Index

Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables.

AAPG. See American Association of aeromagnetic modelling Alba Field 337–342 Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) NUG 33 Alba drilling technology 340–342 a˚1 Basin area 139 Africa. See also specific areas e.g. North cartoon geological models 340 Abolag-1 well Africa 4D data showing water cones 341 stromatolitic carbonates 680 erosion 679 4D seismic results 346 Taoudenni Basin 679 exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon 4D seismic showing OWC Abu Zenima 772 plays 681–682 movement 341 Acacus Formation 686 heritage palaeohighs 718 EOR mechanisms 346 acoustic impedance (AI) 510 orogen 708 fault baffling 340 Chalk units 543, 547 AFTA. See apatite fission track analysis fault interpretation 339 juxtaposition difference value of zero 513 (AFTA) field edge seismic tuning 342 PHIT relationship 547 aggradational prism 89 first step-change 337 South Arne 527, 528 aggrading channels injected sands 340 v. total porosity 543 architecture 84 lithology distribution 342 acoustic pull-ups central North Sea basin Late Neogene MPD 346 MMU 84 below Horizon 6, 83–85 pilot hole-attic oil capture 343 acquisition and processing. See Four geological controls 89–90 production 338 dimensional acquisition and processing Ægir ridges reservoir level acquisition plan spreading rates 579 faulting 337 ISROCK-96 seismic survey 556 Ahara High 712–714 seismic data history 339 Rockall Trough 556 Algeria 712–714 seismic datasets 340 active rifting interpretation 713–714 seismic technology 337–340 Angola 1046 stratigraphic architecture 712–713 shear impedance inversion 337 Adriatic basin Cambro-Ordovician succession TTD 346 geological sections 117 stratigraphic pinchout 712 UKNS maximizing offshore heavy oils hydrocarbon occurrences 117 chronostratigraphic chart 720 fields 337–347 Porto Corsini East gas field 122 Devonian succession 713 field history 337–342, 337–347 Adriatic Sea 121 interpretation 713–714 viscous oil 339 aeolian sandstones 826 shape 713 Alba Northern Platform (ANP) 340 aeromagnetic compilations stratigraphic architecture 712–713, 713 drilling slots 342 average density 570–571 Ahara uplift Al Basin basement rocks magnetic properties 570 Silurian 713 wells VR trends 100 basement structure map 575 Ahnet Basin 686, 729, 733, 738 Alberta bathymetry and topography map 561 Azzel Matti Ridge 720 BCG stratigraphic summary 1102 datasets 559–569 chronostratigraphic chart 720 British Colombia border 1106 aeromagnetic 560 Fammenian sediments 738 Cold Lake Field 7 bathymetric 559–560 Palaeozoic petroleum system 686 4D seismic steam conformance gravity 560–565 AI. See acoustic impedance (AI) maps 1149 petrophysical 565–569 airborne laser scanner 20 Cretaceous section 1099 topographic 559–560 Airy–Heiskanen root 565 Early Cretaceous 1102 Greenland 580–581 Ajjer Tassil outcrops heavy oil deposits 1142 magnetic data 579 Palaeozoic succession stratigraphic column Lower Cretaceous McMurray methods and applications 559–583 709 Formation 1062 modelling 571 Alaminos Canyon area sandstone v. conglomerate 1111 Norway 559–583 roof-edge thrust 904 Albian age Norwegian–Greenland Sea 579 Alaminos Canyon 818 site 1151–1152 Early results 569–580 Alaska Wabiskaw Formation 1144 basement structures 569–573 Amethyst State-1 well 637, 638, 639, 640 Albian–Cenomanian 120 North Atlantic oceanic spreading palaeotemperatures 639 foreland 124 578–580 Brookian sequence 828 hydrocarbon occurrences 124 quaternary sand channels 575–576 exhumation episodes 642 Albian Pinda carbonate play 1045 salt-related magnetic anomalies Mount Elbert Prospect 1151 Albian Wabiskaw Formation 1144 576–578 North Slope Albo-Aptian Kopervik Sandstone 53 sedimentary subcrop pattern 573–575 burial/uplift history 639 algal-derived fluorescent amorphous organic rocks magnetic properties 572 gas hydrates occurrence 1152 matter (AOM) 98 surveys 562, 579 individual episode magnitude 643 Algeria 707, 708, 709, 718, 721, 729, susceptibility log 577 location map 637 731, 733 aeromagnetic data acquisitions wells 640 Ahara High, Illizi, and Berkine basins NUG 33 sedimentary rocks magnetic properties 572 712–714 1198 INDEX

Algeria (Continued) time-lapse rock physics 528–533 mountain chains 113 Early Silurian Tannezuft hot shale thermal Tormore 283 Pliocene times 113 maturity 690 analogue models 19 Porto Corsini East gas field 122 field map 1168 Andrew fan axis 436 Settala gas field 123 Neoproterozoic geology 677 Andrew Formation Val d’Agri oil field 121 platform sub-basins 707–708 interbedded turbidites 431 Villafortuna–Trecate oil field 119 reservoirs 753 Aneth Field Appalachian Basin tectonic events 689 location map 1190 US 1090 Tihemboka High, Illizi and Murzuq basins Angola. See also specific location applied time-lapse seismic methods 715–716 active rifting 1046 523–534 Allen, Mark 589 biogenic source rocks TOC 1052 reservoir management 523–534 allochthonous biofacies block 12 South Arne 523–524 North Sea Eldfisk Field 481 thermogenic petroleum systems post-salt time-lapse rock physics AVO inversion Allochthonous Complex 119 1051 528–533 Almada Basin 875 block 15 compaction monitoring on northern crest conjugate margin evolution 879–880 post-salt gas plays 1050 532–533 data 868–869 block 31, 1014 fault control of injected water on SW 2D gravity modelling outline 870 block zero seismic amplitude gas flank 530–532 margin setting 869–874 indications 1051 reservoir depletion of northern crest nature of crust transitional domain database 1046 528–530 874–877 deepwater 1013, 1014 time-lapse seismic data acquisition salt diapirs 871 direct gas indicators 1054 524–528, 525 total rift setting 877–879 estimated methane solubility 1054 AVO inversion 526–527 Almada–Gabon margin 868 future gas exploration 1043–1057 time shifts 525–527 Alpin Anticline 967 biogenic gas unconventional petroleum time-lapse time shift observations 528–533 seismic profile 969, 972 system 1052–1056 Aptian 662 Alpine conceptual Neoproterozoic petroleum coal-bearing muddy sediments 598 collision 265 system 1055–1056 Apulian Platform 119 compression 975 regional framework 1044–1045 Cretaceous age 120 orogen 113 thermogenic petroleum systems geological sections 117 Alpine Foredeep 743 1045–1052 hydrocarbon occurrences 117 Alpine foreland Post-Aptian salt plays 1049–1052 Val d’Agri oil field 121 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips 25 Pre-Aptian salt plays 1045–1049 aquifer Alportian–Pendleian mudstones 1091 gas discoveries 1047 saline 1191, 1195 Alps 113 gas generation schematic 1052 seal capacity Villafortuna–Trecate oil field 119 generalized basal heat flow 1048 determined 498 Alston Block 1091, 1092 hydrocarbon maturation studies 1046 v. holes 502 Altay mountains 660 methane generation microbial ecosystem Arab Field amalgamated turbidites 279 succession 1053 Jurassic GDE map 795 Amerasia Basin 589, 590 oil exportation 1043 Arab Formation American Association of Petroleum oil production 1043 carbonate grainstone 795 Geologists (AAPG) 13 possible biogenic gas play 1055 grainstones 796 Amethyst State-1 well, Alaska 637, 638, 639, pre-salt gas plays 1046 Arabian Palaeozoic petroleum 640 sedimentary basins 1044, 1044 system 692 palaeotemperatures 639 syn-rift areas 1046 Arabian Plate 684, 812 amplitude variation with offset (AVO) 245, ANP. See Alba Northern Platform (ANP) geology 792 279, 448 Anti-Atlas 729 Middle East exploration potential 794–799 applied time-lapse seismic methods Antrim Shale-analogues with biogenic Ara Group 674 528–533 methane in Europe 1083 Arctic 641. See also Russian Arctic shelves compaction monitoring on northern crest AOM. See algal-derived fluorescent (RAS) geology 532–533 amorphous organic matter (AOM) assessment of undiscovered petroleum fault control of injected water 530–532 apatite fission track analysis (AFTA) 633, 980 resources 621–631 reservoir depletion of northern crest Amethyst State-1 well 638, 639, 640 frontier margins 823 528–530 Arctic 641 offset and curvature of Novaya Zemlya character 443 burial history reconstruction 635 645–656 distribution 441 Carboniferous sandstones 996 sedimentary basin 590 Donan Field 439, 441, 442 Denmark 642 Areoligera gippingensis biomarker 435 signature 439 detailed analysis 639 Argana Basin 930 Forties response with gas v. oil 220 Eocene palaeogeothermal gradients 636 location map 922 gas sand calculation 291 Gro-3 well in Nuussuaq Basin 640 Argana Valley 927 gas sand thickness uncertainty 295 Norwegian wells 989 Arkitsa fault, Greece Laggan 283, 285, 289, 291, 295 palaeotemperatures characterizing 636 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips Lochranza field development 449 Svalbard 640 24–25 net gas sand map 285 Trail Island 641 Arne–Elin Graben 129 rock physics analysis 437 Apennines 113 Arnsbergian Sabden Shale Seismofacies 289 Eocene to Pliocene times 113 general characteristics 1088–1089 traces 294 frontal thrusts 121 A sandstones structural map 283 geological sections 117 Dooish 950 Tormore 283, 296 hydrocarbon occurrences 117 Dooish area 950 INDEX 1199

Rockall Basin 946, 950 Atlas Basin stratigraphic column 1066 Rockall Basin palaeodrainage 944, 946 Morocco 928 TOC 1067, 1073 Ashgill aged glacial valleys 717 Atwater Valley 1151 upper v. lower 1073 Askrigg Block 67, 1092 Auðhumla Basin Williston Basin 1065–1076 Asl Sandstone 778, 778 bathymetric gorge 973 Bakken hydrocarbon pools Asmari carbonate reservoir Auðhumla Basin Syncline 969, 973 GOR 1073 Cenozoic age 791 seismic profile 973 oil gravity data 1073 Asterosoma 133 Auk–Argyll–Flora area 60–62 Bakken member facies core photos 135 Auk–Argyll region 58, 59 maturity 1070 Asti Formation Auk–Flora Ridge 66 pseudo van Krevelen diagram 1070 foreland ramp 123 seismic profile TOC 1070 Atar Group 679 along crest 61 Bakken petroleum system 1065–1076 Athabasca crossing northern flank 62 analytical techniques 1067 Lower Cretaceous McMurray Dogger Granite 63 data sources 1067 Formation 1141 southern flank 60 geological overview 1065–1067 Athabasca Basin Auk Terrace 200 goals 1067 heavy oil deposits 1145 remnant topography 196 results 1068–1073 sediments 1144 Australia. See also specific location bulk geochemical signature 1068–1073 surface mining map 1149 Jackson Field 355 gas–oil ratio 1071–1072 Athabasca Oil Sands petroleum systems 828 oil density 1072–1073 Lower Cretaceous McMurray Austria. See also specific location phase behaviour 1070–1071 Formation 1062 shale 1081 pyrolysis gas chromatography reservoir characterization 1141–1150 Austrian Unconformity 742 1068–1069 Athabasca reservoir characterization impact recognition 749 source rock kinetics 1070 1141–1150 AVO. See amplitude variation with Bakken shales managing large well datasets 1149–1150 offset (AVO) TOC 1066 regional setting 1141–1144 Avon shale 206 Balder Field 46 reservoir heterogeneity 1147–1149 Awanat Wanin I formation hydrocarbons 48 stratigraphy 1144–1147 incised valleys 712 Balder Formation Atlantic. See also specific areas e.g. North Axial Structural Domain Eocene age 45 Atlantic Novaya Zemlya 651 maturity map 662 borderland axis-perpendicular sub-regional correlation Balder Sand Formation 49 location map 922 Dagny area 173 Balmoral. See also Lower Balmoral crustal thickness map 864 Sigrun–Gudrun area 168–173 sandstone system 441 lead space plots 948 Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli (AGIP) Baltica Craton 604 pre-drift reconstruction 1031 113–114 Baltica Timanide sources 595 Atlantic basins AZIP. See Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli banked oil 356 base basalts 1028 (AGIP) Barents Basin 604 Mesozoic 938–940 Azzel Matti Ridge 716 geological cross-sections 600 seismic section 1028 chronostratigraphic chart 720 plate-tectonic setting 603 Atlantic Margin Silurian sediments 717 Barents–Kara region 592, 593 basin inversion 971 areal occurrence 602 bathymetric map 964 back-barrier sediments depth-to-basement map 599 Cenozoic unconformities 974 Gert-1 well 148 petroleum play elements chart 601 geological and structural features 844 Upper Jurassic barrier island system of Barents Megabasin 598 imaged sub-basalt strata 1029 Freja discovery 149–150 Barents–Pechora Shelf 601 Ireland thick sediments 924 Badenian Barents Province 598–603, 600, 601 Mesozoic 938–940 deepwater marine shales 1126 Barents region 598 Permo-Triassic Basin evolution 921–934 Baghewala Oil Field gas trap formation 603 Central High Atlas Basin, Morocco Rajasthan, India 676 Barents Sea 564, 565, 591 931–934 Bai Hassan basement thickness 893 developing analogue depositional wells 804 Cenozoic exhumation 928–929 Bakken Fairway 1065 episodes 637 Fundy Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada Bakken Formation 1066, 1075 exhumation episodes 642, 643 929–931 API 1075 exhumation histories 634–637 geological framework 921–927, bulk kinetic parameters 1067 free-air gravity field 595 922–925, 925–927 computed transformation ratios 1071 geology 634 integrated regional study 921 Devonian age 1065 high-resolution aeromagnetic provenance studies 927–928 gas chromatography analysis 1067 surveys 576 structural and terrane map 923 GOR 1067, 1074, 1075 individual contributions to basement depth Atlantic sub-basalt hydrocarbon prospectivity maturity map 1069 map 889 1025–1031 MSSV 1072 individual episode magnitude 643 Faroe–Shetland and Møre basins oil gravity data 1067, 1074 Moho map 892 1025–1028 PEE 1070, 1073 Paleocene cooling 637 Rockall 1028–1029 petroleum generation threshold 1072 remapped 560 seismic data acquisition and petroleum migration 1066 Barents Shelf 593, 649 processing 1025 PGI 1070, 1073 basinal connections 656 Atlantis Field phase distribution map 1071 fold-and-thrust belt 646, 653 OBS nodes 1016 Rock-Eval pyrolysis 1067, 1069, 1070 palaeogeography maps 655 1200 INDEX

Barents Shelf (Continued) basin-centred gas (BCG) 1104, 1112 benthic biofacies pre-Permian subsidence events 647 distribution 1106 Eldfisk Field 480 structural curvature 654–656 3D structure 1117 Bergman, Steve 589 structural pattern 651 gas expulsion 1112 Berkine Basin 686, 688, 712–714, 712 subsidence history 654–656 gas–water transition zone schematic 1114 burial history 689 Barnett Shale 7, 1131 reservoirs 1099 Cambro-Ordovician configuration 714 bedding-parallel fractures 1137 seismic profile 1115 chronostratigraphic chart 720 Fort Worth Basin 1087, 1088 structural geometry at thrust Devonian succession 714 fracture 1137 front 1117 Frasnian source rocks 689 gas production 1087 systems 1099 interpretation 713–714 mudrock cores 1134 tight gas 1121 isopach map 714 mudrock sample 1137 Western Canada 1099–1122 Palaeozoic succession stratigraphic subcritical crack index measurements 1138 Cadomin Formation 1104–1106 column 709 tall calcite-sealed fractures 1133 depositional model 1104–1105 stratigraphic architecture 712–713, 713 thermal maturity 1087 rock properties 1105–1106 tectonic events 689 UK shale gas 1087 deep basin stratigraphy 1100–1101 Triassic reservoirs 689 barrier island sandstones fractures 1118–1120 Berry, John 589 Freja discovery area 146 Gething Formation 1106 Beryl Embayment area 46 palaeotopography 150 interpreting internal fold structure 1116 Besano Shales 118 reservoir architecture 145–154 megascale structure 1115 foreland 124 basal heat flow Nikanassin Formation 1101–1104 hydrocarbon occurrences 124 Angola 1048 depositional model 1102–1103 BGS. See British Geological Survey (BGS) basal Silurian hot shale source rock rock properties 1103–1104 Bighorn Basin 5 Murzuq Basin 689 reservoir 1112–1113 hydrocarbons 6 basal Silurian succession 712 seismic stratigraphic mapping Big Sandy shale gas field 1087 basal Triassic Bunter Shale 38 1120–1122 Bill Bailey’s Bank 966–967 basalts Spirit River Formation 1106–1110 Billund delta 983 escarpments 969, 970 Cadotte Member 1108–1110 biofacies NE Atlantic basins 1028 Falher Member 1106–1108 allochthonous 481 Palaeogene age 1025 Notikewin Member 1108 benthic 480 Rockall–Faroe area 969, 970 structural style 1113–1114 Early Maastrichtian Tor basal Volgian–Ryazanian megasequence water saturation 1111–1112 Formation 484 unconformity (BVRU) 196, 204 Western Canadian BCG basin model Eldfisk Field 480 broad log character motifs 199 1110–1111 Late Campanian Magne Formation 483 formation 200 basin modelling 78 Late Danian Middle Ekofisk Formation 488 tectonic reconfiguration events 209 basin setting/sea-level response Late Danian Upper Ekofisk Formation 488 well correlation 198, 202 deepwater reservoirs 49–50 Late Maastrichtian Tor Formation Subzone Base Balder unconformity Bastrup delta 983 485, 486 Faroe–Shetland Basin 975 bathymetric gorge Mid-early Danian Lower Ekofisk base basalts Auðhumla Basin 973 Formation 487 NE Atlantic basins 1028 North Ymir Ridge anticlines 973 North Sea Eldfisk Field 479–481 Base Buzzard 373 Batnfjordsøra 918 Upper Ekofisk Formation 488 Base Chalk Bayesian Belief Networks biogenic gas Central North Sea Chalk role 502 global petroleum systems 6–7 accumulations 122 hydrocarbon discoveries v. aquifer seal bay-fill 164 Angola 1055 capacity 505 wireline-log cross-plot 165 Angola future gas exploration 1052–1056 Base Cretaceous 38 Bay Fill Facies Association 163 conceptual Neoproterozoic petroleum clastics 433 Hugin Formation sedimentology 159–162 system 1055–1056 prospect map 433 description 159 fairway 1053 surface 44 interpretation 159–161 Netherlands petroleum exploration 264 Base Cretaceous Unconformity (BCU) 177, sequence stratigraphy 161 unconventional petroleum system 186, 419, 505 wireline-log character 161–162 1052–1056 aquifer gradient 502 bay-fill mudstones biostratigraphy 376 hydrocarbon discoveries v. aquifer seal gamma ray logs 161 A1-NC198 exploration well in Kufra Basin, capacity 504 transgression 161 SE Libya 761–769 basement Bazhenov Formation Balmoral sandstone system 441 Caledonian or Precambrian 893–894 gas yield 665 Buzzard Field 375 definition 893 source rocks 661 Central Graben 77 Base Permian Saalian Unconformity 37 BCG. See basin-centred gas (BCG) Eldfisk Field 474, 490 base salt maturity present day BCU. See Base Cretaceous Unconformity Hugin Formation 174 Bucomazi Formation 1048 (BCU) Laggan wells 288 base volcanic reflector 1038 beach ridges 148 Lower Balmoral sandstone reservoir 440 Base Zechstein Beatrice Oilfield 1090 Middle Ekofisk Formation 476 fault trends 43 Beavington-Penny 589 Pentland succession 193 Basilicata–Calabria accretionary arc Bechar Basin 725, 733 turbidite lobe 381 Val d’Agri oil field 121 bedding-parallel fractures bioturbated shale-prone interval basin architecture carbonate concretions 1137 Kristin Field 425 deepwater reservoirs Palaeogene v. Late Belayim Land Field 778 bitumen 1141 Jurassic 50 Bennett Island 597–598, 598, 610 Bivrost Lineament 571, 893 INDEX 1201 black shales 1095 Bouguer gravity 565 Bunter Shale Cambro-Ordovician 1080 data 567 Triassic age 262, 270 Carboniferous age 1092 profiles 574 basal 38 Dniepr-Donets Basin 1081 Bovanenkovskoye fields 664, 664 burial anomaly 987 mineralogy 1092 Bovanenkovskoye gas charge 666 burial history modelling principal source rocks 1092–1096 Bowland Shale coal-measure source rocks 71 UK shale gas 1091–1096 black shale 1095 Burns reservoir Early Jurassic age 1081 Lower 1095 LKO 345 Europe 1081 mudstones thickness 1096 Bush Formation petroleum system 674 Infracambrian age 676 thickness 1095 Buzzard discovery 48 Jurassic age 1096–1097 Brazil. See also Almada Basin; Camamu Buzzard Field 53, 377 Kimmeridge Clay 1096 Basin; Santos Basin appraisal well correlation 373 Lower Bowland 1095 margins 879 biostratigraphy markers 375 Lower Palaeozoic age 1091 Bouguer-corrected gravity anomaly field bottom hole pressure 378 Poland 1080 870, 873 B4 reservoir 381 Silurian age 762, 1080 characteristics 873 Central Panel wells 384 UK shale gas 1090–1091 COB 870, 873, 873, 877, 878 chemostratigraphic sand 384 Bled el Mass area conjugate margins 876 data acquisition 372 Djebel Tamamat 716–718 conjugate transects 877 depositional sequence compensational block 1 continental lithosphere thinning 865 stacking 385 dynamic modelling study 397 crustal extension 869 development area location map 370 block 12 crustal-scale gravity modelling 868 downhole gauge data 379 post-salt thermogenic petroleum geological map 869 end 2007, 377–379 systems 1051 gravity modelled transect 872 exploration 371 block 15 gravity modelling 869, 871 geochemical data interpretation 380 post-salt gas plays 1050 gravity modelling transect 871 interference data plot 378 block 31 hinge-lines 878 late 2005 to end 2006, 375–377 extrasalt 1015 MCS profile 874, 875 consistent biostratigraphic interpretation location 1013, 1014 plate reconstructions 870 376–377 petroleum geology 1013 POC 874 pre-development drilling results RMS amplitude extractions 1015 rifted 856, 859, 877 375–376 salt coverage 1014 subsidence analysis using flexural pre-development geological model 377 salt geometries 1014 backstripping 859 location 369 subsalt areas 1015 tectonomagmatic evolution 879 mid 2003, 372–374 WATS survey acquisition area 1023 Bream Field geological model at field sanction block zero seismic amplitude gas indications hydrocarbons 987 373–374 1051 Brennand 38 reservoir stratigraphy 372–373 Blodøks Formation 540 Brent Delta systems seismic interpretation 373 Blomidon Formation 929, 931, 932 Jurassic age 174 mid 2003 reservoir stratigraphy 372–373 Bo Member Brent Field 43 planar laminated shales 375 depth range 97 Brent Formation sandstones 565 pressure measurements 377–379 hopanes 107 Bridge Anticline 969–970 reservoir from appraisal to production hopane:sterane ratio 103 Cenozoic sediments 969 369–384 oil-prone 98 seismic profile 972 Southern Panel wells 384 oil-prone shales 103 British Columbia stratigraphy 372 sapropelic kerogen photomicrographs Alberta border 1106 today mid 2009, 379–384 102 Alberta sandstone v. Buzzard chemostratigraphy integration source rock potential 104 conglomerate 1111 380–381 thermal maturity map 101 BCG stratigraphic summary 1102 reservoir connectivity current wells GR 99 Horn River Basin 1079 understanding 382–384 Book Cliffs of Utah 24, 52 British Geological Survey (BGS) 27 revised geological model 381–382 Boreal Ocean 420 British Sedimentological Research Group top reservoir depth map 371 borehole Leak Off Test (BSRG) 27 wells 374 Central North Sea 496 Broad Fourteens Basin 269 Buzzard Field Development Plan 372 Bossier sandstones Brookian sequence appraisal drilling 373 East Texas Basin 1112 Alaska 828 Donan 448 bottom-simulating reflectors (BSR) Brooks, Jim 31 Buzzard reservoir 380 gas hydrate 1152 Brown Shale 1087 geological model 384 Nankai Trough 1153 B sandstones model 380 bottom-water currents Rockall Basin 946 Buzzard Sandstone Member Cenozoic compressional structures 963 palaeodrainage 944–946, 947 palaeogeography 370 Faroe Bank Anticline 967 BSR. See bottom-simulating reflectors (BSR) BVRU. See basal Volgian–Ryazanian Hatton–Rockall Basin 965 BSRG. See British Sedimentological megasequence unconformity (BVRU) North Rockall Trough 973 Research Group (BSRG) bypassed oil 349 Rockall–Faroe 972–973, 973 Buah Formation 674, 679 defining 349 compression 973 Buchan Graben 369, 371 locating 349, 351 Wyville–Thomson Ridge 969 Bucomazi Formation Nelson Field 365 Bouguer anomaly generalized base salt maturity present day T70 366 Norwegian continental shelf 887 1048 T70 unit 366 1202 INDEX bypassed pay calibrated INSAR satellite images 1169 3D seismic data acquisition 343 case histories 456–461 surface elevation changes 1169 dual-lateral wells 346 Type 1 Scenario A 456–457 Callovian age geosteering LWD tools 345 Type 1 Scenario B 457–459 Kimmeridgian basin breakup 205 phased development areas 345 Type 1 Scenario C 459 Kimmeridgian erosion 209 pilot well example 345 Type 2 Scenario A 459 Kimmeridgian megasequence 192, 203 reservoirs 343 Type 2 Scenario B 459–460 Humber Group 186–192 showing main reservoir intervals 344 Type 2 Scenario C 460–461 regional sequence stratigraphic UKNS maximizing production 337–347 classification 454, 455 correlation of wells 183 Alba Field development 340–342 evolution 455–456 well correlation 204 drilling technology 343–344 commerciality 456 Late 186 field history 340–342 identification 455–456 Ryazanian interval pilot holes 344–345 resources estimation 456 sequence stratigraphic schemes 179 pilot well example 345 identification 453–461 unconformities 185 Well A3 pilot holes 346 net pay 453 tectonostratigraphic succession 186 Captain Sand pay 453–454 Caltanissetta accretionary arc Lower 343 types 454–455 Gela oil field 120 Caradocian Qasim Formation 695 Type 1 Scenario A 454 Camamu Basin carbonate Type 1 Scenario B 454 conjugate margin evolution 879–880 Albian Pinda play 1045 Type 1 Scenario C 454 data 868–869 Alpine foreland 25 Type 2 Scenario A 454 margin setting 869–874 buildups 733 Type 2 Scenario B 455 continent–ocean boundary 872–874 facies 826 Type 2 Scenario C 455 crustal architecture 870–872 grainstone 795 Gabon 872 methane gases 1094 Cadomin Formation 1099–1104, 1122 Northeast Brazil 870–871 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips 25 basin-centred gas in Western Canada structural inheritance 869–870 platforms 823 1104–1106 M-reflector 875 slump Eldfisk Field 479 depositional model 1104–1105 nature of crust transitional domain carbon capture and storage (CCS) 1061, 1155 rock properties 1105–1106 874–877 defined 1165 dip and strike seismic profile 1115 crustal extension mode 876–877 rationale 1165–1166 Lower Cretaceous age 1100 exhumed mantle 875–876 scale 1165–1166 outcrop photograph 1103 S-reflector resemblance 876 technology 17 porosity–permeability cross-plot 1110 total rift setting 877–879 underground gasification 1155–1162 pressure–depth plots 1113 transect construction 868–869 carbon constrained world thickness 1109 2D gravity modelling outline 870 preparation 1189–1195 Cadotte Member Camamu margin 868 anticipated carbon storage capacity 1195 basin-centred gas in Western Canada Cambrian age commercial-scale deployment project 1108–1110 basin remnant 681 overview 1193–1195 dip and strike seismic profile 1115 Novaya Zemlya 652 completed and ongoing validation permeability v. porosity cross-plots 1111 plays in North Africa 682 tests 1190 upper shoreface sandstones isopach 1110 succession 707–710 Gordon Creek Field 1193–1195 calcispheres 481 fluvial sandstones 717 medium-scale validation project impacts calcite-sealed fractures North Africa 684 1193 Barnett Shale 1133 Cambro-Ordovician age Paradox Basin 1190 hydraulic fracture treatments 1133 Ahara High 712 Permian Basin 1190–1191 New Albany Shale 1138 black shales in Europe 1080 San Juan Basin 1191–1192 reactivation 1133 configuration and Berkine Basin 714 SWP terrestrial pilot test 1192–1193 Caledonian basement 888, 889, 893–894 North Africa stratigraphy terrestrial Riparian Restoration Project mid-Norwegian margin 895 682–686, 684 1192–1193 Vøring margin 890 succession stratigraphic pinchout 712 carbon dioxide 1155. See also Sleipner carbon Caledonian erosion 754 Campanian age dioxide plume Temis 3D model 757 Magne Formation biofacies map 483 emissions 1189 Caledonian event 686 sediments 482 flow characteristics 1184–1186 Caledonian gravity collapse 893 Canada. See also specific location geological storage 1165–1169 Caledonian Høybakken detachment 890 BCG 1099–1122 challenges 1167 Caledonian nappes 889, 890 gas hydrates occurrence in Mallik 1153 geography 1166 Caledonian orogeny 265 heavy oil deposits 1141 options 1166–1167 Caledonian unconformity Mackenzie River Delta 1153 storage 1166 Upper Silurian age 711 ultra-heavy oil 1062 depleted oil and gas fields 1166–1167 Caledonoid granite core Williston Basin 1066 experience at In Salah project potential field modelling 61 canopy-margin thrust systems 1167–1169 calibrated difference reflectivity (CDR) 517 salt tectonics emerging concepts 904–905 monitoring demonstration 1168–1169 4D acquisition and processing Captain Field 342–346 saline formations 1167 additional 4D noise reduction 521 attic oil map 346 satellite imagery 1169 processing flow improvements 520 Captain pilot holes 344–345 unconventional oil and gas resources improvements 522 cross section showing reservoirs 344 1063 map 519 discovery 342 volumetrics 1166 processing and acquisition 521 drainage schematic 345 history-matching flow simulations reductions 520 drilling technology 343–344 1171–1182 INDEX 1203

