for Brenneke-"as [a) was that this was the same Naqashan who tober 19 and 20, 1980, were "overcast, approxi­ moral obligation." Razine, however, was not had worked with Ignatiew and Brenneke on mately 55 degrees." It was this issue-the about to get trapped. In late November the Soviet tank deal in the mid 1980's. No beach weather in Delaware-that would fi­ Kilian told Brenneke that their last best link in the daisy chain was thus untainted. nally trip Gregg up. hope was wavering, that Razine was worried Nor did Sick seem to realize that the Kilian's willingness to play lawyer may about Israeli reprisals and the loss of a "CIA Herrmann-Naqashan story had undergone re­ have been quickened by an affinity for chief pension." Even worse, said Kilian, questions vision by the time he heard it. Earlier, ac­ attorney Rich Muller, who was as much an were beginning to crop up about Razine's cording to Honegger, Herrmann had told her October Surprise enthusiast as he. A long­ past-about his whereabouts from 1969 to that Naqashan had actually placed himself time friend of Brenneke's, Muller once joked 1980, about the fact that his intelligence in Pairs with Bush and Casey in October 1980. to an acquaintance that he'd taken the background was nowhere mentioned in court With Sick, however, Herrmann glossed over Brenneke case so he couldn't be called as a records of a 1984 drug bust against him. Sud­ this point. He also apparently neglected to witness. That quip told a lot. denly Razine didn't look like a sure thing at mention-for Sick omits these details in his Back in the mid '80s, as a reserve Marine all. book-that he, Herrmann, had been jailed in colonel, Muller (by his own account) had As they say in the pulps, however, help was helped Brenneke negotiate the shoals of Britain as a counterfeiter in 1986 and had Demavand and had kept Pentagon counter­ on the way. Within the next few days, Kilian tried to win extradition to the U.S. by cast­ told Brenneke that Nicholas Ignatiew was ing himself to Congress as an Iran-contra ex­ intelligence specialists informed. In late ready to pinch-hit for Razine. According to a pert, very much like Brenneke. 1985, as Brenneke's overseas contacts ex­ Brenneke memo, Kilian explained that Sick would later deny debt to Brenneke, panded, Muller used information from them to pinpoint a pro-Israeli leaker inside the "Nicholas on camera places Bush in Paris 9/ claiming that he'd listened but remained White House itself. Later, when Honegger ap­ 20 [sic] and probably later in Zurich." It is skeptical. But Brenneke's own files suggest proached "Mr. X" for help with the October not known whether Brenneke snickered otherwise. They show that in 1989, through when he heard this. This was the same Nich­ Kilian and Brenneke's other allies, Sick's Surprise, Muller again played Brenneke's si­ lent partner, briefing him on the drawdown olas Ignatiew whom he had coached by phone own perceptions began to harden. Two years months before, and who'd then known zero before, Barbara Honegger had found Sick to of NATO weapons stocks-supposedly a symptom of illicit shipments to Iran. For about the October Surprise. be unwilling to go much beyond what he'd anyone nursing paranoia, Muller was a prize Suddenly in a flush again, Kilian and written in his earlier book "All Fall Down." in himself. Brenneke conferred on January 3 to sort out There, he'd complained circumspectly of Is­ Less appealing, though, was his co-counsel, the bidding. Everything seemed upbeat. raeli interference, including illicit arms Mike Scott. "Mike the puppet master," "Very important discussion today with Mar­ shipments to Iran, at the height of Carter's Brenneke jotted after a conversation with tin Kilian," Brenneke tapped into his com­ hostage negotiations. But by mid 1989, Sick Kilian, and from Brenneke's own standpoint, puter. "Write Rich Muller and Mike Scott re was prepared to jump hard in the direction there was something to worry about here. this." What Brenneke outlined was the Octo­ Kilian and Brenneke pointed. For one thing, he wondered, "To what exent ber Surprise gospel according to Kilian, a That is apparent from an interview he gave is Mike Scott using his trial for political mo­ goulash of suspended doubts that put Casey, to Jurgen Roth at the time, laying out the tives?"-after which, in the same computer McFarlane, Pentagon official Fred Ikle, and "circumstantial evidence" of a Republican note, he added the name of Scott's sister, Bush at one conspirators' meeting in Paris end run in 1980. "There were meetings late in Colorado representative Patricia Schroeder. and Casey at several others with provision October in Paris," Sick declared. "We knew According to other memos, Renneke also (thanks to Moshell) for a Bush side trip to that arms deliveries went from Israel to Iran considered Scott a leaky faucet and feared Luxembourg. Sadegh Tabatabai and Ahmed at the same time ... We know that the Ira­ that he was slipping trial information to Khomeini had supposedly represented the nians were changing their negotiating strat­ Parry and other journalists, particularly Iranians, with an unidentified Swiss and a egies." Expect for a hard cover, this was es­ after Kilian told him of a tip he'd picked up Jordanian also attending. "Every one of sentially the book Sick would write two from Scott. Martin's sources agreed independently on years later. There was something else about the lawyer [this scenario)," Brenneke wrote. In late 1989, Sick became involved in a that also prompted worry, a little-boy qual­ He then listed those sources: Bill more ambitious film project. A friend of ity that mocked the solemn business he was Herrmann ("second hand because he got his Kilian's, a researcher named David Marks, about. Visitors to his office were startled to information from Naqashan"); "unidentified persuaded producer Oliver Stone and Orion discover that he kept a rabbit in an adjoin­ source ("probably from London"); Dirk Pictures to option Sick's All Fall Down as ing room, and even more troubling was his Stoffberg ("second hand, through Iranian well as Brenneke's own story and consulting fascination for James Bondish antics, par­ government officials ... and South African services. The commissioned script focused on ticularly the use of childish and absurdly intelligence"); Ignatiew ("unknown how their October Surprise allegations and fea­ misleading code names for potential wit­ Nicholas got his information"); Rozine ("un­ tured them as "characters." Though the film nesses. In a computer list attached to Scott's known whether first or second hand has yet to be made, Sick reportedly reviewed letterhead, for instance, Gregg was identified sources"); Moshell ("first-hand source. one version of the script and offered sugges­ as "Q in WH," translated elsewhere in the States he was there and was an eyewitness"). tions-a contribution that, like the Roth document as "Queer in White House." As a footnote, Brenneke credited Sick's interview, belies his current claim (first ex­ The thing that turned nuisance to liabil­ contributions and noted (the single caveat) pressed in a New York Times op-ed piece last ity, however, was Scott's inability to deliver that Moshell was suddenly unsure of his April) that he arrived at his conspiracy theo­ on Rupp. As Brenneke noted in a memo just dates. He also jotted a suggestion from ries only recently. According to Marks, before his own trial, Scott has "no idea Kilian that neatly accommodated all the Kilian also provided "substantive" advice, whether Harry will talk or tell the truth if new dates and locales being tossed around. though without a consultant's fee. he does." "We need to show that the October 19/20 Sick told the Voice that he didn't like the With Rupp such a question mark, the meeting I was at was part of a series of meet­ script, but admitted that he stayed with the weight of Brenneke's defense briefly shifted ings," he wrote. "As an isolated incident it February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3167 makes no sense. It only makes sense in [the] worked, had never retracted any Brenneke organization, which had been sniffing around context of [the] structure of an ongoing story. Since Brenneke and I had never dis­ the Inslaw case and advising its principals, deal." cussed October Surprise at all, my testimony Riconosciuto said that he'd helped transfer Superficially, this suggestion seemed a was irrelevant to whether or not the scandal $42 million to Iran as part of the October reasonable attempt to adjust to fresh data. had happened. Surprise deal. He also claimed that Brian, But there was also something mischievous Taking that stand himself, Brenneke swore who has repeatedly denied wrongdoing, had about it, for deliberately or not, Kilian had that he'd not only attended a Paris session gotten the pirated software as a bonus for just handed Brenneke's supporters new li­ with Don Gregg on October 19, 1980, but had his work on the project. cense to improvise. been told of Bush's presence. The govern­ Within the next week both Honegger and They wasted no time. A few days later, ac­ ment countered with testimony from Gregg Kilian called Brenneke to say that here was cording to a Brenneke note, the hitherto and two Secret Service agents who allegedly new proof for his story, and over the next cautious Northrop advised Kilian that he had been with Bush throughout the disputed several months Brenneke continued to talk knew of "two series of meetings" prior to period. Inexplicably, however, the agents for­ with Hamilton, and with freelance reporter the Paris sessions-one round in Frankfurt got to bring supporting records, and a retired Danny Casolaro, who was researching the in September and another in Geneva and TV weatherman from Portland obliterated Inslaw case. By fall 1990, according to Frankfurt in mid October. A week later Gregg's alibi by insisting that a photograph Brenneke's files, Riconosciuto's "role" in Razine picked up the thread, placing Bush in supposedly taken of him at a Delaware beach October Surprise had greatly expanded. Paris on September 5 through 8. on the pivotal weekend showed inapplicable Hamilton informed Brenneke on October 19 This sudden embellishment of Razine's weather conditions. It was the very tack that Riconosciuto "has told him Earl Bryant story again prompted hopes that he might Kilian had discussed with Brenneke weeks [sic] went to Iran in 1980 with Mike to de­ testify. But according to Brenneke's notes, before. liver hostage delay payoff." Soon afterward he protested to Kilian and Jurgen Roth that Not once did prosecutor Thomas O'Rourke Kilian advised Brenneke that "Riconosciuto he was now cornered by American agents in ask Brenneke for credit card receipts that says he saw me [Brenneke] in Paris October Europe and unable to depart and that their might have established his whereabouts that 1980." own phones-and Brenneke's-were tapped. weekend. Nor did he manage to discredit The daisy chain went bonkers, hailing the It was such a blatant resort to stall tactics Brenneke's weatherman (in fact conditions Inslaw case as a new wedge into October Sur­ that it's something anyone took him seri­ along the Delaware shore were variable on prise, particularly after Ari Ben-Menashe ously. In fact, he'd said too much, inadvert­ Sunday, October 19). Brenneke's own law­ and another burgeoning source, Richard ently giving Brenneke's lawyers something yers, by contrast, never missed a beat. On Babayan, provided supporting affidavits to to go on. May 4 the jury handed down a not-guilty ver­ Hamilton. Their statements dealt only with In March they acted, calling on the court dict on all counts, thus enabling Brenneke to Brian's alleged role in the software theft, not to dismiss the case against Brenneke because walk away claiming that the October Sur­ October Surprise. But no one seemed to no­ of the "intimidation" of Razine. Kilian, prise story had survived the government's tice. And after reporter Casolaro died mys­ Roth, and Rico Carisch all provided support­ best shot. teriously in August 1991, the word went out ing statements, and Brenneke swore he'd The verdict immediately kicked the daisy all along the daisy chain that a deadly cover­ known Razine for "more than 10" years­ chain into overdrive. Reporter Bob Parry, up was in the works. Ben-Menashe's notori­ which must have surprised Kilian, since he who by his own account had been lukewarm ety increased, and Gary Sick embraced had reason to believe the two had been intro­ about the October Surprise story, spent the Babayan, who'd been convicted of fraud in duced nearly two years before. next 10 months investigating it for PBS. Florida, as an authority on part of the Octo­ As it happened, it was't Brenneke but Sick, assisted by Parry and Kilian, finished ber Surprise. The fact that Babayan and Razine himself who got caught out. On researching a book on it, and Brenneke Ben-Menashe shared a business connection in March 23 an FBI agent in Bonn called began a new one of his own. His earlier book Chile-a fact made clear in their affidavits­ Razine, then filed a report to Washington. deal had collapsed after coauthor Stuart Dia­ raised no apparent concern about collusion. According to the document, Razine-identi­ mond had complained of his inability to And once again, Brenneke's version of the fied as "Oswald LaWinter"-had admitted produce documentation. (Brenneke had truth gained new luster. "that he does not personally know subject promptly declared bankruptcy and pocketed KILIAN SEALS THE DEAL Brenneke" and "would do him more harm his share of the $137,000 advance). But short­ Throughout all this Martin Kilian, the than good" if he testified. As for the alleged ly after, the trial researcher Peggy Adler journalist who'd done so much to make intimidation, the report continued, "he at­ Robohm offered Brenneke her services, and Brenneke what he was, continued to midwife tributes the origin of that information to a he began his work anew. everybody else's baby. Not until August 1991 'couple of hot shot journalists' for whom he All along the daisy chain, meanwhile, oth­ did Der Spiegel publish a story based on his decided to make life difficult. As LaWinter ers whose credibility had become linked to October Surprise reporting-the first in explained, he gave them numerous false his urged him to keep laying in insurance. three years. But Brenneke, Sick, and Bob leads. "You have the way to create media inves­ Parry all continued to draw on his handouts. OCTOBER SURPRISE IN COURT tigations," Northrop told him, "by simply Sick would credit Kilian with having briefed The witness list for Brenneke's nine-day telling a journalist or two something that him regularly on a variety of October Sur­ perjury trial did not include Razine or any happened, i.e., The Surprise." Brenneke com­ prise sources, and, based on Brenneke's own other October Surprise "expert" except Nor­ plied. notes, Kilian did the same for him. throp, who testified that he had seen One of the most useful insurance policies Shortly before Brenneke's trial, for in­ Brenneke in Europe sometime in September he copped for himself involved a strange case stance, Kilian uncovered evidence that 1980. According to lawyer Muller, Hushang of purloined computer software. Shortly be­ seemed to place a businessman, the late Lavi was rejected because of his inconsist­ fore his trial, Brenneke scrawled a cryptic John Shaheen, in the middle of the 1980 deal­ encies. Rafizadeh declined to testify unless note to himself-"Iran Contra Mike ings as an intermediary between Cyrus reimbursed. Brenneke had long ago dis­ Rechonashudo [sic]." A few weeks later, on Hashemi and Casey, who'd worked with missed Honegger as a "ding-a-ling" and Sick May 17, he got a related call from Bill Ham­ Shaheen during World War II. On September stayed away for reasons of political hygiene. ilton, owner of a small computer company 7, according to Brenneke's files, Kilian He explained to Northrop that for the sake of named Inslaw. Hamilton told him that back shared the Shaheen tip with him, and ac­ his own credibility, he had to remain "purer in the mid 1980s, the Justice Department had cording to Sick's book, the same information than Caesar's wife," eschewing any overt extorted some sophisticated software from was passed to him. That of course was typi­ contact with "spook tapes." Inslaw and then let it slip to Earl Brian, a cal of Kilian. While keeping his own byline As for the defendant's own credibility, at confidante of both Reagan and Edwin Meese. off controversial information, he always least one of his lawyers seemed doubtful. The source for this story, said Hamilton, was seemed willing to let others try to make it Just before the trial, as Brenneke noted in Michael Riconosciuto, a technical wizard fly. his files, Mike Scott complained to him that who is now doing time on drug charges. Typically, too, Kilian remained true to "everything checked out except my Riconosciuto had allegedly worked with even the worst of the bad apples. Despite the [Brenneke's] personal data." Brian on a contra project. " Formerly helped questions surrounding Razine, he continued With so little to go on, the defense's case contras with Reagan group," Breimeke to tout his virtues to Brenneke, telling him boiled down to innocence by inference. The jotted in a memo of the conversation. in August that "Razine was part of clean-up two ex-Customs informants, Howard and Whether Brenneke discussed October Sur­ crew" that had · covered the conspirators' Tucker, for whom Brenneke had testified, re­ prise with Hamilton is not apparent from the tracks in Paris. ciprocated by offering speculative testimony memo. But the following day Riconosciuto Equally generous was Kilian's attitude to­ about his alleged CIA connections, and one wrote himself prominently into the scandal. ward Harry Rupp, whose credibility had like­ other witness-myself-was subpoenaed to In a three-way phone conversation with wise nose-dived. "Harry's dates still messed certify that ABC News, for whom T then Hamilton and Jeff Steinberg of Larouche's up," Kilian warned just before Brenneke's 3168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 trial. Yet, come the following November, LaRouche interviewers only a few years be­ think Herrman or Ben-Menashe were linked Kilian was still pushing Rupp as a source. fore that Casey was involved. to Brenneke. I didn't think that those "Harry now says he did National [airport] to Nor did the particulars of the Madrid deal sources that I used had any ties." When ap­ Paris non stop with Bush, Gregg, and one or square with what was known of the praised that Jamshid knew Will Northrop, he two others," Kilian told Brenneke. Later Hashemis' opportunism. In 1984 a grand jury said, "I didn't think they knew each other." Bob Parry sat Rupp down for a PBS inter­ indicted Cyrus for petty arms smuggling to SICK'S RECYCLING MACHINE view and discovered that the pilot had sud­ Iran, including transactions during the very Kilian's ability to censor out what he denly remembered an even earlier Surprise period when he was supposedly brokering the didn't want to hear clearly influenced Sick, episode-a series of meetings supposedly held $150 million October Surprise shipment. whose recent book is a study in selective re­ in Madrid as a prelude to the Paris negotia­ Would Cyrus have bothered with such penny­ porting. Time and again the author shaves tions. That should have sounded alarms all ante stuff if he'd really been involved in such facts that prejudice his sources or pet theo­ along the daisy chain. It didn't. Gary Sick a bonanza? Simple logic says no. ries. He only barely touches on Cyrus would later cite the Rupp interview as a Adding to the skeptic's brief are the FBI Hashemi's complicating role as a Carter hos­ prime reason for believing the Madrid meet­ surveillance reports mentioned previously. tage negotiator, and overlooks Carter's ings had happened. Based on wiretaps of Cyrus Hashemi's busi­ hands-off treatment of Hashemi's illicit As noted above, it was Kilian who had first ness phones in late 1980, they indicate that arms deals with Iran. (Sick would have us glimpsed the "need" for earlier negotiating this key "conspirator" was in New York on believe that it was solely the Reagan cam­ sessions. But only after Ben-Menashe and October 20, a date frequently associated with paign, in collusion with the Israelis, that Jamshid Hashemi, Cyrus's brother, picked up the Paris meetings. They also show that nurtured these deals and thus undercut on the Madrid theme in mid 1990 did this Cyrus took orders from Iranian, not Repub­ Carter.) multimeeting theory of the conspiracy catch lican, agents in arranging subsequent weap­ Similarly, it is only from Honegger's book fire. Afterward, Sick and Parry became be­ ons deliveries to Iran. Even more provoca­ that we learn of gunrunner William lievers, and Brenneke began rewriting his tive is the newly revealed role of the Carter Herrmann's conviction as a counterfeiter. book outline to place himself in every meet­ administration in his activities. Whereas Sick likewise ignores Razine's boast to the ing anyone could think of. conspiracy buffs like Jamshid and Sick FBI about peddling false leads, the inability "My major contribution to the story from argue that Cyrus helped the Republicans of Jamshid Hashemi and Hushang Lavi to a research point of view," Sick told the stave off a hostage release by smuggling ·stick to a consistent story about whether Voice, "was the Madrid meetings." As Sick arms to Iran, the wiretaps show that admin­ they took part in the Paris and Madrid ses­ recalls in his book, Jamshid boasted to him istration officials acquiesced in his weapons sions, and Ben-Menashe's failure to pass a of having firsthand knowledge of these meet­ deals because of his importance to their own polygraph test administered by ABC News ings. Jamshid claimed that in mid 1980 he hostage bargaining. If the Republicans en­ shortly before Sick's publication date. and Cyrus had twice arranged for Casey to couraged Cyrus in these ventures, weren't In interviews Sick has argued that a meet secretly in Madrid with the Ayatollah they then only mimicking the administra­ source's propensity for lying shouldn't dis­ Mehdi Karrubi. During the first session in tion? credit everything he says. But he fails to ac­ late July, he said, Casey had suggested that . In late 1990 Kilian began to have his own knowledge that some of his sources stood to arms might be sent to Iran through a "third doubts about the Hashemi story, and, ac­ gain, even to the point of easing a prison country" if the hostages were released as a cording to Brenneke's files, complained that sentence, by lying about the Surprise. "gift" to a fledgling Reagan administration. Jamshid might be an agent for Customs or Though Sick may not have appreciated Two weeks later, by Jamshid's account, even the CIA. Other sources also began to how interconnected his sources were, he Casey had returned to Madrid to firm up the wear badly. In April 1991, In These Times surely knew that Kilian-the man he credits arrangement, and the Israelis had then se­ published comments from Ben-Menashe that in his postscript as a "kindred spirit"-had cretly dispatched $150 million in arms and diverged from what he'd told Sick and oth­ flitted among many of them like a pollen spare parts to Iran, with Cyrus brokering the ers. The discrepancy involved that Washing­ bee. His book bristles with borrowings from deal for a commission. The October sessions ton get-together (reported so long ago) be­ Kilian's interviews, and where Kilian proves in Paris were icing on the cake. tween Reagan campaigner Richard Allen and wanting, Sick substitutes gleanings from other reporters. When Ben-Menashe was asked about all an Iranian emissary in early October 1980. "Let's get it clear here," Sick said last this, he "confirmed" it, saying that he'd Ben-Menashe said he'd accompanied Friday. "There was no conspiracy here. I was read about the Madrid sessions in Israeli in­ Hushang Lavi to the meeting. But for Sick talking to Martin Kilian, I was talking to telligence reports. Later, reporters for ABC's he spun a different tale, claiming that his Bob Parry, I was talking to Craig Unger, Nightline discovered a hotel ledger that companion was not Lavi at all, but a profes­ anybody who worked on the story. And as we seemingly established Cyrus and Jamshid's sor from Tehran University (an inconsist­ made a breakthrough in one place * * * [and] presence in Madrid at the appropriate mo­ ency that Sick noted). Lavi himself clouded when we asked where Casey is, some people ment. They also found that Casey had been things further by insisting that he'd handled went out to interview Meese. Nobody was abroad at the time and that someone named the meeting alone-this from a man who telling anyone what to do. This was a vol­ "Robert Gray" had been registered in the nearly four years before had denied knowing untary group of people working on the story Hashemis' hotel. Since that was the name of anything about the plot. which I regard as almost the best of inves­ Casey's campaign deputy in 1980--the same By mid 1991, the Surprise story was begin­ tigative journalism." Robert Gray who had written some of the ning to fray, partly because of mounting evi­ Indeed, the most remarkable thing about most aggressive GOP strategy papers on the dence that Bush couldn't have been in Par.is Sick's book is its derivative character. Only hostage issue-the glove seemed to fit per­ during the crucial period of October 19 and five of the 14 primary sources he cites for the fectly. 20, 1980. Kilian has told the Voice that he Paris and Madrid meetings did he interview And yet, there were holes in it. For one broke with Ben-Menashe over this issue. In himself, thus casting doubt on his ability to thing, as Jamshid had long ago intimated to May he also wrote Brenneke off after discov­ judge the credibility of the lot. With few ex­ LaRouche researchers, Madrid had been a ering that a letter "certifying" Brenneke's ceptions, moreover, his source list duplicates way station in Carter's hostage negotiations CIA recruitment had been forged. the one that Honegger used for her book two in 1980. So there was ample room for confu­ If Kilian was beginning to have doubts, years before and that Kilian expanded with sion. In addition, as Nightline reported, however, he was slow to tumble to the impli­ Brenneke's help. To be fair, Sick might well much of Casey's three-day European junket cations. Almost better than anyone else, he consider sharing with them the half-million in late July had been given over to a London knew that the daisy chain was not divisible, dollars he's reportedly been promised in a conference. Though he could have darted off that the bursting of one link affected the second movie deal, for they provided the to Madrid and back, conference records ad­ whole. He knew that Ben-Menashe had indi­ needed research. mitted only a silverlike window of oppor­ rect links to Brenneke and that Ignatiew and The proof is in his page notes. Consider, for tunity. Razine's credibility hinged on Brenneke's. example, the sources he says vouched for the More troubling still were problems with He also knew that Lavi, Jamshid Hashemi, Madrid meetings. Besides J amshid Hashemi the sources themselves, particularly and Ben-Menashe were part of a skein that and Ben-Menashe, he cites Brenneke's dubi­ Jamshid, whose memory seemed infinitely could not hold if any one of them proved un­ ous friend Harry Rupp and Richard Babayan, elastic. At one point, for instance, he told true. Yet, Der Spiegel's August 1990 story on the convicted defrauder whom the Inslaw Sick that he'd been present for the Madrid the scandal merely recycled much of what documents link to Ben-Menashe. He also in­ negotiations but not the Paris ones, while in Kilian had gotten from these sources, par­ cludes an Iranian exile who learned of the an interview with Kilian he glossed over Ma­ ticularly Jamshid. meetings only secondhand from the drid and refused to specify whether he'd been "If I had known that Jamshid was linked Hashemis, and a convicted weapons dealer, in Paris. Anyone bothering to research, to Brenneke it would have raised a couple of Arif Durrani, who has told the Voice that he moreover, would have discovered that questions," Kilian said. "I didn't think knows nothing about any October Surprise Jamshid had been unwilling to affirm to Jamshid was linked to Brenneke. I didn't meeting. February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3169 The same paucity of firsthand information meetings and often relied on hearsay from mation with them and other journalists. His is evident in Sick's account of the Paris ses­ journalist Martin Kilian and others. While own magazine has devoted only two stories sions. Again, Ben-Menashe and the oblivious acknowledging the unreliability of some of to the scandal in three and a half years. Durrani are identified as primary sources, his sources, Sick nonetheless built them into David Marks-Kilian's close friend, helping but here Sick also relies upon Brenneke, the scaffolding of his conspiracy theory, thus bring Sick and Brenneke together for an Oli­ Razine, Lavi, and Brenneke's newly tutored erecting an edifice of compounded error. In ver Stone movie project in 1989 that was to friend, Ignatiew. Two unnamed sources are 1989 Sick became involved in a movie deal dramatize both men's conspiracy allegations mentioned; quite possibly they are the self­ with Brenneke and producer Oliver Stone by turning both into "characters," much styled Israeli agent Abran Moshell and that gave the former NSC aide a financial like ex-New Orleans district attorney Jim Brennecke's pal Benes. stake in a theory he had only begun to re­ Garrison in Stone's current film, JFK, In addition, Sick cites Kilian as the source search. Sick said the fact that he made Marks, who was rejected as a prospective in­ for speculation about the role played by movie deals and how much money they vestigator for Congress's October Surprise Casey's friend Shaheen. He also slips weap­ earned him were "totally irrelevant to the probe because of his "partisanship," is cur­ ons dealer William Herrmann into the mix, truth" of the October Surprise story. rently helping with a PBS Frontline "inves­ though he is careful to point out that Cyrus Hasehemi-allegedly the Reagan tigation" of Sick's allegations. Herrmann only learned of the October Sur­ campaign's secret emissary to Khomeini in prise from Iranian procurement officer 1980, simultaneously pursued private Iran Nagashan. What he doesn't know, of course, arms deals of his own, with the acquiescence THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF VOICE is that Brenneke and his buddy Ignatiew of the Carter administration. If, as Sick and OF AMERICA opened lines to Naqashan in mid 1986. Nor others claim, such under-the-table trade does Sick seem aware that another of his caused the ayatollahs to stall a hostage re­ (Mr. REGULA asked and was given principal sources, Iranian exile Ahmed lease, then Carter's own hands-off policy to­ permission to address the House for 1 Heidari, was involved in a business venture ward Hashemi may have been as much to minute and to revise and extend his re­ (the attempted tank purchase) that included blame as any GOP counterplot. marks.) Ignatiew and Brenneke, as well as Razine. Jamshid Hashemi-one of the few key Mr. REGULA. Mr. Speaker, today "Most of these men did not know one an­ sources Sick interviewed himself, gave a dif­ marks the 50th anniversary of the other," Sick writes of his sources. "The ferent October Surprise story to extremist Voice of America, a voice of truth that chance that [they] are telling their versions Lyndon Larouche's aides in 1983, leaving un­ has resonated around the world for a of the truth is much higher than the chance clear if Reagan campaign chief William that they are all lying in concert." Casey was involved in earlier machinations period beginning 79 days after the Clearly, he has it wrong. Far from being to delay a hostage release. Jamshid has also entry of the United States into World disconnected, most of his sources spring equivocated about his own role, denying to War II to the crumbling of the Iron from a group of international arms mer­ Sick that he participated in a Paris plotters' Curtain and the blossoming of freedom chants and wannabes who got stung by U.S. meeting in 1980, while refusing to clarify this for millions of oppressed people. Customs and by an undercover informant issue with Kilian. We must hope that the future actions named Cyrus Hashemi in April 1986. To rule Abol Hassan Bani-Sadr-Iran's exiled presi­ of this body will allow the Voice of out collusion among them requires consider­ dent, denied to Barbara Honegger in 1988 America to continue to be the founda­ able charity, particularly since the October that he had any firsthand knowledge of the Surprise story indicts one member of the October Surprise conspiracy. Later, after tion for a voice of truth, a voice of White House crowd-George Bush-who they feeding him background to improve his ideals, a voice of human rights, a voice felt had caught them out. What's more, since memory, she cited him as a prime source for of freedom, a voice of economic growth Brenneke's records show that none of his her own conspiracy theories. to improve the quality of life for all contacts had any original knowledge of the Hushang Lavi-U.S.