Geophilid Centipedes: Phylogeny and Character Evolution

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Geophilid Centipedes: Phylogeny and Character Evolution Sede Amministrativa: Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Biologia SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN: BIOSCIENZE E BIOTECNOLOGIE INDIRIZZO: BIOLOGIA EVOLUZIONISTICA CICLO XXIV GEOPHILID CENTIPEDES: PHYLOGENY AND CHARACTER EVOLUTION I GEOFILIDI (CHILOPODA): FILOGENESI ED EVOLUZIONE DI ALCUNI CARATTERI Direttore della Scuola: Ch.mo Prof. Giuseppe Zanotti Coordinatore d’indirizzo: Ch.mo Prof. Giorgio Casadoro Supervisore: Ch.mo Prof. Alessandro Minelli Dottoranda: Federica Todesco Contents Introduzione ..................................................................................................................1 Chilopoda ...............................................................................................................................1 Geophilomorpha .................................................................................................................2 Filogenesi ...............................................................................................................................4 Scopo........................................................................................................................................6 Metodi......................................................................................................................................6 Manoscritto I‐ Filogenesi su base morfologica dei Geophilidae s.l. (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) ......................................................................................6 Manoscritto II‐ Il calice velenifero nei Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda): morfologia comparata ed evoluzione ........................................................................8 Manoscritto III‐ Organi coxali nei Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda): morfologia comparata ed evoluzione ........................................................................9 Bibliografia ......................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction................................................................................................................11 Chilopoda ............................................................................................................................ 11 Geophilomorpha .............................................................................................................. 12 Phylogeny............................................................................................................................ 14 Questions adressed in this thesis.............................................................................. 15 Methods ............................................................................................................................... 15 Manuscript I ‐ A morphology‐based phylogeny of Geophilidae s.l. (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) ................................................................................... 16 Manuscript II ‐ The poison calyx of Geophilomorpha centipedes (Chilopoda): comparative morphology and evolution.................................... 17 Manuscript III‐ Coxal organs in Geophilomorpha: comparative morphology and evolution .......................................................................................... 18 References .......................................................................................................................... 19 I A morphology­based phylogeny of Geophilidae s.l. (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) ......................................................................................................22 Abstract ................................................................................................................................22 Introduction........................................................................................................................22 Materials and methods .................................................................................................28 Results...................................................................................................................................35 Discussion............................................................................................................................51 References...........................................................................................................................52 Appendix 1: characters used in the phylogenetic analysis ............................56 Appendix 2: analysis of quantitative characters ................................................69 The poison calyx of Geophilomorpha centipedes (Chilopoda): comparative morphology and evolution...........................................................83 Abstract ................................................................................................................................83 Introduction........................................................................................................................83 Materials and methods ..................................................................................................85 Results...................................................................................................................................87 Discussions .........................................................................................................................97 References...........................................................................................................................99 Coxal organs in Geophilomorpha: comparative morphology and evolution.................................................................................................................... 