advice information research & training RAM BULLETIN on media ethics Refugees, Asylum-seekers and the Mass media Project

Promoting best practice in media representation of refugee and asylum issues No 27, Apr 2003

RAM seminar ‘great after he had been driven out of EDITORIAL success’ say journos Freetown. And Faqir Mayvand IT’S GONE TOO FAR Judging by the feedback from from Afghanistan used the occasion exiled journalists who attended the to announce that his latest project refugee TV has at last be granted a When The Sun newspaper RAM seminar ‘Working in The UK published ‘Asylum Army’ as front Media’, the 3-day event was a great licence to broadcast by the page heading in one of its March success. Independent Television issues, for a moment I thought that Thirty five journalists from over Commission. an alien force had invaded the 20 countries made the most of the All these positive examples country. opportunity to meet with colleagues encouraged networking, and a fresh Although statistical jargon is a favourite ingredient in most British and hear from representatives of the sense of enthusiasm to get back into work as journalists. During the media, equating the number of BBC, BECTU, NUJ, The Big Issue asylum-seekers with armed forces and others, about the possibilitiesa Sunday morning session, the RAM Project team received renewed sends a dangerous signal. and problems associated with Before the world politics was working in the UK media. support for new ways of engaging heated up with war on the main For many it gave fresh hope that exiled journalists in its work. agenda regarding asylum-seekers their careers are not over just See the next RAM Bulletin for more was economic. details about what is planned. Many in the UK media complained because they had been driven out of Project. their own countries just for doing that asylum-seekers leave their countries to make a fortune. This their job. SILENT TRIBUTE created enough damage in Over 60 people were present for FOR TERRY LLOYD distorting the real image since few the opening debate on the Friday Delegates at the RAM Seminar bother to explain that there is more evening which featured lively stood for a minute’s silence during at stake than a fortune considering exchanges between Guardian/ the final session in memory of ITN the risk people have taken to come Observer columnist David journalist Terry Lloyd, killed by so- to the UK. Aaronovitch and Stan Szekowka, called ‘friendly fire’ in Iraq earlier in Adding insult to the injury, the deputy editor of the Bristol Evening the week. present trend is all the more As delegates returned home news Post, both descendants of refugees alarming in that it risks triggering came through of the tragic death in further violence by directly to the UK (see report in Iraq of C4 journalist Gaby Rado. categorising asylum-seekers as a COMMUNICATOR column). threat to national security. One of the high points on the Sound & pictures on-line The whole purpose of this Saturday was the applause given to Kosovan e-journalist Besim numbers game is obviously to Jeremy Dear, General Secretary of create further negative impressions Gerguri, was quick to turn the the NUJ, who pledged the union’s of the asylum issue by exploiting the RAM seminar into a website. He support for exiled journalists. current global political agenda. has uploaded images of the event Thirteen immediately signed up as It also sends a subtle signal to and recordings of two exceptional members under the special scheme members of the public to be performers from Exiled Writers Ink particularly vigilant about asylum negotiated by the RAM Project. who entertained participants on the seekers. (How do they know who to Perhaps the most instructive Saturday night. Poet and accordion be vigilant about, since asylum- session was entitled ‘Do-it- player Vida Kashizadeh from Iran, seekers don’t wear badges - yet?). Yourself’, during which four exiled and oud player and singer Sahira In general this approach is not journalists of various backgrounds, only irresponsible but also Saad from Iraq. dangerous. generations and profiles, explained To see and hear more log onto how they had got back into the It widens the gap between the http://www6.redstation.co.uk/gerg37 public and anyone looking ‘foreign’. media business. 9124/uk_exjour_int/ Carlos Reyes-Manzo, exiled from Hence I say this should not be tolerated and needs to be Pinochet’s Chile in the 1970’s now .. and now the film challenged in every available runs the started the Andes Press The RAM Project and Bristol-based avenue. Agency, which now holds over half Omni productions, working with In this regard a lot is expected a million images. Kosovan refugee film-maker Ekrem from us (exiled journalist) and it is Abel Ugba form Nigeria now runs Rrahmani, conducted interviews time to wake up and do something Metro Eireann, Ireland’s only paper with particicants to the seminar. about it. for ethnic minorities. Ibrahim Seaga The fascinating footage obtained Shaw from Sierra Leone, now Meconen Mulgeta will be used to produce broadcast Guest Editor based in Paris, relaunched his Expo- quality material. Times as a web-based newspaper