-Iranian arms dealer people, a voice of peace, and that the October Surprise, the real likelihood is that told a Playboy interviewer four years ago Voice of America continues to be a they improvised. that he knew nothing of a Reagan campaign beacon light that shines as an example But if Sick misses this point, he also seems effort in October 1980 to block a pre-election of goodness to all people. oblivious to the simple dictates of candor. hostage release. The Playboy story itself­ Last September, the Voice exposed Brenneke one of the first on the October Surprise­ as a fraud after discovering that his 1980 shortchanged this admission. Recently, Lavi 01210 credit card receipts placed him nowhere near has placed himself at the center of the Octo­ the Paris or Madrid sessions that he claimed ber Surprise and become a prime source for CONGRATULATIONS TO THE U.S. to have witnessed first-hand. Had this evi­ Gary Sick. NATIONAL WOMEN'S SOCCER dence surfaced at his perjury trial in 1990, his Oswald LeWinter-also known as "Mr. TEAM defense would have collapsed. So would the Razine," the most creative October Surprise credibility of at least five others-Razine, source, corroborated Brenneke, serviced both (Mr. WOLF asked and was given per­ Riconosciuto, Rupp, Russbacher, and Nor­ Sick and Honegger's research, and has tested mission to address the House for 1 thro~who all claimed to have seen Kilian's skepticism and found it wanting. minute and to revise and extend his re­ Brenneke in Europe in the fall of 1980. Yet Even though Kilian knew of self-serving marks.) Sick suggests in his book that Brenneke's changes in Razine's story and of an FBI re­ Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, on February whereabouts had no bearing on the accuracy port linking Razine to "false leads," the 6 we commemorated "National Women of his charges. journalist has continued to quote him to Where Brenneke was, he says, "was not an others, and even urged him to testify "as a and Girls in Sports Day" and in keep­ issue in the trial. Brenneke had been accused moral obligation" at Brenneke's perjury ing with that special day, I want to of falsely stating that William Casey, Donald trial. bring to my colleagues' attention the Gregg and possibly George Bush were in Ari Ben-Menashe-allegedly an ex-Israeli tremendous achievement of the U.S. Paris on that particular weekend. * * * Al­ intelligence agent, shared friends and busi­ Women's Soccer Team in winning the though this case received virtually no atten­ ness interests with Brenneke in the mid world championship title last Novem­ tion in the national media, it marked the 1980s. Sick has relied on Ben-Menashe and ber 30 defeating Norway 2-1, in the first and only time that the U.S. Govern­ another business associate of his to buttress games played in China. ment had systematically and authoritatively his own October Surprise theories, even attempted to refute the allegations of an Oc­ while claiming in his book "most of these President Bush honored the squad re­ tober Surprise * * * To my surprise and to men did not know each other . . . " cently when they met with him at the the surprise of almost everyone who followed William Herrmann, Hamid Nagashan, White House. It was a well deserved the trial closely, the failed." Ahmed Heidari, Nicholas Ignatiew-all honor. These women are great role With this kind of intellectual flexibility, prominent October Surprise sources, came models for today's young people par­ the daisy chain should long outlive the ear­ together in various weapons deals in the mid ticipating in high schools and ever-ex­ nest souls and pretenders who created it. 1980s in which Brenneke played a peripheral panding soccer leagues around our Na­ role. Sick discounts collusion among them, tion. And worldwide, they are tremen­ THE LINEUP-EARNEST SOULS AND PRETEND­ again in the belief that they share no com­ ERS: THE MAKERS OF THE OCTOBER SUR­ mon ground. dous examples of the great American PRISE Martin Kilian-Washington correspondent competitive sports spirit. Gary Sick-in researching his October Sur­ for Der Spiegel and Sick's closest collabo­ I am especially pleased to share this prise book interviewed only half of the rator, has nurtured October Surprise tremendous achievement with my col­ sources he cites for crucial conE60 minutes. With the U.S. Women's Soccer nomic growth packages is "high politi­ Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, this Team's world title, we now have an cal theater." special order is another in a series of event that is more than just an average Now, the chairman makes a very special orders related to the Banking soccer story. It was U.S. soccer's shin­ valid point. The Democrats have put on Committee's investigation of the At­ ing moment-a unique performance flop after flop in their quest for the lanta branch of the Banca Nazionale without equal in American soccer his­ White House, receiving terrible reviews del Lavoro [BNL]. Today I will show tory. I was pleased to be a cosponsor of from the American people. So now they how the State Department continually Congresswoman SNOWE's resolution have come up with their new musical pressured the Export-Import Bank to which the House passed to commemo­ melodrama, "The Phantom of the Tax approve loans to Iraq despite the fact rate "National Women and Girls in Cut." that Iraq was not creditworthy. Sports Day." It is a fitting time on Their script is full of political cli­ BNL was the second largest bank which to make special note of our ches. The music is discordant. The cur­ participant in the Eximbank program country's first international soccer rent star, charismatic Paul Tsongas. for Iraq. Eximbank insured 51 BNL fi­ championship on any level. wants a total rewrite, and. as usual, nanced transactions which aggregated This commemoration might also be a there is no public rush to the box of­ $47 million in value. good time to promote the inclusion of fice. Over the years, top levels of the ad­ women's soccer as a gold medal sport Who could believe a script that asks ministration, including President at the 1996 Olympics, which this Nation us to believe that economic salvation Bush, repeatedly intervened with the will host in Atlanta. It was dismaying is gained by doling out 4 bits a day to Eximbank in order to assist Iraq. Dur­ to read recent news reports that wom­ each member of a family of four? ing the entire United States-Iraq rela­ en's soccer may be pushed back to the I have often wondered what critics tionship, the State Department and year 2000 Olympics. I am sure the many meant when they referred to "the thea­ other agencies pressured the Eximbank thousands of soccer players and fans in ter of the absurd." Now we know. It is to disregard its charter in order to pro­ northern Virginia and around the coun­ the Democrats in pursuit of an eco­ vide credit assistance to Iraq. try would agree that women's soccer nomic policy. The policy toward Iraq is by far the should get its opportunity to compete The Democratic "Phantom of the most tragic foreign policy episode of in 1996. Women's soccer competition in Tax Cut" ought to close out of town. the Bush and Reagan administrations. the Atlanta Games would provide a Mr. Speaker. It is not high political Whether that policy was to use Iraq to continuing opportunity to encourage theater. It is low political farce, get­ stop Iran, or later, to eject Saddam more participation in girls' soccer by ting less funny every moment. Hussein, or to bring about regional sta­ promoting the U.S. women's national bility-it is a policy that ended in war team and improving youth programs in and the loss of many precious lives­ COMMITTEE ON RULES AN- and with no long-term goal achieved­ our States. I hope my colleagues will NOUNCEMENT REGARDING SUB­ join in recognizing the world champion yet it remains a story that is largely MISSION OF AMENDMENTS TO untold. U.S. Women's Soccer Team and in pro­ H.R. 3844, HAITIAN REFUGEE moting a women's soccer gold medal in The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait had a fi­ PROTECTION ACT OF 1992 nancial cost to the United States tax­ 1996. (Mr. MOAKLEY asked and was given payer because Iraq has now defaulted permission to address the House for 1 on $2 billion in loans guaranteed by the COMMUNICATION FROM HON. minute.) Agriculture Department and the Ex­ LINDSAY THOMAS, MEMBER OF Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, the port-Import Bank on letters of credit CONGRESS Committee on Rules is planning on to Iraq financed through the agency meeting on Tuesday, February 25, 1992, Banca Nazionale del Lavora in Atlanta. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be­ on H.R. 3844, the Haitian Refugee Pro­ The following will illustrate how the fore the House the following commu­ tection Act of 1992. In order to provide Export-Import Bank was cajoled into nication from Hon. LINDSA y THOMAS, for an orderly process in the consider­ granting credit for Iraq even though Member of Congress: ation of this matter, the Committee on the 'financial experts at the bank re­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Rules is requesting that Members sub­ peatedly warned that extensions of Washington, DC, February 20, 1992. mit 55 copies of their amendments to credit to Iraq did not offer a reasonable Hon. THOMAS s. FOLEY, the bill, together with a brief expla­ assurance of repayment. In fact, Iraq The Speaker of the House of Representatives, H- later defaulted on its Eximbank com­ 204, The Capitol, Washington, DC. nation of the amendment, to the com­ DEAR MR. SPEAKER: This is to notify you mittee office at H-312, the Capitol, by mitments. pursuant to Rule L (50) of the Rules of the 12 p.m., Tuesday, February 25, 1992. -INTRODUCTION House that I have been served with a sub­ Copies of the text of the bill are On June 15, 1990, Assistant Secretary poena issued by the Ware County Superior available at the Judiciary Committee of State John Kelly explained in con­ Court in the State of Georgia. at 2138 Rayburn and at the Office of gressional testimony the latest goals of After consultation with the General Coun­ Legislative Counsel. In considering the the administration policy toward Iraq. sel to the Clerk, I will make the determina­ tions required by the Rule. submitted amendments, the Commit­ There were: First, maintaining the sup­ Sincerely, tee on Rules will understand if the ply of oil from Iraq: second, maintain­ LINDSAY THOMAS, amendments are not drafted in proper ing stability in the entire Gulf and its Member of Cnnaress. form due to the lack of availability of oil supply; third, ensuring Iraq's mod- February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3171 eration in the Middle East peace proc­ met this criteria. It took interventions This decision was based upon the Ex­ ess; fourth, preventing the prolifera­ and constant pressure, often from high port-Import Bank Act requirement tion of missiles and nuclear, chemical, level State Department policymakers that there be a "reasonable assurance biological, weapons, and fifth, promot­ and even President Bush, to permit of repayment." ing the improvement of Iraq's human Iraq to utilize Eximbank programs. Over the next 7 years the State De­ rights record. Both the administration and Iraq saw partment and the White House would the Eximbank program as vital to their D 1220 pressure the Eximbank repeatedly to interests. For the United States, it pro­ gain access to guaranteed financing for The most important event early in moted United States technology sales, Iraqi projects. United States-Iraq relations was the and supposedly added stability to the The most prominent of these projects Reagan administration's removal of region by permitting the administra­ was an Iraqi oil pipeline with an outlet Iraq from the list of nations supporting tion to use the program to modify the at the Red Sea Port of Aqaba, Jordan. terrorism in 1982. By removing Iraq actions of Iraq. This contract alone was worth $1 bil­ from this list, the administration For Iraq, an Eximbank program lion for its contractor, Bechtel, the granted Saddam Hussein instant access would allow access to United States California engineering conglomerate. to United States agriculture assistance high technology goods, but most im­ Secretary of State George Shultz and and opened the door for Iraqi participa­ portantly, it would send a signal to Bechtel had a longstanding business re­ tion in Eximbank programs as well as other nations that the strongest coun­ lationship. As a matter of fact, Sec­ making sophisticated United States try in the world, the United States, retary Shultz came from Bechtel, and technology available to the Iraqi mili­ considered Iraq creditworthy. That he came back from Bechtel. He worked tary. would have the effect of opening up at Bechtel prior to becoming Secretary Starting in 1983 Iraq exploited its new sources of credit which in turn of State and, as I say and repeat, he newfound status by using CCC backed could be used by Iraq to sustain itself during the tough economic times went back immediately upon leaving credit to purchase $365 million in Unit­ the State Department. ed States supposedly agriculture prod­ brought on by its war with Iran. Under the Eximbank program, Amer­ Other high officials in the Reagan ad­ ucts. By 1990 the amount of United ministration involved in this project States Government guaranteed sales of ican exporters were insured against the risk of nonpayment by Iraqi purchasers including President Bush, the current supposedly agriculture products to Iraq under a short-term facility-that Deputy Secretary of State, Lawrence had grown to over $1 billion annually. means that the guarantee was usually Eagleburger, former Attorney General This policy not only fed the people of good for only 1 year. From the incep­ Ed Meese, former NSC Director Robert Iraq, which is fine and well, but it fed tion of the program in 1984 until March McFarlane, and former CIA Director the armies that Mr. Saddam Hussein 1986 when Iraq was suspended from the William Casey. At various times, every had been raising and had enabled him program, Iraq used the program to buy one of them contacted the Eximbank to wage war and prepare for additional United States agricultural products, to obtain financing for the Aqaba pipe­ war, and it helped to keep him in pesticides, small motors for air-condi­ line project. These officials all had one power. tioners, medical supplies, oil equip­ thing in common-they saw Eximbank It also assisted U.S. agricultural pro­ ment, and heavy machinery. The Iraqi financing as crucial to United States­ ducers who were down on their luck military also utilized the Eximbank Iraq relations. due to the farm crisis experienced dur­ program by purchasing 250 armored To illustrate that point consider the ing the first half of the 1980's. The U.S. ambulances and portable communica­ following: was not alone in pursuing this policy. tions equipment. A December 21, 1983, telex from the A lot of the credits that were fun­ While most of the transactions were U.S. interest section in Baghdad to the neled in the name of the agency in At­ relatively small, the largest trans­ Secretary of State says: lanta, B&L, actually went through, action approved by Eximbank was the We should give serious thought to offering roughly speaking, a syndication proc­ Aqaba oil pipeline project. Eximbank Eximbank credits. * * * New U.S. credits in ess, the Morgan Bank in Pennsylvania, guaranteed $484 million of the $1 billion combination with our CCC credits would which in turn went through multiple project led by the giant firm Bechtel. demonstrate U.S. confidence in the Iraqi other banks in Germany, France, an.d For unknown reasons this project was economy. other countries. But the total exposure never consummated, but later in this In a December 22, 1983, memo to Mr. by the time of the invasion in Kuwait presentation I will reveal that this was Lawrence Eagleburger, the State De­ in August of 1990 of Iraq to 10 major the first time then Vice President Bush partment's Richard W. Murphy says: Western creditors was over $12 billion. intervened at the Eximbank to win ap­ The U.S./Iraq political relationship could While Iraq's removal from the terror­ proval for an Iraqi project. be advanced by Exim financing which has ist list instantly opened the door for In March 1986, Eximbank suspended previously not been possible for political rea­ Iraq from its programs because of con­ sons. * * * Viewed in combination with CCC the sale of Government guaranteed ag­ credits already granted Iraq, an Exim ges­ ricultural exports to Iraq, the ability tinual payment problems. This suspen­ sion was effective until the Exim Board ture would go far to show our support for to utilize Eximbank programs was Iraq in a practical, neutral context. * * * more difficult. of Directors reopened for business with Iraq in July 1987. From July 1987 to Au­ In a letter to William M. Draper III, The Eximbank relationship with then Chairman of Eximbank, Lawrence Iraq, which began in 1984, has a long gust 2, 1990, the Kuwaiti invasion, Eximbank provided financial assist­ Eagleburger states: and checkered history. Eximbank I would like to bring to your attention the opened up for business not long after ance for 187 United States export trans­ actions totaling $267 million. important role Exim can play in furthering President Reagan removed Iraq from The chronology of the Eximbank de­ long range political and economic interests the list of nations supporting terror­ cisions to finance the Aqaba pipeline of the United States by being receptive to fi­ ism. There was no relationship prior to are extremely interesting and at the nancing American sales to and projects in that time because the Eximbank char­ Iraq. From the political standpoint, Exim fi­ same time, in retrospect, quite trou­ nancing would show U.S. interest in the ter prohibited the Bank for dealing bling. with terrorist nations. Iraqi economy in a practical, neutral con­ On March 16, 1983, the Secretary of text. This evidence of our interest in increas­ The Export-Import Bank Act states the Department of State, George ing commercial relations also will bring po­ that all transactions supported by the Shultz, received a memo explaining the litical benefits. Bank shall and I quote from the char­ Eximbank position regarding Iraq. The D 1230 ter, "* * * in the judgment of the same memo read, and I quote: Board of Directors, offer reasonable as­ Eximbank is discouraging the new inquir­ Mr. Speaker, at this time I would surances of repayment. * * *" But dur­ ies from U.S. exporters regarding Iraq be­ like to say that some documents that I ing the 1980's Iraq rarely, if evpr_ t.rnlv cause of the war's effect on Iraq's economy. have accumulated in support of what I 3172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 am saying, instead of interspersing Previously I had reported that this later because of some independent dis­ them I will offer them at the end of B&L was instrumental in this financ­ covery they made somewhere, some­ this special order today for the ing, because as I said a little bit ear­ how, but which actually is repetitious RECORD. lier, these banks anymore than in the to what we have been placing in the These documents reveal that in 1983 case of Iran and the hostages, at the RECORD for my colleagues to have for then Under Secretary of State for Po­ bottom of all that is banking. Every­ more than 1112 years. litical Affairs, Lawrence Eagleburger thing that happens around the world Another fact I have previously re­ wrote to Export-Import Bank Chair­ and ever has happened, at the bottom vealed was that B&L was a client of man Draper urging the Export-Import of it is financing or banking. Just as in Kissinger Associates during the time Bank to open its program to Iraq, as I the cause of the Shah where one of our when Mr. Eagleburger and Mr. Scow­ have just stated. big banks in the United States had a croft, who is now the National Security In 1989, Mr. Eagleburger wrote the $10 billion exposure, and that is what Adviser, were directors of Kissinger As­ Treasury Department to express his the hostage taking was all about. What sociates. support for the $1 billion CCC Program people do not recognize is when the The beauty of this game is that these for Iraq. Remember, that $1 billion is hostages were released, the same day fellows can wear all kinds of hats and guaranteed by the taxpayers. They are that President Reagan took his oath of then they can come and wield all kinds going to have to shell that out. office on January 20, 1979, an official at of power. Then they can go back and Previously, I had reported that Mr. the Federal Reserve Bank in New York pick up that other hat that they had Eagleburger was the Director of the pressed a button and released about $3 temporarily not used. Yugoslavian LBS Bank just prior to his billion in London to Iran and then they Now, they are not elected. People confirmation as Deputy Secretary of released the hostages. So all of that is have no control over them, only State. I have already brought this out at this point in the background. It is through the President. on two occasions. I offered the docu­ not directly connected, other than the What would happen if we were to mentation. fact that it is the pattern that has ex­ have anything like that happen on a Mr. Eagleburger was instrumental in isted and against which activity that congressional level? Man, you would be getting LBS established in the United would be contrary to our national pol­ hearing the biggest ruckus ever. States. I wonder where that bank is icy is possible to happen without any What has not been revealed to date is now, the Yugoslavian. regulatory oversight on our part. Nei­ the following: Mr. Eagleburger who was I also reported that B&L was instru­ ther the Federal Reserve Board nor an active participant in United States mental in getting LBS established in these agency banks which are char­ policy toward Iran was involved in han­ the United States in that B&L was the tered by the States, the Atlanta Agen­ dling of the B&L scandal at the State largest source of funds for LBS, the cy of the Banca Nationale is a Georgia Department in 1989 to 1990. The com­ Yugoslavian Bank, and this comes State-chartered institution. mittee has also learned that B&L pro­ back to what I said awhile ago. Now, how in the world, as they found vided millions in credit to a firm called Something I will say now parentheti­ out in the stinkeroo that resulted from the Impex Overseas Corp. in New York. cally by way of explanation. When we these deals, can that State be equipped Impex, also a Yugoslavian firm, was in­ talk about these foreign entities, bank­ to adequately monitor and oversee that strumental in getting the Yugo auto­ ing entities doing business in the Unit­ entity? If the Federal Reserve Board mobile into the United States. Mr. ed States, there seems to be no percep­ cannot do it in the case of the parent Eagleburger was also a key figure in tion even among our monetary leaders bank in New York, how in the world the introduction of the Yugo into the that we are not dealing like we do with can a State regulatory commissiQn do United States. He is also a board mem­ an American banking system, a private it? ber of the Yugo Bank. So now he system. Almost every one of these So this is why we amended the law. I makes policy. He is the Deputy Sec­ banks are government owned. The had been advocating changes in the retary of State. He is not a lowly as­ B&L, for instance, is literally owned by international banking law, which inci­ sistant somewhere down the line. the Italian Government. Therefore, the dentally we first passed in 1978 as a re­ As National Security Director, Mr. Yugoslavian Bank from which Mr. sult of the hearings that I caused to Scowcroft is instrumental in carrying Eagleburger was on its Board and in­ bring about in San Antonio, TX. There out United States policy toward Iraq, tervening in the United States in be­ was not any law then. In 1978 we got a of course. half to help to get set up, dovetailing little law, but never adequate. We had I had reported earlier that Henry Kis­ with the fact that its financial nexus some amendments that strengthened singer was on the International Advi­ or background would be the B&L, a for­ it. My contention is that they are inad­ sory Board of B&L in Rome. eign-based entity owned by another equate, yes, and this is why we are A new revelation regarding Mr. government. going into it, because we have a legis­ Scowcroft is that while working under These are facts that are not factored lative purpose. We are not bringing out Mr. Kissinger and Kissinger Associates, in. The reason we are going into this, details in order that we can inten­ Mr. Scowcroft twice briefed the B&L and have for over l112 years, is that it tionally or with any kind of planned International Advisory Board for a fee. has everything to do with the fact that approach try to reveal somebody's em­ This Board meets in Rome. in our country we are the only country barrassment. We are here to show the of any consequence of any industrial sorry role and the breakdown that our D 1240 size that does not have any kind of reg­ regulatory system has been undergoing Mr. Kissinger also derived a fee. ulatory protection that will protect for decades in our country. Every time he sat and met, he would the public interest. After the war, after 1945, this whole get no less than $10,000. So, it was not We know we have over $800 billion of thing changed. We were no longer the a pro bono thing. He was an adviser of this kind of money in this country. still pretty much provincial country the Italian Government-owned bank, What we do not know is who knows we were. not a private bank like we are accus­ where it is going and how it is handled And at this point there is such a tre­ tomed to seeing in the United States. and how it is leveraged. Only a small mendous exposure to the national in­ BNL loaned over $4 billion in loans to chunk of that is highly leveragable terest that it behooves us to keep talk­ Iraq, $2 billion to the secret Iraqi mili­ from drug money laundering to such ing about it. It is not making any news tary procurement network. Also, BNL things as the procurement of sophisti­ stories. The newspapers have not was by far the largest bank participant cated weaponry and technology for picked up on this at any time, and we in United States credit programs for other countries that today may be off are not doing it for that reason. We are Iraq, financing over a billion dollars in that list, but tomorrow, who knows, as not issuing releases. We have had news­ the United States export guarantees to in the case of Iraq. papers that have picked up months Iraq. February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3173 In fact, it was because of the BNL mittee on Banking, Finance and Urban repeating the error, believe it or not, scandal that the United States with­ Affairs, taking the time that he has this time in the case of Iran. There is held $5 million in CCC credit for Iraq in today to attempt to inform the Amer­ good reason and some evidence to show 1990. ican public about what I see as a very that here lately we have been sort of The BNL scandal also brought about serious problem. helping Iran to obtain quite a heavy the cutting off of the prime source of Mr. Speaker, I would observe that procurement of armament and weap­ funding to the Iraqi procurement net­ the newspapers across this country just onry. work. this weekend carried headlines raising What is the purpose? What does Iran Now, how did I come across this? questions about what President Bush want it for? That is a good question. That is very interesting, and his administration were doing in But at this time what I have seen, About 2 years ago, a little better the days and months preceding the that which I have seen in the news­ than 2 years ago, I believe it was, in Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. papers, has been pretty much tracking the Wall Street Journal, I picked up a The Kansas City Star. the paper that what we have been bringing out, par­ little, small item saying that $2 billion I read coming back from my district ticularly within the last year. worth of letters of credit had been is­ this weekend, carried a front-page We placed in the record, showing sued through an Atlanta bank to Iraq. story outlining a very, very troubling clearly that the Export-Import Bank Well, one thing that caught my at­ record of what I would have to call ap­ had been pressured. The CIA did do its tention was $2 billion? A bank in At­ peasement. job, but it was neutralized by higher lanta? What was this all about? I would just observe that I think it is orders. So, it took a long time before I could important for the appropriate commit­ Mr. Speaker, I yield further to the find out what it was and that it was a tees of this Congress and for the appro­ gentleman. Mr. SLATTERY. I just think the gen­ branch and what not. In the meanwhile priate press groups around the country tleman should be commended for bring­ other things happened unknown to me to really ask some very important, fun­ ing this whole matter to the attention that were focusing on the fact that a damental questions: Who was really ad­ of the American public and our col­ scandal was brewing, that there had vancing this policy of appeasement leagues here on the floor of the House. been a lot of cheating, lying, conniv­ with Iraq prior to the war? Who were As far as I am concerned, there are ing, and cooking of the books at this these people? Was it President Bush? some very fundamental questions that agency. Was it then-Vice President Bush in have been raised by the gentleman and And the question was: Did the bank years past? Was .it other aides in the also raised by press accounts all across headquarters in New York or in Rome White House? Or was it all of the the country. know? To this day they have an inves­ above? tigating committee of the senate, that These stories raise questions about 0 1250 is the Italian senate in Rome, Chair­ other agencies of the Government re­ These questions need to be answered, man Carta. sisting attempts, apparently coming and I think that the President of the It is funny how things work out in from the White House, to extend bil­ United States needs to explain to the life. I did not have the slightest notion lions of dollars in credit to Iraq. As far people of this country what he was that there were questions beginning to as I am concerned, this is a record that doing prior to the Iraqi invasion of Ku­ be raised about some of the mysterious is very troubling. wait, why he was so committed to this goings-on as far as the bookkeeping You know, I would observe to the policy of trying to appease Saddam was concerned with that agency. gentleman from Texas that the Presi­ Hussein, and that is about the only But in the meanwhile the Italian dent and the team around him like to word that I can think of to accurately Government has also been very con­ view themselves as experts in the area describe this policy, and, if the gen­ cerned and started, about that time, of foreign policy. Well, when one reads tleman recalls, even a few days prior to because the Italian taxpayers were also the press accounts of their record prior the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait we had a exposed to about 2 billion dollars' to the Kuwaiti invasion, it raises ques­ vote here on the floor of the House to worth on these letters of credit. tions about just exactly how much did extend the export enhancement pro­ So, when we finally did go into it, it they know. Where was the CIA? Why gram to Iraq, and the administration's was an election year, 2 years ago, and could not the CIA tell them what was position just a few days prior to the in­ we had the first hearing. Unfortu­ going on with Saddam Hussein? vasion was we did not dare offend Sad­ nately, and understandably, it was Just last night, the television pro­ dam Hussein, for goodness sakes, and right on the eve of the election and we gram "60 Minutes" ran a very, very re­ this was a man who was committing could not get much interest, but we vealing and troubling review of Sad­ atrocities against the Kurds and his had the first hearing. dam Hussein's treatment of the Kurds. own people, and apparently the CIA It was very important because we It just seems to me that the intel­ had knowledge of this. found out that the Justice Department, ligence community should have been I just think there are some very basic the Attorney General, Mr. Thornburgh able to provide our President with this and important questions here that de­ was very, very incensed that we would kind of information. mands answers, so I commend the gen­ dare have hearings on this matter. I Mr. GONZALEZ. The CIA, let me say, tleman from Texas [Mr. GONZALEZ] for could not believe it until he sent me a our records show-and the gentleman bringing this issue to the floor of the letter. First, he wanted to meet with is a member of the Committee on House, and I just hope that the appro­ me privately. I said, "No, I don't do Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs­ priate committees seize this issue, that." I never did. I am not the com­ and he will recall that in fact, I think, bring before them the officials in this mittee. I am just the chairman of the he joined us and we voted, all of us, for Government that had knowledge of committee. almost 100 subpoenas for documents. these policies. I would like to know So, if we have any kind of business We have not been able to get all of who was promoting these policies that like that, it is going to be discussed as them. The Federal Reserve Board it­ were dead wrong, and I would like to a matter of policy with the member­ self, for instance, kind of stonewalled know who was opposing these policies ship of the committee. us, and the State Department. in the administration at the time. I Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman But we had subpoenaed the docu­ think the American public has a right from Kansas. ments that actually there was no rea­ to know that basic information. Mr. SLATTERY. I thank the gen­ son why they would not be public and I commend the gentleman from tleman for yielding, and I want to rise certainly they should be available to Texas [Mr. GoNZALEZ] for his interest today to say that I really deeply appre­ the Committee on Banking of the U.S. in this. ciate the gentleman from Texas [Mr. House of Representatives. But the fact Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I deep­ GoNZALEZ], the chairman of the Com- remains that we are in the process of ly appreciate the gentleman from Kan- 3174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 sas [Mr. SLA'ITERY] who is a very dis­ Iraqi network, and then showing where ters at this point in the privity of your tinguished member of the Committee some of the money, based on the exten­ confidence with other distinguished on Banking, Finance and Urban Af­ sion of the letters of credit, had been Americans. But we think that at this fairs. He has not been on it too long, diverted for the procurement of such point, no matter what decision would but, by golly, he came on board as if he things as that somewhat publicized be made, it would be colored by the was a long-time veteran of the Com­ giant gun, the inventor of which was very fact that we gained profit just a mittee on Banking, Finance and Urban assassinated in Belgium in the midst of few years ago from our dealings and Affairs, and I deeply appreciate this. its almost, if not actually, delivery to stimulating dealings with this country Let me say in all fairness that the Iraq. Well, the funding came through now that suddenly is an enemy coun­ subcommittee that our distinguished these devious mechanisms, or network try." colleague, the gentleman from North we call it, that actually originated in But that does not happen nowadays. Carolina [Mr. ROSE] , heads has and had America. It used to be we would have men in our been looking into the agricultural, the Well, one thing that those offices that, even if they disagreed with credit commity, aspect of the exten­ mutterings and those suspicions did do the President, not any conflict of inter­ sion of the letters of credit, and I think was to cut off the prime source of fund­ est, but just said, "I just can't go along they did not have an easy time getting ing, but that funding was going on, as with this policy," and they would quit; information and documentation either. the gentlemen from Kansas [Mr. SLAT­ they would resign. They still do it in And as far as the CIA is concerned, as TERY] brought out, right up to the eve Europe and in Britain. Ministers still my colleagues know, we voted subpoe­ of the invasion of Kuwait on August 