injected hydrocarbon migration Late Carboniferous 730 rifted continental margin seismic 1183–1188 Late Devonian regression 725–729 profiles 839 carbon dioxide flow characteristics Latest Vise´an to Serpukhovian Rockall–Faroe area 963, 974 1184–1186 transgression 729 Scandinavia 982 implications 1186–1188 Late Tournaisian regression 729 Slyne Basin 1005 Utsira Formation 1183–1184 Late Tournaisian to earliest Vise´an structural elements 265 Sleipner Field 1063 transgression 729 thrust-and-fold belts 113 Sleipner plume 1171–1182 potential stratigraphic trapping types uplift 916 store 16 731–733 Val d’Agri oil field 121 UCG with CCS 1158–1159 Carbonate buildups 733 Viera Anticline 971 Utsira Formation 1185, 1187 depositional pinchout 731–733 Central Europe well integrity 1167 incised valley-fills 732 Pannonian Basin 1126, 1126 carbon dioxide water contacts (CWC) Serpukhovian–Bashkirian incised Central Graben 226. See also Danish Central 1173–1174 valleys 733 Graben (DCG) structural analysis 1177 Strunian to Tournaisian incised valleys biostratigraphic records 77 Carboniferous age 320, 321 733 chalk lithostratigraphic nomenclature 473 basin configuration 72 truncation traps 731 Dutch 265 black shales 1092 Vise´an incised valleys 733 East 180, 189 Dniepr–Donets Basin 1081 Vise´an transgressive–regressive cycles high-amplitude reflector 185 mineralogy 1092 729 shoreface deposition 190 principal source rocks 1092–1096 subcrop 318, 319, 322 horizon between four wells 82 UK shale gas 1091–1096 total organic content (TOC), 1092 horizon characteristics 81 block and basin structure 71 Unayzah formations 697 Humber Group 177–210 Central North Sea petroleum system 57–74 Variscan Foreland Basin 1080–1081 seismic profile 80 geophysical methods synthesis 67–69 Catskill Mountains seismic profile perpendicular to basin axis hydrocarbon prospectivity implications gas-generated hydraulic fractures 505 80, 81 69–74 CCS. See carbon capture and storage (CCS) sequence stratigraphic schemes 179 play types and traps 71–74 CDR. See calibrated difference reflectivity tectonic reconfiguration evidence source rocks 69–71 (CDR) 200–201, 200–205 potential field modelling 63–67 Celtic Sea basins 924 Central High Atlas Basin, Morocco 929 input model construction data 64–65 location map 922 Atlantic margin Permo-Triassic Basin sub-Permian basin architecture 65–67 Cenomanian age evolution 931–934 three-dimensional forward 63–64 deltaic coals 663 location map 922 three-dimensional inversion fields 660 Permian section 930 solution 65 fluvial-deltaic deposits 662 Central North Sea (CNS) 70, 178 seismic interpretation 59–63 gas charge 660, 662, 663 aquifer seal capacity 505 Auk–Argyll–Flora area 60–61 gas fields 667 borehole Leak Off Test 496 Jaeren high area 62 gas volumes 664 Carboniferous basin configuration 72 Mid North Sea High area 61 Iabe Formation 825 Carboniferous petroleum system sub-Zechstein relationships 60–63 play 659, 662, 663 57–74, 69 West Central Shelf 62–63 Pokur Formation 659, 662, 663 crystalline basement surface 73 source rocks 69–71 reservoirs 664 diapir flank structure 518 sub-Zechstein well sections 57–59 traps 664, 666 direct pressures in chalk 498 Chiswick Field UK SNS reservoir Cenozoic age 46. See also Early Cenozoic age discoveries analysis 503 317–319, 319 Arctic synchronous exhumation 633–643 dry holes 497, 503 Early 730 Asmari carbonate reservoir 791 Gannet Area 46 Krechba reservoir 1168 Barents Sea 637 Huntington discoveries 213–223 Late Bridge Anticline 969 hydrocarbon discoveries 497 Netherlands petroleum exploration 263 clastic input 273 v. aquifer seal capacity 504, 505 palaeogeography maps 655 compression 118, 963 v. aquifer seal capacity histogram 502 North Africa compressional structures 963 hydrocarbon leakage 493 outcrops 726, 727 deep Oligocene play 698–700 hydrocarbon seal capacity calculations plays 731 deepwater reservoirs Palaeogene v. 499–501 sequence frameworks 728 Late Jurassic 45–46 Jasmine discover 225–242 petroleum system 74 Early 847, 849 lithostatic stress 496 sandstone 641, 996 East Greenland continental margin 975 location 350 sediments 316 exhumation 637 long-offset seismic data 58 shallow marine 596 intraplate inversional swells areal pressure-depth plot 496 Shannon Basin 23 occurrence 602 retention capacity 496 source rock 71, 73 Late 971 stratigraphic thicknesses control 504 source rocks elevated structural Middle East exploring potential of Tay formation fan system 46 locations 71 hydrocarbon plays 673–702 Triassic 407 stratigraphic traps 725–733 Mordor Anticline 967 Triassic strata truncation 41 Early Bashkirian regression NE Atlantic Margin unconformities 974 wells 58 729–730 Netherlands petroleum exploration with Central North Sea Basin 85 Early to Middle Tournaisian stratigraphic plays 273 aggradational channels 91 transgression 729 North Africa exploring potential of channel troughs traces 89 global transgressive–regressive cycles hydrocarbon plays 673–702 depositional model 91 730–731 North Africa volcanic centers 673 erosive trace along channel base 90 1204 INDEX

Central North Sea Basin (Continued) Ekofisk Formation 464 Westphalian 319 Late Neogene development contour Eldfisk Field 475 Westphalian B 319 currents 77–92 facies 495 field history 315–316 aggrading channels geological controls holostratigraphic approach 473–491 phase I field development 321–323 89–90 holostratigraphic study 473 development plan 321 channels and salt diapir leakage zones hydrocarbon seal 505 drilling results 321 85–86 inversion results 545 Gamma well 321 contour current depositional setting JCR 473 phase II field development 322–323 evidence 86–89 Late Cretaceous age Rotliegend reservoir 319 geophysical data and methods 78 Inoceramid bivalves 480 seismic interpretation 319–320 Late Neogene basin development Netherlands petroleum exploration with database 319 implications 90–92 stratigraphic plays 269–273 depth conversion 320 regional background 77–78 lithostratigraphic nomenclature 473 interpretation 319–320 results 78–85 North Sea 538 stratigraphy 316–317 aggrading channels below Horizon 6, basin 479 structural history and stratigraphy 83–85 well correlation diagram 540 316–317 channel features detailed mapping 83 PHIE v. true vertical depth 541 structure 316 Late Neogene succession PHIT 546 Westphalian 319 seismic-stratigraphy 78–83 reflector 4D seismic monitoring 343 Venture Production’s involvement 315 Merganser leakage zone 88 represents 539 wells penetration 317 three channel pathways 88 reservoir and non-reservoir 495 chlorite time-sliced map 89 Tor Formation 464 coatings 292 Central North Sea Chalk units 541, 546 Laggan 279, 284, 289 aquifer seal capacity 496–497 Chalk Group porosity and permeability preservation 288 methods comparison 497 AI-PHIT relationship 547 Chondrites facies core photos 135 deep overpressure hydrocarbon producing 273 Chukchi Basin 613 comparisons of dry holes and discoveries petrophysical log analysis 547 HC play elements 614 497–502 time isochore map 539 internal structure 613 base Chalk 502 well log correlation 547 Chukchi Peninsula 597 base Cretaceous unconformity 502 Chalk Sea 88 Chukchi Sea 591, 598, 608 top reservoir/base seal 498–502 channel axis drainage cells 365 RAS sedimentary basins and petroleum low porosity and low permeability 497 channel features detailed mapping geology 611–614 pressure transition zone 493–495 central North Sea basin Late Neogene 83 Chukchi Shelf mud pressure profiles 494–495 channelized turbidites structural elements 612 non-reservoir characteristics 494 geological characteristics 351 Cimmerian age role as regional seal 495 channel troughs traces Late Upper Cretaceous pressures 494 Central North Sea basin 89 rift architecture and stratal geometries role in development of deep overpressure chaotic hummocky basin floor facies 1035 44–45 493–506 chaotic hummocky mounded facies 1035 tectonics and fault geometries 39 seal breach analysis 495–496 charging giant gas fields North Sea hydrocarbon systems 37–45 Central Panels 369 Siberia Basin 659–667 reservoir distribution controls 38–39 Buzzard Field 384 chemostratigraphy 374 rifting seismic line 44 high-density turbidites 372 A1-NC198 exploration well, Kufra Basin, Clair Field 32, 299–313 injection well 382 Libya 767 core segment 311 OWC 372 material and methods 765 data acquisition packages 306 Central Structural Domain results 765–766 depletion lack 310 Novaya Zemlya 651 study objective 765 development 299–313 Central Taimyr Fold Belt Buzzard Field 384 discovery 299 crustal tectonic 594 Chimney Rock Shale 1190 fault juxtaposition 310 Central Trough 43, 48, 50 China field pressure decline graph 308 deepwater reservoirs Palaeogene v. Late Drilling Expedition GMGS-1, 1153–1154 first water injector well data 308 Jurassic 49 Chiswick Field 316 formation pressure tests 307 salts regional traverses 45 appraisal well results 317 4D difference map 311 wells 51 BP drilled appraisal well 315 4D seismic data 311 central Utah deltaic reservoir analogues Carboniferous depth structure map 317 fractured oil reservoir 299–313 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips 24 Carboniferous rocks 316 fractures 300 central West Siberian basin 661, 662 Carboniferous subcrop 318, 319 fractures azimuth establishment 305 Central Ymir Ridge Anticline gas producers 321 Graben segments 301 seismic profile 971 geological well section 322 granulation seams 310 Cervia Mare hydraulic fracture locations 322 horst segments 301 Porto Corsini East gas field 122 intra-Carboniferous reflectors 319 injector positioning and timing CGGVeritas 249 LASMO drilled well 315 307–310 Chalk location 315 location 299 acoustic impedance v. total porosity 543 location map 316 location and seismic data coverage 300 biostratigraphic analysis 474 seismic section 320 LoFS 311 Central Graben 473 stratigraphic column 318 managing field start-up 303–310 characterized 539 UK SNS overcoming multiple uncertainties data acquisition strategy 304–306 composite seismic section 543 315–323 early well results 306–307 composition 463 Carboniferous reservoir 317–319 producer-led start-up 303–304 INDEX 1205

OBC dataset 301 Cold Lake Field, Alberta 7 Craven Group oil and water production data 4D seismic steam conformance maps 1149 black shale 1095 309, 311 4D seismic surveys 1149 Pennine Basin 1092–1093 original field development plan 303 Colin Oakman core workshop 27–28 shale 1093 petrographic analysis 310 commercial-scale injection test Creaney, Steve 589 play in Yell Basin 960 Gordon Creek Field, Utah 1193–1195 Cretaceous age 420. See also Early pre-development appraisal 301–302 common risk segment (CRS) mapping Cretaceous age; Late Cretaceous age reservoir communication 306 process 791 Alberta 1099 reservoir pressure 309 defined 794 Alpine orogen 113 reservoir quality 300 play fairway 794 Apulian Platform succession 120 seismic line and crossline 302 compressional structures breakup 855 start-up, oil production profile 312 Rockall–Faroe area compression chalk Tor Formation 225 streamer dataset 303 Hatton Bank Anticline 964–965 clastics 1118 structure and stratigraphy 299–301 conceptual play model depocentres 846 3D seismic data 303 Lower Cretaceous early syn-rift stage 962 Early 1100, 1102 Top Unit V 301 Lower Cretaceous rift initiation 962 Faroe–Shetland Basin syn-rift play Top Unit V map 303 Middle Jurassic pre-rift sandstone 962 953–962 uninterpreted seismic data West Shetland Platform 961 gas yield 665 comparison 304 conceptual stratigraphic architecture Khaz Dumi and Garau major play water breakthrough 310–312 Judy Member 409 systems 793 water injector well data 309 conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) Late 811–818 well data 306, 307 probe Lewis Shale 1091 well interference testing 309 Rockall Trough 550, 554 Middle Witch’s Hat segment 309, 310 Congo 827 early syn-rift stage mature 962 Clair Group craton 876 Faroe–Shetland syn-rift play 957–958 stratigraphy and matrix properties 300 Congo Basin relay ramps 962 Clair Unitization and Field Operating Lower 1044 stratigraphic interpretation 1121 Agreement 299 3D seismic survey 1045 Møre Basin 420 Clare Shale 23 gas discoveries by play 1047 oil 808 clastic basin fill conjugate continental margins petroleum system 119–120 stratigraphic traps 269 bathymetry contours 868 reservoir 803, 805 clastics 262 crust deformations 880 Faroe–Shetland syn-rift play 958–962 Jurassic–Cretaceous 1118 rifting and crustal thinning 877 early syn-rift 961 Clavering Island 641 continental crust 825 Greenland analogues 958–959 Clavering Ø continental epeiric sea basins 828 Jurassic rift stage 960 thermal history solutions 998 continental margin rift initiation 960–961 clay mineral deeper structure 824 structural control on sedimentation Shiranish Formation 816 petroleum plays 975 959–961 Claymore Field 391 post-rift evolution 824 syn-rift plays 961–962 claystone packages subsidence and heat flow history 840 Rockall Basin sandstones 1031 Buzzard Field 384 continental red beds 934 stratigraphic interpretation 1121 Clearwater Formation 1144 continental shelf syn-rift play models 962 Cleo-1 wells 138 Norway sedimentary rocks properties 572 tight gas sandstones 1120 Clyde Field continental uplift 827 Vøring Basin 1031 subdivided 182 continent–ocean transition (COT) 6, 868 wedge 1114–1116 CNS. See Central North Sea (CNS) Faroe Islands 838, 840 crew change 1 coal HVLC P-wave velocities 831 CRIP. See controlled retractable injection Cenomanian deltaic 663 controlled retractable injection point (CRIP) point (CRIP) gas content 1091 1156 Cromer Knoll 495 gasification 1063 controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) mudrock 505 gasifying in situ 1156 survey 254, 258, 828 Cromer Knoll Group 186, 495 Pennine Basin 1093 Northern Judd Basin T38 sequence cross-bedded sandstone source rocks 71 prospectivity 254–258 Garn Formation 423 underground gasification 1155–1163 Suilven 257 CRS. See common risk segment (CRS) coal mines T38 anomaly 257 mapping process deaths 1160 Cooles Farm borehole 1090 crustal scale deformation coastal plain 164 cooling episodes 996 North Sea hydrocarbon systems 39–41 facies 163, 167 core intervals 28 crustal thinning 6 description 167 Corrib gas field 938 Cruziana ichnofacies 164 Hugin Formation sedimentology 167 Dooish K-feldspars 950 Cryogenian age interpretation 167 sandstones 949 Dar Cheikh Group 677 sequence stratigraphy 167 Corsica crystalline basement wireline-log character 167 Pleistocene age Golo turbidite system 382 depth 67 sequence stratigraphic surfaces 185 COT. See continent–ocean transition (COT) Devil’s Hole Granite 68 Cockburn Basin counter-depositional dip 46 Devono-Carboniferous basin 72 geoseismic profile 926 Crag Formation 90 Ireland 948 Coffee Soil Fault 537 Craven Basin 62 lead space plots 948 Cold Lake development southern margins analogue 64 output 69 Imperial 1147 thickness 1093 overlain with gas chimneys 73 1206 INDEX crystalline basement (Continued) distribution 129–141 model data 412 sub-Zechstein composite layer 72 Lower Volgian shoreface sandstones parameter sensitivities 411 three dimensional model 70 138–139 porosity–depth realization 412 C sandstones depositional environment 139 reservoir depth 412 Rockall Basin 946 palaeogeography 139 results 412–414 Rockall Basin palaeodrainage 946, 947 reservoir characteristics 139 Deep Judy model results 412 CSEM. See controlled-source methods 129 initial gas rate v. CGR 412 electromagnetic (CSEM) survey palaeogeography 135–136 model data 412 CTD. See conductivity–temperature–depth reservoir characteristics 133–134 parameter sensitivities 411 (CTD) probe structural setting 127–129 porosity-depth realization 412 Curlew area Upper Kimmeridgian shallow marine reservoir depth 412 well correlation 198 sandstones 136–137 RF v. CGR/GOR 412 Curlew Embayment 191 depositional environment 136–137 sensitivity 414 deltaic conditions 190 reservoir characteristics 137 deep Triassic reservoirs CWC. See carbon dioxide water contacts Upper Kimmeridgian to Lower Volgian porosity–depth relationships 410 (CWC) sandstones 137–138 production behaviour 410 Cylindrichnus 133 depositional environment 137–138 deepwater 48 Czech Republic palaeogeography 138 Angola 1013, 1014 shale 1081 reservoir characteristics 138 Badenian marine shales 1126 Upper Middle Volgian to Ryazanian far-outboard areas 823 Dagmar Field 544, 547 sandstones 139–141 fold belts 823 Dagny area depositional environment 139–141 Gulf of Mexico 1014 axis-perpendicular sub-regional correlation palaeogeography 141 Ormen Lange system 917, 918, 920 173 reservoir characteristics 141 deepwater reservoirs well-log correlation panel 171 sandstone play area 95–111 basin architecture 50 Dakhla source rock 788 methods 95–96 ESB and Jameson Land 49 Dan Field 543 oil composition and source 103 Late Jurassic v. Palaeogene age 50 Danian age petroleum evaluation 95–111 North Sea hydrocarbon systems 45–50, 50 Chalk Group deposition 538 regional setting 96 basin setting/sea-level response Ekofisk Formation 539, 541 sedimentological and biostratigraphical 49–50 biofacies map 487, 488 data 129 Cenozoic examples and play Late 488 sedimentological core log 140 considerations 45–46 Danish Basin 569, 576 simplified structural profile 129 Central Trough Upper Jurassic individual contributions to basement depth source rock maturity and quality 96–103 comparison 49 map 891–892 generative kerogen estimation 101–103 provenance/hinterland 49 potential field 892 kerogen composition 96–100 sandstone injectites 46 Precambrian basement 895 source rock potential 104 Upper Jurassic deepwater depositional Danish Central Graben (DCG) 95 steranes in oils and source rocks 110 systems 46–48 barrier island sandstone reservoir structural elements 146 Palaeogene v. Late Jurassic 45–50 architecture 145–154 structural map 128 provenance/hinterland 49 Freja discovery 148–153 structural section 98 salt withdrawal role 50 back-barrier sediments 149–150 syn-rift sedimentary fill 96 Default Thermal History 634, 635, depositional environments 149–150 time stratigraphic chart 128 636, 639 shoreface sandstones 150 Upper Jurassic Delaware Formation 456 stratigraphy 149 barrier island sandstone 145–154 De Long Massif 597 thick stacked 150–153 isochore map 128 deltaics 826 Holocene–Recent Rømø 146–148 reservoir sandstones 127–142 central Utah reservoir analogues 24 methods 146 sandstone play area 95–111 depocentres 823 morphology and depositional succession 128 DEM. See digital elevation model (DEM) environments 146 wells 131, 132, 133, 146 Denmark 563. See also Danish Central palaeogeographic reconstruction 148 Danish North Sea Graben (DCG) vertical section trough Rømø barrier location map 538 basin 569, 576, 891–892, 895 island 147–148 time isochore map 539 Danish–German basin 891 biomarker ratios for oils and source rocks Danish Wadden Sea 148, 149, 151 Felicia-1 wells AFTA data 642 108–109 Darag sub-basin North Sea 538, 539 chronostratigraphic scheme 130 seismic profile 780 Norwegian Basin 891 cores sedimentology 129 Dar Cheikh Group petrophysical samples locations 568 facies distributions and basin evolution 134 Late Cryogenian age 677 potential field anomalies 891 Late Kimmeridgian palaeogeographic map Dawn Anticline 967–968 sedimentary rocks magnetic 152 bathymetric gorge 973 properties 572 Late Kimmeridgian to Ryazanian 134 DCG. See Danish Central Graben (DCG) Wadden Sea 148, 149, 151 log correlation panel 131, 132, 133 DDB. See Dniepr–Donets Basin (DDB) depositional architecture Lower Cretaceous succession 128 Dead Sea fault system 812 tectonic and climactic influence 934 map 96 deaths depositional shoreline break (DSB) 82 oil types 95–111 coal mines 1160 depth velocity plots potential kitchen areas 110 debates compaction depth–velocity 750 reactive kerogen wells 106 GeoControversies 11–17 Desana Formation reservoir sandstones 127–142 Deep Joanne model 412–414 Settala gas field 123 depositional environments 129–133 gas and oil recovery factors 412 desiccated reservoir 1112 INDEX 1207 detrital potassium feldspars Diplocraterion 161 Dumbarton Project birth 441–442 lead 940 dipmeter 1147 field redevelopment plan 443 isotope analysis 827 direct gas indicators leveraging technology 443–447 isotopic composition 950 Angola 1054 reappraisal 441–442 detrital zircon Disko 981 reservoir modelling 442–443 geochronology 6 Djebel Tamamat area 716–718 technologies influencing appraisal global database 6 interpretation 717–718 437–441 plate reconstruction 6 stratigraphic architecture 716–717 residuals map 445 Devil’s Hole Granite wedge geometry 717 rock physics model 439 crystalline basement output 68 Djebel Tebaga structure map 441 depth contours 68 Austrian Unconformity 743 time slice 445 3D model showing granite morphologies 68 Dniepr–Donets Basin (DDB) wedge modelling 442 Devil’s Hole High wells 59 Carboniferous black shales 1081 Donan model Devonian age 711. See also Early Devonian cross-section 1081 layer-cake 435 age shale 1081 revised 436 Ahara High 713 Dogger Granite 65 Donan reservoir argillaceous 750 crystalline basement output 68 pressure plot showing depletion 443 Bakken Formation 1065 depth contours 68 Dooish A sandstones 950 basin development 57 3D model showing granite morphologies 68 Dooish gas condensate discovery, Eastern Berkine Basin 714 DOM. See digital outcrop model (DOM) Rockall Basin 938 Brown Shale 1087 Donan Field 443, 446 palaeodrainage 940–942 Carboniferous basins 66 appraisal well location 434, 441 Dooish potassium feldspars 950 3D display of crystalline basement AVO 439, 441, 442 Corrib gas field 950 surface 73 data summary 450 Porcupine Basin 950 locations 69 discovery and appraisal of well results 434 Rockall Basin margin 950 chronostratigraphic diagram 747 drilling efficiencies 449 Slyne Basin 950 depth velocity plots 750 FDP 448 Dooish sandstones Exshaw Western Canada Basin 1075 FPSO 443 deposition 948 Ghadames Basin 711 full stack seismic data 440 lead space plots 947 Ghadames–Illizi Basin 756 geological model 432 potassium feldspar 947 Horn River Basin, British Columbia 1079 high-resolution biostratigraphy 437 Dooish well hot shale 756 high-resolution dinocyst-based Ireland 939 hydrocarbon prospectivity 686–688 biostratigraphy study 434 lead concentration 942–943 Jaurf Formation 692 historical behaviour analysis 442 Downey, Marlan 16 Kyle Limestone 59 infill locations 437, 448 motion National Oil Companies petroleum Late 725–729, 745 lithology impedance volume 447 industry future 13 GDE map 746 location map 432 Drachev, Sergey 589, 590 Mississippian Bakken Formation 1065 oil price trends chart 437 drainage cells 350, 350 Muskwa Shale 1079 overburden canyons 445 creation 361 Netherlands petroleum OWC behaviour 444 number and location 367 exploration 266 polarity flip 440 Drauppe Formation 100 North Africa stratigraphy 686–688 post-well analysis 441 Drilling Expedition palaeogeography maps 655 production history 443 GMGS-1, China 1153–1154 regional-scale synthesis 57 production plot 435 UBGH1, South Korea 1154 sandstones 569 redevelopment 437 drilling technology 340–342 stratigraphic succession 710 renaissance old field in new landscape drill stem tests (DST) 372, 374 stratigraphic wedges 715, 721 431–450 dry holes v. aquifer seal capacity 502 succession 707–710, 713, 714 beyond second oil Donan 2007–?, DSB. See depositional shoreline break (DSB) Tihemboka 715 447–449 DSDP Leg 96, 1151 unconformities types 711 2008 drilling campaign 448–449 DST. See drill stem tests (DST) Williston Basin 1065 infill well performance 449 Duffield borehole diagenetic trapping 262 preparing for infill drilling 448 TOC 1095 diapiric salt well performance 447 Dumbarton Project 431, 442, 443, 447, 449 Gulf of Mexico 902 first life Donan 1987–1997 431–437 birth 441–442 intrude downwards 911 abandonment 437 development wells 446 Niendorf II diapir 903 Donan changing geological view production performance 447 diapirs 899. See also Salt diapirs 435–437 Dutch Central Graben 265 Central North Sea 518 Donan discovery and appraisal flank structure 518 431–432 earliest Volgian 204 Gulf of Mexico 900, 901 Donan field development 432 Early Albian age Hildesheimer Wald 902, 903 early field performance 432–434 Wabiskaw Formation 1144 intrude salt plumes 900 infill drilling 434–435 Early Cambrian age Niendorf II 902 location and block history 431 basin remnant 681 rise 905 future challenges 449 North Africa plays 682 stages 901 identifying remaining potential 449 Early Carboniferous age digital elevation model (DEM) 20 Lochranza birth 449 North Africa 730 digital outcrop model (DOM) 20 new beginning prospects Donan Early Cenozoic age Dinantian palaeogeography United 2001–2007 437–447 Laramide Orogeny genetic basin analysis 5 Kingdom 69 development drilling 443 magmatic underplating 847, 849 1208 INDEX

Early Cenozoic age (Continued) Early Pleistocene age seismic mapping 786–787 Middle East exploring hydrocarbon plays progradational system 83 source 783 673–702 early post-rift 961 stratigraphy and tectonic framework 783 North Africa exploring hydrocarbon plays Early Silurian age Western Desert 697 673–702 Tannezuft hot shale 690 EIA. See Energy Information Administration Early Cretaceous age Tanzuft 743–745 (EIA) Alberta 1102 Tanzuft Source Rock 744 Eikesdalen 918 Cadomin Formation 1100 early syn-rift 961 Eileen Gas Hydrate Accumulation 1152 conceptual play model 962 conceptual play model 962 Ekofisk Field DCG 128 Early Tournaisian age 729 Lower 475–476 Faroe–Shetland syn-rift play 957 Early Triassic age porosity and bulk volume water 477 faults analytic signal shaded relief map 576 North Atlantic region 949 Ekofisk Formation 463, 473, 478, 523, 542. McMurray Formation Early Volgian age See also Lower Ekofisk Formation Alberta 1062 basin-scale palaeogeographic air–mercury capillary pressure 469 Athabasca 1141 reconfiguration 205 biofacies map 487, 488 Athabasca Oil Sands 1062 palaeovalley model 205–206 cementation factor 466 fluvial estuarine point bar sequence 1147 prospect-scale models 206–207 Chalk 463, 464 isopach map 1146 reactivation 205 Chalk well micrographs 467 steepbank river outcrop 1146 reconfiguration for exploration models core data 468 Netherlands petroleum exploration 205–207 depth trend 468 268–269 sequence J64 199 effective stress 532 Nikanassin Formation 1099 sequence J66a 195, 199 Hg-capillary pressure 467 Rauwerd stratigraphic trapping 272 shoreface sandstones 138–139 Middle 488 rifting in Ghadames–Illizi Basin 741–742 depositional environment 139 porosity, water saturation and rifting in mid-Norwegian margin 849 palaeogeography 139 PWFT 469 rift initiation 962 reservoir characteristics 139 reservoir 525 sandstone 958 turbidites 206 shale to gas-bearing chalk 465 sediment 1100 uplift 205 time-lapse time shift 532 Spirit River Formation 1101 Earth model Upper 488 syn-rift stage 962 channel complex details 1018 water saturation 465 thickening in Ghadames–Illizi density mode 1018 Eldfisk Alpha Basin 742 model-based band-limited reflectivity 1018 porosity v. permeability plots 479 West Shetland Platform 956 NATS data 1018 Eldfisk Bravo Early Devonian age velocity mode 1018 planktonic foraminifera 486 Caledonian unconformity 711 East Central Graben (ECG) 180, 189 Eldfisk Field fluvial sediments 714 high-amplitude reflector 185 benthic biofacies groups 480 isopach map 714 shoreface deposition 190 biostratigraphical database 474 MPath modelling 758 Eastern Structural Domain biostratigraphic and tectonostratigraphic palaeogeography maps 655 Novaya Zemlya 651 summary 490 Tadrart formation outcrop 711 East Shetland Basin (ESB) 43, 44, 48 carbonate slump 479 Tadrart play 758 deepwater reservoirs 49 Chalk 475 Tadrart reservoir GDE map 748 East Siberian Sea 593, 611 Chalk sequences unconformities 480 Early Eocene age East Siberian Sea Province (ESSP) Cretaceous reworking 478 burial 635 crustal domain 609 depth map 474 Early Jurassic age petroleum geology 611 environmental factors 479 black shales 1081 RAS sedimentary basins 609–611 fine-grained nannofossil component 481 Netherlands petroleum exploration with tectonic history 609 holostratigraphic approach to chalk stratigraphic plays 268 East Texas Basin 473–491 paralic sandstone units 419 Bossier sandstones 1112 holostratigraphic study 474 petroleum system 118–119 Ebbing, Jorg 589 hydrodynamic sorting pattern 479 Posidonia shale 263–264 EBN. See Energie Beheer Nederland B.V. intra Danian reworking 478 source rock 271 (EBN) location 473 Early Maastrichtian age Eburnean Orogeny 677 location map 474 porosity and bulk volume water 477 ECBM. See enhanced coal bed methane planktonic bathymetric foraminifera Tor Formation biofacies map 484 (ECBM) biofacies groups 480 Early Miocene age 635 ECG. See East Central Graben (ECG) planktonic morphotypes 479 Pannonian Basin 1126 Edoras–Hatton margin porosity and bulk volume water 477 Early Neogene age LCB 849 reworked horizons 478 exhumation 983–984 EGR. See enhanced gas recovery (EGR) stratigraphic summary 476 Early Oxfordian age Egret Field tectonic and eustatic events 489 sequence J46 186 high production performance 405 El Gassi Shale 684 Early Palaeozoic age Egypt. See also specific locations Elgin–Franklin area 189, 193 black shales 1091 geological section 699 Elgin–Franklin–Shearwater–Erskine trend genetic basin analysis 5 Nile Delta 699, 700, 701 productive reservoirs 187 stratigraphic architecture 718 North Red Sea basin hydrocarbon Elm Coulee 1065 Early Permian age prospectivity 783–788 Emgyet Shale 686 basin development 57 gravity/magnetics 787–788 Emsian flooding surface 713 Rotliegend Group 325 reservoir and seal 786 stratigraphic pinchout 716 sediments deposition 739 seismic acquisition and processing 786 endorheic dryland system 406 INDEX 1209