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Bridging the gap with a means to express their views Cabinet discussion acknowledged between myth and reality and allow those most affected by "Any coercive intervention in other The Swedish Quick Response the issue of war and peace with an states is of course controversial." organisation offers a model for opportunity to develop strategies Under the new scheme, which agencies dealing with media for dealing with humanitarian and would be managed by the UN but coverage of immigration elsewhere. political crises in the country. funded by the EU, the transit camps According to its programme Veteran journalist Julia Flint has and protective zones might also statement Quick Response was set been appointed Co-ordinating house those who fail to qualify for up: ‘to nuance media reports on Editor of the report. asylum until it is safe for then to questions concerning immigration, IWPR is an educational charity return home. by an initiative from the national promoting peace and development ‘Those granted refugee status co-ordination committee of the by training journalists. would be resettled within the EU, European Year against Racism.’ Visit the website at www.iwpr.net on a burden-sharing basis’, (sic) Project leader Ulku Holago adds: according to the report. ‘We work against stereotypes Burying Blunkett’s bad A document submitted to the spread by the media and encourage cabinet argues that care must be news for asylum-seekers taken to ensure the initiative is not journalists to access a variety of War has kept asylum issues off the seen as ‘dumping asylum seekers information sources.’ front pages in recent weeks. But on the poorer nations’, nor as ‘using Quick Response has since grown not for long. The war is likely to money to enable us to wash our not only into an organisation generate many more refugees – hands of the refugee problem’. providing reliable response to though whether they will want to However the plan is regarded as a biased coverage, but also into the head for the UK if David Blunkett’s useful way to deter ‘potential first port of call for journalists latest proposals come into effect is terrorists’ from attempting to enter writing about immigration. It another matter. Europe as asylum-seekers. provides reliable data about asylum There was little coverage of his and multiculturalism issues. plans for 'zones of protection' for It also works with schools to refugees and potential near areas of Safe havens? promote debates on these issues. conflict (Turkey, Iran and Iraqi The burial on Monday 31 March With growing prejudice from some Kurdistan for Iraqis; Northern 2003 of 600 identified victims of members of the public due to the Somalia for Somalis; Morocco for the 1995 tragedy in Srebrenica was distorted media information about Algerians), and temporary Transit marked by a day of mourning in asylum issues, a project like Quick Processing Centres outside Europe Bosnia. It went unremarked in the Response could play a pivotal role to which asylum seekers could be UK media. in bridging the gap between myth deported while their claims are Designated by the EU as a ‘safe and reality. assessed. haven’, Srebrenica was overrun in Visit the website at According to Home Office Notes 1995 by the Bosnian Serb army www.quickresponse.nu for Editors dated 27 March the new which then rounded up and PressWise is planning a Right of approach is needed because executed up to 7000 civilians. Reply section as part of its - support for refugees is badly At the time Dutch soldiers were revamped website, and will be guarding this safe haven, as part of consulting Quick Response. If distributed; funding is available it may be - the current system requires those a contingent of EU forces in possible to develop a similar service fleeing persecution to ‘enter the Bosnia. They offered no resistance on the RAM project site. West’ illegally, to Bosnian Serbs, and their conduct - over 50% of asylum-seekers in was later the subject of a parliamentary investigation in the Unique new service for Europe don’t meet refugee criteria, yet most of the world's 12 million Netherlands. Iraqi journalists refugees stay in their own regions; Resignations were tendered, and The Institute for War and Peace - rapidly fluctuating and coupled with the fact that Serbia’s Reporting (IWPR) has launched a unmanaged intakes of asylum- president Milosevic was at the time unique service to encourage seekers and refugees, often result in in the dock at the Hague War dialogue between Iraqi journalists poorly resourced responses causing Tribunal, it seemed that the some and experts. public concern about numbers of moral redress had been obtained. “Amid the thunderous debate unfounded claims; and But has it? What happened at raging in the and all - public support for asylum is Srebrenica should be a reminder over Europe over a possible attack falling across the developed world. that refugees need to be taken out on Iraq, little is heard from Iraqis The plan envisages more of harm’s way. How can refugees themselves,” says IWPR Executive intervention to prevent the be sure there is sufficient political Director Tony Borden. conditions which cause migration. will to protect them in safe havens “Arguments over weapons of mass That includes aid programmes and of the future, if none was found in destruction and global security have awareness-raising but does not Srebrenica? drowned out the voices of Iraqi preclude military intervention – people. Our goal is to provide them although an earlier report about ______