2, quit because they do not agree with the nas directed to the CIA to see if they and earlier I read the memorandum prime ministers or whoever. would provide us with some documents. from this official Kelly in which even So, anyway, that is just a little aside They have been cooperative to a cer­ as late as June he was urging the pro­ that makes me wonder. I do know that tain extent, but we have not bothered. curement for Iraq. There is no doubt we have the ample evidence here that, We did coordinate with the Intelligence that Mr. Eagleburger and Mr. Scow­ regardless of the importance of the Ex­ Committee, but I do know that our croft continued to work on the United port-Import Bank, that all these offi­ records show that in some of the meet­ States policy toward Iraq despite their cials, including then-Vice President ings in which they had interagencies, past ties to BNL. Bush, were urging that the Bank go including the CIA, discussing the Ex­ This seems to me that, if we reached into, the evidence clearly showed at port-Import Bank guarantees, the CIA a point in our country where we have the time, and all the leading financial was present. They did indicate their to have conflict of interest spelled out, individuals in Exim, were to the effect chief financial officer, as I said a while and this is what I have said about all that Iraq was not creditworthy. ago, was saying it is not creditworthy, the code of ethics and what not: I do and what I am doing, and I will say this not care what laws we write. The Con­ 0 1300 a little bit later, I am asking the GAO stitution says we have to be 25 years of To illustrate that point consider the to look into that and find if this evi­ age at least in order to offer our can­ following: dence does not show that the Export­ didacy for the U.S. House of Represent­ A February 21, 1984, Eximbank coun­ Import Bank violated its charter be­ atives. If we have to wait after we are try risk analysis states: cause their charter mandates that they 25 to come up here and learn what is In the staff's opinion, due to both unsatis­ not provide credit unless there is a ethical and what is not, it is too late. factory country economic conditions and the very, very positive assurance that the I do not know of any code that is not possibility of physical damage to new ability to repay is there, and they going to be evaded by those that want projects due to the ongoing war, there would knew it was not. to. But it seems to me in this case not be reasonable assurance of repayment for where we have high policymakers, the any medium-term and long-term trans­ Mr. SLATTERY. Well, again I thank actions. * * * the chairman of the Committee on case where we have men on August 3 Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs, sending an expeditionary force at the A November 28, 1984, telex from the gentleman from Texas [Mr. GON­ time of a quarter of a million Ameri­ Baghdad to the Secretary of State said: ZALEZ], for his interest, and I look for­ cans, and without the Congress even From a look at estimates of Iraqi eco­ ward to working with him as we try to raising a whimper-now I am on nomic statistics one would have to conclude that the Iraqi economy has suffered a serious find some answers to some very impor­ record-I wrote our leaders. I even decline. tant questions that the American pub­ urged that they call the Congress into lic has a fundamental right to, espe­ session to consider that matter in Au­ On April 15, 1984, Eximbank denied a cially during this election year when gust 1990. But of course, as my col­ request to support exports totaling $159 this President is going to be asking the leagues know, why look upon myself as million to Iraq. Eximbank reasoned American public to send him back to being a big, earthshaking official, but I that the transaction did not meet the the White House based in large part on do think that there are basic principles legislative requirement of reasonable his performance in the area of foreign involved in this case, the Constitution, assurance of repayment. affairs. where the Congress has a cons ti tu­ But the Eximbank decision to limit I would just observe, when we learn tional duty incumbent upon it. its exposure to Iraq for practical and more about how we got into this mess I have always said, and I say it now, legal reasons was not welcomed at the in Iraq, there may be a lot of people in and I will always say it despite what­ State Department. this country that conclude, as I have ever is done: In the case of conflict of A March 8, 1984 telex from Baghdad concluded, that some of these people do interest, my goodness, if we have the to the Secretary of State says: not know as much about foreign affairs highest policymakers suddenly decid­ Exim's apparent decision against financing as they would like for the American ing to tell the President that he has major projects in Iraq has t.he potential to got to go to war over a country that critically affect vital United States inter­ people to think, and again I thank the ests. gentleman. just before they took that office they Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I say were working for an outfit promoting A March 25, 1984, telex from Sec­ to the gentleman, "We 're going to need the very, very ability and help that retary of State to Baghdad states: your help, Mr. SLATTERY, and I really this country had to have in order to do Exim is not approving medium and long appreciate your very kind words." what they were declaring war about, it term credits to Iraq because of doubts re­ What happened, as a result of the seems to me the least they could do garding repayments prospects. We have questions that began to arise soon urged Exim to reconsider this policy in gen­ would be to say, " Mr. President, de­ eral. * * * We are seeking directly and after there were some very serious spite our willingness and our ability, through the NSC to ensure that [one] deci­ problems arising because of an Ohio we want to advise you that we think sion does not prejudice future consideration plant that was being used as part. of the vou ought to get advice for other quar- of credits for the pipeline. February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3175 Given the Eximbank's reticent posi­ their minds. The people I know and I For 18 months prior to the Board ap­ tion regarding Iraq, the State Depart­ met, from one end of the country to proving the new $200-million credit pro­ ment raised the stakes by getting then the other, want the truth. If they know gram, Iraq was suspended from Vice President Bush involved in the the truth they can judge the Eximbank programs for constant ar­ project. unpalatability and the unpopularity of rearage. At one time during this period The Vice President's staff asked the the political issue. But they are going Iraqi arrearage reached over 60 percent State Department to prepare a back­ to be above all grateful for being in­ of its outstanding commitments with ground paper for a phone call to formed and know the truth, so that the Eximbank. Eximbank Board Chairman William they can determine their basic duties Several times during 1986 and 1987, Draper concerning Exim financing of as freeborn American citizens, still the country risk analysis section of the the pipeline. with some vestige of our processes in­ Eximbank made the determination The memo states: volved, but which, I fear, unless we that Iraq did not offer a reasonable as­ Given the importance of these projects to work at it, are not self-perpetuating surance of repayment. The strongest our overall policies in the region, Deputy and will not be ensured for our poster­ analysis came in a May 5, 1987, memo Secretary Dam is calling (Eximbank Chair­ ity. to the Board. I would like to place that man) Mr. Draper to reiterate our foreign pol­ But if informed, and only on the icy interests. * * * We understand that Na­ memo in the RECORD along with the tional Security Advisor McFarlane may also basis of information, can that citizen other documents. call Draper. A call by the Vice President participating in his fundamental duty The memo, sent to the Board on May would be particularly useful in confirming exercise judgment and function, as the 5, 1987, states: the Administration support for these Constitution says we should, properly Eximbank should remain off-cover for all projects. * * * and knowledgeably. programs concerning Iraq. One of the talking points prepared This was not the last time the State There could be no mistaking the for the Vice President's call states: Department would recruit Vice Presi­ facts-Iraq was not creditworthy and Eximbank could play a crucial role in our dent Bush to assist Iraq with the that fact did not change between May efforts in the region. Early and favorable ac­ Eximbank. 5 and May 15. tion on applications would be clear and very CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1987 DECISION TO RE-OPEN Another example, is an April 17, 1987 welcome evidence of U.S. commitment to FOR BUSINESS IN IRAQ these objectives. analysis of Iraq's creditworthiness. At this time I would like to place in This analysis asserts that "* * * there Clearly, the highest levels of the ad­ the RECORD a February 26, 1987, memo would not be sufficient, Iraqi, earnings ministration placed tremendous impor­ that contains talking points and back­ to meet all principal repayments until tance on the Aqaba pipeline project. On ground for Vice President George 1990" and that, "Iraq's creditors will June 19, 1984, the Eximbank's Board Bush's phone call to Eximbank Chair­ reschedule debt payments for the fore­ met and not surprisingly approved a man John Bohn. The memo was pre­ seeable future." preliminary commitment of $484 mil­ pared by the State Department and it lion for the Aqaba pipeline for Bechtel. was related to the State Department's 01310 As a side note, the report read: desire to give Iraqi Ambassador Nizar That reminds me of what happened Under normal peaceful circumstances, this Hamdoon the news that the United after World War I. As a matter of fact, project would not be economically viable. States would make hundreds of mil­ I brought this out years ago in special Can you imagine that? Under normal lions of dollars of credit available via orders. I would bring this up. Nobody circumstances this project would not the Eximbank. would listen, but they are on the be viable. Oh, but it involves Bechtel. In short, the memo reveals that the record. How right after the war and by But Bechtel, as President Eisenhower State Department suggested that the the time we got to the famous Hoover said, is a mighty component of this Vice President call Eximbank's Chair­ moratorium on the payment of repara­ great industrial defense complex, man in order to urge him and his col­ tions from Germany to the Allies and which in effect has been determining leagues on the Eximbank Board to give the Allies' moratorium on the payment policy for our country, and particu­ favorable consideration to Iraq's re­ of their debts to us, which were never larly in the last two administrations. quest for an additional $200 million in collected, but these countries like Ger­ So wherein is the public protected? If short-term credit. The memo was also many and Japan, the Imperial Govern­ the Congress abjectly sits by and says, intended to point out the advantages ment of Japan. "Well, we can't bother too much with for United States policy of a quick In 1921, it floated, I forget how many it; after all, this is private enterprise." Exim decision to resume short-term in­ millions, about 20 million, which at Let me remind my colleagues, Hitler surance coverage to Iraq. that time was a lot of money in that had private enterprise until the day he On May 15, 1987, in a surprise move, kind of dollar at that time. Twenty died in that bunker in Germany. He did and against the advice of the million in 1921 would be like several not have free enterprise, but he had Eximbank professional staff, the billion today or more. private enterprise. Eximbank Board of Directors reversed What they did, they floated Japanese So let us talk clear from here on out, its policy and approved a new Imperial Government bonds in the Wall my colleagues. Because what is at $200,000,000 short-term credit program Street stock market. Germany did the stake at this time, and this is just a for Iraq. same thing. They borrowed. small little, little, little bit of the This is credit that has not been made Now, the banks at that time in our overall complex.ity of the crisis that good and for which under our laws and country could borrow from the Federal our country is perilously hanging on responsibilities the taxpayer must end Reserve at about 5 percent. So where the precipice. At stake is everything. up paying for. did they put all that money they were At stake is our economic and financial Could it be that a call from the Vice getting from the Fed? They were not freedom. Not just the leadership, but President could sway the Eximbank loaning it out any more than they are the freedom of our country and our Board into reversing its policy on Iraq? today. They were putting it in the children and grandchildren, as well as Given the very severe doubts about stock market where they would get what is involved inextricably, the Iraq's financial condition it is hard to yields of 12 percent. Pretty good. There vaunted American standard of living. draw any other conclusion. In order to was a 7 percent spread. This is what is at stake. We are much better understand the Board's decision, But what happened was that then as closer to the brink and the precipice I will provide ample evidence that now, it was a highly speculative and than wants to be acknowledged. If peo­ Iraq's precarious financial condition controlled manipulation. ple in power are afraid to tell the truth indicated that it did not offer a reason­ So the Japanese Imperial bonds, like to the people because it is not that able assurance of repayment as called these repayment schedules, they were they feel acceptable, let me disabuse for in the Eximbank charter. to mature in 20 years in 1941. Well, that !J[J-050 0 -96 Vol. 138 (Pt. 3) 10 3176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 is when they bombed Pearl Harbor. So leaning in the direction of granting the $200 GAO REPORT we have learned nothing. We are like million for Iraq. At this time I would like to say that the old Bourbon Kings. Even though we The State Department had won the I will write to Comptroller General are a democracy, we are no different. war to get Eximbank coverage for Iraq: Charles Bowsher requesting that GAO We learned nothing and we forget noth­ On May 17, 1987 Ambassador Newton investigate whether or not the ing. stated that Eximbank's decision: Eximbank Board's decision to reopen Right now, as I said earlier to the Contained the best economic news we have for business in Iraq was in violation of gentleman from Kansas [Mr. SLAT­ received in a long time. Despite . the its charter. There appears to be ample TERY], we are in the process of repeat­ limitations * * * Exim's decision will help evidence to indicate that despite re­ ing the mistake not with Iraq again us politically and help American business de­ velop its foothold in the Iraqi market. peated warnings that extensions of this time but with Iran. We will bring credit to Iraq did not offer reasonable out some documentation. The State Department's actions in assurance of repayment, the Eximbank Fortunately, I do not think it in­ 1987 were not an isolated incident. The Board approved the Iraqi program any­ volves any of our entities that have ju­ days between the 1987 Board decision way. risdictional potential for us on the and the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait pro­ During the 1980's Iraq rarely, if ever, Committee on Banking, Finance and duced much of the same for the truly met the reasonable assurance of Urban Affairs. Eximbank-Iraq relationship. While repayment criteria. In retrospect, it That some amtlysis goes on to say: Iraq's financial position did not change took constant pressure from the State Eight of the 12 major (countries) were "off­ materially during this period, the Department and interventions from cover" for medium- and long-term business State Department continued to pres­ high level Reagan and Bush policy in Iraq and six were "off-cover" for short­ sure the Eximbank to extend its pro­ makers to get Eximbank to permit Iraq term business. Most member countries re­ gram with Iraq. This strong support for to utilize its ~rograms to achieve pol­ ported delinquencies. Iraq occurred despite Iraq's use of poi­ icy objectives that were shifting, mud­ In fact, by January 1, 1987, just son gas to exterminate thousan.ds of Kurdish people and extensive evidence dled, and ultimately that worked months before the Board's decision, against our own national interest. Iraq had defaulted on a total of $240 that Saddam Hussein had stepped up Mr. Speaker, I include for the million in loans to various major West­ efforts to build weapons of· mass de­ RECORD the materials to which I ern governments. Delinquent loans in­ struction. Working to change the Eximbank referred. creased from $70 million at yearend U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 1985 to $730 million at yearend 1986. policy on Iraq in 1987 was not the last Washington, DC, December 22, 1983. Not surprisingly, in the months fol­ time. the State Department worked To: P-Mr. Eagleburger. lowing the Board's approval, Iraq again with Mr. Bush to permit Iraq to con­ From: NEA-Richard W. Murphy for became delinquent on its previous ex­ tinue utilizing Eximbank programs. Subject: Exim Bank Financing for Iraq. posure to Eximbank. On top of that, in THE EXIMBANK WAIVER ISSUE a July 2, 1987 memo to the Exim Board, On January 17, 1990, President Bush Whether to sign a letter to Exim President it was revealed that the Treasury De­ issued a determination waiving the leg­ Draper recommending· that Exim approve fi­ partment had concerns over Iraqi cred­ islative prohibition on Eximbank fi­ nancing for Iraq. itworthiness. nancing for Iraq. Just 2 months earlier, ESSENTIAL FACTORS Now comes .the Treasury. Remember, Congress had passed sanctions legisla­ Exim currently opposes loans to Iraq be­ we heard the State Department inter- · tion specifically singling out Iraq for cause it considers that loans to Iraq lack a vening, the Vice President. Now we its atrocious human rights record. reasonable expectation of repayment. Exim have the Treasury. The State Department was working points to Iraq's recent rescheuuling of com­ on the Iraqi waiver even before the mercial contract payments, large transfers The State Department recruited oth­ from Gulf governments, decreased oil pro­ ers besides Vice President Bush to help Congress passed the legislation on No­ vembei:. 21, 1989. At the time the atro­ duction and the drop in Iraqi reserves to sup­ it sway the Eximbank Board. A com­ port its view. In addition, Exim is concerned munication from Ambassador Newton cious Iraqi human rights record was about the threat of war damage. to the Secretary of State says: well known, but what was kept for Exim has virtually no exposure in Iraq be­ most of the Congress was the degree to We know you are doing all you can on this cause, until' recently, Exim was precluded and assume appropriate economic offices which Iraq·was building up its military from doing business with Iraq in light of that have been mobilized to help get Exim to re- arsenal even though its war· with Iran country's involvement with terrorists. .. sume cover. had long ago ended. Recent analysis of Iraq's economic situa­ At the time of the sanctions debate tion indicates that the crisis situation which As another example consider an April prevailed during the early part of 1983 has 28, 1987 cable from the Secretary of the State Department had extensive knowledge .of Iraq's efforts to develop been alleviated somewhat ·through imposi­ State Shultz to the United States Am­ tion of an austerity program which included additional chemical, biologieal, and cutbacks in development projects and major bassador i:h Iraq, in which the Sec­ nuclear weapons along with the mis­ retary states: cuts in imports. As a consequence, Iraq's es­ siles to deliver those weapons. In addi­ timated net foreign assets for 1983 are $11 bil­ It . may be that arguments from State, tion, the State Department was aware Commerce, and Agriculture and . elsewhere lion although the current account balance is-$9 billion for the year. In addition, Iraq have made themselves felt. that Iraq had a secret military pro­ curement network operating in Europe has been successful in obtaining supplier Remember, this is our Secretary of and even in the United' States. Had the credits and deferred payments for ongoing State, but he also could be the Sec­ Congress been fully informed aboµt projects. Current payments on these cl'ebts retary for Bechtel. these issues, the waiver authority are being met. If present policies and exter­ The strategy of getting Vice Presi­ nal financing are sustained, the current ac­ probably would not have been made count should be roughly in balance, but fur­ dent Bush involved in the Eximbank available to the President. issue paid off handsomely. Reflecting ther rescheduling is a possibility. At this time I would like to place in Iraq's financial condition will remain de­ upon the Eximbank Board meeting the RECORD a memorandum prepared pendent on petroleum export earnings and where the Iraq credits were discussed by the State Department that illus­ aid from the Gulf states. Iraq is determined in detail, agency documents remark: trates their thinking about Iraq sanc­ to achieve alternative outlets for its petro­ The Exim staff presented an economic tion,s. The memo ·continues t o express leum exports in addition to the pipeline forecast in keeping with their recommenda­ the sentiment that the State Depart-. through Turkey (capacity 750 ,000 bid) . Iraq tion against ex.tending new credit to Iraq. ment could use the $200 million expects to increase its oil export capacity However, Eximbank Board members asked a through Turkey to just over 1 million bid in number of questions which seemed to imply Eximbank program as an incentive for the spring of 1984 with a possible additional an interest in doing business in moderating Saddam Hussein's behav­ 50% increase in exports by the end of 1984. Iraq. * * * several key Board members,• in­ ior. Obviously, that thinking was Cash transfers from the Gulf states to Iraq, cluding Eximbank President Bohn wflrP. flawed. at least $30 billion since the start of the war, February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3177 have been and will continue to be important Iraqi economy in practical, neutral context. decision to give preference to Exim-insured to Iraq. For the Gulf States, there appears to It could provide some incentive for Iraq to debts, and its long-term potential, we believe be no alternative to a continuation of this comply with our urgings that it show re­ that Exim should give favorable consider­ aid flow because of their dependence upon straint in the war. This evidence of our in­ ation to resuming short-term credit insur­ Iraq to resist export of the Iranian revolu­ terest in increasing commercial relations ance for Iraq. The Exim Board plans to meet tion. also will bring political benefits, as well as soon to decide the issue. There is the possibility, on the political balance-of-trade and employment benefits to We recommend that, before meeting with side, that internal frustrations resulting our economy. Hamdoon, you telephone Exim Chairman from economic deprivation and a seemingly Sincerely, Bohn to point out the advantages for U.S. endless war may produce problems for the LAWRENCE S. EAGLEBURGER. policy of a quick Exim decision to resume government. On the military front, Iraq has short-term insurance cover to Iraq. As ap­ suffered limited setbacks on the northern U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, propriate, you could then review the results front. It is uncertain how long the status quo Washington, DC, February 26, 1987. of your call to Bohn during your conversa­ can be maintained by Iraq in its confronta­ MEMORANDUM FOR MR. DONALD P. GREGG, THE tion with Hamdoon. tion with a much more populous Iran as long WHITE HOUSE 2. LICENSING FOR HIGH-TECH U.S. EXPORTS TO as Iran exports three times as much oil as Subject: The Vice President's March 2 Meet­ IRAQ Iraq. , ing with Iraqi Ambassador Nizar Commerce licenses for some high-tech U.S. DISCUSSION Hamdoon. exports to Iraq have been held up for ex­ The U.S./Iraq political relationship could The Department forwards herewith addi­ tended periods because of DOD concerns, pu­ be advanced by Exim financing which had tional background material which may be tatively about the risk of diversion to the previously not been possible for political rea­ useful for the Vice President's March 2 meet­ Soviet bloc. From the Iraq perspective, the sons. EJ!:im financing would benefit U.S. ing with Iraqi Ambassador Hamdoon. This long delays appear to be capricious. We agree manufacturers and workers and could serve material, supplementing the memorandum with that assessment. marginally to bolster the Iraq economy by of February 14 on the same subject, covers Licensing procedures are under inter­ freeing resources for use elsewhere in the issues which Hamdoon may raise during the agency review at present, and we may be country. Most importantly, Exim financing meeting. able to give the Iraqis and other interested would signal our belief in the future viability Since Hamdoon is planning to introduce trading partners more complete guidance of the Iraqi economy and secure a U.S. foot­ the issue of Exim credit insurance for Iraq, soon. In the meantime, we can point to hold in a potentially large export market. the Department strongly recommends that, progress on a few specific cases: After exten­ Viewed in combination with CCC credits al­ before meeting with Hamdoon, the Vice sive discussions with State and DOD, Com­ ready granted Iraq, an Exim gesture would President telephone Exim Chairman Bohn to merce has issued long-pending licenses for go far to show our support for Iraq in a prac­ discuss the issue. We believe the Vice Presi­ two high-priority scientific projects, includ­ tical, neutral context. This would be espe­ dent should emphasize to Bohn the advan­ ing one at the Iraqi Space and Astronomical cially important in the absence of other sub­ tages for U.S. regional policy of resuming Research Center. stantial U.S. gestures, to ease the military short-term credit insurance for Iraq. Rec­ pressures of the war, and would provide some ommended talking points for that call to TALKING POINTS FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT'S incentive for Iraq to comply with our Chairman Bohn are attached. CALL TO JOHN BOIIN (EXIM CREDIT INSUR­ urgings that it show restraint in widening MELVYN LEVITSKY, ANCE FOR IRAQ) Executive Secretary. the war. EXIM CREDITS FOR IRAQ Although Iraq's economy is confronted with significant problems, we are guardedly MEETING WITH IRAQ AMBASSADOR NIZAR Iraqi Ambassador Hamdoon is calling on optimistic regarding Iraq's ability to man­ HAMDOON, MARCH 2, 1987 me soon, and I expect him to raise the issue age these problems through 1984. (Issues to be Raised (if Introduced by of short-term Exim credit insurance for Iraq. Hamdoon)) I would like to be as responsive as possible. RECOMMENDATION 1. EXPORT-IMPORT BANK CREDIT INSURANCE FOR I understand that the Iraqis have resolved That you sign the letter attached at Tab 1 IRAQ some outstanding arrearages to Exim, and recommending that Exim consider financing In September 1985 Exim offered Iraq a Con­ that the Exim Board will decide soon wheth­ for Iraq. Our Interests Section endorses this tinuing Guarantee Agreement (CGA), which er to resume short-term credit insurance for recommendation. (Baghdad 3134 attached). would have supplemented the short-term Iraq. I urge you and your colleagues on the credit already available to Iraq with $50 mil­ Board to give that favorable consideration. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, lion in medium-term credit insurance. The As you know, there are major U.S. policy Washington, DC, December 24, 1983. Iraqis unceremoniously turned down Exim's considerations at work on this issue. Iraq Hon. WILLIAM H. DRAPER III, offer of a CGA, professing to be insulted by has apparently contained the latest Iranian President and Chairman, Export-Import Bank the small amount of money called for in the offensive, and we are taking advantage of of the United States, Washington, DC. agreement. that to try to put some life into peace ef­ DEAR BILL: I would like to bring to your Shortly thereafter, the plunge in oil prices forts. Exim's support for continued trade attention the important role EXIM can play seriously set back Iraq's financial situation. with Iraq would be a powerful, timely sig­ in furthering long range political and eco­ During 1986 the Iraqis missed payments on nal-both to Iraq and to the Gulf Arab nomic interests of the United States by loans from several Western governments, as states-of U.S. interest in stability in the being receptive to financing American sales well as on letters of credit to suppliers from Gulf. to and projects in Iraq. a number of countries. Although in the near term Iraq will con­ I understand that there were legal con­ Among the unpaid L/Cs in 1986 were several tinue to face financial stress because of the straints on EXIM financing for sales to Iraq insured by Exim. Under those circumstances, war, Iraq's prospects for the medium- to arising from Iraq's links to international Exim stepped back from its offer of a CGA long-term are good, considering the coun­ terrorists. Recently, the President of Iraq for medium-term credits, and stopped ap­ try's vast oil reserves. Now is the time to announced the termination of all assistance proving short-term credit insurance for Iraq begin building a solid trade relationship with to the principal terrorist group of concern, as well. Iraq for the future. among others. Iraq then expelled this group In the fall of 1986, Iraq's Rafidain Bank and its leader. The terrorism issue, there­ began singling out Exim-insured L/Cs for re­ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, fore, should no longer be an impediment to payment, and we understand that Rafidain Washington, DC, November 8, 1989. EXIM financing for U.S. sales to Iraq. has now paid all overdue L/Cs insured by To: The Acting Secretary. Although we cannot know when the heavy Exim. Moreover, by means of improved in­ Subject: Letter to Treasury Deputy Sec­ burden of war will be lifted from the Iraqi ternal procedures and bilateral debt resched­ retary Robson on a CCC Program for economy, the threat of economic crisis has uling arrangements with creditors in third Iraq. receded. A strict austerity program, supplier countries, the Iraqis have begun to regain In our conversation earlier today, Depart­ credits, foreign government project financ­ some measure of control over;their financial ment of the Treasury Deputy Secretary John ing, and continued financial assistance from situation. Their short-term financial situa­ Robson asked that you send him a letter out­ the Gulf states should continue to sustain tion is still difficult, but-with their great lining the policy reasons for which State the oil export capacity by 30% to one million long-term potential based on vast oil re­ strongly backed USDA's proposal for a full, bid in the spring of 1984, and has plans well serves-they should be able to manage in the billion-dollar program of Commodity Credit advanced for an additional 50% increase in short term, with an eye to reconstruction Corporation (CCC) credit guarantees, with its oil exports by the end of 1984. when the war winds down. safeguards, for Iraq. Attached is a letter for From the political standpoint, EXIM fi­ Considering Iraq's success in continuing your signature that outlines those policy nancing would show U.S. interest. in the the latest Iranian offensive, its clear policy considerations. It essentially follows the 3178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 talking points provided for your telephone Reality: Because its debt has a short matu­ cause Baghdad believes that we too will conversation with Mr. Robson. rity structure, Iraq cannot pay all its debt eventually commit to larger and larger pro­ RECOMMENDATION service. Moreover, Iraq has an attitude prob­ grams of long-term credit. lem regarding foreign debt. Iraq only fully Myth #10: Iraq is no less creditworthy than That you sign the attached letter to Dep­ other heavily-indebted countries where uty Secretary Robson. repays creditors who offer large new loans. If creditors don't offer new loans, Iraq simply Eximbank is open. Attachment-Proposed letter to Deputy Reality: Creditworthiness has two compo­ Secretary Robson. fails to pay, and demands bilateral resched­ uling arrangements involving oil barter. nents, ability and willingness. In the long run, Iraq may have greater ability to repay U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, This strategy permits Iraq to secure project financing, as well as pure BOP assistance. than many countries. However, Iraq has Washington, DC, November 8, 1989. demonstrated a clear unwillingness to adopt Hon. JOHN E. RoBSON, Myth #4: Iraq hit rock-bottom in 1986; since then, Iraq's finances have already got­ normal debtor-creditor relations. Iraq is Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, more aptly compared to Peru (which pays DC. ten a lot better. Reality: The oil price collapse (and Iranian when it wants to), than to Yugoslavia (which DEAR JOHN: Further to our discussion, on makes a valiant effort) or Argentina (which foreign policy grounds we support the De­ military victories) of 1986 took the Iraqis by surprise; for a time, they weren't even an­ at least pays lip service to the IMF and the partment of Agriculture's proposal for a full, Paris Club). billion-dollar program of Commodity Credit swering communications from creditors. Corporation GSM-102 export credit guaran­ Today, they are better organized, but within an Iraqi context. Iraq has become more so­ IRAQ COUNTRY REVIEW UPDATE tees in FY 90, with adequate safeguards, for (October 10, 1989, Eximbank Country Review) Iraq. phisticated in its calls for bilateral In addition to the near-term benefits for reschedulings, and in its cultivation of po- · Since our April and June 1989 Country Re­ agricultural sales, the CCC program is im­ tential creditors (such as Exim). views, Iraq's ability and willingness to repay portant to our efforts to improve and expand Myth #5: Iraq's financial problems are tem­ foreign obligations appears not to have our relationship with Iraq, as ordered by the porary; when the next oil pipeline opens up, changed appreciably. Unable to service all of President in NDS-26. Iraq is a major power things will get better. it debts, Iraq only pays creditors who it be­ in a part of the world which is of vital impor­ Reality: Pipeline capacity has more than lieves are willing to increase their exposure tance to the United States. Our ability to in­ tripled since 1984, without significant effect continuously. Recent events confirm this fluence Iraqi behavior in areas from Lebanon on total oil revenues. Weak oil prices, caused analysis. to the Middle East peace process to missile in part by Iraq's larger output, offset volume ECGD-once Iraq's "most favored" credi­ proliferation is enhanced by expanded trade. increases. In the long run, oil revenues will tor-has suspended its S600 million 1989 pro­ Also, to realize Iraq's enormous potential as depend on Iraq's ability to influence OPEC tocol because of major arrearages. Iraq was a market for U.S. goods and services, we decisionmaking, to the detriment of mod­ to repay over S400 million in 1989, but per­ must not permit our displacement as a major erates like Saudi Arabia. Iraqi attempts to mitted arrears because ECGD refused to con­ increase oil export vol um es may lead to sider a large increase in its program. trading partner. Because of arrears this year, CCC's Sl bil­ With regard to the real concerns which lower world oil prices and thus dampen arise from the investigation into the oper­ Iraq's own oil revenues. lion program has occasionally been. sus­ Myth #6: The end of the war with Iran, and pended. Iraq permits arrears to CCC in spite ations of the Atlanta branch of the Banco of the program's size and attractive terms. Nationale de Lavoro, we have received from thus of Iraq's financial problems, is just the Government of Iraq a pledge of coopera­ around the corner. Because of their concerns about Iraqi finan­ Reality: The "cease-fire" does not guaran­ cial behavior, the Fed and Treasury want tion. Our intention is to hold Iraq to this CCC to scale back this program. commitment and to work with the Depart­ tee an effective peace accord. Even if the war Other export credit agencies- COFACE, ment of Agriculture to ensure that the prob­ with Iran should formally "end", Iraq is not likely to ignore the continuing threats posed MIT!, and SACE-are off-cover or suspended lems with the program in the past are fully for medium- and long-term credits. Only resolved in a new program. The safeguards by Iran and the Kurds, and will not dras­ HERMES has a medium-term program, but proposed by USDA, including disbursement tically reduce military spending. Further­ more, Iraq will undertake a costly recon­ it is smaller than Exim's short-term pro­ of the CCC guarantees in tranches, buttress gram. Like Exim, most agencies now operate the program and merit our backing. struction, at the expense of debt repayment. To sustain the benefits of playing one credi­ only on a revolving basis-providing cover I appreciate your support in this connec­ only as Iraq makes payments. tion. tor off the next, Iraq will avoid a multilat­ The BNL incident-which may have in­ Sincerely. eral Paris Club rescheduling, and continue to volved criminal behavior by both BNL and LAWRENCE S. EAGLEBURGER, use default as a device to secure continued Iraqi officials-raises additional doubts Acting Secretary. financial assistance. about the nature of Iraq's financial behavior. Myth #7: Closer ties between the U.S. and Iraq does not wish to repay already-dis­ MYTHOLOGY ABOUT IRAQ Iraq will ensure Exim repayment, even if bursed L/Cs unless disbursements are made Myth #1: Iraq is one of the largest markets other creditors are not being paid. on promised L/Cs, even those issued illegally. for U.S. exports in the developing world. Reality: Relations between Iraq and the In spite of growing international pressure, Reality: The myth of the Iraqi market is U.S. are not guaranteed to be warm, because Iraq continues to refuse to undertake a·mul­ based on two or three years of huge imports the principal U.S. interest in the region is tilateral rescheduling exercise through the around 1980. The Iraqi market was not not in supporting Iraq's objectives (a peace Paris Club. Paris Club reschedulings would among the largest before that, nor is it now. settlement which favors Iraqi border claims, force Iraq to treat creditors equally, and Iraq in 1987 was the 28th largest importer (of and an end to the Kurdish threat), but in would require international scrutiny of civilian goods) among non-OECD countries. ending the Gulf War. Even if the U.S. offered Iraq's economic situation and priorities. U.S. An end to the war alone does not imply a fi­ political and material support to Baghdad, policy requires multilateral reschedulings nancial bonanza for Iraq. The conditions ex­ Exim repayment is still not guaranteed. Iraq (see attached NAC policy). isting in 1981-simultaneous 4 mb/d produc­ does not fully repay countries (such as The BNL incident has revealed the extent tion and S30 per barrel oil- will not return. France, Italy, Japan, or Turkey) which have of Iraqi efforts to attract Western financial Any dramatic increase in imports depends on been important to Iraq's military or eco­ support for Iraq's military industrialization the uncertain prospect of substantially high­ nomic effort, because Iraq believes these program. Iraq is pursuing technologically ad­ er oil revenues and the willingness of credi­ creditors have already received a paycheck vanced, import-substituting, dual civilian­ tors (such as Exim) to finance the creation of in the form of greater access to the Iraqi military industrialization, possibly in viola­ a larger Iraqi market. market. Iraq will view Exim credits as some­ tion of Western export restrictions. Myth #2: Because of its vast oil reserves, thing the U.S. does in its own self-interest Iraq's oil revenues cannot cover Iraq's am­ Iraq must be a highly creditworthy country. not in Iraq's. ' bitious industrialization plans. Even before Reality: Large oil reserves do not imply Myth #9: Iraq pays CCC; the Iraqis believe the recent completion of a second Saudi high oil revenues. Oil revenues depend on oil we're all one government so they'll repay us, pipeline, Iraq had ample pipeline capacity; export capacity and oil prices. In spite of too. however, its OPEC quota permits no room valiant efforts to boost oil export capacity, Reality: Iraq pays CCC, and two other ex­ for additional oil exports. Any Iraqi attempt Iraq's oil revenues remain at half their level port credit agencies, because they have been at overproduction risks retaliation by other of the early 1980s. Neither oil export capac­ offering consecutively larger programs of OPEC members and a revenue-offsetting ity, nor oil prices, are guaranteed to work in new medium-term credit. Nizar Hamdoon price collapse. Iraq's favor in the future. and other sophisticated observers of the Iraq continues to cajole export agencies Myth #3: Iraq is perfectly willing to repay American scene know that Exim and CCC do through offers of lucrative contracts to ex­ creditors; it just does not have the ability to not speak with the same voice. If Exim be­ porters, friendly visits, and promises of fa­ repay right now. comes a " favored creditor", it is only be- vored creditor status. February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3179 MEMORANDUM TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, cover in December after two months of sig­ the sale of satellite and computer tech­ MAY 4, 1987 nificant (and clearly non-technical) arrear­ nology to China. They based this relax­ COUNTRY LIMITATION SCHEDULE ages. So far. the suspension has not resulted ing, lifting of sanctions, on China's RECOMMENDATION: IRAQ in any catch-up payments by Baghdad. word that they would abide and sign Background and Country Summary The French Finance Ministry has been ap­ proached to reschedule interest payments the Missile Control Technology Re­ Eximbank has been "Off Cover" for all falling due on already twice rescheduled gime. transactions since March 1986 when it ended debts. The French recently conducted a poll This is a blow to the reformers in FCIA insurance coverage under letters of of export credit agencies to explore methods China because once again, without credit from Bank Rafidain and the Central of negotiating payment from the Iraqis. much evidence, the administration has Bank of Iraq because Bank Rafidain became However, COFACE is very nearly at the delinquent. At the highest point these ar­ sided with the hardline regime in point of saying "enough is enough", and China. rears amounted to just over $5 million. Some going off cover even for short-term credit. claims were paid. Commencing in late 1986, This spring Li Peng, the current Pre­ the Iraqi Government made payments on the Other creditors-EFIC of Australia (pre­ mier and China's preeminent hardliner, delinquencies and brought the payments cur­ viously a favored creditor), EDC of Canada, HERMES of West Germany, OeKB of Aus­ the man who ordered the massacre of rent by February 18, 1987. Rafidain's letters tria, and Japan's Marubeni, Mitsubishi, and Tiananmen Square in June 1989, will of credit became over due again on March 17, Sumitomo trading houses-also report sig­ face a Party Congress which is rumored 1987, but subsequent payments of $1.9 million nificant new arrearages under previous bilat­ to be antagonistic to his hardline eco­ brought the account current on April 13, eral rescheduling agreements. 1987. A payment due April 21, 1987 was made nomic and political policies. Li's vul­ As for the U.S., payments under nerability signifies a deeper debate on time; the next payment is due May 14, Eximbank's short term insurance facility are 1987. within the ruling circle of Chinese The Board conducted an interagency re­ now current, after technical arrearages early leaders over what path to take in the view of Iraq on April 24, 1987. The discussion last fall. Payments due CCC are also current, after a more recent arrearage (which brought aftermath of the Tiananmen Square indicated that, for the first time, it now ap­ crackdown and negative world reaction pears possible for Iran to win the 7-year old a short suspension of CCC cover). No doubt, war. Over the shortterm, the current situa­ the Iraqis anticipate that Eximbank will ap­ to it. tion, chiefly a stalemate with Iran making prove a large medium-term program in early The U.S. Senate is about to take a periodic probes and occasional advances, is 1989 (assuming an improvement in the politi­ landmark vote. When Senators vote on likely to continue. But over the medium­ cal climate), and do not want to spoil the at­ legislation to condition the removal of term, a slow wearing-down of Iraq's defenses mosphere, even through technical arrear­ China's most-favored-nation status on and morale could result in an Iranian vic­ ages. improvement in human rights, trade, tory. No predictions were given concerning With export credit agencies off cover for medium-term projection-related credit, Iraq and weapons nonproliferation, as I the future of the existing Government in mentioned earlier. They will have an Iraq or what could be expected in the post­ has approached commercial banks and in­ war period. vestment banks. Banks are reportedly con­ opportunity to strengthen the reform­ Economic conditions in the country have sidering extending credits secured by Iraqi ers within the Chinese Government at steadily worsened since the start of the war. oil export receipts placed in overseas escrow a time when the succession is increas­ Foreign exchange reserves are essentially ex­ accounts (a la the new Venezuelan debt pack­ ingly under question. hausted. Payments on external debt have age). The banks are fully aware of Iraq's se­ It is a landmark time, Mr. Speaker, been rescheduled bilaterally each year since vere payments problems vis-a-vis official creditors, and will seek concrete legal mech­ because as we have heard people say 1983. Berne Union members report payment from time to time, why all the fuss delays have increased from $70 million as of anisms to ensure that they become Iraq's December 31, 1985 to $730 million as of De­ new favored creditors. about what is going on in China? These cember 31, 1986; unrecovered claims in­ Iraq's payments problems-related to its people are very old. They will die and creased from $238 million as of September 30, low, uncertain oil revenues- are likely to then everything will be OK. continue. In the heady days following the 1986 to $314 million as of December 31, 1986. 0 1320 Eight of the major Berne Union members are cease-fire, Iraq was convinced that oil prices Off Cover for medium-term transactions and would immediately rise to $18 per barrel, and Perhaps if the succession vote pro­ six are also Off Cover for short-term as well. boasted of plans for renewed exports of 4 mil­ ceeds to the reformers right now, the All members have tight restrictions or re­ lion barrels per day. Since then, reality has premier is a hardliner, and as he moves duced cover if they are open. set in. Oil prices plunged to $11-12 per barrel, around the world, with the reaction Our balance-of-payments projections, even forcing Baghdad to come to terms with its which the United States gives to his under the optimistic assumption that Iraq fellow OPEC members and accept an output would export more than 3 million barrels of quota of 2.6 million barrels per day. Plans to policies, he is strengthened in China. oil per day after 1989, indicate that Iraq will rebuild the destroyed Gulf oil terminals-a In May 1990, China's Communist be unable to service scheduled debt repay­ prerequisite to significantly higher oil out­ Party General Secretary Chan Su Man ments over the next 5 years and will require put-have been suspended. said that the West's reaction to continuing reschedulings. This forecast and Tiananmen Square was much ado a detailed economic analysis are attached. about nothing. Can you imagine that? Eximbank Exposure MOST-FAVORED-NATION STATUS Not only did he say that, he said it was Eximbank current exposure in Iraq, all FOR CHINA an old Chinese proverb. short-term, is $4.3 million with maturities The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a Since that statement the Chinese falling due under letters of credit through previous order of the House, the gentle­ Government has ignored repeated con­ December 12, 1987. woman from California [Ms. PELOSI] is gressional and administration requests Recommendation recognized for 60 minutes. for the release of political prisoners. Eximbank should remain Off Cover for all Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I just To be sure, the Chinese Government programs concerning Iraq. has dribbled out a prisoner or two Prepared by: Charles Hammond, Finan­ wanted to come to the floor to talk cial Economist, Country Risk Analysis. about a landmark vote that the Con­ whenever it needed to curry Western Approved by: Thomas A. Forbord, Vice gress of the United States is facing, favor. For every prisoner released, President for County Risk Analysis. and that is the vote to condition the however, the Chinese Government has renewal of most-favored-nation status subjected another to trail and sentenc­ EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES, to China on condition of improvement ing. There has also been no overall re­ COUNTRY RISK ANALYSIS DIVISION, JANUARY of human rights, trade practices and duction in the level of political repres- 23, 1989 weapons nonproliferation. The Senate sion in China since June 1989. · ALERT REPORT-IRAQI PAYMENTS SITUATION tomorrow will have an opportunity to At the same time, China has enjoyed FURTHER DETERIORATES vote on this legislation. increasing benefits from its trade rela­ Iraq's payments situation has further dete­ riorated, according to recent reports from The reason I rushed to the floor this tionship with the United States. Chi­ Embassy Baghdad, the CIA, and others. afternoon to talk about this is because na's trade surplus with United States is ECGD of the United Kingdom, once Iraq's the administration on Friday, as Mem­ growing annually and has totaled near­ paramount "favored creditor", suspfmded all bers are aware, lifted the sanctions on ly $30 billion since the Tiananmen 3180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 Square massacre. This year alone it is rules for trade with China, a trade rela­ because of geography but also because $12.5 billion for 1991. Those figures were tionship that benefits China far more. of our proximity to Silicon Valley and just released. It is a large and growing ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE Lawrence Livermore Lab, which are trade deficit. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. important sites for visits of these trade Given the tremendous potential that VENTO). The Chair will remind the delegations. trade with the United States offers it is Member that the remarks in debate It is for this reason precisely that likely that the Chinese Government may not include characterizations of this administration's action is so ques­ will make some concessions in order to Senate action or inaction or adjura­ tionable. China sees its future tied to preserve its MFN status. This situation tions to Senate actions. its acquiring and utilizing advanced, gives the United States leverage, but The gentlewoman I think should talk sophisticated technology. For one we must use that leverage. about future Senate actions. These are thing, it will enable them to upgrade Against the backdrop ·of the leader­ the rules of the House and I know .the their weapons arsenal and increase ship succession, the upcoming Senate gentlewoman has tried to subscribe to their West weapons export program, vote on whether to condition the fur­ . that. I would just remind the other again gaining for them more hard cur­ ther extension of MFN trade status for Members and the gentlewoman of the rency added to their hard currency China takes on major significance. A rules. from their trade surplus with the Unit­ strong Senate vote would bolster the Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, all that I ed States. Again, we directly and indi­ argument of reformers within the Chi­ am saying about the Senate also ap­ rectly are strengthening this hardline nese Government that weapons sales to plies to the House on our override vote regime who can do whatever they want the Middle East and political repres­ should the President veto the legisla­ because they have the hard currency to sion at home have become too costly in tion. back them up. terms of economic relations with the A trade relationship that benefits So while we know of pending sales United States. China far more than it benefits the and rumors of sales to the Middle East, Conversely, a weak partisan Senate United States. Each of us, whether in sales to Iran, to Syria, to Libya, we vote would reassure Li Peng and other our vote in the House of Representa­ know of transfer of technology to Alge­ hardliners that China's policies of the tives, or whatever body we serve in the ria, potential missile sales to Pakistan, past 2¥2 years have not significantly af­ Congress, has an opportunity to answer one would have to wonder why the ad­ fected China's international relation­ to history for . our vote. Each of us has ministration saw fit in the dark of ships. to decide whether to contribute to re­ night on Friday, after everyone was Given the current regime sales of ad­ form or to bolster the current policies gone, to issue a press release at the vanced weapon technology to countries of repression and weapons prolifera­ State Department, not in the Presi­ such as Iran, any United States policy tion. Each of us will have to weigh the dent's name, and I do not blame him statement that encourages this political price of voting against the ad­ for disassociating himself with the ac­ hardliner appeal would jeopardize glob­ ministration if the administration tion and not being proud of it, to lift al security. For despite its calculated chooses to veto this legislation, and the sanction. assurances to American diplomats weighing that against our own obliga­ It is a very dangerous action. It sup­ about adherence to international weap­ tion to discourage another generation ports the hardliners in terms of the ons nonproliferation treaties, there is of political tyranny and international succession. It supports the hardliners evidence that the Chinese Government recklessness. in terms of what comes next in terms is continuing to fuel a dangerous arms The China vote in the House and in of nuclear proliferation. It supports the race among developing countries that the Senate and the President's signa­ hardliners in their repression at home. could have devastating implications ture or veto is really a vote about But let us say for a moment that the for United States policy in the Middle America. Let us hope that principle Members would support the adminis­ East and elsewhere. has not yet been overtaken by policies tration's action. If in fact the adminis­ It is not coincidental that Li has just and that bravery and the love of free­ tration takes China at its word and returned home from a Western trip de­ dom have not become mere slogans. China is worthy of that confidence, signed to bolster his lagging image. He I say this particularly, as I said, Mr. then that argues eyen more strongly had also sought publicly to portray President, in my opening remarks, in for passage of the MFN legislation in himself in a more reformist light. De­ light of the administration's lifting of both Houses, and a signature by the spite his recent calls for economic re­ the sanctions on sale of satellite and President, and if not an override in forms, however, Li continues to be as­ computer technology to China. And as both Houses, because if China indeed is sociated with the political crackdown I say, this all should be taken in light worthy of the confidence the adminis­ and economic tightening that he or­ of the succession. tration has placed in it, it will have no chestrated after June 1989, and which There are two things that the United trouble meeting the conditions of the continues today. · States has that China needs des­ legislation before the Congress of the Unfortunately, the President's Janu­ perately and will do almost anything United States at this time. ary 31st meeting in New York with Li to get. One is hard currency, and the 0 1330 Peng may bolster Li's position in the Chinese have been very successful in succession. For while the administra­ their unfair trade practices to achieve Again, as I say, it is at this critical tion tried to downplay the significance enormous trade surpluses with the time in Chinese history in preparation of the meeting, the Chinese premier United States, $6 billion in 1989, $9 bil­ for this spring's party conference. So I undoubtedly benefited domestically lion in 1990, $12.5 billion in 1991, a large appeal to my colleagues and the entire from this having a private discussion and growing deficit, second only to our Congress and to the President of the with the leader of the free world. trade deficit with Japan, and growing, United States to make a judgment Cloaked in his newly acquired re­ as I said. about this legislation and hold it up to spectability, Li Peng will augment his So the results in hard currency, this standard that it makes the world appeal for a continuation of his · which gives this regime a certain inde­ safer by conditioning renewal of MFN hardline policies by stressing his ac­ pendence that they have, this hard cur­ on nonproliferation of missiles and ceptance by the world community and rency makes them strong. other technology, that is, makes the his fitness as an international states­ The other thing we have that they trade fairer by conditioning MFN on man. want and need desperately is tech­ improvement in our trade relationship The Senate will therefore send an im­ nology. In the district I represent, San by being fairer to American workers, portant message at a critical time to Francisco is a destination point for by having China abide by our trade the people of China. S~nators will have many trade delegations from China. It treaties and makes the political cli­ an opportunity to set American ground is a very popular destination, not only mate freer by saying to the regime in February 24, 1992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3181 Beijing that MFN which is special for that committee had examined and payments in OCS areas, pursuant to 43 U.S.C. the United States to give to a central­ found truly enrolled a bill of the House 1339(b); to the Committee on Interior and In­ ized economy will be granted if those of the following title, which was there­ sular Affairs. 2857. A letter from the Deputy Associate prisoners who were arrested in the upon signed by the Speaker: Director for Collection and Disbursement, events surrounding the Tiananmen H.R. 3866. An act to provide for the des­ Department of the Interior, transmitting no­ Square massacre are released. ignation of the Flower Garden Banks Na­ tice of proposed refunds of excess royalty Freer, fairer, safer, that is what the tional Marine Sanctuary. payments in OCS areas, pursuant to 43 U.S.C. future is about. That is what this legis­ 1339(b); to the Committee on Interior and In­ lation is about. We will all have to an­ sular Affairs. swer for this vote. I do not think it will ADJOURNMENT 2858. A letter from the Deputy Associate be good enough to say, I voted with the Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Sp_eaker, I move Director for Collection and Disbursement, Department of the Interior, transmitting no­ President on it. We all have to have the that the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; accord­ tice of proposed refunds of excess royalty reasons why we would not want to sup­ payments in OCS areas, pursuant to 43 U.S.C. port a reasonable achievable doable ingly (at 1 o'clock and 31 minutes 1339(b); to the Committee on Interior and In­ legislation when we have the oppor­ p.m.), the House adjourned until to­ sular Affairs. tunity to do so. morrow, Tuesday, February 25, 1992, at 2859. A letter from the Deputy Associate With that, Mr. Speaker, I yield back 12 noon. Director for Collection and Disbursement, the balance of my time. Department of the Interior, transmitting no­ tice of proposed refunds of excess royalty EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, payments in OCS areas, pursuant to 43 U.S.C. SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED ETC. 1339(b); to the Committee on Interior and In­ sular Affairs. By unanimous consent, permission to Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu­ 2860. A letter from the Deputy Associate address the House, following the legis­ tive communications were taken from for Collection and Disbursement, Depart­ lative program and any special orders the Speaker's table and referred as fol­ ment of the Interior, transmitting notice of heretofore entered, was granted to: lows: proposed refunds of excess royalty payments (The following Members (at the re­ 2848. A letter from the Assistant Legal Ad­ in OCS areas, pursuant to 43 U.S.C. 1339(b); quest of Mr. GONZALEZ) to revise and viser for Treaty Affairs, Department of to the Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ extend their remarks and include ex­ State, transmitting the text of an agreement fairs. 2861. A letter from the President and CEO, traneous material:) in which the American Institute in Taiwan is Little League Baseball, Inc., transmitting Mr. ANNUNZIO, for 5 minutes, today. a party, pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 3311(a); to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. the organization's annual report for the fis­ Mr. DORGAN of North Dakota, for 60 cal year ending September 30, 1991, pursuant minutes, today. 2849. A letter from the Assistant Adminis­ trator for Legislative Affairs, Agency for to 36 U.S.C. 1084(b); to the Committee on the Mr. BRUCE, for 5 minutes, on Feb­ Judiciary. 'International Development, transmitting a 2862. A letter from the Chairman, Merit ruary 25. report on its activities under the Freedom of Mr. HOAGLAND, ~or 30 minutes, on Systems Protection Board, transmitting the Information Act for calendar year 1991, pur­ 13th annual report on the activities of the February 25. suant to 5 U.S.C. 552(d); to the Committee on Mr. LIPINSKI, for 60 minutes each day, Board during fiscal year 1991, pursuant to 5 Government Operations. U.S.C. 1209(b); to the Committee on Post Of­ on February 25 and 26. 2850. A letter from' the Director, ACTION fice and Civil Service. Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois, for 60 min­ Agency, transmitting a report on its activi­ 2863. A letter from the Secretary, Depart­ utes each day, on March 3 and 4. ties under the Freedom of Information Act ment of Commerce, transmitting the 1991 an­ (The following Member (at her own for calendar year 1991, pursuant to 5 U,S.C. nual report of the Visiting Committee on Ad­ request) to revise and extend her re­ 552(d); to the Committee on Government Op­ vanced Technology of the National Institute marks and include extraneous mate­ erations. of Standards and Technology, pursuant to 2851. A letter from the Chairman, Federal Public Law 100-418, section 5131(b) (102 Stat. rial:) Deposit Insurance Corporation, transmitting Ms. PELOSI, for 60 minutes, today. 1443); to the Committee on Science, Space, a report on its activities under the Freedom and Technology. of Information Act for calendar year 1991, 2864. A letter from the Secretary of Labor, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(d); to the Committee EXTENSION OF REMARKS transmitting the 17th annual report of the on Government Operations. · ' Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation cov­ By unanimous consent, permission to 2852. A letter from the Chairman, Federal ering fiscal year 1991, which includes the revise and extend remarks was granted Deposit Insurartce Corporation, transmitting Corporation's financial statements as of Sep­ to: a copy of the annual report in compliance tember 30, 1991, pursuant to 29 U.S.C. 1308; (The following , Members (at . the re­ with the Government in the Sunshine Act jointly, to the Committees on Education and quest of Mr. WOLF) and to include ex­ during calendar year 1991, pursuant to 5 Labor and Ways and Means. traneous matter:) U.S.C. 552b(j);' to the Committee on Govern­ Mr. GUNDERSON. ment Operations. Mr. GREEN of New York. 2853. A letter from the President, James REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB­ Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation, LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Mr. GINGRICH. transmitting the annual report under the (The following Members (at the re­ Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of quest of Mr. GONZALEZ) and to include for fiscal year 1991, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. committees were delivered to the Clerk extraneous matter:) 3512(c)(3); to the Committee on Government for printing and reference to the proper Mr. ANDERSON in 10 instances. Operations. calendar, as follows: Mr. GONZALEZ in 10 instances. 2854. A letter from the Chief Administra­ [Submitted February 21, 1992] Mr. BROWN in 10 instances. tive Officer, Postal Rate Commission, trans­ Mr. ANNUNZIO in six instances. mitting a report on its activities under the Mr. ASPIN: Committee on Armed Services. H.R. 1558. A bill to amend the Panama Canal Mr. PENNY. Freedom of Information Act for calendar year 1991, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(d); to the Act of 1979 to provide for a Chairman of the Mr. REED. Board of the Panama Canal Commission, and Mr. MAZZO LI. Committee on Government Operations. 2855. A letter from the Secretary, Postal for other purposes; with amendments (Rept. Mr. VENTO. Rate Commission, transmitting a copy of the 102-428, Pt. 2). Referred to the Committee of Mr. F ALEO MA v AEGA in four instances. annual report in compliance with the Gov­ the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. F ASCELL in three instances. ernment in the Sunshine Act during the cal­ [Submitted February 24, 1992] Mr. HAMILTON. endar year 1991, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552b(j); Mr. MILLER of California: Committee on Mr. BORSKI in two instances. to the Committee on Government Oper­ Interior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 3519. A bill ations. to authorize the establishment of the 2856. A letter from the Deputy Associate Steamtown National Historic Site; with an ENROLLED BILL SIGNED Director for Collection and Disbursement, amendment (Rept. 102-434). Referred to the Mr. ROSE, from the Committee on Department of the Interior, transmitting no­ Committee of the Whole House on the State House Administration, reported that tice of proposed refunds of excess royalty of the Union. 