Endro˜d Formation 1126 ERD. See extended reach drilling (ERD) facies. See also shoreface Energie Beheer Nederland B.V. (EBN) 261 wells associations 164, 933 Energy Information Administration (EIA) Erris Basin 1009–1012 carbonate 826 1079, 1189 data reprocessing 1009 chaotic hummocky basin floor 1035 Energy Resources Conservation Board exhumation estimates from seismic chaotic hummocky mounded 1035 (ERCB) 1141, 1145, 1147 velocity data 1010–1012 coastal plain 163, 167 England. See also specific location location map 1006 core photos 135 biogenic shale gas 1080 reprocessing example 1010 DCG 134 Carboniferous TOC 1092 seismic interpretation 1009–1012 Hugin Formation 160–161 CCS 1162 Slyne Basin 1009–1010 Ile Formation 424 thermogenic shale gas 1080 Erskine area Joanne Member 407, 410 UCG case study 1162 shoreface environments 191 Lagoa Feia lacustrine 862 wells 1089 ESB. See East Shetland Basin (ESB) map 361 enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) 1190 Essaouira Basin 926 Mississippian 267 enhanced gas recovery (EGR) 1158 ESSP. See East Siberian Sea Shiranish Formation 815–816 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) 1158, Province (ESSP) sigmoid aggradational 1035 1165–1166, 1190 Eugene Island Block 338 Field Tofte Formation 426 Ensign Field fluid saturation crossplot 461 units description 1035–1038, 1037–1038 appraisal Phase I 329–332 production profile 460 facies 5 well 48/14a-5 evaluation 330–332 seismic velocity 461 movement direction 1038 illite cementation 330 Euphrates Graben facies 6 well 48/14-2 evaluation 329–330 geological cross-section 812 movement direction 1038 hydraulic fracture stimulation Shiranish Formation 811–818 Faleide, Jan Inge 589 parameters 330 stratigraphy 813 Falher Member 1103, 1104 appraisal phase II 332–335 Syria sedimentology 811–818 basin-centred gas 1106–1108 well 48/14a-6 evaluation 332–335 EUR. See expected ultimate Fammenian sediments drilling induced fractures 333 recovery (EUR) Ahnet Basin 738 faults 333 Eurasian–African plate collision Fangst Group fractures 333–334 tectonic cycle 90 shallow marine 419 appraisal wells 329 Eurasian Arctic Farne Granite 65 core porosity–permeability 330 onshore fold belt 593 crystalline basement output 68 discovery 325 tectonic events 593 depth contours 68 field history 325 Eurasian Basin 589, 590 3D model showing granite morphologies 68 hydraulic fracture proppant size and Eurasian Continental Margin Faroe Bank Anticline 967 volumes 331 free-air gravity field 595 bottom-water current activity 967 improving well deliverability 325–336 Europe 31–33. See also specific location Faroe Bank Channel 973 Leman Sandstone depth map 326 Antrim Shale-analogues with biogenic Faroe Bank Channel Syncline 967 Leman Sandstone reservoir 327 methane 1083 seismic profile 968 location 325 basin architectures regional-scale Faroe Island Basalt Group (FIBC) 1033 map showing location 326 polyphase rifting 42 Faroe Islands 832, 836, 837, 865 overburden interval 329 black shale 1081 conceptual breakup models 863 productivity in tight gas reservoirs exploration 32 COT 838, 840 335–336 exploration and exploitation techniques 33 description 1033 reservoir sedimentology 327–328 field development and production 32–33 effect of LVZ 834 reservoir structure 328 gas shales case studies 1080–1083 geological structures 1034 reservoir zones 328 Pannonian Basin 1126, 1126 geophone component 835 Schlumberger FMI 332 Petroleum Geology Conference series intra-basalt units 1033–1040 seismic interpretation 328–329 history 31 iSIMM seismic profile 838 seismic section showing proceedings overview 31–32 map 1026 overburden 328 shale gas 1079–1083 North Atlantic Ocean 1033 stratigraphic sequence 327 regional overview 1079–1083 profile constraints 839 stratigraphy 327 European Margin P-wave velocity structure 836 structure and tectonic setting 325 lead potassium-feldspar data 937 rifted continental margins 836 Venture’s appraisal campaign 335 EUROSTRATAFORM project 914 sub-basalt LVZ 839 well data 327 exotic fragments TD 1033 Eocene age originate 910 3D seismic data 1033–1040 Apennines 113 travel 911 wide-angle data 835 Balder Formation 45 expected ultimate recovery (EUR) Faroe–Shetland Basin 245, 246, 252, Gannet Area 46 Joanne 415 827, 837 hemipelagic, deep-marine deposits 984 Judy 415 Base Balder unconformity 975 North Atlantic breakup transition 986 Judy Field 412 complete crustal structure 1027 palaeogeothermal gradients 636, 640 expendable conductivity–temperature–depth conceptual breakup models 863 plateau basalts 957 (XCTD) probe crustal thickness map 864 Tay formation fan system 46 seismic acquisition 557 Faroe–Shetland syn-rift play 953 EON Ruhrgas UK Exploration and expendable sound speed probe (XSP) future exploration 962 Production Ltd 223 seismic acquisition 557 hydrocarbon provinces 1025 EOR. See enhanced oil recovery (EOR) Exshaw Western Canada Basin 1075 Mesozoic–Palaeozoic structural play 954 ERCB. See Energy Resources Conservation extended reach drilling (ERD) wells 340 Paleocene age 281 Board (ERCB) extensional margin evolution 867 structural features 300 1210 INDEX

Faroe–Shetland Basin (Continued) caveats and discussion 515 interpretation 167 structural setting 959 defining damage zone 510 sequence stratigraphy 167 sub-basalt hydrocarbon prospectivity defining fault network 509–510 wireline-log character 167 1025–1031 fault relative analysis associated with Hugin Formation sedimentology 166–167 syn-rift play 953–962 damage zones 510–513 wireline-log cross-plot 165 UKCS location map 280 fault-sealing potential 509–515 FMH. See Forties-Montrose High (FMH) Faroe–Shetland Channel inner zone 509 FMI. See Schlumberger Full-bore sub-basalt imaging 1034 outer zone 509 Micro-Imager log data (FMI) Faroe–Shetland region 953–962 reservoir depletion 532 Foinaven Field 248 Cretaceous reservoir formations 958–962 rift oblique lineaments 961 foreland 124 early syn-rift 961 sealing potential 509–515 Asti Formation 123 Greenland analogues 958–959 zones 958, 961 basin 113 Jurassic rift stage 960 fault damage zone (FDZ) 509 Italy hydrocarbon occurrences 113–125 late syn-rift and early post-rift 961 index volumes 512 Mesozoic carbonate substratum 119 rift climax 961 FDZ. See fault damage zone (FDZ) Po Plain 119 rift initiation 960–961 Feda Graben 82, 103, 136, 150 ramp 122, 123 structural control on sedimentation wells VR trends 100 thrust propagation folds 122 959–961 feldspars. See also detrital potassium Foreland Basin 1 Megasequence 738 syn-rift plays 961–962 feldspars; potassium feldspars Hercynian Orogeny 739 Early Cretaceous 957 concentration 942–943 Pre-Hercynian burial 738 exploration history 953 detrital lead isotope analysis 827 Pre-Hercynian structures 738–739 Late Cretaceous 958 Dooish potassium 950 Foreland Basin 2 megasequence 743 methods 953–954 Dooish well 942–943 Former Soviet Union (FSU) 13 Mid-Cretaceous 957–958 European Margin 937 Forties Field Mid-Late Cretaceous 958 provenance technique 934 bypassed oil target 365 onshore analogues 955 Felicia-1 wells, Offshore Denmark depth structure 221 Pre-Early Cretaceous 957 AFTA data 642 sandstone reservoir prediction 221 reflection seismic data 953–954 Fell Sandstone Group 59 well log section 222 structural map 954 Fennoscandian grid 565 Forties-Montrose High (FMH) 203, 350 structural observations 955–958 Fennoscandian Shield 598 Early Volgian reactivation 205 wells 954–955 Fernie Formation palaeogeographic maps 205 Farsund Formation 139 interbedded sandstones 1116 recording reactivation 204 dead carbon average proportion 106 Ferron Sandstone 24 seismic line 203 depth map 98 lidar studies 24 Fort Worth Basin (FWB) 1131 depth range 97 FFZ. See Florianopolis Fracture Zone (FFZ) Barnett Shale Formation 1087, 1088 HI v. depth plot 102 FIBC. See Faroe Island Basalt Group (FIBC) Mississippian Barnett Shale 1087 hopane:sterane ratio 103 fieldtrips forward and inverse model 8 immature to marginally mature petroleum geoscientists virtual 19–25 Fosen Peninsula 565 samples 103 Finland 563 fossil fuel 1189, 1193, 1195 kerogen 98 Finnmark 565 Foula Formation 930 non-bioturbated claystones 139 Fisher Bank Basin four dimensional acquisition and processing oil window 96, 102 Jurassic age 214 517–522 PI v. depth plot 102 wells 218 acquisition repeatability 521 sandstones and siltstones 141 five-tile WATS 1021 analysis method 517 sapropelic kerogen photomicrographs and Fjellanger, Erik 589 case study details 517–518 oil immersion 102 Fladen Ground Spur 48 CDR calculation 518–521 shales 98 flank well additional 4D noise reduction 521 source rock potential 104 example of interpretation 1008 improved acquisition repeatability source rock quality 96 Flett Basin 520–521 thermal maturity map 101 gas-prone 252 processing flow improvements 520 TOC contest 105 Flett Sub-Basin noise levels 517 fault. See also specific name location map 280 noise reduction 521 analytic signal shaded relief map 576 floating production storage and North Sea case study 517–522 Arkitsa 24–25 offloading (FPSO) repeatability measurements 517 48/14a-6 well evaluation 333 Donan Field 443 seismic CDR 521 Base Zechstein 43 Maersk Oil’s Leadon Field 443 surveys 521 control 532 Flora Field 59 four dimensional model displacement 806 Florianopolis Fracture Zone (FFZ) 855 Alba data showing water cones 341 fold 1118 flowing tubing head pressure (FTHP) 315 Alba seismic showing OWC movement 341 imaging 512 fluvial distributary system 408 Clair field difference map 311 inner and outer seismic distortion zones 510 fluvial erosion Cold Lake Field seismic conformance maps Jurassic age 576 Ormen Lange system 918 1149 juxtaposition difference 515 fluvial sandstones response characterized 312 network 513, 515 Cambrian succession 717 seismic data AI volume-rendered view 513 fluvio-deltaic distributary system 86 Clair field 311 juxtaposition difference values 513 fluvio-tidal channel-fill 164 monitor 311 Puffin horst area 43 facies association 163 Nelson Field areal flow detection relative seismic volume analysis 509–515 facies association D 166–167 controls methods 360–361 case study 513–515 description 166 OWC 342 INDEX 1211

seismic monitoring Chalk reflector 343 sequences J52 and J54 186 chromatography seismic response T70 sequence 362 shallow-marine 177 analysis 1067 seismic surveys 366, 1147 subdivided 182 Bakken petroleum system 1068–1069 Cold Lake Field 1149 well 22/30b-11 189 chain length distribution 1071 stem flooding monitoring 1145 well log section 222 Coal Measures 1091 four-tile WATS 1021 Fundy Basin 928 condensate FPSO. See floating production storage and Atlantic margin evolution and fill Joanne Sandstone Member 228 offloading (FPSO) 929–931 Triassic Skagerrak Formation 228 fractures. See also Hydraulic fractures detailed analysis 929 West Limb core area 233 bedding-parallel carbonate location map 922 Corrib 938, 949, 950 concretions 1137 Permian and Triassic sections 930 Cretaceous sources 665 calcite-sealed 1133, 1138 FWB. See Fort Worth Basin (FWB) Deep Judy model results 412 Ensign enigma 335–336 direct gas indicators in Angola 1054 gas-generated hydraulic 505 Gabon enhanced recovery 1158 horizontal well 48/14a-6 335 conjugate margin evaporitic Europe case studies 1080–1083 model 808, 809, 809 deposits 874 generated hydraulic fractures 505 strike-slip element 804 crustal architecture 872 greenhouse 1189, 1192–1193 oil reservoir 299–313 margin 868, 872, 878 initial rate v. CGR 412 reservoir models 23 hinge-lines 872 Italy 115 stimulation process 325 tectonosedimentary 879 Judy model 414 well 48/14-2 332, 336 Gaffney, Cline & Associates (GCA) 13 Jurassic sources 665 well 48/14a-6 336 Gaffney, Peter 13–14 Leningradskoye field drainage area 663, Taq Taq field appraisal and development Gaggiano Field 664, 665 807–808 Villafortuna–Trecate oil field 119 liquefied natural 827, 1044 well 48/14a-6 evaluation 333–334 Gamma well Lower Congo Basin discoveries by France. See also specific location challenging gas development 321 play 1047 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips 24 Ganges–Brahmaputra 827 North Africa occurrences 762 Franz Josef Land Archipelago 598 Gannet Area Pokur Formation 663, 664 Fraser, Al 589 Eocene Tay formation fan system 46 recovery 412 Frasnian age Garau major play systems 793 recovery factor 414 charge 754 Gargaff Arch 710–712 Settala field 122, 123, 123 ‘hot’ shale 754 chronostratigraphic chart 720 shales 1080–1083 source rocks deposition 722 geological map 710 South Arne rock physics model 528 source rocks kitchen maps 757 incised valleys 712 Tanopcha Formation 663, 664, 665 unconformity 686 interpretation 711–712 thermogenic shale gas 1080 Freja Field 145, 152 Siluro-Devonian succession stratigraphic trap formation East Barents region 603 barrier island sandstones 146 architecture 711 typical permeability reservoirs 1159 palaeotopography 145, 152 stratigraphic architecture 710–711 UK shale gas 1091 well log panel 154 Garn Formation 421, 422–423 Urengoy field drainage 665 Freja–Mjølner Field 146 chlorite 422 wetness ratio 1094 Froan Basin 925 cross-bedded sandstone 423 GASH. See Gas Shales in Europe (GASH) geoseismic profile 924 depositional synthesis 423 project location map 922 description 422–423 gas hydrates FSU. See Former Soviet Union (FSU) petrographic porosity 421 BSR 1152 FTHP. See flowing tubing head pressure pressure profiles 422 Gas Hydrate Production Research Program (FTHP) rapid pressure decline explanation 423 1153 Fugelli, Edith 589 gas 123 India occurrence 1153 Fugloy Ridge 837 Angola discoveries 1047 JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 1153 effect of LVZ 834 Angola exploration 1043–1057 JIP Gulf of Mexico 1151 seismic data 834 Angola generation schematic 1052 location 1152 Fulmar–Clyde Terrace 190, 191 Bakken Formation 1067 occurrences 1151–1154 turbidite deposition 195 Barnett Shale 1087 Alaska North Slope, Alaska, USA 1152 Fulmar Field Bazhenov Formation 665 drilling expedition GMGS-1, China correlation model 208 BCG model expulsion 1112 1153–1154 defined 216 biogenic 122, 264, 1052–1056 Drilling Expedition UBGH1, South exploration 216 England 1080 Korea 1154 fault-crest seismic interpretation 207 Scotland 1080 Gulf of Mexico, USA 1151–1152 Jurassic age 214 Wales 1080 Mackenzie River Delta 1153 pinchout prospects 207 Cenomanian 664, 667 Nankai Trough, Japan 1153 reservoir 495, 498 charge NGHP Expedition 01, India 1153 sandstone 178, 207 Cenomanian fields 660 North Africa 762 aggradational packages 186 Cenomanian play 662, 663 resource potential 1151–1154 BVRU 205 Urengoy field 667 unconventional oil and gas resources deposited in narrow palaeovalleys 206 charging 1062–1063 deposition tectonic reconfiguration 206 giant 659–667 gas–oil ratios (GOR) deposits sequences J52-J54b 193 chimneys Bakken Formation 1067, 1074, 1075 Humber Group thickness 207 long-offset seismic data 58 Bakken hydrocarbon pools 1073 initial distribution 180 sub-Zechstein composite layer 72 Bakken petroleum system 1071–1072 isopach 218 Chiswick Field 321 Williston Basin 1072 1212 INDEX gas plays geoscientists virtual fieldtrips 19–25 example 5–6 block 15, 1050 geosteering 342 global data plate motion 4–5 Cenomanian 659 Captain Field 345 overview 2–4 Cenomanian Pokur Formation 659 LWD tools 342 methods 6 post-salt 1050 German squeezed diapirs 903 opportunities 7–8 salt 1046 Gert Member space and time 1–8 gas-prone petroleum systems porosity and oil saturation plot 136 technology 6 stratigraphic summary 1045 Gertrud Graben 103 tools 6–7 Gas Shales in Europe (GASH) project 1083 wells VR trends 100 global plate Gassman equation 1185, 1187 Gert-1 well 130, 145 motion models 4 GCA. See Gaffney, Cline & Associates back barrier sediments 148 reconstruction 4, 5 (GCA) HTHP environment 134 global positioning system (GPS) 20 GEBCO. See General Bathymetric Chart of interpreted washover fans photographs 153 global transgressive–regressive cycles Oceans (GEBCO) porosity–permeability plot 148 and North Africa 730–731 Gebel Duwi North Red Sea Hills 786 sedimentological core log 147 global warming 1189 field photograph 790 Gething Formation Glossifungites ichnofacies 139 palaeotopography of palaeostructuring 790 acoustic properties 1119 GMT. See Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) pre-rift Cretaceous Nubia sandstone 790 basin-centred gas in Western goaf formation 1158–1159 Gebel Zeit Canada 1106 caved zone 1158 post-rift phase 776 shale 264 fractured zone 1158–1159 Gedinnian fluvial unit 713 Ghadames Basin 686, 689, 710–712, 725 Goldsmith, Phil 38 Gela Field chronostratigraphic chart 720 Gondwana age 120 interpretation 711–712 craton 708 Caltanissetta accretionary arc 120 Siluro-Devonian succession stratigraphic supercontinent 674, 718 discovery 118 architecture 711 Google Earth 20, 25 Italy hydrocarbon occurrences 118–119 stratigraphic architecture 710–711 GOR. See gas–oil ratios (GOR) Gela Formation 120 Ghadames–Illizi Basin 736 Gordon Creek Field Gemsa Basin basin modelling approach and carbon constrained world preparation footwall prospectivity 775–777 workflow 749 1193–1195 half graben cross-section 775 chronostratigraphic diagram 747 commercial-scale injection test 1193–1195 landsat 7742 geological image 776 compaction depth–velocity site location/surface geology map 1192 General Bathymetric Chart of Oceans relationship 751 stratigraphy 1193 (GEBCO) 560 depocentres 755 Gorm Field 547 Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) 554 depth velocity plots 750, 751 Gorm-Lola Ridge 547 genetic analysis summary chart 4 Devonian ‘hot’ shale 756 Gothic Shale 1190 genetic basin analysis Early Cretaceous rifting 741–742 GPS. See global positioning system (GPS) global petroleum systems 2–7 Early Cretaceous thickening 742 Graben Fault 309 processes hierarchy 3 genesis burial plots 754, 755 Graben segments genetic models Hercynian Unconformity 739 Clair field 301 predictions 7 integrated petroleum systems graben system Gent Ridge 735–759 tectonic reconfiguration 178 wells VR trends 100 outline 740 grainstones geochemistry 1065–1066, 1076 petroleum resources by country 753 Arab Formation 796 oil 360 petroleum systems and play fairway carbonate 795 water 357–358, 360 analysis 735 Grand Coyer sub-basin 24 GeoControversies debates 11–17, 16 reservoir-seal combinations 745 granite Debate 1 peak oil no longer concern 11–12 seismic profiles 741 Caledonoid potential field modelling 61 for motion David Jenkins 11–12 Silurian ‘hot’ shale 756 Devil’s Hole Granite 3D model 68 against motion Jeremy Leggett 12 stratigraphic framework 737 Dogger Granite 65 Debate 2 National Oil Companies Tanzuft source rock 758 Dogger Granite 3D model 68 petroleum industry future 12–14 temperature v. depth 754 Farne Granite 65 for motion Marlan W. Downey 13 velocity analysis 745 Farne Granite 3D model 68 against motion Peter Gaffney 13–14 Gharib Grantz, Art 589 Debate 3 North Sea finished 14–15 Zeit evaporite section 787 gravitational loading against motion Jim Hannon 15 GIS. See geographic information system Neogene depositional units 92 for motion Richard Hardman 14–15 (GIS) applications gravity summary Julian Rush 15–17 glacial terrain Bouguer gravity data 567 geographic information system (GIS) Norway 918 compilations 559–583 applications 20 global database flow sandstones 138 geological conceptual model 350 detrital zircon dates 6 gradiometry 579 geological sidetrack 30/6-6Z 230 global oil resources 1143 Iris-1 location 138 Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) global petroleum systems 1–8 Norway 559–583 aeromagnetic and gravity data 559 Bayesian Belief Networks 6–7 oil data 1067, 1073, 1074 aeromagnetic data acquisitions and concepts 6 residual 567 modelling 33 detrital zircon geochronology 6 surveys compilation 566 Geology of Petroleum (Levorsen) 14 distributions predictions 3 Svane-1 location 138 geomechanical modelling 1118 extensional systems 6 Tail End Graben 138 example 1118 forward modelling 7 Greater Britannia area three-dimensional output 1119 genetic basin analysis 2–7 fluid pressure indications 502 INDEX 1213

Greece allochthonous minibasin 910 Halten-Trøndelag Basin 422 Arkitsa fault 24–25 bathymetric profile 906 Hammerfest Basin 634 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips bulge of salt 907 Hamra Quartzites 685 24–25 buried salt canopies 900 isopach map 714 Green, Paul 589 compressed, uplifted area 906 Ordovician 685 Green Canyon area deepwater 1014 Hanifa Field Marco Polo minibasin 909 density profiles 906 source rock development 795 roof-edge thrust 904 diapiric salt 902 Hanifa Formation Suprasalt Miocene strata 909 extruding salt stock 908 Jurassic age 793 greenhouse gas 1189, 1192–1193 Gas Hydrate JIP 1151 source rocks 799 Greenland 643, 955 gas hydrates resource potential 1151–1152 Hannon, Jim 14, 16, 16 analogues 958–959 gravity and regional shortening 905 against motion North Sea finished 15 case C episodic uplift and exhumation Marco Polo minibasin 909 Hannon Westwood 14, 15 AFTA data defining cooling episodes prograding sedimentary wedge 907 Hans-1, Offshore Denmark 990 salt tectonics 902 AFTA data 642 thermochronological and salt tectonics concepts 899–911 Hardangerfjord Shear Zone 893 geomorphological integration source-to-sink systems 914 satellite image 916 990–992 spreading salt canopies 900, 910 Harding/Gryphon complexes 46 case D nature of Oligocene hiatus squeezed diapirs intrude salt plumes 900 Hardman, Richard 16 episodic uplift and exhumation 992–994 squeezed diapir stages 901 for motion North Sea finished 14–15 case E Ordovician source rocks subsalt Mad Dog Field 1015 Hareelv Formation 49 episodic uplift and exhumation 994–995 thin roof disruption 908 Hassi Messaoud Field 684, 707 Ordovician outlier implications 995 thrust faults offset 907 Hassi R’Mel fields 707 case F post-rift burial episodic uplift and thrusts 904 Hatton Bank exhumation 995–999 WATS experience 1023 COT 836 Cenozoic burial and exhumation Gulf of Suez 783 crustal thickness 837 996–997 3D OBC seismic data 780 igneous intrusions 837 East Greenland margin development hydrocarbon play 774 P-wave velocity 836, 837 998–999 isotope analysis 786 rifted continental margins 836 mismatch between apatite dating and location map and structural elements 772 seismic velocity structure of crust 836 AFT results 997–998 Nukul syncline 24 Hatton Bank Anticline 964–965 Palaeogene intrusive bodies thermal petroleum system 788 seismic profile 967 effects 996–997 pre-rift beds 771 seismic profile of unconformities 967 continental margin pre-rift reservoirs 777 Hatton–Rockall Basin Cenozoic compressional features 975 sand pinchouts 780 bottom-water current activity 965 compression and inversion of underlying sandstone distribution 779 Heather Formation basin 975 seismic datasets 774 Ling Sandstone Member 174 exhumation episodes 642 source rock biomarker 786 heavy oil deposits hydrocarbons generation 999, 1001 stratigraphic column 773 Alberta 1142 landscape 981 subtle exploration plays 771–781 Athabasca Basin 1145 margin exploration targets 774–775 Canada 1141 aeromagnetic data reconstruction Gemsa Basin footwall prospectivity heavy oil production 580–581 775–777 seismic monitoring 1147–1148 geological map 997 Gulf of Suez structural setting 771 in situ 1147–1148 uplifting and erosion in Norway 998 post-rift reservoirs 774 Hejre-1 well 127 Mesozoic basins 980 pre-rift reservoirs 773 HTHP environment 134 Oligocene 993 Ras Abu Darag Concession 778–780 oil discovery 99 Palaeogene deposits 998 regional stratigraphy 771–773 Helgeland Basin plate reconstruction 582 reservoirs 773–774 top basement 890 post-basalt heating 1000 Rudeis Formation 777–780 Helgeson’s model 44 regional exhumation 1000 seismic data quality 774 Helland–Hansen Arch regional structures 573 source rocks 773 basin inversion 971 seismic profile 996 South October Concession 777–778 Heno Formation 149 thermal history 641 syn-rift reservoirs 773–774 porosity–permeability relationship 136 thermal history solutions 998 types 774 sandstones 127 Greenland Sea Upper Rudeis prospectivity 777 Heno Plateau 129, 136 aeromagnetic surveys 579 syn-rift beds 771 Henrietta Island 598 embayment 654 syn-rift sedimentation 774, 780 Hercynian age Gre`s d’Annot Formation, SE France watershed 787 burial 738 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips 24 Gull Island Formation 23 erosion 679, 689 Grouw and Leeuwarden Field area Guo, Li 590 foredeep 738 stratigraphic trapping 272 orogeny 708, 711, 739 Gro-3 well Haldan Field 537, 547 structures 738–739 Nuussuaq Basin 640 Jurassic GDE map 795 unconformity 731 Gryphon complex 46 Haltenbanken Geoprobe image 742 Gulf of Cadiz 555 stratigraphic column 420 Palaeozoic geology 694 Gulf of Evia 24 Halten Terrace 420, 422 subcrop map 740 Gulf of Mexico 456, 458 hydrocarbon generation 419 Hermod system 46, 49 allochthonous fragments 908 overpressure development 419 hydrocarbons 48 1214 INDEX