102 Abstract .............................................................................................................................102 Introduction.....................................................................................................................102 Materials and methods ...............................................................................................105 Results................................................................................................................................105 Discussion.........................................................................................................................113 References........................................................................................................................116 II Introduzione Chilopoda I Chilopoda, una delle quattro classi dei Miriapodi, sono un importante gruppo di artropodi predatori diffusi in molti habitat terrestri, conosciuti in tutti i continenti eccetto in Antartide. Comunemente sono noti come centopiedi, tuttavia sebbene il nome implichi il fatto che essi abbiano 100 piedi, essi presentano un numero di paia di zampe che varia tra 15 e 191, sempre in numero dispari. Tutti i centopiedi presentano il primo paio di zampe modificato in un paio di forcipule che contengono le ghiandole velenifere. Infatti tutti i centopiedi sono quasi esclusivamente predatori, si nutrono di piccoli invertebrati infilzandoli con queste forcipule e iniettando loro il veleno; l’apparato boccale è costituito da mandibole e due paia di maxille, prime e seconde. La lunghezza totale del corpo varia tra 4 ai 300 mm (Edgecombe e Giribet, 2007); gli esemplari più grandi, principalmente scolopendre diffuse in zone tropicali, possono nutrirsi anche di vertebrati, come topi e lucertole, e il loro veleno può essere pericoloso anche per l’uomo, sebbene non siano stati registrati casi di morte nel mondo. I chilopodi sono comunemente diffusi nel suolo, nella lettiera dal livello del mare fino alle zone di montagna. Solitamente sono predatori solitari, e molte specie cacciano soprattutto durante la notte. Nonostante tutti i centopiedi siano costituiti da una testa e un corpo suddiviso in segmenti che portano un paio di zampe, esiste una notevole diversità all’interno del gruppo. Le specie finora descritte sono circa 3300, ripartite in cinque ordini: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Craterostigmomorpha, Scolopendromor‐ pha e Geophilomorpha. Gli Scutigeromorpha sono l’unico ordine che costituisce il gruppo degli Notostigmophora in contrapposizione ai Pleurostigmophora di cui invece fanno parte gli altri ordini: questa suddivisione è sostenuta da caratteri morfologici, in particolare dalla diversa organizzazione dell’apparato respiratorio, con aperture dorsali e brevi trachee che raggiungono il vaso dorsale (contenente emolinfa con un pigmento respiratorio) negli Scutigeromorpha (Notostigmofori) e aperture stigmatiche laterali e trachee ramificate in tutto il corpo negli altri Chilopodi (Pleurostigmofori) (Dohle 1985). Le prime classificazioni dei chilopodi (Haase 1881, Attems 1926) raggruppavano gli ordini sulla base del tipo di sviluppo postembrionale: 1 Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha e Craterostigmomorpha hanno un tipo di sviluppo anamorfico (dal cui uovo esce un individuo con un numero di segmenti e paia di zampe che è inferiore a quello definitivo che sarà raggiunto solo con una serie di mute), mentre Scolopendromorpha e Geophilomorpha di tipo epimorfico (dalle cui uova, incubate dalla madre, esce un individuo con il numero definitivo di segmenti e paia di zampe). Craterostigmomorpha, Scolopendromorpha e Geophilomorpha sono raggruppati nei Phylactometria, in cui la madre avvolge il proprio corpo attorno alle uova, primitivamente con il lato ventrale del corpo verso
Recommended publications
  • Newsletter No 42 Spring 2021
    Newsletter No 42 Spring 2021 BMIG news In this Issue: AGM —the 2021 AGM will be held by Zoom on Saturday 10th April at BMIG Annual Page 2pm. All welcome to attend. The agenda, minutes of last AGM and Meeting 1 reports are on the website here. Centipedes on Page Field meeting spring 2021—Due to the ongoing COVID situation we the sea shore 1 are not holding a field meeting this spring. Instead we are holding a Rhinophoridae Page virtual Annual Meeting after the AGM with a series of talks. recording scheme 3 See below for details of how to register for the AGM and BMIG Annual Millipede-killing Page Meeting. flies 4 New British Page millipede(s) 5 BMIG Annual Meeting Centipedes on the sea shore Metatrichoniscoides Page In place of our usual spring field Having, at various times, attended a celticus in England 6 meeting, we’re holding a virtual Bioblitz in a coastal location, it Annual Meeting right after the BMIG always seems to attract interest Coastal Page AGM on Saturday 10th April, starting amongst other participants that one Trichoniscoides 7 around 2.50pm. There will be four might be looking for centipedes on sarsi talks, each lasting around 30 mins the sea shore. After all, as everyone 13th century Page (including questions), with a short knows, centipedes are terrestrial woodlouse/ 7 break after the second talk: animals even though sometimes found millipede? • Anthony Barber: Centipedes on the above the strand line and in the Expanding Page Beach: Geophilomorphs & the littoral splash zone. In fact, there are five Anamastigona 8 habit
    [Show full text]
  • Subterranean Biodiversity and Depth Distribution of Myriapods in Forested Scree Slopes of Central Europe
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys Subterranean930: 117–137 (2020) biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of... 117 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.930.48914 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe Beáta Haľková1, Ivan Hadrián Tuf 2, Karel Tajovský3, Andrej Mock1 1 Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia 2 De- partment of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Beáta Haľková ([email protected]) Academic editor: L. Dányi | Received 28 November 2019 | Accepted 10 February 2020 | Published 28 April 2020 http://zoobank.org/84BEFD1B-D8FA-4B05-8481-C0735ADF2A3C Citation: Haľková B, Tuf IH, Tajovský K, Mock A (2020) Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe. In: Korsós Z, Dányi L (Eds) Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Myriapodology, Budapest, Hungary. ZooKeys 930: 117–137. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.48914 The paper is dedicated to Christian Juberthie (12 Mar 1931–7 Nov 2019), the author of the concept of MSS (milieu souterrain superficiel) and the doyen of modern biospeleology Abstract The shallow underground of rock debris is a unique animal refuge. Nevertheless, the research of this habitat lags far behind the study of caves and soil, due to technical and time-consuming demands. Data on Myriapoda in scree habitat from eleven localities in seven different geomorphological units of the Czech and Slovak Republics were processed.