3182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 24, 1992 PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H.R. 371: Mr. SKEEN. H.R. 3992: Ms. SLAUGHTER, Mr. FROST, Mr. H.R. 430: Mr. SAXTON. MAZZOLI, Mr. MFUME, Mr. LEVIN of Michigan, Under clause 5 of rule X and clause 4 H.R. 710: Mr. PETERSON of Minnesota and and Mrs. LOWEY of New York. of rule XXII, public bills and resolu­ Mr. lNHOFE. H.R. 4050: Mr. UPTON. tions were introduced and severally re­ H.R. 815: Mr. RICHARDSON. H.R. 4058: Mr. MARLENEE and Mr. HERGER. ferred as follows: H.R. 843: Mr. KOLTER. H.R. 967: Ms. KAPTUR. H.R. 4073: Mrs. PATTERSON, Mr. OLIN, and By Mr. ARMEY (for himself, Mr. H.R. 1124: Mr. SPENCE, Mr. PAYNE of New Mrs. KENNELLY. DELAY, Mr. DANNEMEYER, Mr. Jersey, Mr. DYMALLY, Mr. MANTON, Mr. MUR­ H.R. 4089: Mr. SPENCE, Mr. BERMAN, Mr. ROHRABACHER, and Mr. CRANE): PHY, and Mr. POSHARD. RAY, Mr. BREWSTER, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. H.R. 4288. A bill to repeal the part IV of H.R. 1156: Mr. RoEMER. DEFAZIO, and Mr. LAGOMARSINO. title m of the Communications Act of 1934, H.R. 1161: Mr. SAVAGE. H.R. 4172: Mr. JONES of North Carolina. relating to assistance for public tele­ H.R. 1288: Ms. KAPTUR and Mr. FLAKE. H.R. 4175: Mrs. MINK, Mr. ALEXANDER, Mr. communications; to the Committee on En­ H.R. 1414: Mr. EWING and Mr. ALLEN. COLEMAN of Texas, Mr. FRANK of Massachu­ ergy and Commerce. H.R. 1456: Mrs. MEYERS of Kansas. setts, Mr. MCNULTY, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. ROY­ By Mr. F ALEOMAV AEGA: H.R. 1497: Mr. Goss. BAL, Mr. DYMALLY, Mr. BUSTAMANTE, Mr. H.R. 4289. A bill to amend the Agricultural H.R. 1820: Mr. HOAGLAND and Mr. FRANK of JONES of North Carolina, Mr. MANTON, Mr. Act of 1949 to make American Samoa eligible Massachusetts. MAZZOLI, Mr. OLVER, Mr. BLACKWELL, Mr. for emergency livestock feed assistance; to H.R. 1987: Mr. APPLEGATE, Mr. MILLER of PAYNE of New Jersey, Mr. TOWNS, and Mr. the Committee on Agriculture. California, Mr. LOWERY of California, Mr. LEHMAN of Florida. H.R. 4290. A bill to amend section 325 of the VENTO, Mr. WEISS, Mr. STARK, Mr. WAXMAN, H.R. 4194: Mr. CAMP, Mr. HUNTER, Mr. WIL­ Immigration and Nationality Act to provide Mr. WILSON, Mr. GoRDON, Mr. ANNUNZIO, Mr. SON, Mr. ANNUNZIO, Mr. MURTHA, Ms. KAP­ that residence within the outlying posses­ FLAKE, Mr. LEVINE of California, Mr. FOGLI­ TUR, Mr. HALL of Ohio, Mr. KILDEE, and Mr. sions of the United States shall be counted ETTA, Mr. RAHALL, and Mr. PASTOR. POSHARD. as residence within a State or district of H.R. 2410: Mr. ARMEY, Mr. Goss, and Mr. service for purposes of the residency require­ DUNCAN. H.R. 4202: Mr. RIGGS and Mr. McMILLAN of ment for naturalization; to the Committee H.R. 2565: Mr. WOLPE, Mrs. LOWEY of New North Carolina. on the Judiciary. York, Mr. MORAN, Mr. FLAKE, Mr. OLIN, and H.R. 4206: Mr. GUARINI and Mr. DAVIS. By Mr. FOGLIETTA: Mr. SCHEUER. H.R. 4220: Mr. JACOBS, Ms. KAPTUR, Mr. H.R. 4291. A bill to amend the Shipping Act H.R. 2569: Mr. ZIMMER. PORTER Mr. APPLEGATE, and Mr. KILDEE. of 1984 to establish requirements for the ap­ H.R. 2595: Mr. SANTORUM. H.R. 4229: Mr. MRAZEK. proval by the Federal Maritime Commission H.R. 2879: Mr. POSHARD and Mr. LIGHTFOOT. H.R. 4277: Mr. PENNY, Mrs. UNSOELD, Mr. DE of conference agreement amendments that H.R. 3051: Mr. FEIGHAN and Mr. FROST. LUGO, Mr. TRAXLER, Mrs. MINK, Mr. VOLK­ terminate service to a port, to ensure consid­ H.R. 3071: Mr. GALLEGLY, Mr. THOMAS of MER, and Mr. DEFAZIO. eration of the public interest with respect to Georgia, and Mr. JAMES. H.J. Res. 240: Mr. RAVENEL and Mr. SEN­ those agreements and amendments, and for H.R. 3137: Mr. BERMAN and Mr. SANTORUM. SENBRENNER. other purposes; to the Committee on Mer­ H.R. 3217: Mr. SANTORUM. H.R. 3373: Mr. KOSTMAYER, Mr. LEHMAN of H.J. Res. 334: Mr. FRANKS of Connecticut. chant Marine and Fisheries. Florida, and Mr. FEIGHAN. H.J. Res. 411: Mr. SMITH of Iowa, Mr. MAR­ By Mr. LEACH: H.R. 3542: Mr. SABO, Mr. PETERSON of Min­ TINEZ, Mr. KANJORSKI, Mr. HUGHES, and Mr. H.R. 4292. A bill to provide for 50,000 addi­ nesota, and Mr. FOGLIETTA. MURPHY. tional immigrant visas for certain nations of H.R. 3553: Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. H. Con. Res. 92: Mr. RIGGS. the previous Soviet Union who are involved H.R. 3612: Mr. PANETTA, Mr. ATKINS, and H. Con. Res. 180: Mr. TRAFICANT, Mrs. in nuclear weapons research, development, Mr. BONIOR. LOWEY of New York, Mr. FAZIO, Mr. PEASE, or production or who have other advanced H.R. 3636: Mr. SKAGGS, Mr. JONES of Geor­ Mr. ATKINS, and Mr. LANTOS. scientific or technical knowledge that could gia, and Mr. MCMILLEN of Maryland. H. Con. Res. 224: Mr. ATKINS. be useful to enterprises in the United States; H.R. 3844: Mrs. UNSOELD, Mr. BLACKWELL, to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. Con. Res. 232: Mr. GILMAN. Mr. COSTELLO, Mr. SOLARZ, Mrs. KENNELLY, H. Con. Res. 246: Mr. LANTOS, Mr. BOUCHER, By Mr. LOWERY of California: and Mr. ABERCROMBIE. H.R. 4293. A bill to provide an extension of Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois, Mr. RAY, Mr. YATES, H.R. 3850: Mr. HARRIS, Mr. OWENS of Utah, and Mr. MCHUGH. time for the payment of Federal income tax Mr. PICKETT, Mr. CHANDLER, Mr. LOWERY of on the nonexcluded portion of the combat California, Mr. QUILLEN, Mr. STUMP, Mr. H. Con. Res. 256: Mr. MFUME, Mr. ANNUN­ pay of members of the Armed Forces of the WYLIE, Mr. CARPER, Mr. JENKINS, Mr. ZIO, Mr. ROSE, Mr. BORSKI, Mr. SHAYS, Mr. United States serving in the Persian Gulf LAROCCO, and Mr. MCCLOSKEY. MANTON, Mrs. SCHROEDER, Ms. PELOSI, Mr. conflict; to the Committee on Ways and H.R. 3857: Mr. JONES of North Carolina. COSTELLO, Mr. TRAFICANT, and Mr. LEVINE of Means. H.R. 3861: Mr. FROST and Mr. VENTO. California. H.R. 3887: Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. H. Res. 272: Mr. FROST, Mr. MCMILLEN of H.R. 3943: Mr. HOUGHTON, Mr. RAMSTAD, Maryland, Mr. MCNULTY, Mr. ERDREICH, Mr. ADDITIONAL SPONSORS and Mr. SPRATT. MARTINEZ, Mr. SKEEN, Mr. BILIRAKIS, and Mr. Under clause 4 of rule XXII, sponsors H.R. 3989: Ms. SLAUGHTER, Mr. FROST, Mr. WALSH. MAZZOLI, Mr. MFUME, Mr. LEVIN of Michigan, H. Res. 359: Mr. BERMAN, Mr. LAFALCE, Mr. were added to public bills and resolu­ and Mrs. LOWEY of New York. SKEEN, Mr. JONES of North Carolina, Mr. tions as follows: H.R. 3990: Mrs. SCHROEDER, Mr. ATKINS, and HORTON, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. PAXON, and Mr. H.R. 20: Mr. SHUSTER and Mr. ATKINS. Mr. FOGLIETTA. WALSH. February 24, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3183 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TIMES OF THE AMERICAS TURNS with Uncle Sam on the front cover in red, papers that did not accept subsidies from the 35 white and blue. Our sales force reported that Batista government. many U.S. companies refused to advertise And in 1961, it was the last independent fearing that to do so would anger Cuban au­ Cuban newspaper operating on the island be­ HON. DANTE B. FASCEI! thorities. Its last edition appeared in Novem­ fore being shut down by Castro's police. OF FLORIDA ber, 1960, when its print shop, cluttered with The Times of Havana was founded by Clar­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a Goss Flatbed press and rows of linotypes ence W. Moore, a native of Michigan, and his brother, the late Carl Moore. Both had spent Monday, February 24, 1992 (those were "hot lead" days), was surrounded by gun-carrying militia, and its editor, the years in the U.S. foreign service. At the time Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I would like to late Carl E. Moore, was jailed for several of the paper's founding, Clarence Moore was bring to the attention of our colleagues the oc­ days. a partner in law firms in Havana and Miami, casion of the 35th anniversary of the publica­ After only a short vacuum it appeared in Florida. tion of the Times of the Americas. ·Miami as The Times of Havana (Caribbean Editor of the newspaper for much of its life in Cuba and responsible for its wide coverage Begun originally as the Times of Havana in Edition), often only four pages and with an erratic publishing schedule. apd witty style was Milton Guss, a highly February 1957, this excellent English-lan­ In those lean years it opened and operated skilled journalist from Omaha, Nebraska, guage weekly newspaper has provided thor­ a Spanish-language bookstore in downtown who later worked as an editor on The Miami ough, intelligent, and unbiased coverage of Miami. Herald, the Washington Daily News and the Cuba and Latin America. I know many of our Its back half was an art gallery, and its Pacific Stars and Stripes. colleagues rely on it as part of their own deci­ highly publicized show of Cuban caricatur­ In late 1957, the newspaper moved to its sionmaking process on issues affecting the ists earned a full page in The New York own editorial plant in a building which had Times Magazine, and was picked up by the formerly housed the Cuban magazine Bohe­ Western Hemisphere. mia at Galeano and Trocadero streets in The cofounders of the paper, brothers Clar­ U.S. government and toured South America. In the spring of 1966 it became The Times midtown Havana. ence and Carl Moore, saw the paper through of the Americas, "the only English-language It was published on a Goss Press imported the turmoil of the Cuban revolution, moved to paper in the world entirely dedicated to news from the United States, the copy set by lino­ Miami briefly, and then settled down in Wash­ of Latin_America." types operated by Cuban typographers. Bi­ ington to continue publishing. Carl passed That is a claim it still holds. weekly at the start, it expanded in 1958 to a away some years ago, but Clarence continues thrice-weekly schedule. to produce what has become, for him, a labor [From the Times of the Americas, Feb. 5, By 1959, with the triumph of Castro, The 1992] Times gained increased notoriety. of love. Carlos Todd, a Cuban contributor, pin­ TIMES OF THE AMERICAS TuRNS 35 I would like to bring to the attention of our pointed Castro's steady march toward total colleagues two items that appear in the Feb­ (By Henry Goethals) economic and political control and repres­ ruary 5 edition describing the history of the The first office of The Times of Havana, sion in a series of incisive columns before paper and offer my congratulations to Clar­ precursor of Times of the Americas, was a being forced into exile in 1960. ence W. Moore on this great occasion. small corner room in a print shop at the cor­ In November of that year, the Castro po­ ner of Luz and Compostela Streets in the lice seized The Times plant and briefly jailed A SPECIAL CELEBRATION heart of Old Havana. its editor Carl Moore. The paper resumed (By Clarence W. Moore) Four antique wooden desks holding bat­ publication in Miami in 1961 and moved to Thirty-five years ago this week (or on Feb. tered typewriters lined one wall. A secretary Washington in 1966, expanding its coverage 4, 1957, to be precise), the first edition of The sat in the corner, handling billing and cir­ to include all of the Americas. Times of Havana appeared on the streets of culation. Neon lights hanging from the high Today, thirty-five years later, The Times Cuba's capital city. Its headline read "Saud ceiling provided faint illumination. Linotype continues publishing as Times of the Ameri­ says Arabs will OK Ike's plan" and the story machines whirred and wheezed in the next cas, a twice-monthly newspaper dedicated began: "The plan to use U.S. arms if nec­ room. exclusively to news about Latin America and essary to prevent Communist penetration of A fan in one corner stirred the sluggish, the Caribbean. the Middle East would be agreed to by other tropical air. There was no air conditioning. It has served as a 'prime source of informa­ Arab leaders." As The Times was getting underway, a rev­ tion for hundreds of Latin Americanists in Editorially, it declared that "we will aim olutionary named Fidel Castro-virtually ig­ the United States and has helped train to present the news accurately. Intel­ nored by people in Havana and believed dead scores of journalists, many of whom con­ ligently, we hope. Entertainingly at times. by many-was hiding out in the Sierra tinue to make Latin America their main But always accurately." The first Easy Chair Maestra mountains of eastern Cuba, at­ sphere of interest and activity. noted that The Times intended to "muddle tempting to regroup his small invasion force Purchased from Clarence Moore in late 1990 along in the middle of the road with no point decimated by attack from the Cuban armed by Florida businessman Paul Pope, the news­ to prove, no slant, no preconceived notions forces. paper is currently produced in an office over­ of policy." And a boxed aside read: "Why is The first issue of the new newspaper, dated looking Farragut Square in downtown Wash­ it that Democrats and Republicans always Feb. 4, 1957, signalled the start of a brief but ington, D.C., using a modern desktop-pub­ talk about cutting taxes when they are out exciting experiment in English-language lishing system. Its circulation is now con­ and change their tune when they are in?" journalism at a moment of revolutionary fer­ centrated in the United States, but expand­ Its premise was that most English-lan­ vor and change in Cuba. ing steadily in Puerto Rico and Canada, as guage newspapers in Latin America were During its short 44-month life in Cuba, The well as in Latin America and the Caribbean, aimed solely at the American expatriate Times blossomed as a valuable source of with readers scattered in Europe, Africa and colonies. The Times started out with the world, U.S. and Cuban news, serving a wide Asia. idea that it would also reach out to all Eng­ range of English-speaking Cubans and busi­ Jon Basil Utley, a former associate editor lish-speaking Cubans. Readership grew rap­ nesses as well as members of Cuba's exten­ of The Times and now a commentator for the idly and after only two years it had pur­ sive American colony and tourists. Voice of America, observed that The Times chased machinery to become a daily when The 24-page tabloid quickly became the has made a major contribution to journalism Fidel Castro interrupted the process. most widely read English-language publica­ and to inter-American understanding. In the fall of 1960, with Fidel Castro in tion in Cuba as well as a scrappy defender of In 1967, on the occasion of the 10th anniver­ power, the paper was honored by the Inter­ press freedom under the government of sary of the newspaper, Vice President Hubert American Press Association for its "coura­ President Fulgencio Batista and-briefly, as H. Humphrey, an ardent supporter of U.S.­ geous stand in defiance of the Castro dicta­ it turned out-under the revolutionary Cas­ Latin American understanding, wrote to torship." tro regime which followed. publisher Clarence Moore: A sidelight: On July 4, 1960, well into the It was honored by the Inter-American "I know that in its early years in Havana Castro regime, it published a 76-page issue Press Association as one of two Cuban news- your paper demonstrated a rare and

•This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 3184 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 24, 1992 courageous determination under the most ROBERT FOWLER, HONORED organization of, by, and for parents of public difficult circumstances. PRINCIPAL school children. "It is a tribute to you and to your staff In the fall of 1972 a group of parents from that your paper has not only survived all parts of Philadelphia bonded together in re­ confiscation by a regime that fears the free . HON. ILEANA ROS.LEHTINEN sponse to a 3-month school strike. This group word, but has increased its scope as its first OF FLORIDA of parents became Parents Union. In the two decade comes to a close:" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The newspaper's continued success and decades since its founding, the Parents Union longevity emphasize the words of the late Monday, February 24, 1992 has made an outstanding contribution to the John O'Rourke, then editor of The Washing­ Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I am community. ton Daily News, who wrote in the early 1960s: pleased to recognize Robert Fowler, who has The primary purpose of Parents Union is to "The Times of Havana is proof of the old been honored by the Dade County public secure a quality education for the students of saying that nothing is harder to start than a Philadelphia's public school system. The union good newspaper and nothing is harder to school system as being one of its best admin­ kill." istrators. He was one of seven candidates has grown from a completely volunteer organi­ chosen to compete for an award. zation to a current staff of parent organizers, [From the Times of Americas, Feb. 5, 1992) As prir.cipal of the North Miami Beach High special education advocates, and board mem­ VIOLENCE ESCALATES ON EVE OF PEACE TALKS School, Mr. Fowler encourages students to get bers, all of whom are public school parents. BOGOTA.-Colombian guerrillas have involved in community service, such as distrib­ As an independent organization funded by pri­ stepped up their attacks in recent days and uting food for the poor and programs dealing vate grants and donations, the Parents Union threatened to kill a former minister if the with abused children. He was recently fea­ is able to tackle a broad range of issues af­ Colombian army does not halt its attacks in tured in the Miami Herald for this extraordinary fecting our public school system. the northern part of the country. dedication and commitment to education. The Parents Union helps individual parents and The renewed guerrilla activity has sharply article, "NMB Principal Believes in Kids," by students by supplying information and assist­ increased the level of violence in the country Grace Lim, reveals why he is su admired by ance about the school system and school is­ less than 10 days before the start of a ·second sues, providing parent advocates to help solve round of peace negotiations between the gov­ students and colleagues. The article follows: ernment of President Cesar Gaviria and the The principal of North Miami Beach High school disputes, informing parents of their Simon Bolivar Guerrilla Coordinating Group School likens himself to a mayor of a small rights, and serving as an educational resource scheduled for Feb. 10. city of 2,700. to parents. Guerrillas of the National Liberation Robert Fowler knows in his school, as in Because of the willingness of the parents of Army (ELN), one of Colombia's two remain­ any city, there are good and bad elements. Philadelphia school children to devote so ing large rebel factions, released business­ But to him, the good that comes from his much time and so many resources to the com­ man Juan Arvalo Jan. 30 with a message for students and staff the greatly outweighs the munity, the Parents Union has become a tre­ the government stating that they will not be bad. mendous positive force for the enhancement responsible for the life of Argelino Duran, a "A principal is really only a coordinator of of the Philadelphia school system. For that, former minister, if the army continues its the efforts of the employees," and said. "I operations in the northern part of the coun­ can sit here and have all kinds of wonderful Mr. Speaker, I would like to salute the Parents try. ideas, but where the rubber meets the road is Union for Public Schools in Philadelphia. The kidnapping of the 72-year-old Duran, a out there. It's the teachers, the kids and the popular political figure, has caused outrage community who make it all work." in Colombia and led to a growing demand Fowler encourages students to participate THE INCLUSION OF AMERICAN that the government effect his release. in community service. Every month up to 60 SAMOA IN THE EMERGENCY The guerrilla ultimatum follows a period students help distribute food to the poor and LIVESTOCK FEED ASSISTANCE of escalating violence in which airlifted elderly at the North Miami Beach food dis­ PROGRAM army units are reportedly pursuing a large tribution center. Other students have started guerrilla column through a dense jungle area their own community service organizations, some 280 miles north of Bogota. including programs that help abused chil­ HON. ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA In recent days both sides have traded blows dren and kids with terminal illnesses. OF AMERICAN SAMOA and inflicted casualties. On Jan. 29, army As a way to bolster school pride, Fowler IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES units counterattacked and killed 15 members began weekly announcement·citing the aca­ Monday, February 24, 1992 of a guerrilla column which had raided an demic and extracurricular achievements of encampment of Construccion de Obras de the students and staff. Every nine weeks, he Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, today I Ingenieria, a French-Argentine consortium, sends a newsletter to parents about their am introducing legislation to amend the Agri­ in Antioquia. children's good works. cultural Act of 1949 to make American Samoa Earlier, on Jan. 26, ELN guerrillas killed "Kids generally are good," he said. "And eligible for emergency livestock feed assist­ at least 11 soldiers and wounded seven others we, in the society, don't do enough to tell ance. This program will provide critically need­ in two ambushes in Casabe and Valdivia, lo­ them that." ed emergency feed assistance for the preser­ cated some 180 miles north of Bogota. Mr. Speaker, I commend Robert Fowler for vation and maintenance of livestock in Amer­ The government announced, meanwhile, that peace talks are scheduled to resume in his outstanding achievements as teacher and ican Samoa in the event of disease, insect in­ Caracas Feb. 10. Originally planned for Feb. administrator. His devotion to education is an festation, flood, drought, fire, hurricane, earth­ 1, the talks were postponed largely to permit inspiration to all teachers and principals in quake, storm, hot weather, or other natural leaders of both groups to reach the Ven­ Dade County and around the Nation. disaster. ezuela capital. Mr. Speaker, this is yet another example of Meanwhile, the designation by the ELN of a vital program extended to all 50 States, Nicolas Rodriguez and Francisco Galan, the TRIBUTE TO THE PARENTS UNION Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam, but number two and number three leaders, re­ FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS not American Samoa.' I believe this may have spectively, of the guerrilla group, as its rep­ been an oversight when the other three insular resentatives at the Caracas talks was taken here as in indication that the guerrilla com­ HON. ROBERT A. BORSKI areas were added to this program in 1988 leg­ mand was considering resuming the peace OF PENNSYLVANIA islation. negotiations in earnest. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American Samoa is in one of the most The Gaviria government, in turn, 'has des­ weather-turbulent areas of the world. Within ignated Horacio Serpa, a former interior Monday, February 24, 1992 the last 2 years, Samoa was devastated by minister, as its representative in Caracas. Mr. BORSKI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in two hurricanes with winds in excess of 150 The designation of Serpa, an ideological recognition of the 20th anniversary of the miles per hour. The most recent of the two, member of the left wing of the ruling Liberal founding of the Parents Union for Public Hurricane Val, struck the islands of Samoa for Party, was well received by the guerrilla Schools. 4 days in December last year and destroyed command. Started initially in June of last year, the The Parents Union for Public Schools in 95 percent of subsistence crops and approxi­ peace talks were broken off in November as Phifadelphia is made up of parents united to mately 60 percent of housing units. the two sides failed to agree on terms for a work for better public schools. It is an inde­ The farmers in Samoa were not covered ceasefire. pendent, voluntary, citywide, and multiracial under any agricultural emergency programs February 24, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3185 until last month when the U.S. Department of ing such brave Democrats as Barney Frank Still, it cannot be taken away from Mr. Agriculture included the Territory in the Crop of Massachusetts and Anthony Beilenson of Buchanan that he not only has introduced Loss Assistance Program. However, the live­ California. The Democratic leadership is em­ anti-Semitism into the mainstream of Amer­ barrassed by the franking abuses, but is stock, dairy, and poultry farmers still remain ican politics, but has made it acceptable, re­ quietly moving to sidetrack the Thomas re­ spectable enough to ignore-and potentially without assistance from the Federal Govern­ forms by attaching it to the legislative ap­ profitable. ment and private resources. propriations bill. That bill is unlikely to be In New Hampshire, the press paid only I believe this legislation will help relieve the approved until September, by which time fleeting attention to his anti-Semitism. critical need for emergency assistance faced Members will have completed all the out-of­ That was better than President Bush and the by Samoa's livestock, dairy, and poultry farm­ district mailings their hearts desire. Democrats, who paid none. ers in the wake of disasters such as Hurricane Such flimflammery has proved too much Political bigots everywhere will correctly for Roll Cali's editorialists, who normally draw the lessons. And they had better be Val. make the best case possible for Congress's learned by all people who consider Mr. Bu­ Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to pass outrageous behavior. They noted that the chanan just one more politician, all politi­ this bill during this Congress. Thomas reforms may have no practical limit cians who failed to condemn his cracks about on franking until the next time districts are Jews and "Zulus" and those journalists who redrawn-in the year 2002. Roll Call warned ran from confrontation with their good old FAT-FREE FRANK that "If Congress proceeds on its current pal. They had better learn damned quick be­ path, perhaps term limits will have chased fore they hear the bell tolling too close to everyone now in the House from office any­ their ears. HON. NEWT GINGRICH way." At the very least. Mr. Buchanan now has earned close atten­ OF GEORGIA tion as a political propagandist. For years he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will be using his new prominence, and his THE DEAFENING SOUND OF SI­ regular TV appearances and column to re­ Monday, February 24, 1992 LENCE: THE LACK OF RESPON­ cast American conservatism in his particular Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, I would like to SIBLE CRITICISM OF PATRICK mixture of populism and religious and racial insert for the RECORD the following Wall Street BUCHANAN'S RACISM AND ANTI­ divisiveness. If he succeeds, it will change Journal editorial. I urge the Committee on the texture of American life. SEMITISM But he is just as important as a vivid ex­ House Administration to report H.R. 4104 by ample of the increasing social and political Mr. Thomas to the floor for consideration im­ HON. TOM I.ANTOS acceptability of racism and bigotry in the in­ mediately. OF CALIFORNIA tellectual and political life of the country. FAT-FREE FRANK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For years now it has been there to see and smell-in anti-Semitic speeches at campus One of the reasons for the public's cyni­ Monday, February 24, 1992 cism about Congress is that when Members rallies, in college ads denying the Holocaust, try to reform the institution, their efforts Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, while the out­ in violently bigoted pop and rap lyrics sold often turn out to be a sham. Take the issue come of Tuesday's Presidential primary was to millions and clear except to music critics of franking, the practice by which Members clearly more of a vote against George Bush who left their brains in the piano stool, in carpet-bomb constituents with taxpayer­ TV air time given to skinheads to vilify than a vote for Patrick Buchanan, it is ex­ blacks. funded propaganda hyping their accomplish­ tremely troubling that a man with as clear a And now we come to the point where a ments. In 1990, the public outcry over frank­ history of ethnic, racial and religious intoler­ Presidential candidate's record of carefully ing forced the House to place a formal limit ance as Patrick Buchanan is seen as a credi­ crafted insults is hardly even discussed dur­ on the amount of mail a Member could send ing the campaign. out. But the limit still allows a wide variety ble candidate for the highest office in the land. Unfortunately, Mr. Buchanan's record of in­ The responsibility for this phenomenon of abuses. does not rest simply on the bigots-what else Roll Call; the Capitol Hill newspaper, re­ tolerance and xenophobia has not been the subject of sufficient attention by political lead­ did we expect? It rests on blacks who partici­ ports that in just two days last month more pate in or ignore anti-Semitism, on whites than 58 million newsletters and notices were ers or the national media. I suspect that when who get all upset when blacks get even a few mailed by House Members. That's enough to his often shocking and defamatory views are of the special, essential breaks in life that reach more than half the mailboxes in the given the attention they deserve, he, and his they themselves always enjoyed. nation. candidacy, will be judged harshly by the Amer­ It rests on those journalistic friends-and But some Members aren't satisfied with ican people. TV partners-of Mr. Buchanan who tell us he just mailing to their current constituents. The truth of the matter is that Patrick Bu­ really is a charming fellow even if he talks a Dozens of Members are taking advantage of chanan represents an ugly past in American little too bluntly. It rests on people like Wil­ a loophole in the House Rules to mail to peo­ liam Buckley, who agree now that Mr. Bu­ ple outside their districts. Because the na­ politics. His narrowminded vision for America chanan 1id after all say anti-Semitic things tion's congressional districts are being and his divisive, negative tactics pose a great but then tell us they would vote for him in redrawn this year, Members are allowed to threat to the future of this Nation. He must not New Hampshire as a message to Mr. Bush. send mass mailings to areas that may be be underestimated. What message? Anti-Semitism is less offen­ added to their district for the November The New York Times columnist A.M. Rosen­ sive than raising taxes? election and to counties that border their thal has written an excellent article on the dis­ With a few staunch exceptions, Washington current district. The excuse is that a Mem­ turbing phenomenon of Patrick Buchanan. columnists and commentators looked ber should be able to "introduce" himself to Most importantly, he argues that people who straight at Mr. Buchanan's statements and potential constituents. The practical effect innuendos-looked, and ran. They stayed is to discourage challengers from filing should know better have indirectly helped his friends and admirers right through his against incumbents, and to make it more dif­ cause-Mr. Buchanan's campaign has thrived trashing of Holocaust truth, through his irri­ ficult for those brave challengers who do run because his intolerable rhetoric has been met tation of Catholic-Jewish sensibilities, to win. with deafening silence and apparent indiffer­ through his cracks about how Congress was Rep. Bill Thomas of California has intro­ ence. Israeli-occupied territory and Democrats the duced legislation to level the political play­ Mr. Speaker, I ask that Mr. Rosenthal's arti­ poodles of the Israeli lobby. These Washing­ ing field a bit by closing such franking loop­ cle be printed in today's RECORD and that my ton experts needed no translation: the Israeli holes. He says the potential for abuse is colleagues give it the thoughtful and serious lobby gets its money and votes not from Je­ mind-boggling. Because he represents a cor­ attention it deserves. rusalem but from American Jews legally and ner of Los Angeles County, Rep. Thomas morally supporting a cause close to them. could send mail to residents of all the adjoin­ [From the New York Times, Feb. 14, 1992) The cesspool was plumbed when Mr. Bu­ ing counties-a big advantage if he ran for ON MY MIND: VICTORY FOR BUCHANAN chanan said in August 1990 that only the Is­ statewide office. "l could mail to two-thirds (By A.M. Rosenthal) raeli Defense Ministry and its " amen cor­ of the state's residents, if I could afford it," Patrick Buchanan already has achieved a ner" in the U.S. were beating the war drums. he says. remarkable victory in the New Hampshire That was a lie-a lie, and as plain a piece of Even traditional defenders of congressional primary. It will stand no matter what the deliberate evil as ever uttered on TV. It perks, such as Brookings Institution scholar vote spread. meant watch out, the Jews are trying to Thomas Mann, can't justify this latest abuse He could not have done it alone. He had drag your children into war for foreign pur­ of power. Rep. Thomas has more than 50 co­ the help of American journalists and politi­ poses. From the Beltway, came the sound of sponsors for his franking-reform bill. includ- cians. silence. 