Heron cluster Holywell Shale interpretation 167 Skagerrak reservoirs 242 black shale 1095 sequence stratigraphy 167 Heron Field Horda Platform 852 wireline-log character 168 high production performance 405 location map 922 previous studies 157–158 HI. See hydrogen index (HI) Horizon 4 sedimentology 159–174 hidden pay coherency map 89 sequence stratigraphic framework example 458 TWT structure map 86 168–174 Hidra Formation 473, 540 Horizon 6 Dagny area 173 high-amplitude reflector TWT structure 83, 87 regional correlation along basin ECG 185 horizon interval 82 axis 168 High Atlas 926 horizontal pilot holes 342 Sigrun–Gudrun area 168–173 high-density turbidites Horn River Basin sub-MFS A regression 173–174 Central and Southern Panels 372 Devonian age 1079 sub-MFS J44 regression 174 high pressure–high temperature (HPHT) field Muskwa Shale 1079 shoreface facies association B 162–166 127, 1128–1129 horst segments description 162–164 appraisal and development 33 Clair field 301 interpretation 164–166 Hejre-1 and Gert-1 wells 134 hot shale sequence stratigraphy 166 Kristin Field sedimentology 419–428 Algeria 690 wireline-log character 166 diagenetic controls on reservoir quality basal Silurian source rock 689 tectonic setting 159 421–422 Devonian age 756 palaeogeographic reconstructions of Garn formation 422–423 Frasnian age 754 deposition 172, 173–174 depositional synthesis 423 Ghadames–Illizi Basin 756 present-day structural setting 158 description 422–423 Murzuq Basin 689 regional maximum flooding surfaces 168 rapid pressure decline explanation 423 Silurian age 756 sedimentology 159–169 Ile formation 424–425 Howe area 189 sequence stratigraphy 173–174 depositional synthesis 424–425 Howells, Dvid 31 shallow-marine and marginal-marine description 424 Høybakken detachment 569–571 deposits 157 rapid pressure decline HPHT. See high pressure–high temperature shallow-marine deposition 168 explanation 425 (HPHT) field transgression 157, 168 Not formation 423–424 Hubbert, M. King 11 well-log correlation panel 169, 170, 171 palaeogeography 420 Hubbert’s Peak 11, 1155 wireline-log cross-plot 165 reservoir sedimentology 422–426 Hugin Formation Humber Group tectonics and burial history 419–420 biostratigraphic data 174 sequence stratigraphy Tofte Formation 425–426 core descriptions and GR log comparison of interpretations 181 depositional synthesis 425 characteristics 163 interpretation 205 description 425 cored wells distribution 162 regional sequence stratigraphic rapid pressure decline explanation 426 facies associations 164 correlation of wells 184 Upper Ror Formation 425 facies summary 160–161 succession Norwegian shelf 420 Jurassic age 157, 168 seismic line 203 Skagerrak Formation 405 Jurassic strata 168 turbidite deposits 189 Svane-1 well 138 MFS 173–174 UK Central Graben sequence stratigraphy high-resolution biostratigraphy Norwegian sector Quadrant 15, 157–175 reappraisal 177–210 Donan Field 437 axis-perpendicular sub-regional background 177–178 high-resolution dinocyst-based correlation 168–173 Callovian–Kimmeridgian megase- biostratigraphy study bay-fill facies association A 159–162 quence 186–192 Donan Field 434 description 159 sequence J44 186–192 high-velocity lower-crust (HVLC) interpretation 159–161 sequence J46 186 P-wave velocities 831 sequence stratigraphy 161 sequence J52 186–187 Hildesheimer Wald wireline-log character 161–162 sequence J54a 187–190 diapirs 902, 903 coastal plain facies association E 167 sequence J54(b) 190 Hith Formation description 167 sequence J56 190–192 evaporites 795 interpretation 167 sequence J62a 192 Upper Jurassic GDE map 797 sequence stratigraphy 167 sequence J62(b) 192 Hod Formation 473, 478, 539, 540 wireline-log character 167 sequence J63 192 listric faults and channel cuts 543 exploration implications 174–175 Central Graben unconformities 185–186 porosity v. permeability plots 479 fluvio-tidal channel-fill facies association Early Volgian reconfiguration for time isochore maps 542 D 166–167 exploration models implications Hoggar region 725 description 166 205–207 observations 745 interpretation 167 basin-scale palaeogeographic Holocene–Recent Rømø barrier island sequence stratigraphy 167 reconfiguration 205 system wireline-log character 167 palaeovalley model modification analogue study 145 mouth bar facies association C 166 205–206 DCG 146–148 cross-bedding 166 prospect-scale models 206–207 methods 146 interpretation 166 Volgian turbidites 206 morphology and depositional environments sequence stratigraphy 166 geological setting 180 146 wireline-log character 166 previous sequence stratigraphic studies palaeogeographic reconstruction 148 offshore open-marine facies association 180–182 reservoir architecture 146–148 F 167–168 revised sequence stratigraphic model vertical section trough 147–148 description 167 182–185 INDEX 1215

study methodology 178–180 Central North Sea 493 Triassic Skagerrak Formation 225 tectonic reconfiguration 200–205 Chalk 505 untapped accumulations 455 basement uplift evidence 200–201 Chalk Group 273 Val d’Agri giant oil field 120 block rotation 200 charge and maturation 824–826 West African basins 7 events timing and style 201–205 major marine source rocks 824 West Africa plays 676 salt redistribution 200 oceanic crust exploration 826 West Emila accretionary arc 117 Volgian–Ryazanian megasequence deepwater equivalents 49 hydrocarbon–water contract (HWC) 230 192–200 East Greenland 999, 1001 hydrogen index (HI) 1068 sequence J64 199 entrepreneurial exploration 113 sequence J66a 199 exploration 1, 51 Iapetus closure 265 sequence J66b 199 exploring older and deeper plays Iberia margin sequence J71-J72 199 673–702 drilling results 867 sequence J73-J76 199 Faroe–Shetland and Møre basins 1025 iceberg keel erosion 83 sequence K10 199–200 geochemical characteristics 106 IEA. See International Energy Humble Source Rock Analyzer 95 Gulf of Suez 774 Agency (IEA) Hungary Halten Terrace 419 IGMAS. See Interactive Gravity and geochemical log 1128 Hermod 48 Magnetic Application System (IGMAS) oil window 1083 Hyblean platform 117 Ile Formation 421, 424–425 Pannonian Basin 1062, 1126 Infracambrian age 674 depositional synthesis 424–425 source rocks 1128 intervals and well completion 454 description 424 Huntington discoveries 219 inter-well volumes 455 facies components 424 Central North Sea exploration 213–223 Istrian platform 117 modern analogues 424 drilling results 221–223 Italy 113–125, 114, 116 pressure profiles 422 market perceptions 219–221 Jameson Land Basin 997 rapid pressure decline explanation 425 pre-discovery exploration 213–214 Judd Basin 247 Illizi Basin 712–716, 725, 1145. See also pre-drill predictions 219 Lagoa Feia lacustrine facies 862 Ghadames–Illizi Basin technical evaluation 214–219 Laptev Sea Province 606 burial and uplift models tested 752 channel axis development 217 Lombard basin and ridges 117 chronostratigraphic chart 720 comparison of results 223 Lower Balmoral reservoir 439 interpretation 713–716 reservoir potential 215 Mesozoic plays 697–698 stratigraphic architecture 712–713, stratigraphic framework 215 Middle East plays 674–676, 691–697 713, 715 Huntington Forties depth structure map 220 migration 1186–1188 stratigraphic pinchout 716 Huntington Fulmar well location 219 modelling 825 imaged sub-basalt strata HVLC. See high-velocity lower-crust Neoproterozoic petroleum system NE Atlantic margin 1029 (HVLC) 677–681 Imperial HWC. See hydrocarbon–water contract Neoproterozoic plays 676–682 Cold Lake development 1147 (HWC) hydrocarbon plays 677–679 inboard areas 825 hyaloclastites 1033–1039 stratigraphy and tectonic evolution inclined stocks squeezing Hyblean platform 676–677 stages 901 Gela oil field 120 thermal evolution and hydrocarbon inclined strata (IS) 1145 geological sections 117 generation 679–681 sand-prone 1145 hydrocarbon occurrences 117 North Africa plays 688–691 India. See also specific location hydraulic fractures 321, 323, 330, 1062, Cambro-Ordovician stratigraphy gas hydrates occurrence 1153 1131–1132 682–686 Indonesia. See also specific location 48/14a-5 well 332 Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy Kalimantan 458, 459, 459 48/14a-6 well 335 686–688 industry Chiswick Field 322 thermal evolution 688–691 challenges 1 Ensign Field 331 North Atlantic passive margins 986 plate tectonic theory 2 Leman Sandstone interval 333 Northern Ireland wells 1089 Industry Taskforce on Peak Oil and Energy pre-existing natural fracture diagram 1134 Northern Judd Basin 251–253 Security (ITPOES) well 48/14a-6 333 North Kara Sea 605 members 12 48/14-2 well evaluation 330 Oman plays 674–676 report 12 hydrocarbon(s) 2, 124, 591, 598 Palaeozoic plays 682–684, 697 infill wells 349, 350, 355, 362 Adriatic basin 117 Pennine Basin 1093 drilling in mature fields offshore 349 Angola 1046 plays 673–702 use of predictive models to plan Apennines 117 potential 4 349–350 Apulian platform 117 predictive capabilities 51 Infracambrian age 679 v. aquifer seal capacity 502 RAS 603 black oil shales 676 Bakken 1073 reservoir 27, 95 hydrocarbon plays 674 Balder 48 Saudi Arabia plays 691–697 Inge High 139 Bighorn Basin 6 exploration challenges 695–697 injected carbon dioxide Bream Field 987 stratigraphy and tectonic evolution hydrocarbon migration 1183–1188 v. carbon dioxide 1183–1188 692–695 flow characteristics 1184–1186 Carboniferous petroleum system seismic reflection datasets 549 implications 1186–1188 play types and traps 71–74 Sicilian–Maghrebian chain 117 Utsira Formation 1183–1184 search beneath Central North Sea 69–71 SKB 604 injected sands and field edge 340 Cenozoic plays 698–700 source rock 818 injection and production wells exploration challenges 700 Taoudenni Basin 678, 679–681 directional drilling 1157 stratigraphy 698–700 3D seismic 51 Inner Moray Firth 38 1216 INDEX

In Salah Field passive margins case histories 1005–1012 Japan. See also specific location carbon dioxide geological storage Shannon Basin 23–24 Nankai Trough 1153 1168–1169 Iris-1 location Jasmine discovery 225–242 satellite imagery 1169 gravity-flow sandstones 138 analogues 228 technologies 1168 irreversible compaction appraisal drilling locations 233 In Salah Krechba Field grain-to-grain bonds failing 534 appraisal phase 230–234 cross-section 1168 IS. See inclined strata (IS) drilling results 231–234 in situ coal gasifying 1156 iSIMM. See integrated Seismic Imaging and 30/06-07, 234 in situ heavy oil production Modelling of Margins (iSIMM) 30/06-07 and -07Z 231–233 seismic monitoring 1147–1148 ISIS software 541 30/06-07Y 234 integrated petroleum systems two dimensional inversion programme 230–231 Ghadames–Illizi Basin, North Africa workflow 544 secondary reservoirs summary 234 735–759 isoprobe multicollector 6 appraisal sealing conundrum 237 integrated Seismic Imaging and Modelling of ISROCK exploration drilling phase summary 230 Margins (iSIMM) 831 acquisition plan 556 exploration phase 227–230 airgun source 832 seismic survey 554, 555, 556 discovery well results 228–230 Faroe Islands 838 water layer reflectivity 551 pre-drill prospect evaluation 227–228 profile 833, 838 water layer structure 553 licence and exploitation history 225–226 Interactive Gravity and Magnetic Application Istrian platform location 226 System (IGMAS) 888 geological sections 117 location and aims 225 interbedded turbidites hydrocarbon occurrences 117 LWD 234 Andrew Formation 431 Porto Corsini East gas field 122 pressure data 236 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Italy 116–123 reservoir characterization programme (IPCC) 15, 1167 cumulative discovered reserves 125 234–242 International Energy Agency (IEA) gas provinces and oil provinces 115 compartmentalization 242 World Energy Outlook (2005) 11 geological framework and hydrocarbon depositional model 236–240 interpretation method 1035 occurrences 114 drill stem tests 242 interpreted seismic reflectors hydrocarbon occurrences 116–123, 116 intra-reservoir correlation 240 3D visualization environment 1035 Cretaceous petroleum system 119–120 reservoir quality 242 interpreted unit boundaries foredeep wedges biogenic gas 121–123 reservoir zonation scheme 240–242 two-dimensional perspective 1036 foredeep wedges thermogenic gas 121 Top Joanne 240–241 Intra-B4 shale geological framework 113 Top Julius Mudstone 241–242 field-wide correlation and map 377 historical perspective 113–116 Top Lower Joanne 241 holes 377 petroleum system 118–119 Top Middle Joanne 241 recognition 376 thermogenic gas 116–120 seismic reprocessing 234–236 intra-Buzzard 373 thrust-and-fold belt to foreland structural model 236 intra-chalk unit porosity variation 537–548 113–125 reservoir zonation 240 basin development 540–541 petroleum sealing conundrum 232, 242 database 537–538 acreage 114 seismic depth section wells 233 geological setting 538–539 endowment 114 stratigraphic and structural setting inversion results along key profiles permits 114 226–227 543–547 systems 124 wireline log data 30/06-6 231 key profile 1, 543–544 seismic surveys and wells 115 Jasmine Field 225 key profile 2, 544–547 tectono-stratigraphic cycles 116 Jasmine–Julia structural cross section 229 key profile 3, 547 ITPOES. See Industry Taskforce on Peak Oil Jasmine Northern Terrace area 227 key profile 4, 547 and Energy Security (ITPOES) Jasmine West Limb 231 seismic inversion 541 faulted anticline 227 2D seismic inversion work flow Jabal Hasawnah 710 Jaurf Formation 541–543 Jackson Field Devonian age 692 intracontinental deformation 824 Australia 355 J Block 225 intra-Pennsylvanian stratigraphic traps 266 Jacuı´pe Volcanic Complex 870 Joanne Member 410 Intra-Pliocene Unconformity 642 Jade Field 225, 407, 412 seismic reprocessing strategy 238 inverse genetic scheme 185 high production performance 405 shoreface deposition 191 Ionian Ocean formation 741–742 models 410 survey acquisition area 238 IPCC. See Intergovernmental Panel on predictive history-matched model 405 JCR. See Joint Chalk Research (JCR) Climate Change (IPCC) reservoir depth 410 Jenkins, David 15 iPhone 25 well 30/02c-4 242 for motion peak oil no longer concern Iraq. See also specific location Jaeren High 11–12 Kurdistan region 801–809 remnant topography 196 JIP. See Joint Industry Project (JIP) location map 801 seismic profile 64 JMFZ. See Jan Mayen Fracture Zone (JMFZ) Taq Taq field 801–809 sub-Zechstein seismic stratigraphy 62 Joanne Field 225, 234 Ireland. See also specific location Jameson Land Basin Joanne Formation Atlantic margin region 924 deepwater reservoirs 49 porosity v. permeability plot 413 basins offshore 939 erratic variation of fission track age 996 Joanne Member 231, 405, 406, 408 crystalline basement 948 hydrocarbons generation 997 channel-dominated 416 Dooish well 939 time-equivalent strata 420 characteristic decline 407 hydrocarbon wells 1089 Jan Mayen Fracture Zone (JMFZ) 579–580 characteristic radial composite model 409 lead space plots 948 Jan Mayen microcontinent conceptual stratigraphic architecture 409 Mesozoic sandstones 951 plate reconstruction 582 core differences 407 INDEX 1217

dynamic modelling workflow 411 static and dynamic modelling Kara Sea 591, 595, 598, 605, 661 EUR resources 415 workflow 411 fold-and-thrust belt 649 facies 407 variogram-controlled SIS free-air gravity field 595 gross porosity plotted with depth by facies simulation 411 Kara Shelf 410 vertical pressure barriers 407 fold-and-thrust belt 646 heterogeneous 417 well 407, 410 Kareem Formation 772, 773, 775 J Block 410 Judy Sandstone Member 240 seismic character 776 linear flow behavior 409 depositional environment 406 Karoo Group porosity-depth trends 416 Julia well 228 South Africa 52 production 411 boundary 232 Kasimovian age production performance 405, 407 pressure data 236 palaeogeography maps 655 production profile v. CGR 415 structural cross section 229 Kassanje Basin 1044, 1055 reservoir 226, 410 Julius Mudstone Member 226 Kattegat Platform 891 architecture 408 climatic reinterpretation 236 individual contributions to basement depth production performance 412 Jurassic age. See also Late Jurassic age map 891–892 RF. v. CGR/GOR 415 analytic signal shaded relief map 576 KCF. See Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF) shalier interval 240 Arabian Plate 794–799 Keathley Canyon 1151 SIS 410 barrier island system 150 kerogen static modelling workflow 411 basins 216 composition and source rock quality vertical pressure barriers 407 black shales 1096–1097 96–100 well test 409 Brent Delta systems 174 DCG 96–100, 106 Joanne Sandstone Member 226, 240 Buzzard Field reservoir 369–371 Farsund Formation 98, 102 depositional environment 406 clastics 1118 NW Danish Central Graben source rock erosion 241 conceptual play model 962 101–103 rich gas condensate 228 Early oil-prone through Farsund Formation 96 sandstone 406 Netherlands petroleum exploration 268 photomicrographs and oil immersion 102 Joint Chalk Research (JCR) 473 petroleum system 118–119 reactive wells 106 Joint Industry Project (JIP) 1168 Posidonia shale 263–264 sapropelic 102 Gas Hydrate Gulf of Mexico 1151 source rock 271 Stellar default kinetic parameters 663 Jonathan Mudstone 226, 241 faults 576 Kettla Tuff 245, 246 climatic reinterpretation 236 fields 178 Keyhole Markup Language (KML) 20 Josephine Sandstone Member 240, 406 Fisher Bank Basin 214 KG. See Krishna Godavari (K-G) Basin J Ridge area 39, 40, 180, 190, 200, Fulmar Field 214 Khatanga Saddle 622, 624 203, 225 gas yield 665 assessment unit 624–627 structural evolution 226 Hanifa 793 densities and median sizes 625 Top Triassic Unconformity 227 Hugin Formation 157, 168 distributions and AUs probabilities 629 Judd Basin Jura 437, 438 field densities, field sizes, and exploration basin inversion 249 lithostratigraphy 159 maturities 623–624 hydrocarbon occurrences 247 Middle Monte Carlo simulation 624 oil-prone basin 252 conceptual play model 962 Khaz Dumi seismic amplitude anomaly 249 North Atlantic region 949 major play systems 793 stratigraphic column 247 palaeogeography 420 Khuff Formation T38 seismic anomaly 249 pre-rift sandstone 962 Saudi Arabia 692 Judy Field 225, 407 Middle East exploration potential Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF) 51, 178, description 406 794–799 186, 214, 495, 825 EUR 412 Navajo Formation Sandstone 1193 black shale 1095, 1096 gas production 408 North Sea rift complex 127 sequence J64 179, 181, 192–200 high production performance 405 palaeogeography 420 subcrop 207 production profiles 412 palaeotopography 150 well correlation 197 reservoir properties with depth 414 Pentland Formation reservoir 231 stratigraphic thicknesses control 504 Judy Formation pre-rift sandstone 962 subordinate turbidite 192 reservoir architecture 409 pre-rift succession 957 turbidite flows 369 vertical communication 409 rift stage 960 turbidite sands pressures 503 Judy Member 406, 408 sedimentation 216 Kimmeridge Fulmar sandstones conceptual stratigraphic architecture 409 stratigraphy 369–371 distribution 205 EUR resources 415 Tyumen Formation 666 Kimmeridge–Piper Transition unit (KPT) gas recovery factor 414 wedge 1114–1115 390 gross porosity plotted with depth by facies West Siberia Basin depth map 660 Kimmeridgian age 264 410 Jutland 569 Late heterogeneous 417 lithological and susceptibility log 579 DCG 134 porosity-depth trends 416 juxtaposition difference 510 sequence J63 192 production profile v. CGR 415 Jylland 149, 150 time stratigraphic scheme 152 radial flow 409 well correlation 197 reservoir architecture 408 Kalak Nappe Complex 565 sequences J62a 192 reservoirs 405, 410 Kalimantan, Indonesia 458, 459, 459 sequences J62b 192 RF v. CGR/GOR 414 Kara Massif (KM) 595. See also Kingston, Dave 2 sandstones contrast 407 Barents–Kara region Kintail fan 246 sheetflood-dominated 409, 416 tectonic basement 596 Kirchhoff time migration Skagerrak Formation 410 Kara Province 600 South Arne 526 1218 INDEX kitchen maps 754 Spore Colour Index against depth 769 static uncertainty 291 Klett, Timothy 589 tectonic events 691 stratigraphy 281 Klinkenberg permeability vitrinite reflectance 768, 768 structural map 283 Chalk empirical relation 469 well A1-NC198 exploration 761–769 traps 279 Klubben Formation 565 wells locations 762 undeveloped discovery 282 KM. See Kara Massif (KM) Kupfershiefer water saturation uncertainty 288 KML. See Keyhole Markup Language (KML) Permian age 264 Lagoa Feia Formation 856 Kollstraumen detachment 569, 571 Kurdistan region facies 862 Kometan Formation 805 Taq Taq field 801–809 hydrocarbon source rock 862 description 803 Kwanza-Benguela Basin 1044 La Marcouline Formation 25 lithological model 807 schematic play cross-section 1048 Lamba Formation 245 seismic analysis 807 Kyle Group 57 Lapland Granulite Belt 569 Kong Oscar Fjord 996 Kyle Limestone 59 Bouguer gravity profiles 574 Kongsberg-Bamble Complex 569 Laptev Rift System (LRS) 605 Bouguer gravity profiles 574 laboratory caprock core 1177 structure 607 NRM 565 Labrador Sea conjugate Laptev Sea 591, 593, 597, 598, 611 Kootenay Group 1101 exhumed mantle 848 hydrocarbon 606 Kotel’nyi Terrane 597 Laggan Field RAS sedimentary basins 605–609, KPT. See Kimmeridge–Piper Transition unit appraisal wells 279 606–609 (KPT) AVO 283 Laptev Shelf Kraka Extension Survey 539 gas sand calculation 291 oil generation 607 location map 538 gas sand thickness uncertainty 295 lasers Kraka Field 543 net gas sand map 285 ablation system 6 Kraka structure 547 seismofacies 289 airborne scanner 20 Krechba biostratigraphic zones 288 scanning technology 25 Carboniferous storage reservoir 1168 cataclastic bands 293 Last Chance Sand 359 Krishna Godavari (K-G) Basin 825, 1052 chlorite 279, 284, 289 Last Chance Shale 359, 359, 360 Kristiansand 569 compartments and segments shut-in flowmeter pass 358 Kristin Field definition 293 Late Callovian age bioturbated shale-prone interval 425 depositional model 286 sequence J46 186 chemostratigraphy 423 exploration wells 279 Late Campanian age depletion from 12 wells 421 fault juxtaposition analysis 293 Magne Formation biofacies map 483 footwall stratigraphy 428 feeder system 282 Late Carboniferous age growth across faults 419 gas condensate discoveries 279 Netherlands petroleum exploration 263 HPHT sedimentology 419–428 leaking segments 294 palaeogeography maps 655 location map 420 location map 280 Late Cenozoic age major fault overstep 428 Low Reflectivity Package 279 Viera Anticline 971 marine transgression 425 mature understanding of undeveloped Late Cimmerian age permeability distribution 427 discovery 279–297 fault geometries 39 quartz cement growth 422 AVO analysis 289 North Sea hydrocarbon systems 39, 44–45 structural model 421 compartmentalization 289–292 rift architecture 44–45 unexpected pressure decline 419–428 depositional model 279–282 tectonics 39 Kufra Basin 761–769, 761, 764 3D geological models 294–296 Late Cretaceous age 488, 1101 burial history 691 net pay estimation 289 Cardium Formation 1099 Cambro-Ordovician sandstone 767 petrographic overview 288 Chalk 463, 464 chemostratigraphy 763–766 petrophysical interpretation 288 Central North Sea 493 material and methods 765 reservoir correlation 288 Inoceramid bivalves 480 results 765–766 seismic interpretation 288–289 limestone porosity 465–466 study objective 765 seismic inversion 289 natural gamma ray log 465–466 depth-to-basement map 762 static uncertainty study 292–294 Netherlands petroleum exploration fluid inclusions 766–767, 767 Tormore 296 269–273 material and methods 767 net pay v. net gas sand map 296 pressures 494 results 767 Paleocene gas condensate discoveries 279 Danian Chalk Group deposition 538 study objective 766 petrochemical analysis Euphrates Graben sedimentology 811–818 palynology 763 uncertainty 288 Faroe–Shetland syn-rift play 958 material and methods 763 Poisson ratio 289 genetic basin analysis 5 results 763 pressure data 289, 292 global genetic analysis 4 study objective 763 pressure v. depth plot 292 Nubian sandstone 783 petroleum source rock evaluation 767–768 reservoir Shiranish Formation sedimentology material and methods 768 correlation 287 811–818 results 768 depth structure map 282 Late Cryogenian age study objective 767–768 properties 284 Dar Cheikh Group 677 regional hydrocarbon prospectivity subdivision 282 Late Danian age implications 768–769 thickness 290 Middle Ekofisk Formation seismic section 681 sand isochore map 285 biofacies map 488 spore colouration 768 sands sediment supply 282 Upper Ekofisk Formation material and methods 768 seismic impedance 282 biofacies map 488 results 768 seismic interpretation 288 Late Devonian age 725–729, 745 study objectivity 768 seismic IP and well data 286 Antrim Shale 1083 INDEX 1219

GDE map 746 time stratigraphic scheme 152 provenance technique 934 incised valleys 712 well correlation 197 Rockall Basin 938, 941 Late Jurassic age 795 Late Maastrichtian age provenance analysis 942–944 Arab play 795 Tor Formation Subzone source ranges 948 CRS map 799 biofacies map 485, 486 space plots 930 formation 799 Late Miocene age crystalline basement from onshore for oil 798, 799 Algyo˜ Formation 1128 Ireland 948 for oil charge 796 brackish-water shale 1129 Dooish sandstones K-feldspar 947 play cartoon 798 North Sea Basin palaeogeography 985 Lewisian Complex Rocks 948 for reservoir 796 Pannonian Basin 1126, 1127–1128 Nagssugtoqidian Mobile Belt 948 for seal 797 shales 1062 offshore crystalline basement blocks barrier island sandstones 145–154 Late Neogene age from Atlantic 948 Freja discovery 148–153 basin development Leadon Field back-barrier sediments 149–150 implications 90–92 FPSO 443 depositional environments 149–150 depocentres 82,89 Leggett, Jeremy 11, 15 shoreface sandstones 150 development contour currents 77–92 against motion peak oil no longer stratigraphy 149 exhumation 983–984 concern 12 thick stacked 150–153 Late Neoproterozoic age Leiosphaerida morphology 98 basin architecture 50 Peri-Gondwana Margin 675 Leman Sandstone 325, 327 Bazhenov Formation 666 Late Ordovician age 686 correlation panel 329 DCG 95–111, 127–142, 129–141 Lower Silurian shales 715 depth map 326 deepwater depositional systems 46–48 Mamouniyat Formation 685 Ensign Field 326, 327 deposits 203 Sarah Formation hydraulic fracture-stimulated extension multiple phases interplay 42 striated glacial surface 695 intervals 333 Fulmar reservoir potential 215 Late Oxfordian age illite cementation 328 Fulmar Sandstone 215, 218 Callovian–Kimmeridgian megasequence reservoir 327 global plate reconstruction 5 (J44-J63) 190–192 Lena-Anabar Basin 624 isochore map 128 sequence J54a 187–190 assessment units 627, 629 isopach 218 depositional environments 190 densities and median sizes 625 Kimmeridge Clay 215 regressive shoreface sandstones 187 field densities, field sizes, and exploration Lower Volgian gravity-flow sandstones turbidite sandstones 188 maturities 623–624 137–138 sequence J54b 190 Lena Delta depositional environment 137–138 depositional environments 191 crustal tectonic 594 palaeogeography 138 well correlation 197 Leningradskoye field drainage area 664 reservoir characteristics 138 Late Palaeozoic age gas yield 663, 664, 665 Lower Volgian shoreface sandstones genetic basin analysis 5 lessons learnt 347 138–139 Late Paleocene age 45 drilling pilot holes 347 depositional environment 139 Late Permian age seismic 347 palaeogeography 139 North Atlantic region 949 Levantine Basin reservoir characteristics 139 lateral horizon density variations 64 exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon Netherlands petroleum exploration Late Ryazanian age plays 697–698 268–269 sequence K10 199–200 Mesozoic 697–698 Nikanssin Formation 1101 Late Silurian age Levorsen, A. I. 14 v. Palaeogene age deepwater Caledonian unconformity 711 Lewisian Complex Rocks reservoirs 50 closure 265 lead space plots 948 platform area 369 late syn-rift 961 Lewis Shale play map 271 Faroe–Shetland syn-rift play 958 Cretaceous age 1091 reservoir architecture 145–154 Late Tournaisian age 729 Lias reservoir sandstones 129–141 regression 729 black shale 1095, 1096 sandstone play area 95–111 Late Triassic age Libya 729. See also specific location shale gas in Europe 1081 Dutch Central Graben 265 basins 730 shale gas in Vienna Basin 1081 Italy hydrocarbon occurrences 118–119 Gargaff Arch 710–712 shallow marine sandstones 136–137 Late Vise´an age 729 chronostratigraphic chart 720 depositional environment 136–137 Late Volgian age 202 geological map 710 reservoir characteristics 137 layer density values input Ghadames basin 710–712 shoreface sandstones 129–136 3D inversion model 66 Illizi basin 715–716 succession 128 LCB. See lower crustal body (LCB) Kufra Basin 761–769 Upper Kimmeridgian paralic 129–138 LCS. See Lower Captain Sand (LCS) Murzuq basin 710–712, 715–716 depositional environments 129–133 lead outcrops 729 palaeogeography 135–136 basement source 938 platform 707–708 reservoir characteristics 133–134 concentration 942–943 reservoirs 753 Upper Middle Volgian 139–141 Dooish well 942–943 sub-basins and arches 707–708 depositional environment 139–141 isotopic data 948 tectonic events 691 distribution and stratigraphy 139 North Atlantic region 938 Tihemboka High 715–716 palaeogeography 141 potassium feldspar lidars 20, 23 reservoir characteristics 141 European Margin 937 Ferron Sandstone 24 Late Kimmeridgian age isotopic composition 950 Nukhul syncline dataset 22 DCG 134 palaeodrainage 938 Panther Tongue sandstone 24 sequence J63 192, 197 Porcupine Bank 940 scan data 24 1220 INDEX