    [Show full text]
  • Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae) from Brazilian Caves
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal Subterranean Biology 32: 61–67 (2019) Fungus on centipedes 61 doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.32.38310 SHORT COMMUNICATION Subterranean Published by http://subtbiol.pensoft.net The International Society Biology for Subterranean Biology First record of Amphoromorpha/Basidiobolus fungus on centipedes (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae) from Brazilian caves Régia Mayane Pacheco Fonseca1,2, Caio César Pires de Paula3, Maria Elina Bichuette4, Amazonas Chagas Jr2 1 Laboratório de Sistemática e Taxonomia de Artrópodes Terrestres, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil 3 Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic 4 Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório de Estudos Subterrâneos, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil Corresponding author: Régia Mayane Pacheco Fonseca ([email protected]); Amazonas Chagas-Jr ([email protected]) Academic editor: Christian Griebler | Received 17 July 2019 | Accepted 17 August 2019 | Published 19 September 2019 http://zoobank.org/7DD73CB5-F25A-48E7-96A8-A6D663682043 Citation: Fonseca RMP, de Paula CCP, Bichuette ME, Chagas Jr A (2019) First record of Amphoromorpha/Basidiobolus fungus on centipedes (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae) from Brazilian caves. Subterranean Biology 32: 61–67. https://doi. org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38310 Abstract We identifiedBasidiobolus fungi on geophilomorphan centipedes (Chilopoda) from caves of Southeast Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Chilopoda, Diplopoda, and Oniscidea in the City
    PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY OF OLOMOUC Faculty of Science Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences CHILOPODA, DIPLOPODA, AND ONISCIDEA IN THE CITY by Pavel RIEDEL A Thesis submitted to the Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, for the degree of Master of Science Supervisor: Ivan H. Tuf, Ph. D. Olomouc 2008 Drawing on the title page is Porcellio spinicornis (original in Oliver, P.G., Meechan, C.J. (1993): Woodlice. Synopses of the British Fauna No. 49. London, The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association.) © Pavel Riedel, 2008 Thesis Committee ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. Riedel, P.: Stonožky, mnohonožky a suchozemští
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Macrofauna As Bioindicator on Aek Loba Palm Oil Plantation Land
    Soil Macrofauna as Bioindicator on Aek Loba Palm Oil Plantation Land Arlen Hanel Jhon1,2*, Abdul Rauf1, T Sabrina1, Erwin Nyak Akoeb1 1Graduate Program of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Article history Received Received in revised form Accepted Available online 13 March 2020 26 July 2020 31 August 2020 31 August 2020 Abstract.The sustainability of oil palm plantation was investigated on the condition of oil palm plantation soil. Soil macrofauna have been reported to be a potential bio indicator of soil health and quality. This research has been conducted at PT. Socfindo Kebun Aek Loba in February 2017- April 2018. The difference in the length of time of utilization and management of plantation land in each generation also determines the presence, both species, density, relative density, and the frequency of the presence of soil macrofauna. This research was conducted to determine the species richness, density and attendance frequency of soil macrofauna on oil palm plantation land of PT. Socfin Indonesia (Socfindo) Aek Loba plantation area. Determination of the sampling point is done by the Purposive Random Sampling method, soil macrofauna sampling using the Quadraticand Hand Sorting methods with a size of 30x30 cm. There are 29 species of soil macrofauna which are grouped into 2 phyla, 3 classes, 11 orders, 21 families, and 27 genera. The highest density value is in the Generation II area of 401.53 ind / m2 and the lowest density value is in the Generation IV area of 101.59 ind / m2.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Centipedes and Millipedes (Myriapoda) New to the Fauna of Belarus