3186 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 24, 1992 Top politicians matched journalists in mentation on this point undercuts the case fects on marginally solvent institutions. En­ courage. Mr. Bush never suggests. heavens for further funding because many in Con­ closed is a more detailed explanation of no, that Mr. Buchanan's anti-Semitism gress have chosen to ignore what they per­ these costs prepared by my staff. might be at least one reason to vote against ceive to be unsubstantiated claims. As the enclosed analysis indicates, delay­ him. Last November, Congress provided RTC ing the resolution process, even for only a And not one of the five candidates of the with an additional $25 billion in loss author­ short period of time, is quite costly. I urge other party thought Mr. Buchanan's anti­ ity. This authority expires on April 1, 1992. you to provide the RTC with sufficient ap­ semitism an issue worth mentioning. These Unless Congress acts to provide additional propriations to carry out its mission by no people-they are Democrats? funds before then, RTC will once again expe­ later than mid-March so that unnecessary So the victory is Mr. Buchanan's, the re­ rience delays in its operations. We under­ costs do not begin to mount. Additional spectable, acceptable, charming Buchanan's. stand that the April 1, 1992 funding deadline funds will eventually have to be appropriated What's more, he has refused to withdraw, re­ may already be adding to RTC costs by lim­ in order to fulfill the government's obliga­ tract or soften his anti-Semitic insults. iting its resolution activity to those institu­ tion to insured depositors. Delay only wors­ Please note. This man is keeping his powder tions which can be closed by that date. The ens the situation and in no way serves any dry. size of such losses might be reduced if Con­ purpose. gress had a better understanding of the costs I appreciate your interest and look forward of such delay. to working with you. If you have any ques­ CONGRESSIONAL DELAYS COST It would therefore be helpful if RTC pro­ tions, please let me know. $500 MILLION vided Congress with a careful analysis of the Sincerely, causes and magnitude of such delays. This ALBERT V. CASEY, analysis should focus on those costs that are President and CEO. HON. WIWS D. GRADISON, JR. due solely to Congressional inaction and RTC STAFF ANALYSIS OF OHIO should provide information on both the rea­ Delay in the resolution process is costly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sons for and the magnitude of past costs. To because some, although not all, of the oper­ the extent possible, specific examples of ad­ Monday, February 24, 1992 ating expenses of conservatorships are low­ ditional costs should be provided. Finally, we ered or eliminated at resolution. In particu­ Mr. GRADISON. Mr. Speaker, we all know would like to know by what date Congress lar. before an institution is closed, its nega­ that, by refusing to provide the necessary ap­ must provide further funding to avoid such tive net worth and assets are funded at the propriations, Congress has repeatedly delayed losses in the future. institution's cost of funds. After resolution, We expect that much of the analysis re­ the Resolution Trust Corporation's efforts to negative net worth and remaining assets are quested in this letter has already been per­ funded at a government cost of funds. While resolve failed savings and loans. On April 1 of formed by your staff. We would therefore this year, the RTC will once again have to downsizing durtng conservatorship and high hope that it could be collected and presented cost funds replacement serve to lower a cease its operations unless Congress acts be­ by February 15 to give Congress sufficient conservatorship's cost of funds, they cannot fore then to extend its spending authority. Un­ time to act on it. Please advise us if this completely eliminate the government cost of fortunately, many Members of Congress re­ date is not attainable. · funds advantage. main unaware of the costs of these delays. Sincerely, The cost of funds differential between Last month, Senator DOMENIC! and I asked the PETE DOMENIC!, conservatorships and 1-year Treasury bor­ Ranking Republican, rowings at yearend 1991 was approximately RTC to document the magnitude of these Senate Budget Committee. costs and to forecast how they would grow if 180 basis points. Compared to historical dif­ BILL GRADISON, ferences, this is a high differential. The rea­ Congress once again fails to act in a timely Ranking Republican, son for this high differential is that short­ manner. The RTC's response shows that past House Budget Committee. term interest rates dropped rapidly toward delays have already cost the taxpayer be­ the end of 1991 while deposits repriced much tween $400 and $500 million. Unless Con­ RESOLUTION TRUST CORPORATION, more slowly. However, even during the third gress provides more funding by mid-March, Washington, DC, February 20, 1992. quarter of calendar year 1991, when interest these losses will begin growing again by $2 to Hon. WILLIS D. GRADISON, Jr., rates did not decline as rapidly as they de­ $3 million per day. The letter from Senator Ranking Minority Member, Committee on the clined during the fourth quarter, the dif­ Budget, House of Representatives, Washing­ DOMENIC! and myself, as well as the RT C's re­ ferential was approximately 115 basis points. ton, DC. Assuming a 115-basis-point differential, that sponse, are printed below. DEAR MR. GRADISON: Thank you for your approximately 20 percent of a CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, co-signed letter asking for further expla­ conservatorship's liabilities can be replaced COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET, nation of the cost to the American taxpayer with lower cost funds, and that the replaced Washington, DC, January 17, 1992. of delaying funding for the Resolution Trust funds cost an average of 150 basis points Mr. Albert V. Casey, Chairman, Corporation. above the institution's average cost of funds, Resolution Trust Corporation, Washington, DC. Since the fall of 1990, the RTC has had to resolution lowers funding cost by approxi­ DEAR CHAIRMAN CASEY: We are writing to postpone almost two quarters of resolution mately 50 basis points. request an analysis of the costs of congres­ activity due to inadequate funding. We esti­ In addition to lowering funding costs, reso­ sional delays in providing the Resolution mate that, in the aggregate, the cost of this lution eliminates noninterest expenses asso­ Trust Corporation with sufficient appropria­ delay was $400 million to $500 million. Last ciated with gathering liabilities such as tions to carry out its responsibilities. November, Congress provided the RTC with branch employee salaries, marketing, etc. As you know, Congress has chosen to fund $25 billion in loss funds, but the availability According to Functional Cost Analysis data, RTC with current, definite appropriations of these funds expires on April 1, 1992. If Con­ compiled by the Federal Reserve Board, rather than providing it with permanent, in­ gress does not provide the RTC with addi­ noninterest expenses associated with gather­ definite authority, which we would prefer. tional loss funds by mid-March 1992-when ing liabilities at thrifts comes to approxi­ Periodically, RTC has exhausted its funding the RTC would normally begin marketing in­ mately 1.15 percent of assets. authority, forcing it to delay the pace of res­ stitutions for resolution during the second Combining the Government's cost of funds olutions while awaiting action by Congress. quarter of the calendar year-losses due to advantage with the noninterest expenses Supporters of further funding, including our­ inadequate funding will once again begin to that are eliminated at resolution yields a. selves, have argued that such action is un­ mount up. quarterly cost of delay of .38 percent of as­ avoidable and that delays only act to in­ We estimate that a one-quarter delay sets, or $3.8 million for each quarter that the crease the eventual cost of resolving failed would result in unrecoverable costs of ap­ resolution of a billion dollars of assets is de­ savings and loans. proximately $200 to $250 million, while two layed. Congress first delayed RTC funding in the quarters of consecutive delay would result in Based on the information the RTC cur­ fall of 1990. Full funding was not provided unrecoverable costs of approximately $600 to rently has from the Office of Thrift Super­ until the spring of 1991. Estimates of the cost $900 million. The cost of two quarters of con­ vision regarding this 1992 caseload, if the of delay reached hundreds of millions of dol­ secutive delay is more than twice the cost of RTC were to receive uninterrupted loss fund­ lars. More recently, Congress delayed fund­ one quarter's delay because the longer the ing, it would resolve institutions with assets ing for RTC during the fall of 1991. At the period of delay, the longer it takes to catch of approximately $33 billion, $45 billion, and time, there were reports that the cost of up. These estimates exclude nonquantifiable $27 billion, respectively, during the last delay was $8 million per day. These numbers factors such as the deterioration of franchise three quarters of calendar year 1992. If fund­ have been widely quoted but, to the best of values of institutions that remain longer in ing were delayed one quarter, the resolution our knowledge, no detailed justification for conservatorship than would otherwise be of institutions scheduled to be closed during them exists. In our view, the lack of docu- necessary, and their adverse competitive ef- the second quarter of the calendar year-in- February 24, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3187 stitutions holding approximately $33 billion dian Hammocks Park and Tropical Park, casting in the months ahead. I extend my in assets-would be delayed. However, the both several miles away. warmest congratulations to you Mr. Director, RTC could not flood the market and make up "It was a well thought out program," said and to Mr. Untermeyer as you kick off the next the entire $33 billion in delayed resolutions Mijalis. "It was truly a grass roots effort." in one quarter. Mijalis said community leaders also were 50 years. Rather, since $45 billion of resolutions are impressed by the group's diverse ethnic and I have been asked to address how I see the already anticipated for the third calendar national mix, which include Haitian, Jamai­ VOA today and in the future. Well, VOA has quarter, it might make up one-third, or Sll can and Hispanic couples. always been somewhat of an enigma. It is b1llion, in the third quarter of the calendar Neighbor Marlene Miles started the effort asked to perform functions that may some­ year, and the remaining $22 billion in the last fall when· she saw the contest advertised times seem contradictory. On the one hand, fourth quarter. Under such circumstances, in The Herald's Neighbors section. VOA is the policy voice of the United States. the one quarter delay in funding would cause She and de Pablo came up with the park On the other hand, it broadcasts accurate and Sll billion in assets to be delayed one quarter idea, then got support from neighbors Donna and $22 billion to be delayed two quarters. At Russo, Frances del Pino and Dulce and Ben­ objective news and information around the a cost of $3.8 million for each quarter that jamin Martinez. De Pablo mailed off the pro­ world. Given the VOA's charter, to articulate the resolution of Sl billion of assets is de­ posal and forgot about it until Mijalis called U.S. policy and to serve as an accurate, ob­ layed, this translates into a cost of delay of last week. jective, and comprehensive source of news, slightly over $200 million. If, for some rea­ De Pablo, however, said the project has run there is ample potential for tension where son-perhaps because the actual caseload into a snag since the announcement. VOA's diplomatic and journalistic mandates during the last quarter of calendar year 1992 State law requires the playground to have collide. turns out to be higher than currently antici­ a handicapped entrance. The group also If VOA is to continue on its course of broad­ needs to fence the playground, which they pated-the $33 billion in delayed resolutions casting more targeted news to certain areas of is spread out evenly over three quarters, the did not include in the budget. total cost of delay would come to approxi­ DePablo, the mother of two boys, said she the world, then it must maintain an atmos­ mately $250 m1llion. remains optimistic and hopes the county or phere of journalistic freedom in spite of these If funding were delayed two quarters, the somebody else will help out. Said Miles, who tensions. This is where strong leadership of RTC would have fallen behind by $88 billion has three children: "The children are very the Agency and of the Voice are necessary to in resolutions by the time funding is author­ excited. All they want is the monkey bars." set and defend the standards of independence ized. Depending on the RTC's caseload dur­ Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to bring to my and professional journalism. This is the point ing calendar year 1993, it is likely to take colleagues' attention a few of my constituents on which the future structure of U.S. Govern­ two to four quarters to completely make up who are actively working to make south Flor­ ment broadcasting will rest. Surrogacy may for such a delay. At a cost of $3.8 m1llion for each quarter that the resolution of $1 billion ida a more pleasant place for children. Con­ not be the magic word in formulating our fu­ of assets is delayed, this would translate to gratulations on a job well done to Maria de ture policies, but truth is. VOA has the flexibil­ a total cost of delay of $600 million to $900 Pablo, Marlene Miles, Donna Russo, Frances ity in this charter to deliver some of the same million. del Pino, and Dulce and Benjamin Martinez. goods as surrogate radio. But the question is whether the diplomats and journalists can make it work and whether the administration A TRIBUTE TO FIVE SNAPPER THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE and the Congress can deliver the resources to CREEK FAMILIES VOICE OF AMERICA make it work. I don't have to tell you that VOA is already HON. ILEANA ROS.LEHTINEN HON. DANI'E B. FASCEll changing to meet the demands of the next 50 OF FLORIDA OF FLORIDA years. There is broad support in the Commit­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tee on Foreign Affairs for a Voice that targets a portion of its news and information to the re­ Monday, February 24, 1992 Monday, February 24, 1992 gion or country to which it is broadcasting. Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I would Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, this is an There is also support for the role of VOA as like to congratulate five Snapper Creek fami­ amazing time to be celebrating the 50th anni­ educator-not only in English language train­ lies who have won $1,000 in the Junior versary of the Voice of America-a time when ing, but in the rudiments of free enterprise and League of Miami's good neighbors contest. the most unlikely governments are celebrating democracy to those governments entering the Maria de Pablo, Marlene Miles, Donna Russo, the Voice. Who would have thought several community of democratic nations and trying to Frances del Pino, and Dulce and Benjamin years ago that Mikhail Gorbachev would sa­ establish viable economic systems in the Martinez are anxious to use their winnings to lute VOA? Who would have predicted that world economy. The information age is also build a playground for the many children that Boris Yeltsin would call on the VOA to dis­ an education age. Without training, individuals live in their Snapper Creek neighborhood. In a seminate his words during a coup attempt? At will not be able to adapt and adjust to rapidly Miami Herald article entitled "Parents Win age 50, the Voice is in its prime and can only changing societies. $1,000 for a Playground," Manny Garcia re­ improve with age and experience. You have In performing its role as a builder of democ­ ports on the five Snapper Creek families' am­ received the thanks of nations now attempting racy, VOA can move closer to its place in a bitions of winning the Junior League's contest: to embrace democracy. I thank you for giving truly integrated public diplomacy policy that Tired of not having a nearby playground me the opportunity to add my thanks and my helps to accomplish foreign policy goals. Such for their children, five Snapper Creek fami­ congratulations. expanded functions will demand the greater lies decided to do something about it last It wasn't so long ago that VOA was jammed participation of USIA in the policymaking proc­ year. They entered a contest to win $1,000 to overseas and that some officials and media in ess, through the National Security Council. build a small playground. They won last our own country questioned the expenditure of Today the Voice of America is a symbol of week. public funds on what they call propaganda. a United States that did not shy away from its "I had no idea we were going to win," said Today the jamming has virtually ceased and prominent place in the world. It is an example Maria de Pablo, who lives in the 10800 block of Snapper Creek Drive. "I was very excited. the clamor appears to be for more broadcast­ of our commitment to the free flow of informa­ There's a lot of kids out here, but there's ing of every kind. You have proven the worth tion and a recognition that the United States nothing for the little ones to do." of a U.S. Government broadcasting service. should take the lead in delivering that basic De Pablo and her group are among seven You are survivors of the ebbs and flows of human right. VOA proclaims our engagement entrants that each won Sl,000 in the Junior public opinion, and victors in the cold war. It in the world rather than a retreat into isolation. League of Miami's Good Neighbors Contest. is my pleasure to congratulate all of you-jour­ I am a firm believer that VOA is an instrument Contest chairwoman Elaine Mijalis said nalists, engineers, and managers-for bringing that can continue to figure prominently in our winners were picked based on their project's VOA the acclaim it has received during such vision of a more peaceful world. ability to solve a problem in the community. The Snapper Creek group submitted a plan a time of transition in the world. This country needs an official voice that can to build a small playground along the banks Let me also say that your Director, Ambas­ anticipate the repercussion around the world of the Snapper Creek canal. The canal bank sador Henry Catto, is the man to have at the of changes in U.S. policy and ensure that currently has a bike path and exercise helm of USIA as we navigate the waters of these policies are properly explained. At a course. The closest parks for childreT\ ""re In- whither U.S. Government international broad- time when many new nations are looking to 3188 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 24, 1992 the United States for guidance, VOA is a sym­ BIOGRAPHIES OF CHIEF hostage, the settlers were able to arrange bol of the values that we cherish. POWHATAN AND POCAHONTAS ransom terms: English prisoners and goods were returned, and Pocahontas was restored I have always believed that the United to her father. States should broadcast to our friends as well HON. ENI F.H. FALEOMA VAEGA But while she was living among the Eng­ as to countries whose governments hold U.S. OF AMERICAN SAMOA lish at Jamestown, Pocahontas had met IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES John Rolfe, "an honest gentleman and of policies in contempt or who attempt to control good behaviour," as records of the time de­ information flows. The future Voice should be Monday, February 24, 1992 scribe him. The two fell in love. After Poca­ a global system, broadcasting to successor Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, hontas had been converted to Christianity generations in Europe, and reaching audi­ through Public Law 102-188 (S.J. Res. 217, and baptized under the name of " the Lady Rebecca," she and Rolfe were married. ences in other parts of the world where our H.J. Res. 342), Congress and the President The match was much to the benefit of Eng­ signal is weak or nonexistent. But a global designated 1992 as the Year of the American lish colonists, for Powhatan kept peace with broadcasting system will face a competitive Indian. This law pays tribute to the people who them until his death in 1618. environment from other government and pri­ first inhabited the land now known as the con­ In 1616, Mr. and Mrs. Rolfe and several vate broadcasters. Competition will require us tinental United States. Although only symbolic, other Indians accompanied Jamestown Gov­ ernor Thomas Dale to England, where Poca­ to understand and serve the needs and inter­ this gesture is important because it shows there is sympathy in the eyes of a majority of hontas was received as a princess. She lived ests of particular audiences in various regions happily there until, at about 22, she died of both Houses of the Congress for those Indian of the world. smallpox. Her only son, Thomas Rolfe, re­ issues wt)ich we as a Congress have been turned as a young man to the home of his My immediate concern for the future of U.S. struggling with for over 200 years. mother, and later founded one of America's government broadcasting is that decisions not In support of the Year of the American In­ most distinguished families-the Randolphs be made by the budget knife, but be the result dian, and as part of my on-going series this of Virginia. Several remnant groups, rep­ of long-term policy analysis. We must set a year, I am providing for the consideration of resentative of the historic Powhatan Confed­ high priority for communications in our foreign my colleagues a short biography of Chief eracy, are found today in Virginia. Of these, Powhatan and his daughter Pocahontas. This the Pamunkey and Mattaponi are best policy budget, and not pit these moneys known. against refugee assistance or post openings in biography was taken from a U.S. Department the Commonwealth of Independent States. of the Interior publication entitled "Famous In­ dians, A Collection of Short Biographies." And if we don't have the funds at this moment DAY OF RECOGNITION OF PHIL­ to make the Voice of America into the ex­ POWHATAN AND POCAHONTAS IPPINE WORLD WAR II VETER­ panded, global service we want it to be, the When English settlers founded Jamestown ANS Colony in 1607, all of what is now Tidewater Congress and the administration must work to­ Virginia was occupied by a confederacy of gether to divine the structure and broadcasting Algonquin Indian tribes headed by a power­ HON. CHARLFS E. BENNETT priorities of U.S. Government broadcasting in ful chief known as Powhatan (his proper OF FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a manner that will allow the radio or radios to name was Wahunsonacock). Although Chief Powhatan could easily have destroyed the Monday, February 24, 1992 evolve to meet the needs of our foreign policy. entire young colony, he and his people were As the question of programming and deliv­ generally friendly during the pioneers' first Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, I introduced a joint resolution to designate April 9, 1992, as ery systems is debated, we must also debate difficult years. Capt. John Smith, the English colony's a Day of Recognition of Philippine World War technology issues. To be sure, we cannot at leader, described Powhatan as a tall, dig­ II Veterans and I encourage Members of Con­ this time afford redundant broadcast facilities. nified man in his 60's, with a grim suspicious gress to join me in this. VOA and RFE/RL have shared broadcasting face and a reputation for cruelty to anyone I had the privilege of serving in the 33d In­ facilities with good effect. VOA has also who got in his way. fantry Division in the Philippines in World War moved to new frequencies in areas where But Powhatan had a very soft heart for his 11; and after our capture of Baguio, the sum­ "dearest daughter," Pocahontas, a girl of shortwave audiences were declining. But as a about 13 at the time of the English arrival. mer capital of the Philippines, I was privileged government, we need to set a logical frame­ Many legends have grown up around Poca­ as a guerrilla to ~ght in the northern Luzon work for global U.S. Government broadcasting hontas. One of the most famous of these tells mountains for the freedom of our ally, the Phil­ as we evolve into new technologies in different that when John Smith, having intruded too ippines. So, it is with a feeling of nostalgia and regions of the world. Our first priority for the far on Indian territory, was captured and great love for the Philippine people and their about to be beheaded at Powhatan's order, future of U.S. Government broadcasting great country that I introduce this resolution Pocahontas saved his life by throwing herself today. I would not be alive today if it had not should be to build a modern network to broad­ over his body. Then, the story continues, been for the Philippine guerrillas I fought Powhatan, yielding to Pocahontas' pleas, cast clearly and effectively, no matter what our alongside in those days now long distant past. ultimate message may be. pardoned the English leader and sent him back to Jamestown in peace. The resolution I have introduced is as fol­ I don't have a crystal ball that forecasts the In 1609, making a diplomatic effort to lows: future of VOA, surrogate services, or the birth maintain the Indians' good will, the English H.J. RES. - of a Radio Free China. My crystal ball can't settlers crowned Chief Powhatan king of the Whereas, upon the outbreak of war be­ even tell you how the birds will migrate over territory. Much pomp and ceremony went tween the United States and Japan in World along with the crowning, but, according to War II, 110,000 members of the organized the Israeli relay station. What is clear is that Captain Smith, it was not a complete suc­ military forces of the Government of the America still needs the Voice. cess. Powhatan was more interested in the Commonwealth of the Philippines who had I am sure that all of you at the Voice have gifts which went along with the event than been called into the service of the United in the crown itself, and was reluctant to bow States Armed Forces by order of President received birthday greetings in more than the his head even long enough for the crown to Roosevelt dated July 26, 1941, were commit­ 44 languages in which VOA broadcasts. be placed upon it. ted to battle, along with United States per­ These greetings testify that the world still Indian-white relations became less friendly sonnel, against the Imperial Japanese forces needs the Voice. VOA has made many friends after John Smith's return to England, and that invaded the Philippines on December 8, for the United States around the world since promises were broken on both sides. The 1941; English intruded upon Indian lands, and the Whereas April 9, 1992, and May 6, 1992, its beginnings in the days after Pearl Harbor. resentful Powhatans captured settlers and mark the 50th anniversaries of the fall of Ba­ Let me congratulate all of you on this anniver­ made off with colonists' belongings. There taan and Corregidor, respectively, to Impe­ sary representing 50 years of service to the were several years of minor warfare. rial Japanese forces; U.S. Government and to the world, for surviv­ In 1613, taking advantage of Powhatan's Whereas the Filipino and United States de­ great love for his daughter, the English de­ fenders of the Philippines engaged Japanese ing the vicissitudes of politics and Federal coyed Pocahontas onto a British ship which forces from the breaches of the Philippine is­ budgets, and for building a fine institution that lay at anchor in the Potomac, and carried lands to the last defense of Bataan and Cor­ represents the ideals of this country overseas. her off to Jamestown. With so valuable a regidor in a grueling battle lasting 150 days; February 24, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3189 Whereas that defense compelled Japan to purchase of two diesel electric submarines? SUPPORT FOR H.R. 2492 divert thousands of additional troops to the Is Egypt seeking U.S. permission to purchase Philippines; the hull sections for these two submarines Whereas the enormous sacrifices of the de­ from Germany and then have them outfitted HON. ROBERT A. BORSKI fenders in the battles of Bataan and Corregi­ in the U.S. using U.S. FMF assistance? What OF PENNSYLVANIA dor provided the United States and its Allies is your position on these matters? Is there IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with valuable time to prepare their armed currently a prohibition against providing the forces for a counteroffensive campaign U.S. funding for the manufacture of any sub­ Monday, February 24, 1992 against Japan; marine for export? Have there been any ex­ Mr. BORSKI. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support Whereas, in that defense, the members of ceptions to this policy in recent years? of H.R. 2492, to repeal the tax on unemploy­ the Filipino forces and their United States I appreciate your consideration of these ment compensation. counterparts struggled against difficult odds general and specific questions and look for­ Congress must right a wrong that took place and desperate circumstances and faced, with ward to an early reply. indomitable spirit, fortitude, and loyalty to With best regards, 6 years ago when we approved a provision of America,. powerful Imperial Japanese forces; Sincerely, the 1986 Tax Act and agreed to fully tax a Whereas members of the Filipino forces ac­ LEE H. HAMILTON , person's unemployment compensation. quitted themselves nobly during the Bataan Chairman, Subcommittee There could be no better time than the death march, during their internment in on Europe and the Middle East. present to correct our mistake. The Nation is death camps, and throughout 3 years of re­ in the depths of a serious recession and to tax sistance against Japanese occupation of the THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, people who are the victims of this crisis is sim­ Philippines; and · Washington, DC, February 6, 1992. ply cruel and inhumane. Whereas the United States recognizes the Hon. LEE H. HAMILTON, In my own city of Philadelphia I see hun­ sacrifice, loyalty, and valuable contribution Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe and the of the Filipino World War II veterans to the Middle East, Committee on Foreign Affairs, dreds of hard-working people whose lifestyles causes of peace, freedom, and human dignity: House of Representatives, Washington, DC. screeched to a halt when the recession cost Now, therefore, be it DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Secretary Cheney re­ them their jobs. Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ ceived your inquiry related to the recent They bought houses and cars based on resentatives of the United States of America in visit to the United States by General Mo­ steady incomes and now have much smaller Congress assembled, hammed Hussein Tantawi, Egyptian Min­ unemployment checks to pay their bills. SECTION 1. DESIGNATION OF DAY. ister of Defense. He asked that I respond to Just 2 weeks ago I spoke with many of (a) DESIGNATION.-The President is author­ the important questions raised in your let­ these people when I announced I would co­ ized and urged to designate April 9, 1992, the ter. The key issues discussed during General sponsor H.R. 2492. Hearing their frustration 50th anniversary of the fall of Bataan, as the and sense of betrayal was all that I need to "Day of Recognition of Filipino War Veter­ Tantawi's visit included regional security ar­ ans". rangements, the situation in Iraq, Middle understand that taxing unemployment com­ (b) PRESENTATION OF RESOLUTION.-It is the East arms control, potential threats to re­ pensation must stop immediately. sense of Congress that a copy of this resolu­ gional security, joint exercises and training, Congress must show unemployed Ameri­ tion be presented to Filipino veterans 1;Lnd and purchases of military equipment from cans we are here to pick them up, not punch the Filipino people in Manila on April 9, 1992, the U.S. them down. during the observance of the 50th anniver­ General Tantawi did not make an official I ask that my colleagues join me as a co­ sary of the fall of Bataan, as an expression of request for the purchase of two diesel-pow­ ered submarines during this visit. Although sponsor of H.R. 2492 arid that we move quick­ goodwill and a reaffirmation of the continu­ ly to repeal the tax on unemployment com­ ing regard of the United States and the Egyptians have informed us that they wish American people for a lasting Filipino-Amer­ to utilize FMF credits to the maximum ex­ pensation. ican friendship. tent possible for a diesel submarine pur­ chase, they have not provided an authori­ tative statement on where or how they wish DADE EDUCATOR RECEIVES NFL to have the submarines built and how they TEACHER OF THE YEAR AWARD UNITED STATES DISCUSSIONS wish to pay for them. We are aware, how­ WITH EGYPT ON THE POSSIBLE ever, that the Egyptian Government has re­ PURCHASE OF SUBMARINES quested proposals for construction of conven­ HON. ILEANA ROS.LEHTINEN FROM THE UNITED STATES tional submarines from shipyards in the OF FLORIDA United States, France, the United Kingdom, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and possibly other countries. Monday, February 24, 1992 HON. LEE u: HAMILTON Since the Egyptians have not submitted a OF INDIANA Letter of Request, the Department of De­ Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I am IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fense has not taken a final position on this pleased to recognize Miriam Williams, the Monday, February 24, 1992 issue. We have expressed concern to our 1991 recipient of the National Football Egyptian friends about the use of FMF cred­ League's Teacher of the Year Award. As a Mr. HAMIL TON. Mr. Speaker, on January 7, its for such a purchase (Egyptian credits are teacher at Miami Palmetto Middle School, Ms. 1992, I wrote to the Department of Defense fully committed for several years to come) Williams met Derrick Thomas, currently a line­ with questions regarding the October 1991 and about possible construction of sub­ marines in the U.S. backer for the Kansas City Chiefs, 13 years visit to the United States of Egyptian Defense ago. It was he who nominated his middle Minister Tantawi. On February 6 I received a There is no legal prohibition against pro­ viding U.S. Government funds for the manu­ school teacher, Ms. Williams, for the honor. reply from the Department of Defense. I would facture of submarines in the U.S. for export. When Ms. Williams recalls her first encoun­ like to bring the correspondence to the atten­ It should be noted, however, that the only ter with Mr. Thomas, she notes that the rela­ tion of my colleagues, and the t~xt follows: submarines ever transferred to a foreign tionship did not begin well. In fact, it ended up COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, state have been surplus older U.S. conven­ with a suspension for Mr. Thomas. However, Washington, DC, January 7, 1992. tional submarines. this incident encouraged her to work with Mr. Hon. RICHARD H. CHENEY, The U.S. Navy is opposed to manufacturing Secretary of Defense, The Department of De­ submarines in the United States for export Thomas in order to help him. Eventually, her fense, The Pentagon, Washington, DC. because of the possibility of technology efforts paid off, and she helped Mr. Thomas DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Subsequent to a transfer that could undercut our vital advan­ build academic self esteem by assisting him hearing last November with the Department tage in undersea warfare. In the past, tb,.e with his reading skills. Ms. Williams' dedication of State on the Middle East, it was suggested Secretary of Defense has supported the did not end there. When it came time for Mr. that I contact you with questions regarding Navy. There have been no exceptions to this Thomas to pursue a college career, Ms. Wil­ the October 1991 visit to the United States of policy. liams aided him in his decision to attend the I hope we have answered your questions. Egyptian Defense Minister Tantawi. University of Alabama. I would like to know what were the key is­ We will keep in touch with your staff if any­ sues on Minister Tantawi's agenda and what thing develops on this issue of diesel sub­ Today, Ms. Williams still teaches at Miami was discussed during his visit. I would also marines. Palmetto Middle School. Her former student like to know the following: Did the Defense Sincerely, Thomas has proceeded on to play profes­ Minister make an official request for the JAMES R. LILLEY. sional football. In addition, Mr. Thomas and 3190 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 24, 1992 his praises for Ms. Williams helped to inspire H.R. 4289 STRENGTHENING THE ELECTIONS the creation of the National Football League Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ PROCESS IN ROMANIA [NFL] Teacher of the Year Award. When NFL resentatives of the United States of America in Commissioner Paul Tagliabue heard Thomas Congress assembled, HON. STENY H. HOYER speak highly of his grade school mentor, he SECTION 1. EUGIBILI1Y OF AMERICAN SAMOA FOR EMERGENCY LIVESTOCK FEED OF MARYLAND began talk of the program. Response from the ASSISTANCE. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES players since then has been incredible, ac­ Section 602(3) of the Agricultural Act of Monday, February 24, 1992 cording to NFL spokeswoman JoJo Rein. 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1471(3)) is amended by inserting For her dedication and hard work, Ms. Wil­ "American Samoa," after "the Virgin Is­ Mr. HOYER. Mr. Speaker, on February 9, liams will receive from the National Football lands,". 