Life of Field Seismic system Lower Cretaceous age. See Early Cretaceous pre-stack depth-migrated data 1015 4D data 312 age subsalt 1015 Valhall 311 lower crustal body (LCB) 843 WATS survey 1016 Limestone Edoras–Hatton margin 849 Madison Formation 1065, 1066 Devonian Kyle Limestone 59 mid-Norwegian margin 843–853, 845, 852 magmatic underplating 843 Mendips 1092–1093 3D models compilation 844 Magne Field Top Palaeogene Chalk 465–466 isostatic considerations 844–846 porosity and bulk volume water 477 Upper Cretaceous Chalk 465–466 process orientated approach tectonic and eustatic events 489 Limits to Growth 15 846–847 Magne Formation 473, 477, 478. See also Ling Sandstone Member regional considerations 847–850 Lower Magne Formation Heather Formation 174 Norwegian model Moho horizons 844 Late Campanian age 483 liquefied natural gas (LNG) 1044 Vøring margin 847 porosity v. permeability plots 479 globalization 827 Lower Devonian age. See Early Devonian age sequences 481 lithofacies prediction Lower Ekofisk Field 475–476 magnetic basement Taq Taq field 806 porosity and bulk volume water 477 Norwegian margin 888 Little, Alice 590 Lower Ekofisk Formation 486–487 Magnus basin LKO. See Lowest Known Oil (LKO) age 486 location map 922 LNG. See liquefied natural gas (LNG) biofacies 486 Magnus Fields 43 Lochkovian age biofacies map 487 bypassed oil 356 palaeogeography maps 655 lithology/petrophysics 486 water overrun 356 Lochranza Field 449 tectonostratigraphy 486–487 Maider Basin 731, 732 AVO and structure 449 Lower Fernie Formation major deltaic depocentres 823 Lodgepole Formation 1066 interbedded sandstones 1116 Mako´ Trough 1083 Lofoten–Vestera˚len margin 847 Lower Limestone Shale pre-Neogene rocks 1082 geological and structural Mendips 1092–1093 shale gas in Europe 1081–1083 features 844 Lower Magne Formation 482–483 Malaysia 459, 460 individual contributions to basement depth age 482 Mali map 889–890 biofacies 482 Neoproterozoic geology 677 NRM 565 correlation 483 Mallik, Canada petroleum geoscientists virtual lithology/petrophysics 482 gas hydrates occurrence 1153 fieldtrips 24 tectonostratigraphy 482–483 Mallik Gas Hydrate Production Research log facies map Lower Miocene age. See Early Miocene age Well Program 1151, 1153 Nelson Field 361 Lower Palaeozoic age. See Early Palaeozoic Malta 741 logging while drilling (LWD) 306, 342 age Mamouniyat Formation advances 446 Lower Piper sections 393 Late Ordovician glaciogenic 685 geosteering 342, 347 Lower Rotliegend 59, 62 Marcellus Shale 1133 Jasmine accumulation 234 subcrop traps 74 Marco Polo minibasin well locations 347 units 61 Green Canyon area 909 Lola Formation 130 Lower Rudeis Formation 777 Gulf of Mexico 909 shoreface sandstones 135 Lower Scott Sands 393 margins. See also specific name Lombard Basin J35 post-drill correlation 394 3D isostatic behaviour 824 geological sections 117 Lower Silurian shales evolution 2D 824 hydrocarbon occurrences 117 Upper Ordovician surface 715 Margins Programme 913 Settala gas field 123 Lower Tor Formation 484 Marinated fold belt 679 Villafortuna–Trecate oil field 119 age 484 marine shales Lomonosov Ridge 590 biofacies 484 Tofte Formation 426 Longa Basin 610 lithology/petrophysics 484 Masjid-i-Sulaiman wells 791 Long Eaton Formation tectonostratigraphy 484 Massif Ancient black shale 1095 Lower Volgian gravity-flow sandstones Pre-Cambrian rocks 925 shale 1093 137–138 maturity 1079–1081, 1083, 1087–1091 Lopra Formation 1038 Lowest Known Oil (LKO) Mauritania Louisiana Ross and minor Burns reservoir 345 Neoproterozoic geology 677 offshore 460, 461 low velocity zone (LVZ) Taoudenni Basin 676 water saturation data 457 sub-basalt 833 Maximum flooding surfaces (MFS) 180 Lousy Bank Anticline 965–966 LRS. See Laptev Rift System (LRS) J44 transgression 173–174 seismic profile 968 Ludlov Recess 653 palaeogeographic reconstruction Lower Balmoral Lutetian compressional event 975 173–174 net pay thickness 434 LVZ. See low velocity zone (LVZ) T75 358 overlying Lista roof shake 448 LWD. See logging while drilling (LWD) bridge plug 357 reservoir 439 vertical flow barrier 359 sandstone 431, 437 Maastrichtian age transgression 173 biostratigraphic subdivision 440 Early 477, 484 maximum regressive surfaces (MRS) 180 vertical seismic profile 441 Late 485, 486 McMurray Formation 1144 Lower Bowland Tor Formation 539, 541, 547 Lower Cretaceous age black shale 1095 Macaronichnus 139 Alberta 1062 Lower Captain Sand (LCS) 343 Mackenzie River Delta 827, 1151 MDT. See modular dynamics tester (MDT) Lower Congo Basin 1044 gas hydrates occurrence 1153 data points 3D seismic survey 1045 Macuspana Basin 456, 458 measurement while drilling (MWD) sensors gas discoveries by play 1047 Mad Dog Field 446 INDEX 1221

Median Volcanic Ridge Middle Cimmerian age mid-early Danian age continental crust 848 reservoir distribution controls 38–39 Lower Ekofisk Formation biofacies Mediterranean Basin Middle Cretaceous age map 487 tectonic elements 698 early syn-rift stage mature 962 Mid-Late Cretaceous age Mediterranean passive margin rifting Faroe–Shetland syn-rift play 957–958 Faroe–Shetland syn-rift play 958 739–741 relay ramps 962 Mid Miocene Unconformity (MMU) 78 Megion Formation 661 stratigraphic interpretation 1121 acoustic pull-ups 84 Meharez High 733 Middle East 3D horizon maps 79 Mendips case study of exploration potential TWT structure map 79 Lower Limestone Shale 1092–1093 791–799 Mid North Sea High mercury capillary pressure 464 composite play fairway map 799 structural and stratigraphic relationships 70 Merganser leakage zone description 792 mid-Norwegian body Central North Sea basin 88 exploration potential 791–799 formed 843 Meride Limestone 118 Arabian plate Jurassic 794–799 mid-Norwegian margin foreland 124 exploration process 794 Caledonian basement 895 hydrocarbon occurrences 124 future potential 799 Early Cretaceous rifting 849 Mesozoic age 119 history 791 geological and structural features 844 Atlantic margin basins 938–940 plays 792–793 individual contributions to basement depth basins regional 3D data 41 exploring hydrocarbon plays 691–697 map 889–890 carbonate cores 121 challenges 695–697 isostatic flexural base 845 depocentres Geoprobe image 742 stratigraphy 692–695 isostatic flexural Moho 848 evolving drainage patterns 937 exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon LCB 845 exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon plays 674–676, 682–684, 697 LCB properties 852 plays 697–698 hydrocarbons development 695 magmatic underplate 846 extension 118 Khuff Formation 692 Moho configuration 849 Faroe–Shetland Basin 954 major play systems 793 profiles 851 foreland 119 Palaeozoic basins 674 Rockall Trough 849 Greenland basins 980 Palaeozoic geology 694 Mikulov Marls 1081, 1082 hydrocarbon plays 697–698 regional geology 693 Minas Basin 929 intraplate inversional swells 602 Silurian Tannezuft Formation 687 location 931 Ireland sandstones 951 striated glacial surface 695 sedimentary logs through Triassic Levantine Basin 697–698 tectonostratigraphic chart 793 succession 932 Møre basin magmatic underplating 853 Unayzah complex 692 Triassic outcrops 931 petroleum systems 698 Middle Ekofisk Formation 476, 487 minibasins plays 697–698 age 487 formation 911 rifting events 265 biofacies 487 salt tectonics emerging concepts Rockall Basin palaeodrainage biostratigraphic data 476 905–909 938–940 Late Danian age Sigsbee Escarpment 908 Rockall Basin stratigraphy 938 biofacies map 488 triggers 905–909 Rockall Trough strata 1031 lithology/petrophysics 487 Minnes Group 1101 sediment dispersal into NE Atlantic margin Middle Eldfisk Field Miocene age. See also Late Miocene age basins 938–940 porosity and bulk volume water 477 Early 635 Sirte Basin 697–698 Middle Joanne shalier interval 242 Pannonian Basin 1126 structural elements 265 Middle Jurassic age Middle structural play 954 conceptual play model 962 North Sea Basin palaeogeography 985 Val d’Agri oil field 121 North Atlantic region 949 Pannonian Basin 1126, 1127–1128 Villafortuna–Trecate oil field 119 palaeogeography 420 Pannonian Basin tight gas plays Vøring basin magmatic underplating 853 pre-rift sandstone 962 1128–1129 Western Desert 697–698 Tyumen Formation 666 shales 1062 West Siberian basin Middle Miocene age source rocks geochemical log 1128 chronostratigraphy 662 North Sea Basin palaeogeography 985 North Sea Basin palaeogeography 985 methane Pannonian Basin 1126, 1127–1128 palaeogeothermal gradients 640 Angola 1053 Pannonian Basin tight gas plays Pannonian Basin 1127–1128 carbon and hydrogen isotope 1128–1129 Pannonian Basin tight gas plays ranges 1094 shales 1062 1128–1129 enhanced coal bed 1190 source rocks geochemical log 1128 shales 1062 generation microbial ecosystem succession Middle Norwegian margin source rocks geochemical log 1128 1053 LCB 843–853 Mirren salt dome northern West Siberia 665 3D models compilation 844 seismic cross-section of channel features 84 solubility 1054 isostatic considerations 844–846 Mississippian age metric tons of carbon dioxide 1189 process orientated approach 846–847 facies map 267 MFS. See Maximum flooding surfaces (MFS) regional considerations 847–850 Netherlands petroleum exploration 266 Michigan Basin 1083 Middle Oxfordian age reef leads 266 microscale sealed vessel (MSSV) pyrolysis sequence J52 186–187, 189 sedimentological model 266 1067 Middle Tor Formation 484 shale 1090 Bakken Formation 1072 Middle Tournaisian age 729 UK 1090 Mid-Clysmic Unconformity 777 Middle Volgian age Mississippian Barnett Shale Middle Akakus Shale sequence J66b 199 Fort Worth Basin 1087 Silurian age GDE map 748 sequence J71-J72 199 Mjølner Field 145 1222 INDEX

MMU. See Mid Miocene Unconformity interpretation 166 Narve Field (MMU) sequence stratigraphy 166 porosity and bulk volume water 477 Moab fault, Utah wireline-log character 166 tectonic and eustatic events 489 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips 25 wireline-log cross-plot 165 Narve Formation 473, 478, 481 modular dynamics tester (MDT) data points MRS. See maximum regressive age 481 Judy Sandstone 228 surfaces (MRS) biofacies 481 Mohns ridges MSSV. See microscale sealed vessel (MSSV) lithology/petrophysics 481 spreading rates 579 pyrolysis regional correlation 481 Moho boundary Muckle Basin tectonostratigraphy 481 Norwegian model 844 structural evolution and sediment dispersal National Oil Companies petroleum industry Moho configuration 960 future mid-Norwegian margin 849 structural reconstruction 956 GeoControversies debates 12–14 Moho difference mud and silt turbidites 282 National Science Foundation (NSF) Vøring margin 850 mudrock 1131–1136, 1139 source-to-sink studies 913 monitoring, verification and accounting Barnett Shale 1134, 1137 NATS. See narrow-azimuth towed (MVA) 1190 Cromer Knoll 505 steamer (NATS) monitoring wells 1161 mudstones natural fractures 1062 Monk’s Park Shale 1090 Alportian–Pendleian 1091 effect on hydraulic fracture treatment Moray Firth 43, 44, 48, 53 bay-fill 161 efficiency 1138–1139 Mordor Anticline 967 climatic reinterpretation 236 gas shales 1131–1139 Cenozoic sediments 967 Jonathan Mudstone Member 226, 241 open 1138 seismic profile 970, 971 Pokur Formation 663 open microfractures 1139 Møre Basin Muenster Arch 1088 origins 1132–1133 continental crystalline crust 846 multiscale model context reactivation 1134, 1138–1139 Cretaceous age 420 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips relevance 1131–1132 hydrocarbon provinces 1025 22–23 size distributions 1138 magmatic underplating 853 Mungo Central North Sea subcritical crack growth 1135–1138 rifted basins 1029 CDR frequency spectrum 519 types 1133–1137 seismic section 1029 seismic time difference volumes 518 bedding-parallel fractures 1134 sub-basalt hydrocarbon prospectivity Mungo diapir deformed fractures 1133–1134 1025–1031 seismic time section 518 sub-vertical sealed planar fractures sub-basalt imaging 1025 Mungo four dimensional Noise Case 1133–1134 Møre coastal area 852 Study 517 US shales 1131–1139 Møre margin Mungo monitor surveys 521 natural gas. See also gas hydrates basement thickness 892 Murzuq Basin 710–712, 715–716 liquefied 1044 geological and structural features 844 burial history 691 globalization 827 individual contributions to basement depth interpretation 711–712, 715–716 production and shale gas reservoirs 1079 map 890–891 Silurian hot shale source rock 689 natural remanent magnetization (NRM) lateral volcanic distribution 846 stratigraphic architecture 710–711, 715 Norway 565 Moho map 892 tectonic events 691 Navajo Formation Sandstone negative Moho difference 846 Muskwa Shale 1079 Jurassic age 1193 profile 846 MVA. See monitoring, verification and Nelson Field 53 satellite image 916 accounting (MVA) bypassed oil configuration 365 Møre–Trøndelag Fault Zone 917 MWD. See measurement while drilling bypassed oil volumes 361 Palaeozoic-age 916 (MWD) sensors drainage cells 361 Morgan Accommodation Zone 775 hydraulic units 359 Morocco 733. See also specific location Nafun Group 674 lateral compartmentalization 357 Atlas Basin 928 Nagssugtoqidian Mobile Belt locating remaining oil in 349–367 Central High Atlas Basin, Morocco 929 lead space plots 948 analogue information 351–352 High Atlas 926 Namibe Basin 1044 channelized turbidite reservoirs Maider Basin 731, 732 Namurian age production patterns 351–352 palaeogeographic map at Triassic marine shales TOC 1091 channel margins bypassed oil time 927 onshore UK 69 351–352 Permo-Triassic outcrops 934 vitrinite reflectance percentage mud drapes 351 present-day structure summary map 927 values 1093 sand complexes amalgamation 351 rifting and continental breakup 921 Nana-1XP well 543, 544 shale blankets 351 structural style and evolution evidence quality-control plot 544 background information 350–351 from outcrop 925–927 Nankai Trough central channel complex 351 Tafilalt Basin 731 BSR 1153 eastern channel complex 351 tectonic and climactic influence on gas hydrates occurrence 1153 western channel complex 351 depositional architecture 934 Naokelekan Formation 802, 808 data integration 352–358, 354 Morrissey Formation 1101 narrow-azimuth towed steamer data integration vertical flow 354–358 mounted laser scanner system 21 (NATS) 1014 oil–water contact movement Mount Elbert Prospect 1151 acquisition configuration 1016 354–355 Alaska 1151 associated generic costs 1022 post-production formation tester logs gas hydrate stratigraphic test well 1152 data 1018, 1020 355 Mouthbar Facies Association 163, 164 data quality v. tile number 1022 shut-in crossflow 355 cross-bedding 166 earth model 1018 water geochemistry 357–358 Hugin Formation sedimentology 166 v. WATS tile number comparison 1021 water shutoff performance 355 INDEX 1223

flow detection controls methods stromatolitic carbonate reservoir 679 depositional model 1102–1103 359–361 succession 679 rock properties 1103–1104 areal flow barriers and baffles 361 timescale 675 cross-section 1106 4D seismic data 360–361 West Africa 681–682 data cross-plots 1108 water and oil geochemistry 360 Neotethys 742–743 interbedded sandstones 1116 water cut maps used in conjunction Nesna detachment 569 Lower Cretaceous age 1099 with log facies maps 359–360 Nesna Shear Zone 893 outcrop photograph 1103 locating remaining oil workflow 350 Netherlands 261–274 shales 1110 predictive models to plan infill wells exploration drilling 261 Nile Delta 349–350 index map 262 burial history 701 screening tools 361–362 petroleum exploration with stratigraphic Cenozoic plays target oil volumes 364–366 plays 261–274 deep Oligocene play 698–700 oil bypassed in channel margins based on basin evolution and depositional system 701 365–366 depositional model 265–266 geological section 699 significant attic oil volumes 364–365 basin evolution structural framework lithology 699 slow oil 365 264–265 Oligocene sequence 700 uneconomic oil volumes 362–364 biogenic gas 264 petroleum systems 699 channel margin architecture 364 Cenozoic 273 sedimentary characteristics 700 heterogeneous reservoir intervals 363 Devonian and Mississippian 266 sedimentary stacking patterns 699 local sand pinchouts 364 Early Jurassic 268 stratigraphy 700 minor attic oil volumes 363 Early Jurassic Posidonia shale 263–264 tectonic events 699, 701 thin beds 362–363 Geverik shale 264 Niobrara Formation thin beds partially disconnected by Late Carboniferous gas 263 fracture porosity 1139 faulting 363–364 Late Cretaceous Chalk 269–273 non-bioturbated claystones vertical flow barriers 359 Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Farsund Formation 139 location 350 268–269 non-reservoir chalk facies log facies map 361 Pennsylvanian 266 coccolith fragments 495 open hole gamma-ray logs 357 plays 263–264 Nordfjord principal reservoir intervals 353 biogenic gas 264 satellite image 916 resistivity logs 357 Early Jurassic Posidonia shale Nordfjord–Sogn detachment 569–571 top structure map 352 263–264 Nordkapp Basin Aeromagnetic turbidite reservoirs 356 Geverik shale 264 Survey 564 well 22/11-7 351 Late Carboniferous gas 263 Nordland Neocomian–Barremian Bucomazi Formation Rotliegend 266–267 petrophysical samples locations 568 1046 structural v. stratigraphic traps 261–262 susceptibility log 577 Neogene age. See also Late Neogene age Triassic 267–268 normalized root mean square (NRMS) basin 77, 78 Zechstein 267 517, 525 unconformity 91 stratigraphical log 262 North Africa depositional units 92 stratigraphic traps 266, 273, 274 Cambrian succession 684 Early unconformities 262 Cambro-Ordovician stratigraphy 682–686, exhumation 983–984 net to gross (NTG) character 684 exhumation 983–984 Skagerrak Formation 410 Carboniferous outcrop sections 726, 727 hydrocarbon system events chart 1127 well production performance 410 Carboniferous plays 731 Mako´ Trough rocks 1082 New Albany Shale 1134 Carboniferous stratigraphic traps Norwegian wells 989 calcite-sealed fractures 1138 725–733 petroleum system 1126–1128 cores and outcrops 1135 Cenozoic volcanic centres 673 Scandinavia uplift 1000 tall calcite-sealed fractures 1133 Devonian stratigraphy 686–688 shale gas in Europe 1081–1083 Newark East shale gas field 1087 Early Carboniferous cycle 730 succession seismic-stratigraphy 78–83 Newfoundland margin exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon Neoproterozoic petroleum system 679, 682 drilling results 867 plays 676, 682–691 Algeria 677 New Mexico gas occurrences 762 conceptual 1056 ECBM sequestration test 1191–1192 Ghadames–Illizi Basin, North Africa exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon New Siberian Islands integrated petroleum systems plays 676–681 crustal tectonic 594 735–759 Mali 677 New Siberian-Wrangel Foreland Basin and global transgressive–regressive cycles Mauritania 677 609–610, 612 730–731 Taoudenni Basin 676–681, 677, 679 New York Hercynian unconformity 683 hydrocarbon plays 677–679 Catskill Mountains 505 hydrocarbon generation 688–691 stratigraphy and tectonic evolution Nezzazat Group 773, 774 hydrocarbon prospectivity 682–688 676–677 NGHP Expedition 01, India 1153 Late Ordovician glaciogenic 685 thermal evolution and hydrocarbon NGU. See Geological Survey of Norway Neoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic–Early generation 679–681 (NGU) Cambrian plays 682 Neoproterozoic plays 673–702 Niendorf II oil occurrences 762 basin remnant 681 diapiric salt 903 palaeohigh influence on plays 707–723 cross-section schematic 1057 diapirs 902 Palaeozoic basins 674, 688, 722 exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon Nikanassin Formation 1099–1100, Palaeozoic hydrocarbon source rocks 691 plays 681–682 1102–1105, 1112–1113, 1122 Palaeozoic platform geological setting Middle East hydrocarbon plays 674 ambient porosity v. permeability 1108 707–708 North Africa 681–682, 682 basin-centred gas 1101–1104 Palaeozoic times 719 1224 INDEX

North Africa (Continued) uplift and erosion 981 Northern Terrace 231 plays uplift and exhumation 979–1001 seismic reprocessing results 239 Palaeohigh influence 721–722 North Chukchi Basin 613 Northern Yamal Peninsula 661 structural style Pan-African heritage 718 internal structure 613 North German Basin 1080 uplifts timing 718–721 Northeast Atlantic North Ireland Precambrian and Palaeozoic plays 692 base basalts 1028 hydrocarbon wells 1089 Silurian stratigraphy 686–688 basins 1028 North Kara Province Silurian Tannezuft Formation 687 bathymetry and topography map 561 petroleum geology 605 stratigraphic architecture 718 Bouguer gravity 566 RAS sedimentary basins 605 stratigraphic trapping types 731 CHAMP satellite magnetic anomaly 564 shelves 593 tectonic evolution 682–688 gravity surveys compilation 566 North Kara Sea thermal evolution 688–691 magnetic compilation 564 HC systems 605 uprising palaeohigh 719 magnetic surveys compilation 563 North Red Sea 786 North Africa Carboniferous sequence pre-drift reconstruction 1031 basin hydrocarbon prospectivity framework 728 seismic section 1028 Egypt 783–788 stratigraphic traps North Africa 725–731 sub-basalt hydrocarbon prospectivity North Rockall Trough 973 Early to Middle Tournaisian 1025–1031 north Russia transgression 729 Faroe–Shetland and Møre basins topography 646 global transgressive–regressive cycles 1025–1028 North Sea 11, 16, 27, 28, 135, 138, 148, 150, 730–731 Rockall 1028–1029 463, 1183. See also Central North Sea Late Devonian (Strunian) regression seismic data acquisition and processing (CNS) 725–729 1025 adjacent petroliferous basins 32 Latest Vise´an to Serpukhovian Northeast Atlantic Margin CDR frequency spectrum 519 transgression 729 basin inversion 971 Chalk 538 Late Tournaisian regression 729 bathymetric map 964 debate 16 Late Tournaisian to earliest Vise´an Cenozoic unconformities 974 deepwater reservoirs 50 transgression 729 geological and structural features 844 erosion removal 988 Strunian regression 725–729 imaged sub-basalt strata 1029 exploration 14, 17, 31, 37 Vise´an transgressive–regressive cycles Northeast England four dimensional acquisition and 729 Carboniferous TOC 1092 processing case study 517–522 North America 1065. See also specific areas case study 1162 Gannet Area shale gas 1062 underground coal gasification with Eocene Tay formation fan system 46 shales and tight reservoirs 1061 CCS 1162 GeoControversies debates 14–15 North Atlantic 550 Northeast North Sea geological evolution and exploration AFTA and VR data 641 individual contributions to basement depth history 37 areas displaying Cenozoic exhumation 642 map 891–892 individual contributions to basement depth conceptual breakup models 863 Northern Judd Basin map 891–892 continental breakup 831, 986 CSEM survey 258 Jurassic rift complex 127 Faroe Islands 1033 depositional concept 251 largest fields 32 flood basalt province 838 model far-stack 256 location map 538 gravity compilations 578–580 OMV05-2 255 Mungo 518, 519 hot mantle 839 OMV05-2 far-stack 256 oil field 443 Late Permian–Early Triassic and Middle optimized thickness model 257 polyphase rifting 43 Jurassic 949 rock physics 253 porosity–permeability relationship 141 lead basement source 938 rock physics evaluation 258 pressure distribution 52 Norway aeromagnetic compilations seismic amplitude anomaly 251, 253 rift basin architecture 37–38 578–580 T38 sequence prospectivity 245–258 Scott Field 387 oceanic spreading 578–580 CSEM survey 254–258 seismic technique datasets 33 palaeogeographic reconstructions 949 hydrocarbon sourcing 251–253 seismic time difference volumes 518 Paleocene–Eocene transition 986 within Lamba formation 249–258 sub-Zechstein seismo-stratigraphic pre-quaternary geology 980 CSEM survey 254–258 relationship 61 rifted continental margins 832 hydrocarbon sourcing 251–253 tectonic model evolution 40 schematic Triassic palaeogeographic reservoir 249–251 3D seismic mapping 52 reconstruction 929 rock physics analysis 253–254 time isochore map 539 seafloor spreading 834 seal 253 2D seismic mapping 52 seismic profile 832 trap 251 UK seismic and drilling technology North Atlantic margins main prospectivity 247–249 337–347 basalt flows 833 stratigraphy 245–246 unconformities 185 P-wave velocities 839 structure 246–247 Utsira Formation 1184 seismic profile 832 northern Norway Volgian sandstone intervals 139 vertical seismic profiles 832 Precambrian units 889 well data 41 North Atlantic passive margins Northern Panel 369 North Sea Basin erosion surfaces 981 Northern Priverkhoyansk Foredeep case A tectonic control geological map 886 assessment unit 624, 627–629 Cenozoic stratigraphy and hydrocarbons preservation 986 densities and median sizes 625 palaeogeography 982–986 Permo-Triassic 921–934 distributions and assessment unit Early and Late Neogene exhumation post-rift uplift 979 probabilities 629 983–984 rifting 893 field densities, field sizes, and exploration episodic uplift and exhumation seismic sections 983 maturities 623–624 982–986 INDEX 1225

Southern Scandinavia post-breakup biofacies 488 Northwest Danish Central Graben uplift phases 986 lithology/petrophysics 487 95–111 Chalk deposition 479 Upper Magne Formation 483–484 Northwest European Atlantic margin Late Miocene palaeogeography 985 age 483 structural and terrane map 923 maximum burial 982 biofacies 483 North West Europe and Global Perspectives Middle Miocene palaeogeography 985 correlation 483 31 mid-Oligocene palaeogeography 984 formation 483 Northwest Siberia 667 palaeogeography 984 lithology/petrophysics 483 basin sensitivity parameters 661 664 Pliocene palaeogeography 985 tectonostratigraphy 483 isotopic composition of methane 665 Scandinavia 1001 Upper Tor Formation 484–486 North Ymir Ridge Anticline North Sea Central Graben 463 age 484 bathymetric gorge 973 wells location 494 biofacies 484–485 seismic profile 971 North Sea Dome lithology/petrophysics 484 Norway 559–583, 563. See also North Sea hydrocarbon systems tectonostratigraphy 486 mid-Norwegian margin 37–4537–38 North Sea Exploration Manager of Amerada aeromagnetic compilations 559–583 North Sea Eldfisk Field Hess 14 analytic signal shaded relief map 576 holostratigraphic approach to Chalk North Sea Group 273 bathymetry and topography map 561 473–491 North Sea High body formed 843 biofacies methodology 479–481 structural and stratigraphic relationships 70 case B early Neogene exhumation 987–990 Ekofisk Formation 478 North Sea hydrocarbon systems 37–53 episodic uplift and exhumation 987–990 geophysical data 477–481, 479–481 deepwater reservoirs Palaeogene v. Late basic concepts 987 Magne Formation 478 Jurassic 45–50 burial anomalies 987 methodology and integration of results basin architecture 50 timing and magnitude 987–988 474–478 basin setting/sea-level response 49–50 continental shelf sedimentary rocks 572 results 481–488 Cenozoic examples 45–46 Danish Basin potential field anomalies 891 stratigraphic background 473 Central Trough Upper Jurassic Eldfisk Field holostratigraphic approach to study objectives 474 comparison 49 Chalk 479–488 Lower Ekofisk Formation 475–476, play considerations 45–46 Hugin Formation 157–175 486–487 provenance/hinterland 49 maximum burial 982 age 486 reservoir fairway development middle margin 843–853 biofacies 486 48–49 North Atlantic passive margin lithology/petrophysics 486 salt withdrawal role 50 rifting 893 tectonostratigraphy 486–487 sandstone injectites 46 North Sea 479–488, 1183 Lower Magne Formation 482–483 sandstone provenance 48–49 NRM 565 age 482 Upper Jurassic deepwater depositional onlapping marine shales 419 biofacies 482 systems 46–48 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips 24 correlation 483 historical milestones 37–45 petrophysical data 581 lithology/petrophysics 482 petroleum geology retrospective view petrophysical samples locations 568 tectonostratigraphy 482–483 51–53 Precambrian units 889 Lower Tor Formation 484 regional setting 37 pre-glacial terrain 918 age 484 tectonics 37–45 profile data 560–561 biofacies 484 basin forming mechanisms 39–41 regional structures 573 lithology/petrophysics 484 Cimmerian events 37–38 reservoired hydrocarbons 989 tectonostratigraphy 484 crustal scale deformation 39–41 rifting commenced 925 Magne Formation 477 fault geometries 39 uplifting and erosion 998 Middle Ekofisk Formation 476, 487 Late Cimmerian 39 Norwegian Barents Shelf 599 age 487 Late Cimmerian rift architecture 44–45 Norwegian Central Graben Chalk fields 481 biofacies 487 Mid Cimmerian reservoir distribution Norwegian continental margin lithology/petrophysics 487 controls 38–39 geological features 917 Middle Tor Formation North Sea Dome 37–38 onshore geomorphology 916 age 484 polyphase rifting 41–43 pre-glacial terrain 918 biofacies 484 shear 39–41 Norwegian Continental Shelf 885–895 lithology/petrophysics 484 stratal geometries fundamental change basement thickness 885–895 tectonostratigraphy 484 44–45 basement thickness maps 892–893 Narve Formation 478, 481 structural processes 41 Bouguer anomaly 887 age 481 trap scale salt-related geometries 43–44 database presentation 887–888 biofacies 481 Triassic reservoir distribution controls gravity anomaly map 888 lithology/petrophysics 481 38–39 magnetic anomaly map 887–888 regional correlation 481 North Sea Rift regional seismic data 888 tectonostratigraphy 481 3D seismic data blanket 39 data integration 888 Thud Formation 478, 481–482 generalized stratigraphy 39 geological setting 885–887 age 481 structural elements 38 individual contributions to basement depth biofacies 482 Triassic stratigraphy 40 map 889–892 correlation 482 North Siberian Arch Barents Sea 889 lithology/petrophysics 481–482 crustal tectonic 594 Kattegat 891–892 tectonostratigraphy 482 North Slope of Alaska Lofoten margin 889–890 Tor Formation 476–477, 478 location map 637 Mid-Norwegian margin 889–891 Upper Ekofisk Formation 475, 487–488 wells 640 Møre margin 890–891 age 487 Northumberland Trough 59 Northeastern North Sea 891–892 1226 INDEX