    Russian Entomol. J. 30(1): 106–108 © RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2021 Some centipedes and millipedes (Myriapoda) new to the fauna of Belarus Íåêîòîðûå ãóáîíîãèå è äâóïàðíîíîãèå ìíîãîíîæêè (Myriapoda), íîâûå äëÿ ôàóíû Áåëàðóñè A.M. Ostrovsky À.Ì. Îñòðîâñêèé Gomel State Medical University, Lange str. 5, Gomel 246000, Republic of Belarus. E-mail: [email protected] Гомельский государственный медицинский университет, ул. Ланге 5, Гомель 246000, Республика Беларусь KEY WORDS: Geophilus flavus, Lithobius crassipes, Lithobius microps, Blaniulus guttulatus, faunistic records, Belarus КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Geophilus flavus, Lithobius crassipes, Lithobius microps, Blaniulus guttulatus, фаунистика, Беларусь ABSTRACT. The first records of three species of et Dobroruka, 1960 under G. flavus by Bonato and Minelli [2014] centipedes and one species of millipede from Belarus implies that there may be some previous records of G. flavus are provided. All records are clearly synathropic. from the former USSR, including Belarus, reported under the name of G. proximus C.L. Koch, 1847 [Zalesskaja et al., 1982]. РЕЗЮМЕ. Приведены сведения о фаунистичес- The distribution of G. flavus in European Russia has been summarized by Volkova [2016]. ких находках трёх новых видов губоногих и одного вида двупарноногих многоножек в Беларуси. Все ORDER LITHOBIOMORPHA находки явно синантропные. Family LITHOBIIDAE The myriapod fauna of Belarus is still poorly-known. Lithobius (Monotarsobius) crassipes C.L. Koch, According to various authors, 10–11 species of centi- 1862 pedes [Meleško, 1981; Maksimova, 2014; Ostrovsky, MATERIAL EXAMINED. 1 $, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Kra- 2016, 2018] and 28–29 species of millipedes [Lokšina, sivyi lane, among household waste, 14.07.2019, leg. et det. A.M. 1964, 1969; Tarasevich, 1992; Maksimova, Khot’ko, Ostrovsky.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxons Dedicated to Grigore Antipa
    Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 62 (1): 137–159 (2019) doi: 10.3897/travaux.62.e38595 RESEARCH ARTICLE Taxons dedicated to Grigore Antipa Ana-Maria Petrescu1, Melania Stan1, Iorgu Petrescu1 1 “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, 1 Şos. Kiseleff, 011341 Bucharest 1, Romania Corresponding author: Ana-Maria Petrescu ([email protected]) Received 18 December 2018 | Accepted 4 March 2019 | Published 31 July 2019 Citation: Petrescu A-M, Stan M, Petrescu I (2019) Taxons dedicated to Grigore Antipa. Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 62(1): 137–159. https://doi.org/10.3897/travaux.62.e38595 Abstract A comprehensive list of the taxons dedicated to Grigore Antipa by collaborators, science personalities who appreciated his work was constituted from surveying the natural history or science museums or university collections from several countries (Romania, Germany, Australia, Israel and United States). The list consists of 33 taxons, with current nomenclature and position in a collection. Historical as- pects have been discussed, in order to provide a depth to the process of collection dissapearance dur- ing more than one century of Romanian zoological research. Natural calamities, wars and the evictions of the museum’s buildings that followed, and sometimes the neglection of the collections following the decease of their founder, are the major problems that contributed gradually to the transformation of the taxon/specimen into a historical landmark and not as an accessible object of further taxonomical inquiry. Keywords Grigore Antipa, museum, type collection, type specimens, new taxa, natural history, zoological col- lections. Introduction This paper is dedicated to 150 year anniversary of Grigore Antipa’s birth, the great Romanian scientist and the founding father of the modern Romanian zoology.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Phylogenomic Relationships Within Myriapoda: Should High Matrix Occupancy Be the Goal?