1992, the people of Romania went to the polls League a $5,000 grant for use at her school, to elect local councilors and mayors in the first and a free trip to the Pro Bowl game in Ha­ free local elections in over 40 years. A mem­ waii. Her school will also be the recipient of a ber of the Helsinki Commission staff traveled IN REMEMBRANCE OF GEN. JAMES $10,000 scholarship, funded by the NFL, to be to Romania in January as part of a pre-elec­ given in the names of both Ms. Williams and H. POLK tion survey mission and returned this month Mr. Thomas. In addition, I would like to com­ as an accredited election observer. mend the leadership of Principal Sidney Clark HON. RONAID D. COLEMAN The pre-election assessment prepared by for making Palmetto Middle School a place OF TEXAS the staff of the Helsinki Commission identified where learning can happen, and where tal­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES areas of significant improvement relative to the national elections of May 1990, in particular a ented students like young Thomas are not Monday, February 24, 1992 overlooked. more tolerant campaign atmosphere, more Mr. COLEMAN of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise equal access to mass media, and the decision today to honor the memory of four-star Gen. to allow domestic election observers. There James H. Polk, a constituent of mine and, were, however, a number of areas of concern. INCLUSION OF AMERICAN SAMOA more importantly, a friend. General Polk was These included the lack of standard, detailed IN THE EMERGENCY LIVESTOCK United States forces commander in Berlin dur­ guidelines and procedures for election offi­ FEED ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ing the cold war and commander-in-chief of cials, the substantial technical role played by the United States Army in Europe from 1966 incumbent [appointed] officials, procedures for HON. ENI F.H. FALEO MA VAEGA to 1971, when he retired. military and student voting, and the decentral­ OF AMERICAN SAMOA General Polk began his military career at ized complaint process. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Fort Bliss, TX, after graduating from the U.S. I recently received a response to the Com­ Military Academy at West Point in 1933. He mission's report from Doru V. Ursu and Mircea Monday, February 24, 1992 was the last senior Army officer to serve in the T. Vaida, Secretaries of State at the Roma­ Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, today I horse cavalry. Additionally, General Polk was nian Department of State for Local Public Ad­ am introducing legislation to amend the Agri­ a former commander of the 3d Armored Cav­ ministration. They assured me that our rec­ cultural Act of 1949 to make American Samoa alry Regiment, now located at Fort Bliss. ommendations and findings, as well as those eligible for emergency livestock feed assist­ In 1945, General Polk was honored for gal­ of other observers, will be considered carefully ance. This program will provide critically need­ lantry by Gen. George S. Patton during the in view of preparations for the general elec­ ed emergency feed assistance for the preser­ march across Nazi-occupied Europe. When he tions currently slated for May. They also in­ vation and maintenance of livestock in Amer­ was promoted to brigadier general in 1956, he formed me that a copy of the Helsinki Com­ ican Samoa in the event of disease, insect in­ was pinned with two of General Patton's stars mission report will be submitted to the Roma­ festation, flood, drought, fire, hurricane, earth­ which had been given to him by General Pat­ nian parliament for proper consideration during quake, storm, hot weather, or other natural ton's widow. He-received the Croix de Guerre the drafting of the general election law, and disaster.- and the Legion of Honor from France for help­ that the Government will take into account rec­ Mr. Speaker, this is yet another example of ing liberate the country from the Nazi occupa­ ommendations regarding the areas within its a vital program extended to all 50 States, tion. competence, as it prepares for the organiza­ Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam, but As assistant 3d Cavalry commander in Eu­ tion of the upcoming general elections. not American Samoa. I believe this may have rope, General Polk spearheaded General Pat­ I am encouraged by the tone of this re­ been an oversight when the other three insular ton's 3d Army advances through France, Ger­ sponse, and I commend my Romanian col­ areas were added to this program in 1988 leg­ many, and into Czechoslovakia. leagues for their intent to strengthen the proc­ islation. General Polk followed a family legacy by ess prior to the upcoming elections. The prob­ American Samoa is in one of the most joining the army. His great-uncle, Leonidas K. lems witnessed and concerns raised regarding weather-turbulent areas of the world. Within Polk, was an Episcopal bishop and West Point the local elections were serious but not insur­ the last 2 years, Samoa was devastated by graduate who served as a Confederate gen­ mountable. In particular, the provision of two hurricanes with winds in the excess of 150 eral in the Civil War. His father, Army Col. clearcut rules and procedures for election offi­ miles per hour. The most recent of the two, Harding Polk, was a roommate of General cials could help reduce inconsistencies and Hurricane Val, struck the islands of Samoa for Patton at Virginia Military Institute and West confusion. In addition, strengthening the inter­ 4 days in December last year and destroyed Point. And his brother, Thomas Polk, com­ pretive and enforcement authority of the 95 percent of subsistence crops and approxi­ manded a submarine in the October 1962 Central Election Commission could permit mately 60 percent of housing units. arms blockade of Cuba. deeper and more public investigation of com­ The farmers in Samoa were not covered I first met General Polk in July 1967 when plaints and thus enhance confidence in the under any agricultural emergency programs he was the keynote speaker for the graduation system. until last month, when the U.S. Department of of the armored officer course, a course his With the general elections so near at hand, Agriculture included the territory in the Crop son Jamie and I completed at that time. Prior I urge the Romanian authorities to work close­ Loss Assistance Program. However, the live­ to that first meeting General Polk was an in­ ly with the political parties and parliament to stock, dairy, and poultry farmers still remain spiration to me. After, he became a great establish consensus on anticipated electoral without assistance from the Federal Govern­ friend. reforms. In this regard, I have learned of an ment and private resources. Mr. Speaker, I ask that today my colleagues elections roundtable in early March, at which I believe this legislation will help relieve the join me in wishing godspeed to Gen. James J. time such negotiations might begin. I hope critical need for emergency assistance faced Polk, a good friend to me, the residents of the that a broad range of democratic political by Samoa's livestock, dairy, and poultry farm­ 16th Congressional District of Texas, and all forces will support and participate in this proc­ ers in the wake of disasters such as Hurricane the citizens of the United States. I would also ess. Val. like to thank God for providing us with General Finally, I would like to note the important Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to pass Polk's military leadership and thank his family role domestic observers played in the local this bill during this Congress. for sharing him with us for those many years. elections. On February 9, more than 5,000 do- February 24, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3191 mastic observers representing a variety of weapons disarmament commissions. These the National Association of Home Care, of the nongovernmental organizations joined the joint groups should be able to identify areas leadership role which the Visiting Nurse Asso­ international observers at the polling sites. of common concern, pinpoint problems and ciation of Louisville has assumed in the treat­ Some of these organizations had also spon­ arrive at solutions agreeable to both sides. Experts could be exchanged. ment of Alzheimer's disease patients . . sored civic education programs during the 3. As other countries join with us in coordi­ We are all too familiar with this devastating campaign period. As recognized in the Docu­ nating aid to the commonwealth, they disease which afflicts nearly 4 million Ameri­ ment of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Con­ should seriously consider establishing a bil­ cans and their families, and imposes upon the ference on the Human Dimension of the lion-dollar disarmament fund to add to the families of Alzheimer's victims heavy financial CSCE, the presence of domestic observers $400 million the United States has already burdens and the mental and emotional tor­ can enhance the electoral process. I hope committed. ment of seeing a loved one deteriorate into 4. The United States has specially designed they will be encouraged and supported in the trucks and rail cars for transporting nuclear total dependence. upcoming elections and any future contests. weapons to disarmament sites safely and se­ Recently, there have been encouraging de­ The Helsinki Commission will continue to curely. We should consider loaning these ve­ velopments in research and diagnostic studies follow events in Romania with great interest hicles to the commonwealth to help jump­ of Alzheimer's disease. And I am hopeful thlit and concern, and will do all it can to support start its disarmament program. Congress will continue to regard these efforts the Romanian people in their efforts to build a The inventory, disarmament commissions, with the highest priority and support leading democratic society. technical exchanges and transportation aid toward improved treatment and a cure. would be prudent and inexpensive first steps It is in this realm that the VNA's 18 mental to disarmament. health staff nurses have made a significant HELPING REPUBLICS DISARM Disarming offers significant business op­ portunities for American industry. Conver­ contribution in annually caring for over 800 pa­ sion from defense enterprise to disarmament tients, a third of whom are affected by some HON. NANCY PELOSI enterprise by companies such as Raytheon, level of Alzheimer's symptoms. For most OF CALIFORNIA General Atomics and Waste Management is American families, home-based health care IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATivES approaching a gross private sector income of services provide a more cost-efficient and Monday, February 24 , 1992 $10 billion. Much of the technology used here preferable alternative to institutionalized care. is applicable in the former Soviet Union, Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, on February 5, where even greater opportunities await U.S. The visiting nurse is ideally suited to this sit­ the San Francisco Examiner published an oi:r businesses. uation as both a teacher and a frien~as ed by our esteemed colleagues, Representa­ The United States has taken the disar­ someone who dispenses both knowledge and tives FASCELL and BROOMFIELD entitled "Heli:r mament leadership position and our ante is compassion in behalf of their patients. It is dif­ ing Republics Disarm." This cogent piece ar­ on the table. That leadership is important ficult to place a value on the counsel and and we in Congress can be proud of our ef­ emotional reenforcement provided to a family ticulates the importance of the United States forts to initiate the process last fall. Add assisting the Commonwealth of Independent caregiver by a home visit from someone that to Secretary of State James Baker's skilled in coping with this trauma. States in the physical act of disarmament. Dis­ leadership this month in convening an inter­ armament in today's changing world is not national conference on aid to the common­ Mr. Speaker, I was pleased to be a cospon­ only a matter of treaties, but also a matter of wealth, and you've got a winning American sor of the legislation, House Joint Resolution technical assistance. The United States has team. 212, to commemorate the occasion of National disarmament technology and expertise which, Disarmament is not a giveaway to the Visiting Nurse Associations Week. And, I sa­ if shared with the former Republics of the So­ commonwealth. It is a program that en­ lute the Visiting Nurse Association of Louisville hances America's own interests by keeping viet Union, will make the world a safer place. for their enduring commitment to the people of the commonwealth's weapons of mass de­ Louisville and Jefferson County and I commend this article to the attention of my struction out of the wrong hands. colleagues and urge them to give it thoughtful Kentuckiana. I know that my comments echo consideration. the deep sense of appreciation felt among my colleagues in paying tribute to the members of [From the San Francisco Examiner, Feb. 5, A SALUTE TO THE NATIONAL 1992] ' VISITING NURSE ASSOCIATIONS all the visiting nurse associations across America for their outstanding servic:e. HELPING REPUBLICS DISARM (By Dante Fascell and Wm. Broomfield) HON. ROMANO L MAllOLI Not many people know it, but the United OF KENTUCKY TURMOIL IN NAGORNO-KARABAGH States has quietly and efficiently gone about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the business of destroying its nuclear and Monday, February 24, 1992 chemical stockpile over the last several HON. ROBERT G. TORRICELLI years. About 20 percent of the job is already Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, this past week OF NEW JERSEY complete. we observed National Visiting Nurse Associa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We know how to destroy these weapons tions Week to recognize and commend the Monday, February ?4, 1992 safely. What we need to do now is make sure vital role these local organizations play in our the former Soviet Union, the Commonwealth Nation's health care delivery system. Mr. TORRICELLI. Mr. Speaker, I would like of Independent States, destroys its weap­ In my own hometown, the Visiting Nurse As­ to address an issue of great concern to me ons-about 27,000 nuclear weapons and some and the many Armenian-Americans living in 40,000 tons of chemical stocks. We should sociation [VNA] of Louisville is embarking on help the commonwealth with the job. its 102d year of exemplary service to our com­ the United States: The turmoil in Nagorno­ We need to share the technology that a munity. Actually, VNA of Louisville serves a Karabagh. House Foreign Affairs staff study says has much broader geographic area that we call The people of Armenia have long endured allowed the United to disarm 10,000 nuclear "Kentuckiana" which is comprised of about 13 hardship and human suffering. Between 1915- and 100,000 chemical weapons in a safe and counties along the Ohio River in Kentucky and 23, 1.5 million Armenians died in a brutal environmentally sound manner. southern Indiana. genocide campaign waged by the Ottoman The window cf opportunity is open and Turks. After this massacre, the State of Arme­ Congress has approved $400 million for this The VNA of Louisville makes more than 600 purpose. We should get on with it before that daily home visits, providing a range of nursing, nia was carved up and the region of Nagorno­ window slams shut. rehabilitation, dietician, social work, personal Karabagh was entrusted to Azerbaijani rule. Four steps need to be taken without delay: care, pediatric and mental health services. It is Today, ethnic Armenians are still struggling for 1. We need an inventory of the republics' no surprise that from this long history of com­ their liberties under the domination of Azer­ nuclear and chemical weapons. That means mitment, and with the support of many dedi­ baijan. we need exact data on their quantity, qual­ cated volunteers, the Visiting Nurse Associa­ Soviet state repression and Azerbaijani ity, design and location. We also need an tion of Louisville has become one of the larg­ dominance have kept the ethnic Armenians in honest assessment from the commonwealth of exactly how much disarmament know-how est and most comprehensive associations in Nagorno-Karabagh from objecting to their po­ they possess and how much we must supply. the country. litical predicament. The people of Nagorno­ 2. We should press the commonwealth to I was particularly pleased and proud to read Karabagh liken their domination by Azerbaijan join in forming both nuclear and chemical in the recent issue of Caring, a publication of to their suppression by the Turks. For some 3192 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 24, 1992 70 years, they have endured in silent protest, To help, I introduced legislation with Rep­ the-art manufacturing design, committed addi­ maintaining their culture, their religion, and resentative IRELAND (H.R. 4197) to increase tional funding from the city's Business Incuba­ lheir language while "the Azerbaijanis have the amount of capital available for loan by the tion Center, and orders already lined up, the tried to chip away at their resolve. Small Business Administration. Demand for banks consider her proposal too speculative. The Gorbachev regime in the 1980's her­ loans from the SBA Loan Guarantee Program With such pessimism, even the best small alded a new era in the Soviet Union where is up 23 percent over last year. businesses won't be able to pull through this ethnic expression and independence move­ Let me relate the importance of this pro­ recession. ments flourished. In 1988, the Nagorno­ gram to my own home State, and to my own By expanding the SBA loan program, the Karabagh State Soviet seized the opportunity congressional district. Last year alone, the credit crunch problem should subside. Under and voted for secession from Azerbaijan. The Loan Guarantee Program provided over $184 the program, the SBA covers 90 percent of a Government of Azerbaijan rejected the vote million for Wisconsin businesses, creating bank's risk for each guaranteed loan. In the and sent troops to the region to stifle the se­ 2,796 new jobs. One hundred and fifty-six of above cases, local banks would risk just cessionist movement. Since then, hundreds of those new jobs were in western Wisconsin, $3,000 on each loan. people have been killed and a half million created through just 41 loans totaling nearly have been displaced as Armenians fight for $18 million. The loans, which of course are As important, SBA loans often free up other independence from Azerbaijani control. paid back to the Government, generated $41 community-based loans for additional funding. The Armenian people in Nagorno-Karabagh million in tax revenues. For example, the city of Eau Claire, WI has will never assimilate into the Azerbaijani state. More loans were approved in Wisconsin established a $600,000 fund to assist busi­ They constitute some 80 percent of the popu­ than in any other State in the Midwest region. ness development in the community. Busi­ lace, observe a different culture and speak a The per capita rate of SBA lending also is nesses may get up to 30 percent of their de­ different language than their Aze_rbaijani rulers. among the highest in the Nation, while loan sired loan amounts from the fund after secur­ They continue to practice Christianity in a pre­ delinquency rates are the lowest in the Mid­ ing funding elsewhere first. dominately Muslim state. Resentment between w~st region. The recession will end only when commu­ the people run deep. In Eau Claire, our largest city, the SBA nities and local leaders combine resources to The people of Nagorno-Karabagh must be made loans to 17 small businesses. Com­ assist area small businesses. Until then, they allowed the freedom of self determination. We bined, these businesses employ 368 work­ will continue to be held back from doing what are in the midst of an epoch of ethnic libera­ ers-20 more than last year. they do best-putting Americans to work. In tion, of new political, religious, and cultural ex­ In La Crosse County, our largest, just 4 my view, it is critical that we increase the pression. The Armenians in Nagorno­ loans created 27 additional jobs, bringing to a funding levels for the SBA Loan Guarantee Karabagh cannot be excluded from this proc­ total of 118 jobs provided by the loan recipi­ Program to match demand. I appreciate the ess. ents. willingness of this committee to help meet that For 6 months, Yugoslavia was torn apart by Other loans were made as follows: demand. a bloody and brutal war between the Serb and Barron County: 4 loans; $430,000; creating Croatian states. The root of the conflict was 4 new jobs. ethnic and it was avoidable. If world attention Crawford County: 2 loans; $1.77million; cre­ ating 19 jobs. had been focused on this issue at the outset, THE HILLEL FOUNDATION AT THE Dunn County: 1 loan; $831,000; creating 4 thousands of lives may have been saved and STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW jobs. widespread destruction avoided. We cannot YORK AT STONY BROOK CELE­ Eau Claire County: 17 loans; $3.8 million; repeat the same mistakes we made in our pol­ BRATES ITS 25TH YEAR icy toward Yugoslavia. creating 20 jobs. I support Secretary of State Baker's recent Grant County: 1 loan; $95,000; no new jobs. trip to the region to highlight the conflict in Jackson County: 2 loans; $930,000; no new HON. GEORGE J. HOCHBRUECKNER Nagorno-Karabagh. It is imperative that the jobs. United States lend its support to the con­ La Crosse County: 4 loans; $5 million; cre­ OF NEW YORK ating 27 jobs. ference on security and cooperation in Europe IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the United Nations to resolve this dispute. Pierce County: 1 loan; $455,000; no new Moreover, I call on the Bush administration to jobs. Monday, February 24, 1992 withhold full diplomatic relations with Azer­ Polk County: 2 loans; $2.5 million; creating baijan pending their commitment to a peaceful 16 jobs. Mr. HOCHBRUECKNER. Mr. Speaker, settlement in the region. St. Croix Falls: 6 loans; $1.7 million; creat­ would like to take this moment to recognize I call on my congressional colleagues to ing 66 jobs. the B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation at the State take a firm stance on this issue and pressure Trempealeau County: 1 loan; $190,000; no University of New York [SUNY] at Stony Brook the administration to work to resolve this con­ new jobs. as it celebrates its 25th anniversary. flict expeditiously. This represents a good start. However, Hillel has served the needs of the Jewish there are still too many small businesses that community on the Stony Brook campus by need help. They have solid business pla11s for providing religious, educational, cultural, and H.R. 4197-TO EXPAND THE SBA startup ventures and expansion, but are not social programming as well as counseling, LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM getting enough help from local lenders. guidance, and religious leadership. Through­ Just last week, I was contacted by three out the past 25 years, Jewish communal orga­ HON. STEVE GUNDERSON such small business owners in my district. In nizations, particularly B'nai . B'rith International, OF WISCONSIN one case, a business owner seeking to ex­ United Jewish Appeal-Federation of Greater IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pand her trucking-transport business in Eau New York, and Friends of Hillel at Stony Brook Claire, WI was turned down for a $30,000 loan Monday, February 24, 1992 have provided invaluable support and financial by a local bank, despite the fact that the bank resources. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Speaker, it will take is holding $500,000 of her money. ~he wants increased small business activity to lead the to hire four new drivers-doubling her staff­ Perhaps Hillel's greatest accomplishment Nation out of the recession. America's small and has delivery orders backlogged. The bank has been its ability to provide a Jewish home businesses employ 60 percent of the work refuses to take the risk on her business, even for Stony Brook students who are away from force and produce 38 percent of the Nation's though she has been in business for 10 years. their families. This critical support has enabled gross national product. In another case, six banks in Eau Claire, re­ students to develop and grow into active Unfortunately, small businesses eager to in­ fused to lend $30,000 to a light manufacturing members and leaders of the community. crease their activity, and looking for capital, business. The owner wants to compete with Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to join are being held back. The credit crunch created the only other U.S. manufacturer of a lid and with me in congratulating the B'nai B'rith Hillel by banks unwilling to lend money is a large rack system for light trucks. Despite the fact Foundation and SUNY at Stony Brook on their part of the problem. that she has a solid business plan, a state-of- 25th anniversary. February 24, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3193 INTRODUCTION OF LEGISLATION friends, but by the community he served for so and to reflect the ongoing and increasing REGARDING RESIDENCY RE- many years. needs of homeless Americans. QUIREMENTS The act also contains several new pro­ grams-including a program to specifically ad­ HON. ENI F.H. FALEO MA VAEGA THE INTRODUCTION OF THE dress rural homelessness, a demonstration McKINNEY HOMELESS ASSIST­ grant for the expansion of advocates and ben­ OF AMERICAN SAMOA ANCE REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES efits service programs, an expansion of the 1992 homeless veterans job training programs, re­ Monday, February 24, 1992 vised disposition of properties for the home­ Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, I rise HON. BRUCE F. VENTO less or homeless advocates at the Farmers' today to introduce a bill which will remove the OF MINNESOTA Home Administration and the Department of 3-month U.S. residency requirement placed on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Veterans Affairs, and a new component to U.S. nationals born in American Samoa who provide for residential substance abuse treat­ Monday, February 24, 1992 desire to apply for U.S. citizenship. ment and prevention for homeless persons. Mr. Speaker, American Samoa is in an Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, I am introducing Congress, in conjunction with local and anomalous position: It is the only U.S. territory the reauthorization of the Stewart B. McKinney State governments, and the integral network in which persons born are not U.S. citizens. Homeless Assistance Amendments Act of of nonprofits and service organizations, has American Samoa has a system of compulsory 1992, H.R. 4300. and must continue to respond to the homeless education as does the United States, and the Almost 10 years ago, when I first initiated through existing mainstream programs and English language and American history are national policy on homeless legislation, most through the many unique programs that make mandatory subjects for study. With our current of us hoped that we could effectively address up the McKinney Homeless Assistance Act. system of government and emphasis on and resolve the challenges presented by We need to continue coordination between American education, it seems unfair and un- homelessness. I had thought that by now we Federal, and State and local governments in . reasonable to me for American Samoa-born could have moved beyond the McKinney Act. order to generate effective programs and to U.S. nationals to have to move to the United Unfortunately, homelessness persists-a trag­ maximize the funds. While there is no magic States and establish residency for 3 months ic consequence of the excesses of the 1980's formula and there is no money tree, together before they can apply to become U.S. citizens. and a precursor of the 1990's, the human defi­ we can and we must reverse the trend and This is an unnecessary burden on American cit left behind by the misplaced priorities of the bring new hope to those Americans tragically Samoans, and I hope my colleagues will pass last decade. affected by homelessness. this bill during this Congress. The national phenomenon of homelessness Mr. Speaker, I hope all my colleagues will H.R. 4290 continues to grow and change. In the 1991 join me, and the 41 other Members who are Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ U.S. Conference of Mayors annual survey of original cosponsors of the bill, in supporting resentatives of the United States of America in hunger and homelessness, it was found that comprehensive McKinney legislation-paving Congress assembled, requests for emergency food assistance rose the way to enact this much needed reauthor­ SECTION 1. RESIDENCE WITHIN AN OUTLYING an average of 26 percent and emergency ization of Federal homeless assistance pro­ POSSESSION AS RESIDENCE WITHIN shelter requests increased by an average of A STATE OR DISTRICT OF THE SERV­ grams. ICE. 13 percent. Underfunded and overcrowded fa­ Following my statement is a section-by-sec­ Section 325 of the Immigration and Nation­ cilities in most cities turned away some 17 tion of the bill as introduced. ality Act (8 U.S.C. 1436) is amended by in­ percent of the people seeking food and 15 SECTION-BY-SECTION OF THE MCKINNEY HOME­ serting ", and within a State or district of percent of those seeking shelter. Requests for LESS ASSISTANCE REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF the Service in the United States," after emergency shelter by homeless families with 1992 "presence within the United States". children increased by an estimated average of TITLE I 17 percent. Provides for general budgetary compliance Across the survey cities, half of the home­ TRIBUTE TO THE LATE R. W. with the concurrent resolution of the budget. BRICKEN less population is estimated to be 50 percent Makes technical corrections to the table of single men; 35 percent families with children; contents. HON. IKE SKELTON 12 percent single women; and 3 percent unac­ TITLE II companied youth. An estimated 29 percent of Extends the Interagency Council on the OF MISSOURI the homeless population in the survey cities is Homeless, which serves as a central coordi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES considered mentally ill, 40 percent have sub­ nation, evaluation and information-sharing Monday, February 24, 1992 stance abuse problems, and 7 percent have agency for all homeless assistance programs Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, today I pay AIDS or HIV related illnesses. An average of through October 1, 1995. Authorizes $1,360,000 18 percent is employed full- or part-time and for fiscal year 1993 and such sums as nec­ tribute to an outstanding Missourian, Richard essary through 1995. Woodson Bricken, who passed away recently 23 percent are veterans. TITLE III at the age of 85. His contributions to the State This grim picture of the homeless is unlikely of Missouri and his community will be well re­ to change in the near future. The economy is Authorizes $160,000,000 for the FEMA Emer­ gency Food and Shelter Program, which pro­ membered. in a weakened state. The national economic recession, a structural economic phenomena, vides food, shelter, and support services to Born in Carrollton, MO, Richard Bricken meet the immediate needs of the homeless, later moved to Waverly where he owned and has exacerbated unemployment, stifled for fiscal year 1993 and such sums as nec­ edited the Waverly Times from 1941 to 197 4. consumer demand and has done little to en­ essary through 1995. hance housing affordability. Further, as recov­ Mr. Bricken also owned the R.W. Bricken Real TITLE IV ery proceeds, we will see renewed pressures Estate & Insurance Agency from 1946 to Requires the inclusion of homeless infor­ 1991. In 1961, he was the president of the on home prices and rents. mation in comprehensive housing affordable Central Missouri Board of Realtors. Because we have an imperfect social wel­ strategies (CHAS) of National Affordable Mr. Bricken, who was an Army veteran of fare system and housing policies, we have to Housing Act. World War II, kept continued links with the vet­ continue to fill the gaps in the safety net with Authorizes $145,000,000 for the Emergency erans through his active participation as a the McKinney Homeless Assistance Act. Shelter Grants Program, which provides member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars in The new 1992 McKinney reauthorization funding for the conversion or rehabilitation Carrollton, MO, and was a founding member proposal would authorize nearly $1.5 billion for of buildings for use as emergency shelters each of the next 3 years. It would extend ex­ and for homeless prevention activities for of the Waverly post of the American Legion. fiscal year 1993 and such sums as necessary He was also named an honorary colonel by isting programs providing housing, food, and through 1995. former governors James T. Blair, Jr., John M. essential services, such as job training, edu­ Authorizes $210,000,000 for Supportive Dalton, and Warren E. Hearnes. cation, and health care, with increased author­ Housing, which provides assistance in devel­ Richard Bricken is survived by his wife Pan. ization levels to reflect the increasing costs opment of transitional and permanent hous­ He will be missed not only by his many faced by programs that are up and running ing for fiscal year 1993 and such sums as nee- 3194 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 24, 1992 essary through 1995. Specifies the eligibility Authorizes $55,000,000 for the Emergency In New York, we know these faces all too of small commercial office space for conver­ Community Services Homeless Grant pro­ well. New York City has an estimated 200,000 sion to supportive housing. gram for fiscal years 1994 and 1995. This pro­ intravenous drug users, roughly half of whom Authorizes $35,000,000 for Supplemental As­ gram provides grants to expand programs to sistance for the Homeless, a program that the homeless and to assist those at risk of are HIV positive. More than 80 percent of all provides funding to assist facilities and pro­ becoming homeless. female cases and 88 percent of all pediatric vide support services for the homeless, for Authorizes $55,000,000 for Family Support AIDS cases are black or Hispanic. Indeed, fiscal year 1993 and such sums as necessary Centers for fiscal years 1993 through 1995. AIDS is the leading cause of death in New through 1995. This program coordinates services designed York City among all men aged 30-49 and all Increases the budget authority available to prevent homelessness among families at women aged 20-39. for Section 8 Single Room Occupancy (SRO) risk. Yet despite its epic proportions-despite the Dwellings to $110,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 TITLE VII rapid spread of AIDS into our schools, our and such sums as necessary through 1995. Authorizes $34,750,000 for the Medical Care churches, and our homes, despite the crush­ The SRO program provides rental assistance for single rooms for homeless individuals. of Veterans for fiscal years 1993 through 1995. ing impact the disease has on delivery of Authorizes $77,000,000; $39,060,000; and These funds are available for providing domi­ health care to our communities, despite the $175,560,000 respectively for Shelter Plus Care ciliary care for homeless veterans and for 133,232 American lives already lost-we are programs (Section 8 SRO; 202 housing, and the provision of treatment or rehabilitation still not getting the job done. services for mentally ill homeless veterans. Rental Assistance) for fiscal year 1993 and As the National Commission on Al DS stat­ such sums as necessary through 1995. Authorizes a new property disposition pro­ gram for the Department of Veterans Affairs ed, "Our nation's leaders have not done well." Requires evaluations of homeless assist­ single family disposition targeting no less President Bush, to be sure, has not done ance programs through surveys of homeless well. He has made only one speech--only a clients. Extends McKinney programs without than ten percent of eligible properties for block granting certain housing assistance lease or purchase for the homeless. single speech out of thousands-on AIDS. He through October l, 1995. Disallows the use of TITLE VIII has consistently undercut congressional efforts 1990 Census data gathered on S night for the Authorizes $40,000,000 for a new National to fund AIDS research and health care. His allocation of federal homeless assistance. Homeless Advocate Demonstration Grant administration has impeded efforts to establish Authorizes a new property disposition pro­ Program for fiscal years 1993 through 1995. reasonable and responsible public policy by gram for the FmHA single family disposition This new program would provide funding introducing obscuring and peripheral issues, targeting no less than ten percent of eligible through the states for advocacy services, in­ like mandatory testing and immigration bar­ properties for lease or purchase for the cluding representative payees and guardians, riers. homeless. for the homeless. Worst of all, so many people remain indiffer­ Authorizes $40,000,000 for a new rural ALL TITLES homelessness grant program to target emer­ ent. Americans must learn that AIDS will not gency, prevention and permanent housing as­ To the extent practicable, all McKinney wait for them. sistance to rural areas for fiscal year 1993 Act programs will provide for consultation, We must become more humane and com­ representation, and employment of homeless passionate in our treatment of AIDS patients. and such sums as necessary through 1995. or formerly homeless persons to or by the TITLE V programs. We must become willing to commit more Authorizes $84,000,000 for categorical funds to research. We must ensure that medi­ grants for Primary Health Services and Sub­ cal treatment is available to those that need it. stance Abuse Services for the homeless for THE AIDS CRISIS: WE CAN WAIT Above all, we must break the silence on fiscal year 1995. This categorical grant pro­ NO LONGER AIDS. vides discretionary funding for primary As the New York Times columnist A.M. heal th care services. Rosenthal recently wrote: Authorizes $75,000,000 for a new residential HON. CHARLFS B. RANGEL Silence has a loud voice. It shouts, " Noth­ substance abuse treatment and prevention OF NEW YORK ing important is happening, don't worry." So program for the homeless for each of the fis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when something important is going on, si­ cal years 1993 through 1995. lence is a lie. Authorizes $79,000,000 for the PATH mental Monday, February 24, 1992 health block grant for 1995. This block grant Let us be silent no more. Let us wait no Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, once again I longer. program provides funding for numerous serv­ rise to call the attention of my colleagues to ices, including substance abuse and mental ACCELERATING, NATION'S AIDS COUNT HITS health treatment, rehabilitation services, the unfolding AIDS crisis, an epidemic so 200,000 other outreach or case management services threatening that it is soon expected to surpass ATLANTA, January.