Norwegian Continental Shelf (Continued) Novaya Zemlya 660 oceanic deepwater basins Norwegian–Danish Basin 891–892 archipelago 649 free-air gravity field 595 Skagerrak 891–892 archipelago dimensions 650 oceanic sound speed variations 549 Viking Graben 891 arcuate fold-and-thrust belts 648 October Concession Rudeis Formation 778 Vøring margin 890 Axial Structural Domain 651 October Revolution Island 594, 596 Moho depth 892–893 Central Structural Domain 651 offshore aeromagnetic surveys 562 new compilation 885–895 classification schemes 647–649 offshore crystalline basement blocks from passive margin system 885–895 curvature 647–649 Atlantic petroleum industry 885 Eastern Structural Domain 651 lead space plots 948 potential field data 888 fold-and-thrust belt 645–656, 653 offshore deposition segmentation of passive margin system foreland deformation 603 indicator and predictor 919 885–895 offset 645–656 Offshore Equatorial Guinea 827 seismic profiles 887 palaeogeography maps 655 offshore open-marine facies association top basement 885–895 Precambrian–Cambrian Hugin Formation sedimentology 167–168 compilation 890 exposures 652 description 167 map 889 structural trend lines 652 interpretation 167 total magnetic field anomaly 887 structure 652, 653 sequence stratigraphy 167 Norwegian–Danish Basin 569, 576 curvature 654–656 wireline-log character 168 individual contributions to basement depth curvature cause 651–654 offshore three dimensional seismic data map 891–892 domain 651 interpretation 1033–1040 potential field 892 interpretation 651–654 analogues 1038–1039 Precambrian basement 895 offset cause 654 base volcanic effect and subvolcanic Norwegian–Greenland Sea patterns 649–651, 649 unit 1038 aeromagnetic surveys 579 trend lines 649, 650 data and methods 1034–1035 embayment 654 thrust-sheet transport 654 facies units description 1035–1038 Norwegian Margin 847 topography 646, 652 facies unit 1 1037 basin inversion 971 Western Structural Domain 651 facies unit 2 1037 Caledonian basement 895 Novaya Zemlya Fold Belt (NZFB) 594, facies unit 3 1037 distribution of lower crustal bodies 598, 603 facies unit 4 1037 843–853 NRM. See natural remanent facies unit 5 1037 flexural isostasy 843 magnetization (NRM) facies unit 6 1037–1038 formation 887 NRMS. See normalized root mean geological development 1039–1040 individual contributions to basement depth square (NRMS) geological model 1039 map 889–890 NSF. See National Science Foundation (NSF) intrusions 1038 magmatic underplating 852 NTG. See net to gross (NTG) character study background 1034 magnetic basement 888 Nubia Sandstone 773, 774, 786 offshore West Greenland physiographically 887 structural traps 788 seismic profile 996 plate reconstruction 582 Nukhul Formation 772 oil properties of lower crustal bodies basal conglomerates 772 Angola exploration 1043 843–853 lidar-derived DEM 22 Angola production 1043 Norwegian model location map 22 Bakken Formation 1067, 1073, 1074 LCB and Moho horizons 844 marine to brackish depositional conditions composition 95 Moho boundary 844 777 Cretaceous age 808 potential field models 844 petroleum geoscientists virtual Danish Central Graben 95–111 volcanic distribution 844 fieldtrips 24 density 1072–1073 Norwegian Sea Overflow Quickbird Satellite image 22 East Barents region 603 compression 973 syncline dataset 22,24 enhanced recovery 1158, Norwegian shelf syn-rift sedimentation 772 1165–1166, 1190 HP/HT field 420 syn-rift stratigraphy 777 Farsund Formation 96, 105 Norwegian wells VRGS software 22 generation potential 105, 607 AFTA and FR data 989 Nuussuaq Basin geochemistry 360 burial anomaly 989 Gro-3 well 640 geology-led approach 366 Neogene phase 989 NZFB. See Novaya Zemlya Fold Belt gravity data 1067, 1074 palaeogeothermal gradient values 990 (NZFB) heavy 1141, 1142, 1145, 1147–1148 sonic logs 988 hydrocarbon pools 1073 thermochronological constraints 989 OBC. See Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) Italy provinces 115 3/7-6 well 138 oblique progradational facies 1035 kerogens 96, 100, 103, 104, 110 2/12-1 well 130 OBM. See oil-based mud (OBM) Laptev Shelf 607 Not formation 423–424 O’Brien, Mike 14 locating methods 366 Notikewin Member OBS. See ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) mature fields 366 basin-centred gas in Western Canada 1108 Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) migration model 253 Noto Formation 118 acquisition programme 477 North Africa occurrences 762 foreland 124 data 390 permeabilities 1159 hydrocarbon occurrences 124 survey 337 predicting production behaviour 405–417 Nova Scotia, Canada ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) price trends chart 437 Fundy Basin 928, 929–931 831, 833 recovery 412 Minas Basin 929, 931 Atlantis Field 1016 reservoir 299–313 Permo-Triassic 934 component 834 shales 103 Permo-Triassic outcrops 934 nodes 1016 source rock 98 INDEX 1227

T38 anomaly 253 Ouled Cheb formation 688 pre-Hercynian migration process 722 Westray Fault system 253 Ourika Valley 925, 927 source rock deposition 722 window 96, 105, 110 outboard areas 825 stratigraphic architecture 722 oil-based mud (OBM) 95 outcrops stratigraphic architecture 707–718, oil–water contact (OWC) 337, 351, 355 analogue studies 23 721–722 Donan Field 444 fracture types 1132 structural style Pan-African heritage 718 4D seismic and reservoir model calibration West Greenland 1034 sub-basins and arches 707–708 342 Outer Moray Firth 387 synthesis tectonostratigraphic evolution injection strategy 391 Outer Rough Basin 97 718–722 Scott Field 389 VR gradients 96 Tihemboka High, Illizi and Murzuq Tyra Field 465, 471 wells VR trends 100 basins 715–716 Okavango Basin 1044, 1055 Outer Rough Sand 138, 139 uplifts timing 718–721 thickness 1055 facies core photos 135 Palaeozoic petroleum systems 707–723 Old Red Sandstone 299 porosity–permeability relationship 141 Pan-African heritage 718 Oligocene age 113, 689 sedimentological core log 140 Palaeotethys Ocean Drift 738 depositional features 701 Owambo Basin 1044, 1055 palaeothermal 980 Nile Delta sequence 700 thickness 1055 Palaeozoic age succession 701 OWC. See oil–water contact (OWC) Ahnet Basin 686, 738 West Greenland hiatus offshore 993 Oxford Clay Ajjer Tassil outcrops 709 West Greenland unconformity 994 black shale 1095, 1096 Berkine Basin 709 Oman Oxfordian age depocentres Geoprobe image 742 exploring hydrocarbon plays 674–676 Early Early 5, 718, 1091 Onika Anticline 970 sequence J46 186 exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon seismic profile 972 fairways 49 plays 682–684, 697 onlapping marine shales 419 Kimmeridgian basin fabric 201 Faroe–Shetland Basin structural play 954 onshore United Kingdom 69 Kimmeridgian turbidite sandstone Hercynian unconformity 694 open fractures reservoirs 205 hydrocarbon plays 682 geomechanical modelling 3D output 1119 Late 190–192 integrated petroleum systems 735–759 Open Geospatial Consortium 25 sequence J54a 187–190 Late 5 Ophelia-1 well 136 depositional environments 190 Middle East 694 sedimentological core logs 137 regressive shoreface sandstones 187 basins 674 Ophiomorpha 133, 166 turbidite sandstones 188 plays 697 burrows 130 Middle Møre–Trøndelag Fault Zone 916 O.P.V. Seillean 432 sequence J52 186–187, 189 North Africa 707–723, 719 Orca Basin 1151 basins 674, 688, 761 Orcadian Basin 1090, 1090 Pabdeh in Cenozoic location 735 Ordovician age major play systems 793 plays 692 Hamra Quartzites 685 Pai Khoi region tectonic elements 736 Late 685, 686, 695 major strike-slip fault systems 654 petroleum system 688, 691, 697, 707–723 North Africa stratigraphy 682–686, 684 Pakistan Reggane Basin 686, 738 Sarah Formation 695, 697 Sindh and Punjab regions 676 Rub Al Khali Basin 695 shale 1091 palaeoburial sedimentation 708 shallow water clastic sediments 596 data 980 structural elements 264 Unayzah formation 697 landscape 982 succession 710–718 organic carbon 813, 814, 818 Palaeogene age 463 stratigraphic column 709 organic facies basalts 1025 Taoudenni Basin 738 Shiranish Formation 815–816 v. Late Jurassic age deepwater reservoirs 50 Tindouf Basin 738 Origin of Sediment-Related AeroMagnetics volcanic distribution 1026 Paleocene age (OSRAM) Project 565 palaeogeographic reconstruction 4 Andrew sands 225 Ormen Lange system palaeogeothermal gradients Barents Sea cooling 637 fluvial erosion 918 derived from AFTA and VR data 636, 640 Faroe–Shetland Basin 281 Maastrichtian–Paleocene age 917 palaeohigh 722 gas condensate discoveries 279 segment-style analysis 920 influence on North African plays 707–723 Laggan 279 Oslo Rift 569 Ahara High, Illizi, and Berkine basins, Late 45 OSRAM. See Origin of Sediment-Related Algeria 712–714 Lower Balmoral sandstones 437 AeroMagnetics (OSRAM) Project Cambrian to Devonian succession Ormen Lange system 916–919 Ouachita Thrust Front 1088 707–710 palaeogeothermal gradients 636, 640 Ouan Kasa Formation 686 Djebel Tamamat in Bled el Mass area Pladda prospects 437, 438 Oued Mya Basin 716–718 reservoir 431, 432 thermal maturity of Early Silurian Gargaff Arch, Ghadames and Murzuq sandstones 214 Tannezuft hot shale 690 basins, Libya 710–712 shelfal Hermod sequences 45 Ougarta Arch 725 geological setting 707–710 Top Lower Balmoral Structure 438 Oukaimeden Sandstone Formation 932 Palaeozoic platform 707–710 Tormore 279 distribution of facies associations 933 Palaeozoic succession around transition to North Atlantic Oukaimeden Valley 925, 927 syn-tectonic highs 710–718 breakup 986 alluvial fan breccias 928 petroleum system implications 722 Vøring Basin strata 1031 sedimentation 928 implications on reservoir quality 722 Paleocene Forties Sandstone Member stereonet plot 928 potential tectonostratigraphic 214, 215 structural cross-section across 928 traps 722 exploration 213 1228 INDEX

Paleocene Forties Sandstone Member large drainage basin systems 826 implications for future exploration (Continued) remaining deepwater plays 827 921–934 isopach map 217 reservoirs and basement in multiphase Morocco and Nova Scotia 934 reservoir interval 351 rifts 826 North Atlantic passive margins 921–934 reservoir potential 215 reservoirs and outer margins 826 outcrops 934 Pannonian Basin 1082, 1082 shelf edge deltas and plays 826–827 PESGB. See Petroleum Exploration Society Central Europe 1126, 1126 retention 827 of Great Britain (PESGB) dynamic hydrocarbon system 1127 series of case histories from Ireland petroleum Hungary 1062, 1126 1005–1012 acreage in Italy 114 lithostratigraphic units and pressure subtle migration paths 827 Bakken Formation 1066 regimes 1127 PCG7 audience 12 endowment in Italy 114 Lower Miocene 1126 peak oil no longer concern migration 1066 Middle Miocene 1126–1129 GeoControversies debates 11–12 permits in Italy 114 Neogene hydrocarbon system events chart Pechora Sea 598 play fairway analysis 735–759 1127 PEE. See petroleum expulsion plays in continental margins 975 Neogene petroleum system 1126–1128 efficiency (PEE) Shiranish Formation 818 maturity 1127 Pelagian Basin 741 Petroleum Exploration Society of Great reservoirs and seals 1127–1128 Pelion Formation Britain (PESGB) 27 source rocks 1126–1127 transgressive sandstones 422 petroleum expulsion efficiency (PEE) 1068 timing 1128 Pennine Basin 1092 Bakken Formation 1070, 1073 overpressured basal shales 1128 coal and hydrocarbon petroleum generation 96, 98 overpressured Upper Miocene exploration 1093 Bakken Formation 1072 brackish-water shale 1129 Craven Group 1092–1093 potential 101 Pliocene 1126 Pennsylvanian threshold 1072 present-day heat flow 1126 Netherlands petroleum exploration with petroleum generation index (PGI) 1068 Sarmatian sedimentary rocks 1126 stratigraphic plays 266 Bakken Formation 1070, 1073 shale gas in Europe 1081–1083 play map 268 petroleum geology structural and sedimentary evolution Pentland basin North Sea hydrocarbon systems 51–53 1125–1126 marine environments 191 and reservoir production of South Arne palaeogeographic evolution 1125 Pentland Formation 185 523–524 sedimentary environment 1125 reservoir 231 Petroleum Geology Conference stratigraphy of basin fill 1125–1126 tectono-stratigraphic model 234 history from 1974 to date from NW Europe structural evolution 1125 Pentland Hills Inlier 67 to international 31 tight gas exploration 1125–1129 Pentland succession petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips tight gas plays 1128–1129 biostratigraphic data 193 19–25 TOC 1126 Peri-Gondwana Margin palaeogeography 675 applications 20–23 unconventional hydrocarbon 1128 Periscope 15 DVD examples 23–25 Upper Miocene 1126, 1127–1128 planned v. actual geosteered wellpath 446 Arkitsa fault, Greece 24–25 Panther Tongue sandstone 24 permeability preservation 288 carbonates, Alpine foreland 25 lidar studies 24 Permian age deltaic reservoir analogues from central paper theme 372 architecture 65–67 Utah 24 Paradox Basin sequestration test 1190 Argana Basin 930 Gre`s d’Annot Formation, SE France 24 parallel bedded platform facies 1035 basins 325, 456 Lofoten, Norway 24 Paratethys 1126 location map 922 Moab fault, Utah 25 Parshall Field 1065 morphology 57 Nukul syncline, Gulf of Suez 24 Passage Beds 1101 preparing for carbon constrained world Shannon Basin, West of Ireland passive margins 823–828 1190–1191 23–24 evolution 1005–1012 Central High Atlas Basin 930 future trends 25 exploration models 828 Early 57, 739 virtual fieldtrips creation 19–20 exploration technology 828 Fundy Basin 930 petroleum industry frontiers 828 hopanes and steranes in oil sample 107 Norwegian continental shelf 885 arctic 828 Kupfershiefer 264 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips palaeo-passive margins 828 lithostratigraphy 58 20–23 hydrocarbon charge and maturation plate-tectonic setting and depositional additional field time 20–22 824–826 environments 603 discontinuity dimensions 23 heat flow models 825–826 red beds 926 geometry constraints 23 hydrates and biogenic gas 825 Rotliegend Groningen gas field 261 multiscale model context 22–23 local source rocks 824–825 Scandinavia 572 traditional fieldtrip training tool 20 marine source rocks 824 seismic data for wells 57 petroleum resources oceanic anoxic events 824 shallow marine 596 Siberian Craton 621–631 oceanic crust exploration 826 traps 262 Petroleum Sharing Contracts (PSC) 1044 hydrocarbon prospectivity 825 Upper Rotliegendes Group 262, 269 petroleum systems 675, 676, 688, 700, 824, late structural evolution 827 volcanic rocks magnetic properties 572 826, 827 magmatic addition 824 Permian White Rim Sandstone 1193 advances 2 megasequence 738 Permo-Carboniferous analysis 2 new development concepts 827–828 Unayzah formations 697 Arabian Palaeozoic 692 Norwegian continental shelf 885–895 Permo-Triassic Basin 921–934, 923 Bush Formation 674 passive margin evolution 823–824 Central High Atlas and Argana basins 925 characterized 673 reservoirs 826–827 evolution and fill 921–934 Cretaceous age 119–120 INDEX 1229

Devonian–Mississippian Bakken Piper Field 391 seabed slope 552 Formation 1061–1062 sandstones 389, 398, 437 Porcupine Basin 44, 848, 940, 949, distribution and nature 6 Upper and Lower 393 1005–1009 Early Jurassic age 118–119 Pladda prospects database 1005–1007 Early Silurian Tanzuft 743–745 Paleocene 437, 438 Dooish K-feldspars 950 gas-prone 1045 planktonic foraminifera interpretation grid basemap 1006 Ghadames–Illizi Basin 735 biofacies groups 480 location map 1006 Gulf of Suez 788 Eldfisk Bravo 486 seismic interpretation 1005–1009 hydrocarbon distribution 752–754 Eldfisk Field 480 Porcupine Median Ridge (PMR) 1008 implications on reservoir quality 722 plate reconstruction 2 original and reprocessed section 1007 integrated 735–759 constrain 4 porosity Italy 118–119, 124 detrital zircons 6 and permeability preservation 288 Late Devonian Frasnian 745 Greenland 582 uncertainty 294 Late Triassic age 118–119 Norwegian margin 582 Porto Corsini East Field 122–123, 122 megasequence framework 735–743 plate tectonics 51 Posidonia shale Foreland Basin 1 megasequence 738 play fairway Early Jurassic age 263–264 Foreland Basin 2 megasequence 743 analysis 791, 794 Post-Aptian salt plays 1049–1052 passive margin 1 megasequence 738 assessment 1065 post-basalt heating passive margin 2 megasequence 738 CRS description 794 East Greenland 1000 post-rift 2 megasequence 741 distribution 4 post-rift post-rift 3 megasequence 742–743 frontier basin distribution 2 early 961 syn-rift 1 megasequence 738 locate new oil and gas resources 791 post-rift uplift syn-rift 2 megasequence 739–742 lowest risk segments 794 along passive margins 1000 Mesozoic 698 quality 6 megasequence 741, 742–743 migration modelling 754–755 risk mapping techniques 791–799 North Atlantic passive margins 979 missing section map and erosion maps play systems 793. See also specific location post-salt gas plays 1050 745–752 syn-rift models 962 post-salt thermogenic petroleum model 791 Pleistocene age systems 1051 Nile Delta, Egypt 699 Corsica 382 potassium feldspars North African Palaeozoic basins 722 dip map 904 detrital 940, 950 palaeohigh influence on North African Early 83 Dooish 947, 950 plays 722 glaciations 918 lead 934, 938 petroleum source rocks 743–745 Golo turbidite system 382 lead isotopic composition 950 phases 674 Pliocene age Rockall Basin 951 play fairway analysis 735–759 Apennines 113 potential field modelling post-salt thermogenic 1051 North Sea Basin palaeogeography 985 Caledonoid granite core 61 potential tectonostratigraphic traps 722 Pannonian Basin 1126 Carboniferous petroleum system pre-Hercynian migration process 722 Plio-Pleistocene 65–67 reservoir-seal combinations 745 foredeep wedges biogenic gas 121–123 potential stratigraphic trapping types Rub Al Khali Basin, Saudi Arabia 696 Italy hydrocarbon occurrences 121–123 Carboniferous stratigraphic traps North source access 754 Porto Corsini East gas field 122 Africa 731–733 source rock deposition 722 Settala gas field 123 Powder River Basin in Wyoming 1156 source rock pressure 754 terrigenous units 122, 123 Pre-Aptian salt plays 1045–1049 South Atlantic Ocean breakup 862–865 PMR. See Porcupine Median Ridge (PMR) Precambrian age stratigraphic architecture 722 POC. See proto-oceanic crust (POC) basement 888, 890, 891, 893–894 between Timor and Australia 828 pod/interpod terminology 44 gneisses 889 viability 4 Pokur Formation 659, 662, 664, 667 Massif Ancient rocks 925 petrophysical data Cenomanian deltaic coals and North Africa plays 692 compilation 581 mudstones 663 northern Norway 889 NGU 559 Cenomanian fluvial-deltaic deposits 662 Norwegian–Danish Basin 895 Norwegian mainland 581 Cenomanian gas play 659 Novaya Zemlya 652 rock bodies 578 gas yield 663, 664 Taoudenni Basin stratigraphy 678 PGI. See petroleum generation index (PGI) temperature map 666 predicting production behaviour PGS Central North Sea MegaSurvey 78 thermal yields 663 from deep HPHT Triassic reservoirs PGS North Sea Digital Atlas time Poland. See also specific location 405–417 horizons 64 black shales 1080 Deep Joanne model results phase kinetics 1065 polyphase faulting 824 412–414 photomosaic and lidar data polyphase rifting Deep Judy model results 412 stratigraphy 24 European basin architectures 42 field production and well test behaviour pick-and-mix forward models 826 hydrocarbon systems 41–43 407 Piedmont glacier 648 North Sea 41–43 methods 410 Piggvar Terrace ponded turbidites 282, 288 modelling parameters 410–412 wells VR trends 100 Ponta Grossa dyke 861 results 412–414 Pila Spi Formation 801 Po Plain 113, 123 sedimentological interpretation pilot holes 342, 343 foreland 119 408–409 Captain Field 344–345, 346 Villafortuna–Trecate oil field 119 Skagerrak diagenesis 409–410 drilling 347 Porcupine Bank 972 Skagerrak Formation geology 405–407 horizontal 342 lead data from detrital K-feldspar sedimentary architecture impact on well locations 347 grains 940 recovery 405–417 1230 INDEX pressure distribution Ras Abu Darag well Cenozoic Asmari carbonate 791 North Sea 52 Nebwi 81-1 779 central Utah deltaic analogues 24 pressure-temperature (PT) conditions 1071 seismic amplitude anomalies 780 Chalk facies pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) Ra˚s Basin 420 coccolith fragments 495 processing 236, 390 Ras Hamia formation 688 dissolution seams 495 reprocessed 1011 Rattray Volcanics 397 localized stylolites 495 Top Zeit rugosity 787 Rauwerd characterization programme 234–242 velocity models 787 Lower Cretaceous age 272 compaction pre-stack time migration (PSTM) Rauwerd-1-Sneek-1 observed and predicted 533 data 236, 437 cross-section 272 South Arne 524, 526 three dimensional AVO products 216, 217 Ravn Member 136 Cretaceous 803, 805, 958–959, production behaviour sedimentological core logs 137 958–962 predicting 405–417 RCSP. See Regional Carbon Sequestration deep Joanne model 412 Project Ramsay 1162 Partnerships (RCSP) deep Judy model 412 prospect evaluation 261 reactivation 1131–1133 deep Triassic 410 proto-oceanic crust (POC) natural fractures 1134, 1138–1139 deepwater 45–50, 49, 50 West Africa and Brazilian margins 874 reactive kerogen wells 106 depletion fault control 532 Provenance analysis 934 recovery factor (RF) depth 410, 412, 414 categories 937 v. CGR/GOR 415 depth structure map 282 deepwater reservoirs Palaeogene v. Late Deep Judy model results 412 desiccated 1112 Jurassic 49 red bed deposits 928 Donan 443 Rockall Basin palaeodrainage 942–944, Red Sand Formation 90 Egyptian North Red Sea basin 786 948–950 Red Sea Ekofisk 525 PSC. See Petroleum Sharing Contracts (PSC) location map 784 exploring subtle exploration plays in Gulf PSDM. See pre-stack depth North 783–788 of Suez 773–774 migration (PSDM) prospects and leads 787 post-rift reservoirs 774 PSTM. See pre-stack time migration source rock biomarker and isotope pre-rift reservoirs 773 (PSTM) analysis 786 syn-rift reservoirs 773–774 PT. See pressure–temperature (PT) stratigraphy and tectonic framework 785 flow simulation 1171 conditions tectonic setting 785 fractures 23 Puffin horst area Red Sea basin Fulmar Field 495, 498 fault trends 43 aeromagnetic data 788 geomechanical model 524, 533 Puffin Terrace 191, 200 3D SRME processing 786 hydrocarbon(s) 95, 786 turbidite deposition 195 gravity data 788 Jade Field 410 well correlations 193 onshore field mapping 784 Jasmine discovery 234–242 Punjab region pre- and syn-rift sequences 786–787 depositional model 236–240 Pakistan 676 PSDM, foldout intra-reservoir correlation 240 Purple Pick 373 PSTM, foldout seismic reprocessing 234–236 Pyrenean compression 975 salt flood velocity model, foldout structural model 236 pyrolysis gas chromatography seismic data coverage 784 zonation scheme 240–242 Bakken petroleum system 1068–1069 subsalt events 787 Top Joanne 240–241 chain length distribution 1071 subsalt illumination 786 Top Julius Mudstone 241–242 Red Sea Rift 771 Top Lower Joanne 241 Qamchuqa Formation 807 Reggane Basin 686, 729, 733, 738 Top Middle Joanne 241 description 804 Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships Joanne Member 226, 410 lithological model 807 (RCSP) 1189 Judy Field 414 porosity 806 regressive shoreface sandstones Judy Member 405, 410 Qamchuqa matrix 809 sequence J54a 187 Laggan Field 282, 284, 287, 288, Qara Chauq 804 regressive–transgressive scheme 185 290 Qasaiba in Silurian relay ramps Late Jurassic age 127–142 major play systems 793 fault zones 958, 961 Leman Sandstone 327 Q-Marine survey 343 Mid-Cretaceous early syn-rift stage Libya 753 quartz cement growth mature 962 Lower Balmoral 439, 440 Kristin Field 422 rift oblique lineaments 961 Norway hydrocarbons 989 Quaternary sand channels rift topography 959 oil 299–313 analytical signal 578 West Shetland Platform 957 passive margins 826–827 Quickbird Satellite image reservoirs large drainage basin systems 826 Nukhul syncline dataset 22 Algeria 753 remaining deepwater plays 827 Qulleq-1 well architecture reservoirs and basement in multiphase unconformity below Neogene Joanne Member 408 rifts 826 succession 994 Judy Formation 409 reservoirs and outer margins 826 VR data v. depth 994 Athabasca Oil Sands 1141–1150 predicting production behaviour behaviour implications for 408–409 radon demultiple 1009 sedimentological interpretation Ross and minor Burns 345 Rajasthan, India 408–409 sandstones Baghewala Oil Field 676 Buzzard Field 369–384, 381 characteristics 134 Ramsay, William 1155–1156 Captain Field 344 defined 138 RAS. See Russian Arctic shelves (RAS) Carboniferous 317–319, 1168 Forties Field 221 geology Cenomanian 664 Lower Balmoral 440 INDEX 1231

Scott Field 387 Cretaceous sandstones 1031 Lousy Bank 965–966 shale gas 1131 C sandstones 946 Mordor Anticline 967 annual natural gas production 1079 Dooish gas condensate discovery 938, Onika Anticline 970 map 1132 940–942 Viera Anticline 971 Shiranish Formation 802 Dooish K-feldspars 950 West Lewis Ridge reverse faults Skagerrak Formation 226 geoseismic profile and seismic profile 925 970–971 stratigraphy 372–373 geoseismic section 940 Wyville–Thomson Ridge Anticline Taq Taq field development 802 Hatton–Rockall Basin 965 968–969 tight in North America 1061 K-feldspars bulk 951 Ymir Ridge Complex 968 Triassic age 410 lead-in-potassium-feldspar provenance unconformities 963–964 Upper Leman interval 334 tool 938 top-basalt isochron map 966 well 48/14-2 334 location map 922, 1026 well/borehole data location 964 well 48/14a-5 334 margin Ypresian isochore 970 well 48/14a-6 334 sandstones 937–951 Rockall–Faroe continental margin reservoir sedimentology sedimentology 937–951 volcanism constraints 831–841 Garn formation 422–423 Mesozoic sediment dispersal 938–940 Rockall–Faroe continental margins depositional synthesis 423 Mesozoic stratigraphy 938 magmatism 831–841 description 422–423 methodology 942–944 compressional structures 837 rapid pressure decline explanation 423 core logging and sampling 942 crustal structure 837 HP/HT Kristin Field 422–425 imaging and EMPA analysis 942 crustal velocity models 835–837 Ile formation 424–425 lead analysis 942–944 geological interpretation 837–839 depositional synthesis 424–425 provenance analysis 942–944 igneous intrusion 838 description 424 NE Atlantic sub-basalt hydrocarbon igneous intrusion and extrusion 837 rapid pressure decline explanation 425 prospectivity 1028–1029 lithological constraints from P- and S-wave Not formation 423–424 palaeodrainage 937–952 velocities 839–849 Tofte Formation 425–426 results 944–948 source and receiver design 832–833 depositional synthesis 425 analytical results 947–948 wide-angle seismic data 833–835 description 425 B sandstones 944–946, 947 Rockall Trough rapid pressure decline core description 944 acquisition plan 556 explanation 426 C sandstones 946, 947 age of rifting 1029 Upper Ror Formation 425 depositional environments 944–946 bottom-water currents 973 RF. See recovery factor (RF) sandstone petrography 946–947 CTD probe 550 Rheic Ocean Drift 738 A sandstones 944, 946, 946, 950 location 550 Rheic Ocean rifting 738 well stratigraphy 944 Mesozoic strata 1031 Rhuddanian Sandstones 692 rotated faults 1030 mid-Norwegian margin 849 Ribble Turbidites sedimentological logs of cores 945 oceanic mixing 549, 557 erosions 208 strike line 1030 reflection strength 555 ridge-trough sedimentary structures 78 variation of lead K-feldspar populations seismic reflectivity 555 rifting 827, 999–1000 941 sound speed basin architecture 37–38 wireline profiles 941 CTD probe casts 554 climax 961 provenance interpretation 948–950 profiles 555 and continental breakup 921 regional sand-sourcing implications 950 water layer events 265, 824 sub-basalt hydrocarbon prospectivity reflectivity 551 heat flow anomaly 663 1025–1031 sound sections 552 hot/wet spot 824 Rockall–Faroe area stratigraphy 554 initiation 962 age and characteristics 965 structure 553 Jurassic age 960 Atlantic Margin timing, controls and Rock-Eval pyrolysis Late Triassic age 265 consequences 963–975 Bakken Formation 1067, 1069 Norwegian North Atlantic passive basalt escarpments 969, 970 rock physics margin 893 bottom-water currents 973 amplitude anomaly 258 Norwegian region 925 Cenozoic compressional structures 963 inversion 532 phase 825 Cenozoic unconformities 974 model 527, 534 Rheic Ocean 738 compression 963–975 Rocky Mountain foreland fold-and-thrust Rockall Trough 1029 basin control on orientation 971–972 belt 1141 shear 824 bottom-water current activity 972–973 Rodinia Supercontinent 677 Solan Bank High 923 Norwegian Sea Overflow 973 Rolf Field 537 topography relay ramps 959 subsidence 972–973 Romagna accretionary arc Yell Basin margin 960 driving mechanisms 973–975 Porto Corsini East gas field 122 Rijswijk oil province 269 prospectivity implications 975 Rømø barrier island. See also Rio Grande Rise structures 964–971, 968 Holocene–Recent Rømø barrier island location 868 Alpin Anticline 967 system Rio Muni transform Auðhumla Basin Syncline 969 GPR profile 150, 151, 152 gravity modelling 875 Bill Bailey’s Bank 966–967 modern analogue 152 Rita-1 well 130, 136 Bridge Anticline 969–970 palaeogeographic reconstruction 148 sedimentological core logs 137 Dawn Anticline 967–968 reservoir analogue 146 RMS. See root mean square (RMS) Faroe Bank Anticlines 967 tidal inlet sands 152 robust depositional model development 387 Faroe Bank Channel Syncline 967 vertical section trough 147–148 Rockall Basin 930 Hatton Bank Anticline 964–965 wells position 150 B sandstones 946 location 966 west–east cross-sections 150 1232 INDEX