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/030973; this version posted November 9, 2015. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Exploring phylogenomic relationships within Myriapoda: should high matrix occupancy be the goal? ROSA FERNÁNDEZ1, GREGORY D. EDGECOMBE2 AND GONZALO GIRIBET1 1Museum of Comparative Zoology & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/030973; this version posted November 9, 2015. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract.—Myriapods are one of the dominant terrestrial arthropod groups including the diverse and familiar centipedes and millipedes. Although molecular evidence has shown that Myriapoda is monophyletic, its internal phylogeny remains contentious and understudied, especially when compared to those of Chelicerata and Hexapoda. Until now, efforts have focused on taxon sampling (e.g., by including a handful of genes in many species) or on maximizing matrix occupancy (e.g., by including hundreds or thousands of genes in just a few species), but a phylogeny maximizing sampling at both levels remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed forty Illumina transcriptomes representing three myriapod classes (Diplopoda, Chilopoda and Symphyla); twenty-five transcriptomes were newly sequenced to maximize representation at the ordinal level in Diplopoda and at the family level in Chilopoda.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomics Reveals Thousands of Novel Chemosensory
    GBE Comparative Genomics Reveals Thousands of Novel Chemosensory Genes and Massive Changes in Chemoreceptor Repertories across Chelicerates Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article-abstract/10/5/1221/4975425 by Universitat de Barcelona user on 08 May 2019 Joel Vizueta, Julio Rozas*, and Alejandro Sanchez-Gracia* Departament de Gene` tica, Microbiologia i Estadıstica and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected];[email protected]. Accepted: April 17, 2018 Data deposition: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary file, Supplementary Material online). Abstract Chemoreception is a widespread biological function that is essential for the survival, reproduction, and social communica- tion of animals. Though the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoreception are relatively well known in insects, they are poorly studied in the other major arthropod lineages. Current availability of a number of chelicerate genomes constitutes a great opportunity to better characterize gene families involved in this important function in a lineage that emerged and colonized land independently of insects. At the same time, that offers new opportunities and challenges for the study of this interesting animal branch in many translational research areas. Here, we have performed a comprehensive comparative genomics study that explicitly considers the high fragmentation of available draft genomes and that for the first time included complete genome data that cover most of the chelicerate diversity. Our exhaustive searches exposed thousands of previously uncharacterized chemosensory sequences, most of them encoding members of the gustatory and ionotropic receptor families.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24
    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying
    [Show full text]
  • Chilopoda) from Central and South America Including Mexico
    AMAZONIANA XVI (1/2): 59- 185 Kiel, Dezember 2000 A catalogue of the geophilomorph centipedes (Chilopoda) from Central and South America including Mexico by D. Foddai, L.A. Pereira & A. Minelli Dr. Donatella Foddai and Prof. Dr. Alessandro Minelli, Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 588, I 35131 Padova, Italy. Dr. Luis Alberto Pereira, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s.n., 1900 La Plata, R. Argentina. (Accepted for publication: July. 2000). Abstract This paper is an annotated catalogue of the gcophilomorph centipedes known from Mexico, Central America, West Indies, South America and the adjacent islands. 310 species and 4 subspecies in 91 genera in II fam ilies are listed, not including 6 additional taxa of uncertain generic identity and 4 undescribed species provisionally listed as 'n.sp.' under their respective genera. Sixteen new combinations are proposed: GaJTina pujola (CHAMBERLIN, 1943) and G. vera (CHAM­ BERLIN, 1943), both from Pycnona; Nesidiphilus plusioporus (ATT EMS, 1947). from Mesogeophilus VERHOEFF, 190 I; Po/ycricus bredini (CRABILL, 1960), P. cordobanensis (VERHOEFF. 1934), P. haitiensis (CHAMBERLIN, 1915) and P. nesiotes (CHAMBERLIN. 1915), all fr om Lestophilus; Tuoba baeckstroemi (VERHOEFF, 1924), from Geophilus (Nesogeophilus); T. culebrae (SILVESTRI. 1908), from Geophilus; T. latico/lis (ATTEMS, 1903), from Geophilus (Nesogeophilus); Titanophilus hasei (VERHOEFF, 1938), from Notiphilides (Venezuelides); T. incus (CHAMBERLIN, 1941), from lncorya; Schendylops nealotus (CHAMBERLIN. 1950), from Nesondyla nealota; Diplethmus porosus (ATTEMS, 1947). from Cyclorya porosa; Chomatohius craterus (CHAMBERLIN, 1944) and Ch. orizabae (CHAMBERLIN, 1944), both from Gosiphilus. The new replacement name Schizonampa Iibera is proposed pro Schizonampa prognatha (CRABILL.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life History and Ecology of the Littoral Centipede Strigamia Maritima (Leach)
    The life history and ecology of the littoral centipede Strigamia maritima (Leach). Lewis, John Gordon Elkan The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/1497 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] I The life histöry and ecology of the littoral centipede Strigarnia maritime (Leach). A thesis submitted in support of an application for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London by John Gordon Elkan Lewis, B. Sc. October 1959 BEST CO" AVAILABLE 2 Abstract Stri The investigation, on the littoral centipede arme 1956 1959 maritima (Leach), was carried out between and largely at Cuckmere Haven, Suesex. The main habitat studied was a shingle bank the structure and environmental conditions of which are described. A description of the eggs and young stages of S Lrigamia is given and it is shown how five post larval instaro may be distinguished by using head width, average number of coxnl glands and structure of the receptaculum seminis in females, and head width and the chaetotaxy of the genital sternite in males. An account of the structure of the reproductive organs and the development of the gametes, and of the succession, moulting, growth rates and length of life and fecundity of the post larval instars is given, and the occurrence of a type of neoteny in the epeciee is discussed.
    [Show full text]