-The nation's AIDS and a structure for coordinating housing all other diseases in lost human lives. epidemic has reach another grim milestone: services. I recommend you all to the recently pub­ 200,000 reported cases, with the second 100,000 Authorizes $12,000,000 for Mental Health lished report in the New York Times, "Accel­ coming four times as quickly as the first. Services for Homeless Individuals with erating, Nation's AIDS Count Hits 200,000." The Federal Centers for Disease Control re­ Chronic Mental Illness for fiscal years 1994 As the article states: ported today that the nation now has 206,392 and 1995. This program provides discre­ cases of people whose immune systems have tionary funding for primary care services, The nation's AIDS epidemic has reached another grim milestone: 200,000 reported been severely weakened by the disease, with drug and alcohol abuse treatment, mental 133,232 deaths. It was August 1989, eight health treatment, housing for the mentally cases, with the second 100,000 coming four times as quickly as the first. years into the epidemic, when the 100,000th ill homeless, and other outreach or case AIDS case was reported; the next 100,000 management services. And the United States is expected to reach cases surfaced in just 26 months, the agency TITLE VI the next 100,000 cases even more quickly, in said. Authorizes $14,500,000 for Adult Education less than 2 years. The cumulative total " emphasizes the rap­ for the Homeless, which provides assistance These numbers tell a tragic tale. While the idly increasing magnitude of the H.I.V. epi­ for literacy training and remedial skills for nation slept, while our politicians and our cler­ demic," the agency said in its report. homeless adults, for fiscal years 1994 & 1995. If current trends continue, the next 100,000 gy and our educators dragged their feet and cases should come even faster as the epi­ Authorizes $55,000,000 for the Education for deliberately looked the other way, AIDS began Homeless Children and Youth grants, which demic spreads, said Dr. Larry Slutsker, an its race through our lives. AIDS epidemiologist at the agency. provide funding for the development and im­ And it has not slowed yet, nor will it soon. plementation of education programs for "The AIDS cases we're seeing now are a re­ homeless youth, for fiscal years 1994 and According to the President's National Com­ flection of H.I.V. infections that occurred 1995. mission on AIDS: years ago," he noted. Extends Job Training for the Homeless Disproportionately and increasingly the A CHANGING PROFILE programs and authorizes $20,000,000 for the epidemic has attacked segments of society The second 100,000 cases differed from the job training programs, including counseling, already at a disadvantage-communities of first 100,000 in these ways: job search skills, training, and remedial edu­ color, women and men grappling with pov­ Seven percent of the newer AIDS cases cation for fiscal years 1993 through 1995. Of erty and drug use, and adolescents who have were traced to heterosexual transmission­ these funds, $10,000,000 is targeted for home­ not been effectively warned of this new risk still a minority but an increase compared less veterans reintegration projects. to their futures. with the first 100,000, 5 percent of which were

• • • .. ... ~ wlJ...... - ...... : _, , '" - • • ._. •• - •• •. • - • • ,,. _ _..._ • _ • r • ....._ '-"~..1.1.._•_..__. • -...... - ...... , • _-..r.-. • _..... February 24, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3195 heterosexual cases. More than 11,000 hetero­ I am not aware that the USDA has a plan in TRIBUTE TO BOBBY "BLUE" sexual AIDS cases have now been reported. place to improve our efforts in this area. BLAND Scientists at the disease-control centers ex­ For that reason, Representative COLEMAN of pect that count to double by 1995, Dr. Missouri and I worked closely with agricultural Slusker said. HON. HAROLD E. FORD exporters, food processing companies, labor Twelve percent of the second 100,000 AIDS OF TENNESSEE organizations, and commodity groups to de­ cases occurred in women, compared with 9 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES percent of the first 100,000. velop this legislation. By increasing our share Thirty-one percent of the second 100,000 pa­ of the HVP market to 15 percent by targeting Monday, February 24, 1992 tients were black, compared with 27 percent a larger share of our export efforts to HVP's, Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I rise earlier. Seventeen percent of the patients we can create more than a million new jobs today to salute the great vocal artist Bobby were Hispanic, compared with 15 percent ear­ and increase our GNP by up to $100 billion "Blue" · Bland, who this month was inducted lier. without affecting traditional exports of bulk ag­ Fifty-five percent of the later cases oc­ into the Rock 'and Roll Hall of Fame. curred in gay or bisexual men not using ricultural commodities. Mr. Blan~. who makes his home in my dis­ injectable drugs, down from 61 percent ear­ Let's redirect a small part of our agricultural trict-Memphis-is truly one of the fathers of lier. export efforts and reap big gains for the U.S. modern soul singing. In his more than 40 Twenty-four percent of the later cases oc­ economy and the American work force by years in show business, he has become a liv­ curred among heterosexual drug abusers, passing the Expansion of Processed and ing legend, recording and touring across this compared with 20 percent earlier. High-Value Agricultural Exports and Employ­ country and internationally. The number of AIDS cases in the United ment Opportunities Act of 1992. Mr. Bland is known for his classy, stylish States is expected to reach 300,000 in less than two years. The C.D.C. has propased performances sung in a distinctive bluesy bari­ broadening its definition of an AIDS case, a HOUSE POST OFFICE SITUATION tone voice over brassy orchestrations. His move that could add another 160,000 people grainy vocal style draws on gospel and blues, infected with the human immunodeficiency which are at the core of Memphis music. virus to the list of those with the disease. HON. PAT ROBERTS Robert Calvin Bland was born on January If the new definition is approved, the OF KANSAS 27, 1930, in Rosemark, TN. In 1944, he and health agency hopes to send it to state and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his family moved to Memphis, where he joined local health officials for use this spring. Monday, February 24, 1992 a gospel ensemble, the Miniatures. He later Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, I rise to help met the great blues performer B.B. King, and clarify statements made on February 5 during he joined the Beale Streeters, an informal SUPPORT FOR HIGH-VALUE group of Memphis blues musicians. In 1954 AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS the debate of House resolution to investigate the House post office. he landed his first recording contract with Throughout the floor debate on House Res­ Duke Records. HON. TIMOTIIY J. PENNY olution 340, several points were raised in an Mr. Bland has had an extensive and suc­ OF MINNESOTA effort to determine which House committees, cessful career with a string of hits including "I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES officials, staff, and others were aware of the Pity the Fool," "Turn on Your Lovelight," "Call Monday, February 24, 1992 events surrounding a U.S. Postal Inspector on Me," "Ain't Nothing You Can Do," "Ain't Service review of the House operation. The Nothing Too Bad," and "Rocking in the Same Mr. PENNY. Mr. Speaker, today Represent­ primary concern surrounding the September Boat." ative TOM COLEMAN of Missouri and I were 27, 1991, report was that the minority leader­ In 1989, Mr. Bland received a Grammy joined by 12 of our colleagues in introducing ship and committees of jurisdiction were not nomination for best male contemporary blues the "Expansion of Processed and High-Value alerted to its existence. artist. And on January 15, 1992, Mr. Bland re­ Agricultural Exports and Employment Opportu­ During a briefing requested by Minority ceived an honor deeply desired but seldom re­ nities Act of 1992." Leader BOB MICHEL with the U.S. postal in­ ceived by many artists-the induction into the There are numerous economic benefits to spectors on January 29, 1992, about the re­ Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. be gained by adding value to raw agricultural port, the minority was told that the House Post Mr. Speaker, it is truly a pleasure to recog­ commodities before exporting them. Those Office and Civil Service Subcommittee on nize the many accomplishments and artistic benefits include increased tax revenues, multi­ Postal Operations, Chaired by the Hon. FRANK contributions of Bobby "Blue" Bland. I ask my plied economic activity, rural economic devel­ MCCLOSKEY, had been provided information colleagues to join me in congratulating him on opment, and jobs for rural Americans. It is surrounding the report. This statement lead his membership in the hall of fame and in also likely that improving our effectiveness in the minority to believe that the subcommittee wishing him many years of continued success. exporting high-value agricultural products had not informed members of the situation [HVP's] will give the United States additional earlier. leverage with the European Community at the I have now been provided a copy of U.S. TRIBUTE TO YUNGMAN LEE crucial GA TT negotiations. Postal Service receipt showing that a copy of I have long been interested in increasing this report was sent on January 28 at the re­ HON. Bill GREEN U.S. exports of agricultural HVP's. These quest of Chairman McCLOSKEY'S staff to the OF NEW YORK products, such as meats and poultry, vegeta­ subcommittee-this action happened on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ble oil, cheese, butter, and dry milk, flour, and same day of the first Washington Times report Monday, February 24, 1992 fruits and vegetables, currently make up less on the House post office. As well, I have been than 10 percent of all commercially assisted assured by Chairman MCCLOSKEY that that U.S. agricultural exports. It is important to note date was the first time his staff was made Mr. GREEN of New York. Mr. Speaker, I that over the last decade, while the European aware of the report. rise today to recognize a distinguished New Community increased its share of HVP world I have not been able to confirm when this or Yorker, Yungman Lee, who is being honored trade to 41 percent through a variety of poli­ other committees, staffs, officials, or others tonight in my district for dedicating 20 years of cies and mechanisms, the U.S. share of that were informed of the U.S. Postal Service in­ service to the Chinatown community in New market has stagnated at only about 9 percent. spectors activities. York City. Mr. Lee recently was appointed the This occurred during a period when world de­ Mr. Speaker, it seems this situation illus­ first deputy superintendent of banks for the mand for agricultural HVP's increased by more trates the continuing confusion surrounding State of New York Banking Department. than 50 percent. the entire affair. Chairman MCCLOSKEY was Yungman Lee's resume displays an exem­ During the development of the 1990 farm kept in the dark despite his subcommittee's ju­ plary list of civic activities. He is the former bill, several of my Agriculture Committee col­ risdiction. He also is a victim of certain individ­ chairman of the board of directors and the leagues and I included a provision urging the uals working outside the official committee former program director of Community Health U.S. Department of Agriculture to set 25 per­ structure. These individuals have done a dis­ Education at the Chinatown Health Clinic in cent as a goal for U.S. HVP world market service to Chairman MCCLOSKEY and to the New York City where he maintains his mem­ share. We are woefully short of that qoal and Congress. bership on the board. Additionally, Yungman 3196 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 24, 1992 Lee is a member of the community board at Governmental Affairs FEBRUARY27 Bellevue Hospital and also a member of the To hold hearings on the integrity and ef­ 9:15 a.m. board of directors at the Forest Hills Settle­ fectiveness of the Offices of Inspectors Joint Economic ment House. General. Technology and' National Security Sub­ Mr. Lee not only is extremely active in the SD-342 committee community, but he also has proven his exper­ Rules and Administration To hold hearings to examine inter­ To hold hearings on S.J. Res. 221, provid­ national competition in the commer­ tise in economic issues. He is the commis­ ing for the appointment of Hanna cial aircraft industry. sioner of the New York City Tax Commission, Holborn Gray as a citizen regent of the SD-628 a former associate at Shearman & Sterling, Smithsonian Institution, S. 1598, to au­ 9:30 a.m. Esqs., and also a graduate of New York Uni­ thorize the Board of Regents of the Governmental Affairs versity's School of Law. Smithsonian Institution to acquire Permanent Subcommittee on Investica­ I am pleased to take this opportunity to con­ land for watershed protection at the tions gratulate Mr. Lee upon his recent appointment Smithsonian Environmental Research To hold hearings to examine current and commend him for the leadership role he Center, and S. 1682, to authorize the trends in money laundering. plays within our community. Board of Regents of the Smithsonian SD-342 Institution to acquire an Administra­ Veterans' Affairs Although my legislative schedule in Wash­ To hold hearings on proposed budget re­ ington will prevent me from attending tonight's tive Service Center. SR-301 quests for fiscal year 1993 for veterans farewell dinner in Mr. Lee's honor, I should programs. like to send my best to Mr. Lee and the 10:00 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs SR-418 friends of Yungman Lee for a successful 10:00 a.m. Business meeting, to consider the nomi­ event. Appropriations nations of Alan Greenspan, of New Transportation Subcommittee York, to be Chairman and a Member of To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ SENATE COMMITIEE MEETINGS the Board of Governors of the Federal timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed to Reserve System, Lawrence U. partment of Transportation and relat­ by the Senate on February 4, 1977, calls for Costiglio, of New York, Daniel F. ed agencies. establishment of a system for .a computerized Evans Jr., of Indiana, Marilyn R. SD-138 Seymann, of Arizona, and William C. schedule of all meetings and hearings of Sen­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation Perkins, of Wisconsin, each to be a Di­ ate committees, subcommittees, joint commit­ To hold hearings on indicators of global rector of the Federal Housing Finance warming and solar variability. tees, and committees of conference. This title Board, J. Carter Beese Jr., of Mary­ SR-253 requires all such committees to notify the Of­ land, to be a Member of the Securities Environment and Public Works fice of the Senate Daily Digest-designated by and Exchange Commission, and Frank To hold hearings on the President's pro­ the Rules Committee--0f the time, place, and G. Zarb, of New York, to be a Director posed budget request for fiscal year purpose of the meetings, when scheduled, of the Securities Investor Protection 1993 for the Environmental Protection and any cancellations or changes in the meet­ Corporation. Agency. ings as they occur. SD-538 SD-406 As an additional procedure along with the Judiciary Finance computerization of this information, the Office Constitution Subcommittee Business meeting, to mark up proposed legislation to encourage economic . of the Senate Daily Digest will prepare this in­ To hold hearings on S. 2236, to revise the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to modify growth and recovery. formation for printing in the Extensions of Re­ SD-215 marks section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and extend the bilingual voting provi­ sions of the Act. Foreign Relations on Monday and Wednesday of each week. SR-385 To resume hearings to examine strategic Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, February Labor and Human Resources nuclear reduction in a post-cold war 25, 1992, may be found in the Daily Digest of To hold hearings to review the Depart­ world, focusing on national security is­ today's RECORD. ment of Labor's regulatory policy. sues. SD-419 SD-430 Judiciary MEETINGS SCHEDULED 10:30 a.m. Business meeting, to consider pending Rules and Administration calendar business. FEBRUARY26 Business meeting, to consider pending SR-325 9:30 a.m. calendar business. 10:30 a.m. Appropriations SR-301 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Transportation Subcommittee 2:00 p.m. To hold hearings on the semi-annual re­ To hold hearings on S. 2169, making sup­ Armed Services view of the Resolution Trust Corpora­ plemental appropriations for fiscal To hold hearings on the impact of the de­ tion. year 1992 for programs that will pro­ fense builddown (decrease in defense SD-538 vide near-term improvements in the spending) on the United States indus­ 1:30 p.m. nation's transportation infrastructure trial base. Appropriations and long-term benefits to those sys­ SD-192 Defense Subcommittee tems and to the productivity of the 2:30 p.m. To hold closed hearings on proposed United States economy. Commerce, Science, and Transportation budget estimates for fiscal year 1993 for SD-138 Surface Transportation Subcommittee global defense programs. Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on proposed legislation SD-116 Science, Technology, and Space Sub­ to authorize funds for AMTRAK. 2:00 p.m. committee SR-253 Armed Services To hold hearings to review NASA's pro­ Select on Indian Affairs To hold hearings on managing the de­ posal to restructure their Earth Ob­ Business meeting, to mark up S. 1602, to fense builddown (decrease in defense serving System program (EOS), which ratify a compact between the spending). SH-216 is designed to conduct long-term meas­ Assinibone and Sioux Indian Tribes of urements of the Earth's environmental 2:30 p.m. systems. the Fort Peck Reservation and the Appropriations SR-253 State of Montana; to be followed by an VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ Energy and Natural Resources oversight hearing on the President's committee Business meeting, to consider the Views proposed budget request for fiscal year To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ and Estimates Report for fiscal year 1993 for Indian programs. timates for fiscal . year 1993 for the 1993 of the portions of the Federal SR-485 American Battle Monuments Commis­ budget under the committee's jurisdic­ sion, the Selective Service System, and tion. Army Cemeterial Expenses. SD-366 SD-138 February 24, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3197 Select on Indian Affairs on the unified commands military MARCH 18 To continue hearings on the President's strategy and operational requirements. 9:30 a.m. proposed budget request for fiscal year SR-222 Commerce, Science, and Transportation 1993 for Indian programs. Veterans' Affairs Science, Technology, and Space Sub­ SR--485 To hold joint hearings with the House committee Committee on Veterans' Affairs to re­ FEBRUARY28 To hold hearings to examine NASA's view the legislative recommendations space station and launch issues. 9:30 a.m. of the Paralyzed Veterans of America, SR-253 Commerce, Science, and Transportation the Blinded Veterans of America, WWI Select on Indian Affairs Communications Subcommittee Veterans, Military Order of the Purple To resume oversight hearings on the im­ To hold hearings on S. 1200, to establish Heart, Association of the United States plementation of the Indian Gaming a new national goal that by the year Army, Retired Officers Association, Regulatory Act (IGRA). 2015 the U.S. has established an ad­ and Vietnam Veterans of America. SH-216 vanced, interactive, interoperable, 345 Cannon Building broadband communications system na­ 10:00 a.m. MARCH 19 tionwide. Appropriations SR-253 9:30 a.m. Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary Appropriations 10:00 a.m. Subcommittee Foreign Relations VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ To resume hearings to examine the stra­ committee tegic nuclear reduction in a post-cold timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ war world. partment of State. timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Na­ SD-419 S-146, Capitol tional Science Foundation, and the Of­ Appropriations fice of Science Technology Policy. MARCH3 Transportation Subcommittee SD-124 To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ 9:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m. Appropriations Veterans' Affairs timates for fiscal year 1993 for the To hold joint hearings with the House Interstate Commerce Commission, and Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary Committee on Veterans' Affairs to re­ the Office of Inspector General. Subcommittee view the legislative recommendations SD-138 To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. 2:00 p.m. timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ 345 Cannon Building Appropriations partment of Justice. Special on Aging VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ S-146, Capitol To hold hearings to examine the effects committee Appropriations of fuel assistance and housing reduc­ To· hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Transportation Subcommittee tions on the elderly. timates for .fiscal year 1993 for the To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ SD-628 Consumer Product Safety Commission, timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Fed­ 10:00 a.m. the Office of Consumer Affairs, and the eral Highway Administration, Depart­ Appropriations Consumer Information Center. ment of Transportation. Agriculture and Related Agencies Sub­ SD-116 SD-138 committee Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Public Lands, National Parks and Forests MARCH20 timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. partment of Agriculture, focusing on To resume hearings on S. 1755, to reform Appropriations the Agricultural Research Service, the the concessions policies of the National Agriculture and Related Agencies Sub­ Cooperative State Research Service, Park Service. committee and the Extension Service. SD-366 To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ SD-138 timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ 2:30 p.m. MARCH6 partment of Agriculture, focusing on Appropriations the Farmers Home Administration, the Foreign Operations Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry the Rural Electrification Administra­ timates for fiscal year 1993 for foreign Agricultural Research and General Legis­ tion, and the Rural Development Ad­ assistance, focusing on multilateral de­ lation Subcommittee ministration. velopment banks. To hold hearings on the alternative uses SD-138 SD-138 of agricultural commodities, focusing Energy and Natural Resources on impediments to commercialization. MARCH25 Public Lands, National Parks and Forests SR-332 9:30 a.m. Subcommittee Appropriations To hold hearings on S. 1755, to reform the MARCH17 VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ concessions policies of the National 9:30 a.m. committee Park Service. Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ SD-366 Science, Technology, and Space Sub­ timates for fiscal year 1993 for the committee Neighborhood Reinvestment Corpora­ MARCH4 To hold hearings to examine an overview tion, and the National Credit Union 2:00 p.m. of NASA's budget for fiscal year 1993. Administration. Armed Services SR-253 SD-116 To hold hearings on proposed legislation 10:00 a.m. Select on Indian Affairs authorizing funds for fiscal year 1993 Appropriations To hold hearings on S. 1752, to provide for the Department of Defense and the Agriculture and Related Agencies Sub­ for the development, enhancement, and future year defense plan, focusing on committee recognition of Indian tribal courts. the unified commands military strat­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ SR--485 egy and operational requirements. timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ 10:00 a.m. SR-222 partment of Agriculture, focusing on Appropriations the Food and Nutrition Service, and Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary MARCH5 the Human Nutrition Information Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. Service. To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Armed Services SD-138 timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Fed­ To continue hearings on proposed legisla­ eral Communications Commission, and tion authorizing funds for fiscal year the Securities and Exchange Commis- 1993 for the Department of Defense and sion. the future year defense plan, focusing S-146, Capitol 3198 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 24, 1992 Appropriations the Agricultural Stabilization and Con­ APRIL30 Transportation Subcommittee servation Service, the Foreign Agricul­ 9:30 a .m. To hold _hearings on proposed budget es­ tural Service, the General Sales Man­ Appropriations timates for fiscal year 1992 for the Na­ ager, and the Soil Conservation Serv- VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ tional Highway Traffic Safety Admin­ ice. committee istration, and the Research and Special SD-138 To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Programs Administration, both of the timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ Department of Transportation. APRIL 7 partment of Housing and Urban Devel­ SD-138 10:00 a.m. opment. Appropriations MARCH 26 SD-G50 Agriculture and Related Agencies Sub­ 10:00 a.m. 9:30 a.m. committee Appropriations Appropriations To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Transportation Subcommittee VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ committee partment of Agriculture, focusing on timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Fed­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ the Commodity Futures Trading Com­ eral Transit Agency, and the Washing­ timates for fiscal year 1993 for the En­ mission, the Food and Drug Adminis­ ton Metropolitan Area Transit Author­ vironmental Protection Agency, and tration, the Farm Credit Administra­ ity. the Council on Environmental Quality. tion, and the Farm Credit System As­ SD--050 SD-138 Commerce, Science, and Transportation sistance Board. Consumer Subcommittee SD-138 MAY7 To hold hearings on S. 664, to require Appropriations 9:30 a.m. that health warnings be included in al­ Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary Appropriations coholic beverage advertisements. Subcommittee VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ SR-253 To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ committee timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Fed­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ MARCH27 eral Bureau of Investigation, and the timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ Drug Enforcement Administration, De­ 10:00 a.m. partment of Veterans Affairs, and the partment of Justice. Court of Veterans Affairs. Appropriations S-146, Capitol Agriculture and Related Agencies Sub­ SD-124 10:00 a.m. committee APRIL 8 To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Appropriations timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ 9:30 a.m. Transportation Subcommittee partment of Agriculture, focusing on Veterans' Affairs To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ the Animal and Plant Inspection Serv­ To hold joint hearings with the House timates for fiscal year 1993 for the U.S. ice, the Food Safety and Inspection Committee on Veterans' Affairs to re­ Coast Guard, Department of Transpor­ Service, and the Agricultural Market­ view the legislative recommendations tation. ing Service. of the AMVETs, American Ex-POWs, SD-138 SD-138 Jewish War Veterans, Non-Commis­ sioned Officers Association, National MAY14 APRIL 1 Association for Uniformed Services, 9:30 a.m. 9:30 a.m. and Society of Military Widows. Appropriations Select on Indian Affairs SD-106 VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ To hold hearings on proposed legislation committee to authorize funds for programs of the APRIL 9 To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Indian Health Care Improvement Act. 9:30 a.m. timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Fed­ SR-485 Appropriations eral Emergency Management Agency. 10:00 a.m. VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ SD-124 Appropriations committee 10:00 a.m. Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Appropriations Subcommittee timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Na­ Transportation Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ tional Aeronautics and Space Adminis­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ tration. timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Fed­ partment of Commerce. SD--050 eral Aviation Administration, Depart­ S-146, Capitol 10:00 a.m. ment of Transportation. Appropriations SD-138 APRIL 2 Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary 9:30 a.m. Subcommittee MAY21 Appropriations To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ 9:30 a.m. VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Na­ Appropriations committee tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad­ VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ ministration, and the Small Business committee timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Fed­ Administration. To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ eral Deposit Insurance Corporation, S-146, Capitol timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Na­ and the Resolution Trust Corporation. Appropriations tional Community Service, and the SD-116 Transportation Subcommittee Points of Light Foundation. 10:00 a.m. To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ SD-116 · Appropriations timates for fiscal year 1993 for Amtrak, 10:00 a.m. Transportation Subcommittee and the Federal Railroad Administra­ Appropriations To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ tion, Department of Transportation. Transportation Subcommittee timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Na­ SD-138 To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ tional Transportation Safety Board. timates for fiscal year 1993 for the Gen­ SD-138 APRIL 29 eral Accounting Office. 10:00 a.m. SD-138 APRIL 3 Appropriations 10:00 a.m. Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary MAY22 Appropriations Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. Agriculture and Related Agencies Sub­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Appropriations committee timates for fiscal year 1993 for the U.S. VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Information Agency, and the Board for committee timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De­ International Broadcasting. To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ partment of Agriculture, focusing on S-146, Capitol timates for fiscal year 1993 for the De- February 24, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3199 partment of Housing and Urban Devel­ opment and certain related agencies. SD-138