Rona Fault 960 petroleum geology 604–609, v. conglomerate 1111 Rona Ridge 245 611, 614 Corrib gas field 949 roof disruption South Kara Province 603–605 Cretaceous 1031 Gulf of Mexico 908 sparsely explored 614 cross-bedded 423 roof-edge thrust surveys and offshore wells location 592 C sandstones 946 Alaminos Canyon area 904 tectonic history and petroleum geology deepwater reservoirs 46, 48–49 root mean square (RMS) 517 591–615 deposition tectonic reconfiguration 206 amplitude extraction 1015, 1019 tectonic setting 593 deposits sequences J52-J54b 193 Ross Formation 23 Ryazanian gravity-flow sandstones Devonian sandstones 569 Ross reservoir Upper Jurassic reservoir sandstones Dooish 947, 948 LKO 345 139–141 Early Jurassic age 419 rotary steerable systems (RSS) 340 Early Volgian age 138–139 rotated faults Sabden Shales Farsund Formation 141 Rockall Basin 1030 black shale 1095 Fell Sandstone Group 59 Rotliegend Group 61, 66, 328 SACROC EOR fluvial 717 Chiswick Field 319 history-match analysis 1191 Fulmar Field 178, 207 desert sandstones 73 sequestration test 1190–1191 aggradational packages 186 Lower 59, 74 Texas 1190 BVRU 205 Lower Permian age 325 SAGD. See steam-assisted gravity drainage deposited in narrow palaeovalleys 206 Netherlands petroleum exploration (SAGD) Humber Group thickness 207 266–267 Saharn Platform initial distribution 180 reservoir 319 highs 708 J52 and J54 sequences 186 sequence 329 saline aquifer 1191, 1195 shallow-marine 177 strata 62, 67, 69 salt subdivided 182 thickness 69 basin architecture 180 well 22/30b-11 189 two-way time and depth maps 320 Block 31, offshore Angola 1014 gravity-flow 138 Upper and Lower 61 canopies 904, 911 Gulf of Suez 779 Rotliegend Slochteren sand 266 advancing 903 Heno Formation 127 Rover Boys 2 Gulf of Mexico 900, 910 Ireland Mesozoic 951 RSS. See rotary steerable systems (RSS) deepwater reservoirs 50 isopach 218 Rub Al Khali Basin 695 diapiric 902, 903, 911 Joanne Sandstone Member 226, 406 burial history 696 gas plays 1046 erosion 241 Palaeozoic petroleum system 695 Gulf of Mexico 907, 908 rich gas condensate 228 petroleum system 695 plays 1045–1049 Judy Member 407 petroleum systems 696 sheets 903 Judy Sandstone Member 240 structural elements 693 withdrawal minibasins 24 depositional environment 406 tectonic elements 693 withdrawal role 50 Kimmeridge Fulmar 205 tectonic events 696 salt diapirs 78, 83, 86, 87,92 Kimmeridge Fulmar sandstones 205 Rudeis Formation 772, 774 chimneys 82 Late Jurassic age 127–142 exploring subtle exploration plays fluid leakage 90 Leman Sandstone 325, 327 777–778 leakage zones 85–86 correlation panel 329 Lower 777 structure 79 depth map 326 South October Concession 778 Saltire Formation 394 hydraulic fracture-stimulated syn-rift 775, 777 Saltire Shale 397 intervals 333 Rush, Julian 16 salt plumes illite cementation 328 GeoControversies debates summary intrusive 899–904 reservoir 327 15–17 salt tectonics 899 Lower Balmoral 431 Russia. See also specific location emerging concepts 899–911, 900 Lower Cretaceous age 958 CSP 611–614 Allochthonous fragments 909–911 Navajo Formation Sandstone 1193 FSU and Circum-Arctic final frontier canopy-margin thrust systems reservoir 440 589–590 904–905 reservoir prediction 221 topography 646 intrusive salt plumes 899–904 Rockall Basin 946 Russian Arctic shelves (RAS) geology minibasin triggers 905–909 margin 937–951 591–615 state of knowledge 911 palaeodrainage 944–946 consolidated basement main characteristics Gulf of Mexico 902 Sgiath Sandstone 369 593–598 Salvador–N’Komi transfer zones 877 Sherwood Sandstone 938, 1090 eastern sector 596–598 sand fluidization shoreface 174 western sector 593–596 laboratory experiment demonstrating Lola Formation 135 crustal tectonic 594 implications 1186 porosity–permeability relationship free-air gravity field 595 SandGEM 6–7 141 HC resources 603 sandstones 240, 778, 778 Upper Jurassic barrier island system of heterogeneous folded tectonic aeolian 826 Freja discovery 150 basement 598 Albo-Aptian Kopervik 53 Skagerrak Formation 39, 406, 409 sedimentary basins 598–614 Balmoral 441 Strunian–Tournaisian 731 CSP Russian sector 611–614 barrier island 146 turbidites 196 east Barents Province 598–603 basin-centred, distal lowstand 732 Upper Jurassic ESSP 609–611 Bossier 1112 barrier island 145–154 Laptev Sea Province 605–609 Buzzard Sandstone Member 370 reservoir 127–142 North Kara Province 605 Carboniferous 641, 996 Upper Rudeis 777 INDEX 1233

San Juan Basin (SJB) 1191–1192 Khuff Formation 692 geological description 387–390 San Paulo Plateau (SPP) 855 Rub Al Khali Basin 693–696 infill campaign (2005–2007) bedded evaporite deposition age 857 striated glacial surface 695 391–402 drilling 856 Unayzah complex 692 production overview 391 subsidence analysis 860 Saxo-1 well seismic database 390 Tupi oil discovery 859 sedimentological core log 140 seismic interpretation 390–391 San Rafael Swell 24 Volgian sandstone intervals 139 updip attic targets 391–393 Santerno Formation 123 Scandes MDT logs 393 Santonian Thud Formation Cenozoic uplift 916 North Sea 387 sediments 482 Scandinavia 986 OBC data with 1999 PSDM data 390 Santos Basin 824, 826 basement area PBU derivative J16 400 air gravity data 856 palaeogeography 984 Piper depletion J16 400 bathymetry 856 Cenozoic development 982 post-drill correlation J32 401 beta factor maps 860 eastern North Sea Basin 1001 production 402 Bouguer gravity anomaly map 856 erosion basement 986 production history 403 conceptual breakup models 863 gravity surveys compilation 566 recent drilling 387 continental lithosphere thinning and crustal hemipelagic, deep-marine deposits of reservoirs 387 thickness 859 Eocene age 984 sands 398 crustal cross-section 862 landscape 981 simulation modelling 402 crustal thickness map 861 Neogene uplift 1000 Skene 391 gravity inversion 859, 860, 862 onshore–offshore geological map 886 structuration 389 incipient breakup 861 Permian volcanic rocks magnetic properties structure map 388 margin breakup 857 572 target rifted margin 861 post-breakup uplift phases 986 J31 399 rifting 855 regional exhumation 1000 J32Z 397 seismic cross-sections 858 tectonic pulses 982 J35 392, 393 South Atlantic Ocean breakup 855–865 uplift phase tectonostratigraphic development 390 regional geology 855–857 progradation 984, 985 wells regional structure 858–859 volcanic rocks magnetic J4 393 stratigraphy 857 properties 572 J30Z 402 subsidence analysis 859 Scandinavian Alum Shale 1080 J32Z 396 subsidence association 865 scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis J34 396 subsidence modelling 860 330 zonation 389 Sao Francisco craton 870, 876 Schiehallion Field 248 Scott Formation 397 Sao Paulo Plateau 824 amplitude shutoff 250 Scott Sands beta factor maps 860 Schlumberger Full-bore Micro-Imager log Lower 393, 394 breakup of South Atlantic Ocean data (FMI) Scott–Telford field complex 32 855–859 Ensign Field 332 Scremerston Coal Group 59, 69 conceptual breakup models 863 Sciacca Formation sealed wells 1162 continental lithosphere thinning 859 porosity origin 118 sea water injection 351 crustal cross-section 862 Scoresby Sund area 998 sedimentology 27, 827 crustal thickness 859 erosional unloading 999 architecture 406 gravity inversion 859, 860, 862 Scotland 387 production behaviour with depth 416 rifting 855 biogenic gas 1080 production performance 405 seismic cross-sections 858 Orcadian Basin 1090 basins 591, 1079–1080 South Atlantic Ocean breakup 859–860, Scott, Robert 589, 590 Angola 1044, 1044 860–862 Scott Field fill patterns 2 subsidence analysis from 2D backstripping asset 403 Gulf of Mexico 907 859 asset matures 387 Rockall Basin margin 937–951 Sao Paulo Ridge continuous drilling programme 391 Shiranish Formation 811–818 location 868 depositional perspective 393 segment-style analysis sapropelic kerogen drilled infill wells 403 Ormen Lange system 920 Farsund Formation 102 drilling campaign 391, 402, 402 seismic data Sarah Formation dynamic modelling 393 acquisition Late Ordovician age 695 infill drilling targets 387 XCTD probe 557 Ordovician 695, 697 initial development drilling 390 XSP 557 Sarawak injection strategy 391 acquisition parameters 519 offshore 459, 459, 460 integrated analysis 402 CDR 4D surveys 521 Sargelu Formation 802 interpreted open hole results 395, 396 Cimmerian rifting 44 Sarmatian sedimentary rocks J32Z 398 cold-water statics 557 Pannonian Basin 1126 J33 396 crossline profile orientated Sartirana Formation J35 395 NW–SE 1036 Settala gas field 123 IW, SW–NE cross section 399 cross-section of channel features 84 Saudi Arabia. See also specific location location map 388 database 1005–1007 exploring hydrocarbon plays mature field revitalization 387–403 exhumation estimates 1010–1012 691–697 bypassed sweep targets 393–400 facies analysis 805–806 challenges 695–697 downdip injector 402 facies types 1035 stratigraphy 692–695 drilling campaign impact on field imaging of variable layer sound speed hydrocarbons development 695 production 402–403 549–557 1234 INDEX seismic data (Continued) Semberah Field 458, 459 SGS. See sequential Gaussian interpretation 1009 geological model 458, 459 simulation (SGS) Carboniferous petroleum system 59–63 Senja Shaftsbury Formation 1115 sub-Zechstein seismo-stratigraphic NRM 565 shale 377 relationships Sentusidinium 149 Arnsbergian Sabden Shale 1088–1089 Auk–Argyll–Flora area 60–61 sequence Austria 1081 Jaeren High area 62 J44 Avon 206 Mid North Sea High area 61 Callovian age 186–192 Bakken 1066 West Central Shelf 62–63 J46 Besano Shales 118, 124 new methods of improving 1005–1012 depositional environments 187 Big Sandy shale gas field 1087 inversion 538 Early Oxfordian age 186 bioturbated shale-prone interval 425 monitoring 1171 Late Callovian age 186 black 676, 762, 1081, 1091, 1095, new methods for improving 1005–1012 well correlation 188 1096–1097 Norwegian Continental Shelf basement J52 203 Chimney Rock Shale 1190 map 888 Fulmar Sandstone deposits 193 Clare Shale 23 passive margin evolution case histories Middle Oxfordian age 186–187, 189 Craven Group 1093 from Ireland 1005–1012 J54 194 Cretaceous Lewis Shale 1091 profile depositional environments 191 Czech Republic 1081 Auk–Flora Ridge 61, 62, 63 Fulmar Sandstone deposits 193 DDB 1081 Central Graben 80, 81 Late Oxfordian age 187–190, 190 deepwater marine shales 1126 Jaeren High 64 depositional environments 190 Devonian ‘hot’ shale 756 Norwegian continental shelf 887 regressive shoreface Ekofisk Formation 465 West Central Shelf 65, 66 sandstones 187 El Gassi Shale 684 project-specific four dimensional 1141 turbidite sandstones 188 Emgyet Shale 686 project-specific three dimensional 1141 well correlation 188, 197 Europe 1083 reflection imaging J56 194, 203 Farsund Formation 98 hydrocarbon exploration 549 depositional environments 191 Frasnian ‘hot’ shale 754 oceanic variability 550–557 turbidite deposition 191 gas 1080–1083 longer term 557 well correlations 193 gas-bearing chalk 465 short-term 555–556 J62 GDE map 748 spatial variation 553–555 depositional environments 195 geometry 722 temporal variation 555–557 Kimmeridgian 192 Gething Formation 264 oceanography implications 557 well correlation 197, 198 Ghadames-Illizi Basin 756 sound speed variation 549 J63 Gothic Shale 1190 surveying implications 557 late Kimmeridgian age 192 Holywell Shale 1095 water layer variability 549–557 well correlation 197 Intra-B4 shale 376, 377 regional two dimensional 1141, 1147 J64 Lewis Shale 1091 repeat four dimensional 1168 Early Volgian age 199 Lias 1095, 1096 repeat three dimensional 1168 shoreface 196 Long Eaton Formation 1093 reprocessing 1007–1009 turbidite sandstones 196 Lower Bowland 1095 sequence stratigraphy 52 J66 Lower Limestone Shale 1092–1093 stratigraphy 39, 51 Early Volgian age 195, 199 Middle Miocene 1062 survey 519, 557 Middle Volgian age 199 Miocene 1062 type outcrop exposures 1145 turbidite sandstones 196 Mississippian 1090 velocity data 1010–1012 J71 New Albany Shale 1133, 1135, 1134, 1138 well log expressions 47 Middle Volgian age 199 Nikanssin Formation 1110 seismic fault distortion zone (SFDZ) 509 J72 North America 1061 expressions 512 Middle Volgian age 199 Ordovician 1091 fault network 510 J73 199 Poland 1080 geobody 511 J76 199 Posidonia shale 263–264 juxtaposition across damage zones 510 K10 Scandinavian Alum Shale 1080 juxtaposition analysis 513 Late Ryazanian age 199–200 Silurian age 715, 1091 juxtaposition-based sealing 515 stratigraphy 51 Slovak Republic 1081 juxtaposition difference 511, 514 application 45 stratigraphic groups 1089–1090, 1090 mapped 512 correlation of wells 183, 184 thickness 1087 reflectivity volumetric fault attributes 512 framework 168 Tofte Formation 426 skin geometries 511 model 47, 182–185 Ukraine 1081 thickness 510 schemes 179 Widmerpool Formation 1093 volume render of single fault 514 studies 180–182 Worston Shale Group 1093 seismic technology 337–340 sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) 296 shale gas 1062 Selandian Va˚le Formation 487 sequential indicator simulation (SIS) case studies 1080–1083 Sele formation 518 Joanne model 410 Cambro-Ordovician black shales 1080 Sele/Hermod shelf sequestration 1165 Carboniferous black shales 1080–1081, seismic expressions 47 Serpukhovian–Bashkirian incised 1081 Selkirk Field valleys 733 Lower Jurassic black shales 1081 discovery 49 Settala gas field 122, 123, 123 Neogene shale (basin centred) gas turbidites 202 SFDZ. See seismic fault distortion 1081–1083 SEM. See scanning electron microscope zone (SFDZ) Silurian black shales 1080 (SEM) analysis Sgiath Sandstone 369 Upper Jurassic shale gas 1081 INDEX 1235

Europe 1079–1083 total nitrogen content 816 Sicilian-Maghrebian chain biogenic methane 1083 vitrinite reflectance 817 Gela oil field 120 current research activities 1079–1083 Shiranish model geological sections 117 outlook 1083 fault displacement 806 hydrocarbon occurrences 117 research activities 1083 shoreface 164 Sicily 741 Newark East 1087 deposits 166 sigmoid aggradational facies 1035 North America 1062 facies association B 162–166 sigmoidal clinoform package 83 play 1133 Hugin Formation sedimentology 162–166 Sigrun-Gudrun area reservoirs 1131 description 162–164 axis-perpendicular sub-regional correlation annual natural gas production 1079 interpretation 164–166 168–173 map 1132 sequence stratigraphy 166 flooding 173 UK 1062, 1087 wireline-log character 166 shallow-marine sedimentation 173 United States 1079–1180 sandstones 174 well-log correlation panel 170 Western Canada Basin 1079 Freja discovery 150 Sigsbee Escarpment 904 Western Europe 1079, 1083 Lola Formation 135 minibasins 908 shale oil porosity–permeability relationship 141 thrusting 905 play 1065 sequences J64 196 siliciclastic rocks unconventional oil and gas resources wireline-log cross-plot 165 depth v. average density 906 1061–1062 Shoreface Facies Association 163 siltstones shallow marine Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Farsund Formation 141 exhibit 157 20 Silurian age 711 Fangst Group 419 Siberian Arch agrillaceous depth velocity plots 751 Fulmar Sandstone 177 crustal tectonic 594 Ahara uplift 713 Fulmar sandstone or turbidite sandstones Siberian Arctic Shelf basal 712 178 petroleum play elements chart 608 Berkine Basin 714 Hugin deposition 168 sedimentary basin 606 black shales 762, 1080 Sigrun–Gudrun area 173 tectonostratigraphy 608 chronostratigraphic diagram 747 Shannon Basin Siberian Basin 667 dark-grey agrillaceous complex 1080 Carboniferous age 23 basin sensitivity parameters Early 690, 743–745, 744 petroleum geoscientists virtual fieldtrips 661, 664 flooding 712, 716 23–24 charging gas fields 659–667 Ghadames Basin 711 shear rifting 824 analyses 662–663 hot shale Ghadames–Illizi Basin 756 Shearwater area geology 660–662 hydrocarbon prospectivity 686–688 shoreface environments 191 results 663–667 Late 265 shelf margin wedge 45 stratigraphy 661–662 Middle Akakus Shale 748 Sherwood Sandstone 938, 1090 structure 660–661 Middle East 687 Shetland. See Clair field isotopic composition of methane 665 North Africa 686–688, 687 Shetland area 1031 Siberian–Chukchi Fold Belt 597 sediments Azzel Matti Ridge 717 structural elements 246 Siberian Craton 604 shale 715, 1091 Shetland Basin consists 621 succession 686 location map 922 field densities 623–624 Tanezzuft Formation 765 Shetland Isles 245, 953 geological provinces 622 Tannezuft Formation 687 Shiranish Formation 802 geological provinces assessment Tihemboka 715 activation energy 817 results 630 well A1-NC198 767 description 803 location 621 Sindh region Euphrates Graben 811–818 north of Arctic Circle 621–631 Pakistan 676 bulk petroleum generation kinetics petroleum resources 621–631, 624 Single Well Oil Production System (SWOPS) 817–818 assessment results 631 432 hydrocarbon source rock potential assessment units 622 Sirte Basin 813–815 geological analogues for assessment exploring hydrocarbon plays 697–698 mineralogy 816–817 622–631 SIS. See sequential indicator simulation (SIS) organic facies 815–816 Khatanga Saddle assessment unit six-tile WATS 1021 regional geology 811–813 624–627 SJB. See San Juan Basin (SJB) results 813 Lena-Anabar Basin assessment SJU600 SB samples 813 unit 627 tectonic reconfiguration event 196 trace element palaeoredox proxies 817 Northern Priverkhoyansk Foredeep Skagerrak Field fault movement 805 assessment unit 627–629 exploration 216 high clay mineral content 816 Yenisey–Khatanga Basin assessment Skagerrak Formation 214, 226, 234, 236, kaolinite 816 unit 629–631 240, 405 lithology 814 geological provinces 621 basement depth map 891–892 mineralogical composition 817 petroleum occurrence geological models channel and overbank processes 408 open pyrolysis gas chromatograms 815 621–622 degrade with depth 405 organic geochemical characterization 814 resource quantities 622 depositional facies 409 petroleum formation 818 Siberian Sea 591, 598 gas condensate 228 petroleum geology 811 free-air gravity field 595 geology 405–407 sedimentology 811–818 Siberian Sea Basin 609, 611 HPHT 405 seismic analysis 807 Siberian Sea Province 609–611 hydrocarbon fields 225 tectonic map 812 Siberian Sea Shelf 610 Judy Member well 410 TOC 816 Siberian shelves 596 locations producing 406 1236 INDEX

Skagerrak Formation (Continued) Slyne Basin 938, 1009–1010 reservoir geomechanical model 524 NTG 410 Cenozoic exhumation history 1005 rock physics model 527 pods as basin infilled 406 Dooish K-feldspars 950 change in gas saturation 528 porosity with depth 409–410 exhumation 1009, 1010 change in porosity 528 predicting production behaviour exhumation estimates from seismic change in water saturation 528 409–410 velocities 1011 surveys 526 production performance 407, 416 exhumation values 1012 three-dimensional view 525, 530 proximal to distal trends 408 location map 922, 1006 time-lapse AVO inversion 527 quad 30 area 406 seismic data 1005 time-lapse rock physics inversion 529 reservoirs 226, 407 smart mobile devices 25 time-lapse shift 526 Heron cluster 242 Smith, John 31 top-reservoir structure 524 sandstones 39, 409 Smith Bank Formation 38 South Atlantic Ocean sequences 406 Smith Bank Shale 39 bathymetry contours 868 sedimentation 240 Smithwick Formation breakup 855–865 stratigraphic column 407 tall calcite-sealed fractures 1133 continental lithosphere thinning stratigraphy changes 416 Society of Petroleum Engineers 859–860 structural tilt 416 (SPE) 13 crustal thickness determination succession 226 Søgne Basin 138 859–860 VClay log 411 Sognefjord failed breakup model 860 Skagerrak Platform 891 satellite image 916 history 855, 860–862 Skallingen peninsula Solan Bank High petroleum systems 862–865 washover fan 151 classical rifting 923 rifted margin formation 865 SKB. See South Kara Basin (SKB) geoseismic profile 924 subsidence analysis 859 Skjold Flank-1 well 547 location map 922 thinned continental crust i 855–865 Skolithos ichnofacies 139, 164 Solarcentury 11 conceptual breakup models 863 Skrubbe Fault 487 Sole Pit area Santos Basin 855–859 Skua Field map showing location 326 regional geology 855–857 high production performance 405 Sole Pit Basin 325 regional structure 858–859 Sleipner carbon dioxide plume 1171–1182 source-to-sink systems Sao Paulo Plateau 855–859 cumulative total reflection drainage basin–shelf–slope basin floor sedimentary basins evolution 878 strength 1184 profile 914 South Bro´na Basin feeder chimney 1179 elements 914 geoseismic profile 925 flow simulation of synthetic surface 1180 exploration value 919 South Chukchi Basin 613 flow simulations 1181 Gulf of Mexico 914 HC play elements 614 schematic cross-section 1175 Norwegian continental shelf 916–919 internal structure 613 seismic images 1172 NSF 913 Southern North Sea seismic line through 1179 passive margins 913–914, 913–920 Chiswick Field 315–323 time-lapse monitoring 1173 ancient systems analysis 915 Southern Panels 369 time-lapse seismic data 1171–1182 linked segment-style approach 915–916 Buzzard Field 384 topmost carbon dioxide layer methods 914–916 high-density turbidites 372 analysis 1173–1175, 1178 modelling 915 Lower B4 unit 380 buoyancy effects 1178–1179 Norwegian continental margin 913–920 Southern Permian Basin 325 growth 1177 Norwegian continental shelf Southern Scandinavia post-breakup uplift observed volume 1176 916–919 phases 986 permeability effects 1177–1178 drainage system characteristics 919 South Kara Basin (SKB) 604, properties 1175 fan volume v. onshore source area size 646, 654 spreading 3D flow simulation 916 HC systems 604 1177–1181 significance 913–914 MCS data 604 thickness derived from structural uncertainties 919 petroleum potential 604 analysis 1176 segments 915 plate-tectonic setting and depositional thicknesses from seismic amplitudes South Africa environments 603 1173–1174 Karoo Group 52 structural mechanisms proposed 604 thicknesses from structural analysis South Anyui South Kara Province 1174–1175 ophiolitic suture 597 petroleum geology 604 topographic effects 1179–1181 suture 607 RAS sedimentary basins 603–605 topseal properties 1181 South Arne Field 487 South Kara Sea 660 TOUGH2 axisymmetrical flow model 1176 acoustic impedances 526, 527, 527 South Korea whole plume flux 2D flow simulation base survey 526 Drilling Expedition UBGH1, 1154 1175–1177 changes in water saturation 531 South October Concession Sleipner Delta compaction 523 exploring subtle exploration plays in Gulf shallow-marine 174 depositional environment 527 of Suez 777–778 Sleipner Field fluid flow 534 Rudeis Formation 778 carbon dioxide injection 1063 Kirchhoff time migration 526 South Taimyr Fold Belt injection operation 1172 monitor survey 526 crustal tectonic 594 Sleipner Formation 168 petroleum geology South Viking Graben Sleipner West Field 158, 1183 applied time-lapse seismic methods Hugin Formation 157–175 slope by-pass systems 823 523–524 sedimentology and sequence Slovak Republic Poisson’s ratio 527, 528 stratigraphy 173 shale 1081 reservoir compaction 524, 526 well-log correlation panel 169 INDEX 1237

Southwest Carbon Partnership stratigraphic framework sub-basalt imaging (SWP) 1189 Ghadames–Illizi Basin 737 Faroe–Shetland Channel 1034 carbon dioxide sequestration Huntington discoveries 215 Møre Basin 1025 capacities 1194 stratigraphic pinchout subsalt terrestrial Riparian Restoration Emsian flooding surface 716 Block 31, 1015 Project 1192–1193 Illizi Basin 716 imaging challenges 1013–1015 South Ymir Ridge Anticline 970 Silurian flooding 716 Mad Dog Field 1015 seismic profile 970 stratigraphic trap 262 subsidence Soviet Union clastic basin fill 269 calculating 831 Former 13 defined 261 modelling programmes 839 SPE. See Society of Petroleum Grouw 272 sub-Zechstein Engineers (SPE) Lower Cretaceous Rauwerd 272 composite layer 72 Spirit River Formation Netherlands 266, 273 seismo-stratigraphic relationship 60–61 basin-centred gas in Western Canada North Africa 725–733 well sections 57–59 1106–1110 types 731–733, 733 Suez Rift 771 Cadotte Member 1108–1110 Carbonate buildups (Waulsortian reefs) Suilven Falher Member 1106–1108 733 CSEM 257 Notikewin Member 1108 depositional pinchout 731–733 gas discovery 252 Lower Cretaceous age 1101 incised valley-fills 732 oil discovery 252 SPP. See San Paulo Plateau (SPP) North Africa 731 Sukkertoppen Iskappe 981 SRME. See surface related multiple Serpukhovian–Bashkirian incised idealized profile 993 elimination (SRME) valleys 733 landscape development 992, 993 SROCK 557 Strunian to Tournaisian incised uplift history 995 SRTM. See Shuttle Radar Topography valleys 733 Suprasalt Miocene strata Mission (SRTM) Vise´an incised valleys 733 Green Canyon area 909 STAR stratigraphy surface related multiple elimination (SRME) application 517, 519 Buzzard Field 372 236, 1007 methodology 520 charging gas fields 661–662 three dimensional Red Sea basin 786 steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) Chiswick Field 316–317 visualization quality control 1007 1141, 1143, 1145, 1147 Chukchi basins 613 suspension-transport by contour steam chambers 1148 Egyptian North Red Sea basin 783 currents 90 steam chambers 1147 Euphrates Graben 813 Svalbard logging data 1148 Faroe–Shetland Paleocene 281 AFTA data 640 SAGD 1148 gas-prone petroleum systems 1045 Svane-1 well 138 Stellar Laggan sands 281 formation pressures 136 default kinetic parameters Netherlands 262 gravity-flow sandstones 138 kerogen transformation 663 Nile Delta 700 HTHP environment 138 three dimensional basin modelling software play 698–700 Svecokarelian greenstone belts 569 662, 667 Northern Judd Basin 245–246 Sverdrup Basin 643 three dimensional basin models 663 North Sea Rift 39 Swab–Tanf Formation 813 stem flooding photomosaic data 24 Sweden 563 four dimensional monitoring 1145 Red Sea 785 exhumation 983 Stendal, Henrik 590 Santos Basin 857 SWOPS. See Single Well Oil Production sterane maturity parameters 103 Saudi Arabia 692–695 System (SWOPS) Storelv formation 565 Skagerrak Formation 416 SWP. See Southwest Carbon STRATAFORM project 914 Taoudenni Basin 676–677 Partnership (SWP) stratigraphic architecture Taq Taq 802 synchronous exhumation 633–643 Ahara High 712–713, 713 thicknesses control 504 Alaska North Slope 633–643 Berkine Basin 713 Vaila Formation 281 Barents Sea 633–643 Djebel Tamamat 716–717 West of Shetlands Area 281 exhumation histories from North Slope Gargaff Arch 710–711 Streppenosa Formation 118 Alaska 637–640 Illizi Basin 712–713 foreland 124 exhumation histories in Barents Sea Jasmine discovery 226–227 hydrocarbon occurrences 124 634–637 North Africa 718 stress-fields implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity North African plays 710–718 tectonic 90 643 Algeria 712–716 strike-slip faulting 41 regional extent 643 Bled el Mass area 716–718 stromatolitic carbonates regional synchroneity 642–643 Libya 710–712 Abolag-1, 680 thermal history reconstruction 634 North Sea Eldfisk Field, Taoudenni Basin 680 syn-rift 823. See also Faroe–Shetland Basin, Norway 473 structural architecture syn-rift play Palaeozoic succession 718 Almada Basin 867–880 Angola 1046 Taq Taq field 805 Camamu Basin 867–880 early 961 Tihemboka High 715 North Sea hydrocarbon late 958, 961 stratigraphic column 263 systems 41 Lower Cretaceous age 962 Chiswick Field 318 structural diagenesis 1133 plays 961–962 CNS Triassic 407 Strunian Sands 738 poorly dated 824 Gulf of Suez 773 Strunian–Tournaisian Rudeis 775 Judd Basin 247 incised valleys 733 sedimentary fill 96 Skagerrak Formation 407 sandstones 731 stratigraphy 777 1238 INDEX syn-rift 1 megasequence 738 target oil volumes geological 294–296 syn-rift 2 megasequence 739–742 locating remaining oil in Nelson Field geological software 1149 Syria. See also specific location 365–366 inversion Euphrates Graben 811–818 slow oil 365 free air gravity computation 65 tectonic map 812 Target Remaining Oil 350 layer density values input 66 Szolnok Formation 1126, 1128 Tasmanites morphology 98 stages 63 Tassili N’Ager outcrops isostatic behaviour 824 Tabe Formation Palaeocurrents 745 petroleum systems 686, 689 generalized present day level of Tayarat Limestone 813 showing granite morphologies 68 maturity 1049 Tay formation fan system visualization environment 1035 Tadrart fields 754 Eocene age 46 three dimensional seismic data Tadrart Formation TD. See total depth (TD) Captain Field 343 Lower Devonian age TDS. See total dissolved solids (TDS) Clair field 303 GDE map 748 Teal embayment 191 hydrocarbon systems 51 MPath modelling 758 Telford fields 387 and sequence stratigraphy of North Sea 53 outcrop photo 711 Temis three dimensional model 754 three dimensional seismic mapping Tafilalt Basin 731, 732 Caledonian erosion 757 North Sea 52 Tail End Graben 129 Tempa Rossa oil fields and porosity variation of intra-chalk gravity-flow sandstones 138 Val d’Agri oil field 121 units 537–548 Taimyr Fold Belt temperature logs 1147 Three Forks Formation 1066 crustal tectonic 594 Tern horst 44 thrust-and-fold belts Tannezuft Formation evolution 43 Cenozoic 113 Silurian age 765 Late Jurassic extension multiple phases Italy hydrocarbon occurrences 113–125 Middle East 687 interplay 42 thrust faults offset North Africa 687 terrestrial laser scanning 25 Walker Ridge area 907 Tanopcha Formation 659, 662, 667 workflow 24 thrusting 904 coal-bearing muddy sediments 598 Terroir, Didier 589 Gulf of Mexico 904 gas yield 663, 664, 665 Tertzakian, Peter 14 propagation folds 122 temperature map 666 Tethyan rim of Arabia 828 Sigsbee Escarpment 905 thermal yields 663 Tethys Ocean 420, 1126 types 903 Tanzuft ‘hot’ shale 754 Texas Thud Field Tanzuft source rocks Bossier sandstones 1112 tectonic and eustatic events 489 kitchen maps 757 cores and outcrops 1135 Thud Formation 473, 478, 481–482 Taoudenni Basin 676, 681, 682, 688 Fort Worth Basin 1087, 1088, 1131 age 481 Abolag-1 well 679 SACROC EOR Field, Texas 1190 biofacies 482 burial histories 680 history-match analysis 1191 correlation 482 depositional model for stromatolitic regional location map 1191 lithology/petrophysics 481–482 carbonates 680 sequestration test 1190–1191 tectonostratigraphy 482 exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon Thebes Formation 773 TIB. See Transscandinavian Igneous plays 676–681 thermal history algorithms 826 Belt (TIB) geological cross-section 678 thermal mining in situ tidal inlet sands Neoproterozoic geology 677 techniques 1141 Rømø barrier island 152 Neoproterozoic petroleum system thermogenic gas shales tight gas sandstones 1099, 1120 676–681 microfractures 1133 tight oil Neoproterozoic succession 679 thermogenic petroleum systems unconventional oil and gas resources petroleum system 679 Angola future gas exploration 1045–1052 1061–1062 Precambrian stratigraphy 678 Post-Aptian salt plays 1049–1052 tight reservoirs regional tectonic events 680 Pre-Aptian salt plays 1045–1049 North America 1061 tectonic events and hydrocarbon Thousand Barrels a Second Tihemboka area play 678 (Tertzakian) 14 chronostratigraphic chart 720 Taq Taq field 801–809 three channel pathways geological map 715 appraisal and development 801–809 Central North Sea basin 88 Siluro-Devonian stratigraphic architecture current plans 809 three-component geophones 715 fluids 808–809 S-waves 833 Tihemboka High 715–716 pore system 806–807 three dimensional horizon maps interpretation 715–716 reservoirs 802 MMU 79 stratigraphic architecture 715 seismic facies analysis 805–806 three dimensional maps Tilje Formation 425 Shiranish Formation 802 West Greenland 991 Timan–Pechora Basin structure 802–805 three dimensional modelling Palaeozoic oil-prone source rocks 602 appraisal and development of 801–809 basin project 660 time-lapse seismic data 532 lithofacies prediction 806 compilation 844 acquisition, processing and location map 801 crystalline basement surface 70 inversion 525 log, core, mud gas and image interpretation finite-difference AVO inversions 526–527 808 area 1019 South Arne 527 matrix-fracture interaction under generation 1019 volumetric strain 533 water 807 NATS v. WATS 1020 time-lapse time shift seismic dip line 805 WATS oil field subsalt offshore Angola Ekofisk 532 stratigraphy 802, 805 image 1016–1017 South Arne 526 structural interpretation 805 forward and inverse 63–64 Valhall 532 INDEX 1239 time-lapse time shift observations depth trends 468 Triassic age 663 applied time-lapse seismic methods effective stress 532 Argana Basin 930 528–533 lithology/petrophysics 484 basins location map 922 Timor mercury capillary pressure 467 basins of Morocco 928 petroleum systems 828 penecontemporaneous allochthonous Berkine Basin 689 Tindouf Basin 738 sediments 476 Bunter fields 262, 270 TOC. See total organic carbon (TOC) porosity, water saturation and PWFT 469 Bunter Shale 38 Tofte Formation 421, 425–426 reservoir 525 Central High Atlas Basin 930 depositional synthesis 425 tectonostratigraphy 484 CNS 407 description 425 Tormore Early 949 facies elements 426 AVO 283, 296 Fundy Basin 930 marine shales 426 chlorite 296 Late 118–119, 265 pressure profiles 422 gas condensate discoveries 279 Main Buntsandstein Formation 267 rapid pressure decline explanation 426 Laggan mature understanding 296 Morocco palaeogeographic map 927 tomographic inversions location map 280 Netherlands petroleum exploration with wide-angle arrival times 835 Paleocene gas condensate discoveries stratigraphic plays 267–268 Top Buzzard 373 279 outcrops 931 Top Chalk Group structural map 283, 296 palaeogeographic reconstruction 929 time-structure map 538 Tornquist Fan plate-tectonic setting and depositional Top Chalk horizon Bouguer gravity profiles 574 environments 603 depth maps 1009 total depth (TD) pods 201, 410 top crystalline basement depths Faroe Islands 1033 pre-rift succession 957 3D inversion of free air gravity total dissolved solids (TDS) 1190 red beds 926 computation 65 total magnetic field anomaly reservoirs 38–39, 405–417 Top Eocene Norwegian continental shelf 887 salt ridges 78 depth maps 1009 total organic carbon (TOC) 811 sand dispersal on NW European margin Top Hermod surface 48 Bakken Formation 1073 927–928 Top Joanne Bakken member 1070 sedimentary architecture 405–417 reservoir zonation scheme 240–241 Bakken shales 1066 Skagerrak Formation 214, 214, 405 Top Julius Mudstone Carboniferous 1092 strata 41, 191 reservoir zonation scheme 241–242 England 1092 stratigraphy 40, 228 Top Jurassic depth map Namurian 1091 succession 118, 932 West Siberia Basin 660 Northeast England 1092 traps 262 Top Lower Joanne Pannonian Basin 1126 Trinity three dimensional basin reservoir zonation scheme 241 upper Bakken member 1070 model 754 Top Middle Joanne TOUGH2 model 1178 Troll delta 45 reservoir zonation scheme 241 flow simulation 1177 Trøndelag Platform 890, 925 Top Palaeogene Chalk intra-reservoir mudstones 1177 amplitude magnetic anomalies 574 limestone porosity 465–466 Tournaisian age offshore top basement map 894 natural gamma ray log 465–466 Early 729 onshore tectonostratigraphic map 894 Top Reservoir Late 729 true vertical depth subsea (TVDSS) 355 Base Cretaceous and Base Chalk horizon Middle 729 Tunguska Basin 621 499–501 Tournaisian Alum Shale 1080 Tunisia reservoirs 753 dry holes and discoveries analysis 503 T38 prospectivity Tupi oil discovery hydrocarbon discoveries v. aquifer seal Lamba formation 249–258 SPP 859 capacity histogram 502 Northern Judd Basin sequence 249–259 turbidites 282 South Arne structure 524 CSEM survey 254–258 amalgamated 279 top seal 1183–1184, 1187 hydrocarbon sourcing 251–253 Andrew Formation 431 seismic signatures 1187 reservoir 249–251 biostratigraphy 381 trapping below 1187 rock physics analysis 253–254 channel complexes 351 Top Shiranish seal 253 chemostratigraphy integration 381 depth map 804 seismic anomaly 252 deposition Top Triassic Unconformity 227 seismic model 254 Puffin Terrace 195 Top Zeit rugosity trap 251 Puffin Terrace and Fulmar–Clyde PSDM velocity models 787 reducing uncertainty level 249–258 Terrace 195 Tor Field traditional fieldtrip training tool sequence J56 191 hydrodynamic sorting pattern 479 petroleum geoscientists virtual high-density 372 porosity and bulk volume water 477 fieldtrips 20 Humber Group 189 tectonic and eustatic events 489 Traill Island KCF 192, 369 Tor Formation 473, 476–477, 478, AFTA data 641 mud and silt 282 481, 523, 539. See also Lower Tor Traill–Vøring igneous complex 580–581 ponded 282, 288 Formation Trans-Saharan Seaway 742–743 reservoirs 356 age 484 Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB) 569 sand deposition phases 369 air–mercury capillary pressure 469 traps sands pressures 503 biofacies 484 scale salt-related geometries implications sandstones sequences J64 196 Chalk 464 43–44 Selkirk 202 Chalk well micrographs 467 stratigraphy role 262 slope 826 core data 468 style 350 TVDSS. See true vertical depth subsea Cretaceous age 225 Trecate oil field 119 (TVDSS) 1240 INDEX two dimensional modelling coal gasification 1063 wells 505 gravity 868, 870 gas hydrates 1062–1063 direct pressures in Chalk 498 margin evolution 824 geological storage of carbon dioxide fluid pressures 497 perspective 1036 1061–1063 pressure-depth plot 496 seismic data 57 shale gas 1062 United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) two dimensional seismic inversion shale oil 1061–1062 15, 225–242 intra-chalk unit porosity variation 541–543 tight oil 1061–1062 exploration 213 well log correlation 537 ultra-heavy oil 1062 Faroe–Shetland Basin location map 280 two dimensional seismic mapping underground coal gasification (UCG) United States. See also specific location North Sea 52 1063, 1155 NSF source-to-sink studies 913 two way travel time (TWT) structure CCS 1155–1163 regional carbon sequestration partnerships Horizon 4, 86 economic case 1160 programme 1189–1195 Horizon 6, 87 ERA 1160–1162 shale gas 1079–1180 MMU 79 history 1155–1156 Williston Basin 1066 TWT. See two way travel time (TWT) implementation technical untapped hydrocarbon accumulations 455 structure challenges 1160 updip water 1099–1100, 1109–1110, 1122 Tyra Field 463–464, 465–466 Northeast England case study 1162 uplift and erosion bulk density and water saturation 466 process 1156–1157 North Atlantic passive margins 981 calculated water saturation 465 prospects for carbon dioxide storage shelves of Greenland 1000 capillary pressure 471 1158–1159 subsidence 982 capillary pressure curve 469 stages 1157 tectonic 92 Chalk oil–water contact tiling 463–471 UK feasibility 1156 uplift and exhumation 979–1001 log- and core data analysis 464–471 Underground Coal Gasification Partnership case A tectonic control 982–986 results 471 (UCGP) 1156 case B early Neogene exhumation 987–990 conceptual cross section 463 uneconomic oil volumes case C West Greenland 990–992 conceptual water saturation 464 locating remaining oil in Nelson Field case D Oligocene hiatus 992–994 depth structure map 464 362–364 case E Ordovician source rocks 994–995 GOC 464 heterogeneous reservoir intervals 363 case F post-rift burial 995–999 hydrodynamic action 471 minor attic oil volumes 363 elevated rift margins 999–1000 lithostratigraphic and fluid contacts in wells thin beds 362–363 estimating timing and magnitude 981–982 468 United Kingdom 47, 1155–1156, North Atlantic passive margins 979–1001 OWC 465, 471 1159–1160, 1162. See also specific origin of post-rift uplift along passive porosity, water saturation and PWFT 470 location margins 1000 water saturation calculation 471 Central Graben sequence stratigraphy upper Bakken member water-saturation-depth curve 469 reappraisal 177–210 maturity 1070 well logs analysis 468 Central North Sea 213–223, 219 pseudo van Krevelen diagram 1070 Tyumen Formation data and analysis for shale gas prospectivity TOC 1070 Jurassic age 666 1087–1097 Upper Bowland Shale source rocks 661 hydrocarbon self-sufficiency 31 black shale 1095 Lower Palaeozoic black shales 1091 mudstones thickness 1096 UBGH1. See Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Mississippian shale 1090 thickness 1095 Expedition 1 (UBGH1) North Sea 337–347 Upper Captain Sand (USC) 343 UCG. See underground coal gasification Norway Quad 26 area 47 Upper Cretaceous age. See Late (UCG) onshore 69 Cretaceous age UCGP. See Underground Coal Gasification Sele/Hermod shelf 47 Upper Devonian age. See Late Devonian age Partnership (UCGP) sequence stratigraphic models 47 Upper Ekofisk 475, 487–488 UKCS. See United Kingdom Continental shale gas 1062, 1087–1097 age 487 Shelf (UKCS) Barnett Shale 1087 biofacies 488 Ukraine Carboniferous black shales 1091–1096 biostratigraphy 475 shale 1081 gas content and kerogen type 1091 lithology/petrophysics 487 Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition 1 gas fields and discoveries 1092 Upper Ekofisk Formation 488 (UBGH1) 1154 Jurassic black shales 1096–1097 Upper Fars Formation 804 ultra-heavy oil mineralogy 1092 Upper Jurassic age. See Late Jurassic age biodegradation 1062 porosity, permeability and fracture Upper Kimmeridgian 137–138 Canada 1062 porosity 1091–1092 depositional environment 137–138 unconventional oil and gas resources 1062 potential source rocks general palaeogeography 138 Unayzah complex characteristics 1088–1090 paralic and shoreface sandstones 129–136 Saudi Arabia 692 pre-Carboniferous black shales depositional environments 129–133 Unayzah formations 1090–1091 palaeogeography 135–136 Ordovician 697 principal source rocks 1092–1096 reservoir characteristics 133–134 unconformities thermal maturity 1091 reservoir characteristics 138 nature and significance 824 TOC 1091 shallow marine sandstones 136–137 Neogene basin 91 UK’s closest tectonic analogue depositional environment 136–137 traps 262 1087–1088 reservoir characteristics 137 unconventional oil and gas resources shale gas exploration 1087 Upper Leman interval 1061–1063, 1065 shales stratigraphic groups reservoir properties 334 basin-centred and tight gas 1062 1089–1090, 1090 Upper Magne Formation 483–484 carbon dioxide geological Southern North Sea 315–323 age 483 storage 1063 UCG feasibility 1156 biofacies 483 INDEX 1241

correlation 483 amplitude–thickness data v. depth 994 formation 483 relationship 1174 gradients 96 lithology/petrophysics 483 average velocities variation to top measurements 95 tectonostratigraphy 483 1179, 1179 percentage values 1093 Upper Middle Volgian 139–141 carbon dioxide saturations 1173 software 22 depositional environment 139–141 Cenozoic saline aquifer 1063 Vlieland section distribution and stratigraphy 139 core material centrifuge experiments 1173 cross section 272 palaeogeography 141 CWC 1173 VO. See virtual outcrop (VO) reservoir characteristics 141 distribution and thickness 1172 volcanic rocks magnetic properties 572 Upper Miocene age. See Late faults 1176 volcanism onset 1026 Miocene age geophysical logs 1172 Volgian age 204. See also Early Volgian age Upper Nikanssin age layer thickness-saturation depocentre acoustic properties 1119 function 1174 development 201 secondary porosity 1107 north-trending depositional geometry 1178 downdip 203 sections 1107 permeability values 1177 Late 202 Upper Ordovician age reflection amplitude changes 1173 sandstone intervals of North Sea 139 Lower Silurian shales 715 seismic velocity 1174 sequence J64 199 Upper Piper sections 393 water production 1179 sequence J66a 195, 199 Upper Ror Formation 425 turbidites 206 Upper Rotliegendes Group Vaila Formation 245 sediment sources 207 Permian 262 stratigraphy 281 well correlation 202 play map 269 Val d’Agri oil field 121 Volgian–Ryazanian strata 62 discovery 119 broad log character motifs 199 units 61 hydrocarbons 120 environments 196 Upper Rudeis Formation Italy hydrocarbon occurrences 119–120 formation process 200 characterization 777 petrophysical characteristics 120 Humber Group sequence stratigraphy sandstone distribution 777, 779 Va˚le Formation 487, 488 reappraisal 199 Upper Rudeis prospectivity Valhall log profiles 209 exploring plays in Gulf of Suez 777 LoFS system 311 megasequence 199 Upper Silurian age time-lapse time shift 532 sequence J64 199 Caledonian unconformity 711 valid exploration targets sequence J66a 199 Upper Tor Formation 484–486 Carboniferous petroleum system 74 sequence J66b 199 age 484 Variscan basement 924 sequence J71-J72 199 biofacies 484–485 Variscan Foreland Basin 1080–1081 sequence K10 199–200 lithology/petrophysics 484 Vasyugan Formation 661 sequences J73-J76 199 tectonostratigraphy 486 Venture appraisal well 332 succession 184, 199 Uralian deformation 646 Venture-operated Chiswick Field 332 sequence age 203 Uralian Ocean 656 Verkhoyansk Fold Belt 596 tectonic reconfiguration 199, 209 Uralian Orogeny 645, 654 Vernet Field 458 Volve Field 1179 Ural mountains 660 vertical seismic profiling (VSP) 234 Vøring Basin 847 Urengoy field 664, 664 Verzhbitsky, Vladimir 589 Cretaceous strata 1031 gas charge 667 Vienna Basin Eocene volcanic rocks 568 gas yield 665 geological cross-section 1082 magmatic underplating 853 USC. See Upper Captain Sand (USC) Viera Anticline 971 modelled strains 583 U-shaped minibasin Late Cenozoic compression 971 Paleocene strata 1031 Walker Ridge area 905 Viking Graben 38, 43, 48, 50, 893 Vøring margin Ust’ Lena Rift 605 individual contributions to basement depth basement thickness 892 Utah map 891 Caledonian basement 890 Book Cliffs of Utah 24, 52 sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy crustal thickness 847 deltaic reservoir analogues 24 173–174 geological and structural features 844 EOR-sequestration test 1190 well-log correlation panel 169 individual contributions to basement depth Gordon Creek Field 1193–1195 Vil’kitski Rift Basin 610, 611 map 890 commercial-scale injection test Villafortuna Field 119 lateral volcanic distribution 846 1193–1195 discovered 118 LCB distribution 847 site location/surface geology map 1192 virtual fieldtrips magmatic rocks 847 stratigraphy 1193 creation 19–20 Moho difference 850 Utsira Formation petroleum geoscientists 19–25 Moho map 892 carbon dioxide workflow 20 negative Moho difference 846 flow model 1185 virtual fieldwork VR. See vitrinite reflectance (VR) flow v. hydrocarbon migration 1183 basis 20 VRG. See Virtual Reality Geological Studio injection 1183–1184 workflow 21 (VRG) migration 1187 virtual outcrop (VO) 19, 20 VSP. See vertical seismic profiling (VSP) plume seismic signatures 1185 Virtual Reality Geological Studio (VRG) location and extent 1184 lidar scan data 24 Wabiskaw Formation 1144 modelled 3D carbon dioxide Vise´an age Wadden Sea 145–154, 148, 149, 151 distribution 1186 Late 729 Wadi Shati North Sea 1184 Vise´an incised valleys 733 incised valleys 712 Utsira Sand 1171 Vise´an transgressive–regressive cycles 729 Wales amplitude changes 1173 vitrinite reflectance (VR) 633, 980 biogenic and thermogenic shale gas 1080 1242 INDEX

Walker Ridge area chemostratigraphy 767 T70 thrust faults offset 907 Kufra Basin 761–769 bypassed oil 366 U-shaped minibasin 905 lithology and GR characteristics 765 bypassed oil volumes 366 Walvis Ridge palynomorphs 767 4D seismic response 362 location 868 Silurian to Carboniferous macroforms and drainage cells 354 water stratigraphy 767 T75 distribution to gas production across basin Spore Colour Index against depth 769 fill and spill geometry 355 1114 well log 766 fuel tank display 363 layer stratigraphy Rockall Trough 554 business justification of targeting blind test macroforms and drainage cells 353 saturation capillary pressure 1114 1022 western channel baffles 359 water cones 341 Captain Field, Well A3 346 Wessel-1 139 WATS. See wide-azimuth towed streamer Central North Sea 58 Western Canadian Foreland Basin density (WATS) Central Panel injection well 382 1101 Waulsortian reef 733 Central Trough 51 Wernigerode Phase tectonics 482 WCG. See West Central Graben (WCG) Cleo-1 wells 138 Peine Phase tectonics 482 Welbeck Colliery correlation panel 241 Wessel-1 well gas wetness ratio 1094 Dooish well 939, 942–943 Volgian sandstone intervals 139 wells 1155–1156. See also Infill wells; England 1089 West Africa specific name Felicia-1 and Hans-1 wells, Offshore exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon 20/06-2, 371 Denmark 642 plays 676–681 20/06-2(a-B1A) Gert-1 well 130, 134, 145 hydrocarbons 7 geochemical profiles and binary back barrier sediments 148 POC 874 diagrams 383 interpreted washover fans Taoudenni Basin 676–681 20/06-5 372 photographs 153 West Canada 20/60(a-B)-8 380 porosity-permeability plot 148 BCG basin model 1110–1111 20/60(a-B1A,-B5,-B6) 379 sedimentological core log 147 Nikanassin Formation 1101–1104 20/60(a-B14Z) Gro-3 well 640 West Canada Basin pressure depletion 378 Hejre-1 134 centred gas system 1062, 1099–1122 updip production 378 HH84-1, GG85-1, GS216-1 778 Devonian Exshaw 1075 22/11 360 Huntington Fulmar well location 219 shale gas 1079 30/6-07 234 hydrocarbon(s) 1089 West Canada Sedimentary Basin 30/06-6 228, 230 injection and production 1157 regional cross-section 1145 30/06-7 J4 393 regional setting 1141–1144 migrated VSP image 235 J30 393 stratigraphic column 1142 48/14-2 J30(Z) 402 tectonic setting from Late Jurassic to Early discovery well 332 J32(Z) 396, 397, 398 Eocene 1144 evaluation 329–330 J34 393, 396, 402 West Canadian Foreland Basin fracture stimulation 332 J66(a SB) 198 schematic regional tectonic map 1100 fracture stimulation process 336 Jade Field 242 well density 1101 future orientation 335 JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas West Central Graben (WCG) 180 hydraulic fracture stimulation parameters hydrate research well 1153 high-amplitude reflector 185 330 Judy Member 410 marine conditions 187 reservoir properties 334 Julia horst well 228, 232 seismic line 200, 201, 203 scanning electron photomicrograph of Julia well 236 shoreface deposition 190 fibrous illite 331 kerogen 106 well correlation 188, 194, 197 48/14-5 leaking 1162 West Central Shelf 69 rose diagram showing strike orientation log correlation 2D seismic seismic profile 65, 66 333 inversion 537 seismo-stratigraphic relationships 48/14(a)-5 330–332, 332 monitoring 1161 62–63 reservoir properties 334 N15 West Emila accretionary arc scanning electron photomicrograph of shale baffle 355 geological sections 117 fibrous illite 331 N20(Z) 357 hydrocarbon occurrences 117 48/14(a)-6 332–335 N27 364 Settala gas field 123 FMI log 334 North Sea data 41 Villafortuna-Trecate oil field 119 horizontal well 335 North Slope of Alaska 640 Western Channel wells hydraulic fracture-stimulated pressure and logs 1162 22/11-N24 and 22/11-N28Z 357 intervals 333 Qara Chauq 804 N15 bridge plug 358 reservoir properties 334 Rockall Basin palaeodrainage stratigraphy Western Desert 204/18-1 251 944 burial history 697 reservoir analogue 250 Saxo-1 139 exploring older and deeper hydrocarbon A3 Scott zonation 389 plays 697–698 pressure-tester formation 358 sealed 1162 tectonic events 697 Amalie-1 wells 138 seismic to synthetic tie 1120 Western Platform 191 Amethyst State-1 well, Alaska 637 Svane-1 138 Western Structural Domain AFTA and VR data 638, 639, 640 formation pressures 136 Novaya Zemlya 651 palaeotemperatures 639 T35 246 West Europe A1-NC43 764 T36 246 shale gas 1079, 1083 A1-NC198 761–769 T38 West Forties basin buried hill structure 763 prospectivity 249–258 tectonic reconfiguration 201 INDEX 1243

West Gondwana wide-azimuth towed streamer (WATS) XCTD. See expendable reconstructions 876 acquisition configuration 1016 conductivity-temperature-depth West Greenland 981 acquisition details 1017 (XCTD) probe burial and uplift history 995 acquisition parameters 1017 XSP. See expendable sound speed 3D maps 991 data 1020 probe (XSP) erosional unconformity 1001 five-tile 1021 evaluating palaeotemperature profiles 982 four-tile 1021 Yamal Peninsula 661 events chronology 992 Gulf of Mexico 1023 Yell Basin geomorphological and geological oil field subsalt offshore Angola image Clair play 960 observations 990 1013–1024 rifted margin 960 landscape 1001 business case support 1023 seismic acquisitions/processing 955 landscape and detailed 3D finite-difference modelling structural evolution and sediment thermochronological dataset 999 1016–1017 dispersal 960 Oligocene hiatus offshore 993 model evaluation 1018–1022 structural reconstruction 956 Oligocene unconformity 994 recommended WATS survey 1023 Yenisei-Khatanga Basin outcrops 1034 subsalt imaging challenges 1013–1015 Assessment Unit seismic profile 994, 996 wide-azimuth solution 1015–1016 densities and median sizes 628 unconformity below Neogene six-tile 1021 distributions and assessment unit succession 994 survey probabilities 629 uplift and erosion of offshore Block 31 acquisition area 1023 Yenisei-Khatanga region 593 shelves 1000 Mad Dog Field 1016 Yenisey-Khatanga Basin 622 West Lewis Basin subsalt offshore Angola image 1023 assessment unit 629–631 seismic profile 972 three-tile 1021 exploration maturities 626–627 West Lewis Ridge tile number comparison field densities and sizes 626–627 reverse faults 970–971 v. NATS 1021 Ylvingen Fault 571 inversion 970 tiles 1019 Ymir Ridge Anticline 970 seismic profile 973 wide sag-type basins 824 North 973 West Limb Widmerpool Formation seismic profile 971 Boundary Fault 232 shale 1093 Ymir Ridge Complex 968 core area gas condensate 233 Widmerpool Gulf 1095 Yowlumne Field 352 exploration drilling phase summary 230 Williston Basin 1066 Ypresian isochore seismic reprocessing results 239 Bakken Formation 1065–1076 Rockall–Faroe area 970 West Lutong Field 459 Devonian age 1061–1062, 1065 by-passed hydrocarbons identification 460 GOR 1072, 1073 Zagros mountain-building geological models 459 lithostatic and hydrostatic pressure folding and faulting 803 West Orkney Basin gradients 1072 Zechstein Group 59,66 classical rifting 923 location 1066 composite layer Westphalian Mississippian Bakken Formation 1065 crystalline basement surface 72 black shale 1080 petroleum system 1061–1062 gas chimneys 72 Chiswick Field 319 Witch’s Hat segment isopach map 72 gas development 319 Clair field 309, 310 isopachs 69 Westray Fault 245, 252 Withycombe Farm borehole 1091 evaporite seal 71 oil 253 Wolfville fluvial succession 931 faults 891 oil migration model 253 Wolfville Formation 929, 931, 932 isochore two-way time and depth West Shetland Area summary correlation 933 maps 320 aeromagnetic map 248 Woodford Formation isopachs 65 stratigraphy 281 folded calcite-sealed fracture 1136 Netherlands petroleum exploration West Shetland Platform folded dolomite veins 1136 267 breached relay ramps 957 Woodford Shale play map 270 conceptual model for structural tall calcite-sealed fractures 1133 salts 320 evolution 959 Worcester Graben satellite basins 1087–2088 BCU depth structure map 219 conceptual play model 961 World Energy Outlook (2005) halokinetic activity 269 Early Cretaceous 956 International Energy Agency (IEA) 11 underpinning 44 seismic acquisitions/processing 955 Worston Shale Group seismo-stratigraphic relationship West Siberia 667 black shale 1095 Auk–Argyll–Flora area 60–61 Cenomanian gas fields 667 shale 1093 Jaeren high area 62 Cenomanian reservoirs 667 Wrangel Foreland Basin 609–610, 612 Mid North Sea High area 61 isotopic composition of methane 665 Wrangel-Herald Arch 612, 613 West Central Shelf 62–63 West Siberia Basin 660, 661, 662 Wrangel Island 597 topsoil 73 cross-section of petroleum systems 661 crustal tectonic 594 Upper Palaeozoic 59 3D basin modelling project 660 Wyoming 5, 6 well sections 57–59 Mesozoic chronostratigraphy 662 Wyoming Craton 5 Ziegler, Peter 38, 39, 51 northern and central 661, 662 Wyville–Thomson Ridge Anticline zircon source rocks 659 968–969 age spectra 6 Top Jurassic depth map 660 bottom-water current activity 969 detrital 6 White Zone 249 seismic profile 971 geochronology 6