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Little white lies and refugee organisation in After countless tabloid articles The pressure group OutRage! has approaching and briefing the press. about refugees costing the taxpayer condemned home secretary David “Refugees and refugee millions, some members of the Blunkett's policy of 'white listing' organisations might have a slightly public may actually believe that countries from which no further old fashioned view of how the they walk around with their pocket applications will be accepted, media works. Nowadays, there stuffed with money, so deep have because it includes countries which aren’t as many journalists in the the lies about asylum-seekers are known to persecute gay, lesbian newsroom. So what they are saying penetrated the public consciousness and transgender people. is ‘here we are, send us information OutRage! has expressed concerns and we might run a story’. Another crusade under that Jamaica is one of seven states “Clearly, refugees and The Sun on the list, yet persecution towards organisations working with them Anticipating the second Gulf War, gays is well-documented there. should know how to do this,’ The Sun ran a front-page news item "It is callous in the extreme," concludes Terry. on 1 March under the heading said Brett Lock, spokesman for The Liverpool event followed the ‘Asylum Army’. OutRage!. "It sends a message that pattern set with similar RAM It stated that the number of people queers deserve what they get, events in Birmingham and Leeds. who claimed asylum in the year wherever they get it. Obviously Mr More such RAM events a are 2002 was greater than the total Blunkett does not consider violence planned for Dover, Cardiff, armed forces of Britain. against the gay community a Glasgow and London. Reading between the lines the legitimate form of persecution or For details please see our website suggestion is that the increase in www.ramproject.org.uk or contact worthy of international attention or asylum-seekers is becoming a threat [email protected] condemnation." to national security, and needs to be In 2002, two Jamaicans were balanced by armed personnel. granted asylum in the UK on the Supporting asylum- Who knows, The Sun will be grounds that their lives were in seekers in the S. West suggesting next pairing soldiers and danger because of ‘severe Over 160 people attended the asylum-seekers, so that the former homophobia’. Amnesty International’s South can keep an eye on the latter. For more information see: West Conference ‘Refugees: the http://uk.gay.com/article/community/ truth behind the headlines’, at Courageous initiative by immigration/291 or Exeter University on Sat 22 March. http://outrage.nabumedia.com/ PressWise Director Mike New Yorker When it comes to reporting on Jempson spoke on the challenges of asylum issue most of the media are Forty attend RAM reporting refugee issues, and then interested in sound bites rather that led a workshop on the ‘rules of Liverpool Media Forum the full story. engagement’ for those wanting take The Media Forum organised by the Constriction of airtime in the up media work on behalf of RAM Project in Liverpool on 19 broadcasting media and space in the refugees. March brought together exiled print media means that longer Other speakers included journalists, local media figures and pieces are left to the periodicals. Amnesty Director Kate Allen, and representatives of refugee The New Yorker rose to the Kecia Harris, South West team organisations. challenge. A series of stories on manager for Refugee Action. Chaired by National Union of asylum, giving initially a view of Afghani duttar player Saeed Journalists (NUJ) representative the situation in Britain moved on to Hashemi provided a recital in the and a Liverpool Echo writer Peter document the plight of Sierra sun at lunchtime. Grant, the meeting focused on the Leonian children and war coverage of asylum issue in the See also http://www.amnesty.org/ or http://www.refugee-action.org/ amputees. local press. The feature ran for 11 pages, long A number of refugees told the enough to allow meticulous detail MEDIA WATCH meeting that the press seemed less and follow the destinies of the than keen to get to the real stories exiles, explaining how and why ‘behind the news’. Young refugee attacked they were eventually granted On the other hand, representatives asylum in the USA. of the press pointed out that they in Leyton A seventeen-year-old refugee was There are many disturbing pages hardly ever hear either from attacked in Leyton, East London by but still it is a story worth seeking refugees or organisations working four teenagers according to the Big out. with them. Issue (Issue 528). Which UK periodicals will follow RAM Project Co-ordinator Terry The report states that the the example of the New Yorker, and Williams comments: “The assailants shouted at their victim: Marie Claire, and do the same? Liverpool event emphasises the “You fucking refugee we know you need for training programme which have money and give it to us”. Deadline for the next bulletin will focus on the needs of refugees Police found the young man lying is 25 April. Please send copy on the street bleeding heavily. to [email protected] ______

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finger on me since I had world. I was not in search of ‘WHEN ELEPHANTS served them in various high a fortune. FIGHT, THE GRASS posts - until he discovered my SUFFERS’ house was being searched in I have now been living in Guest Editor Meconen my absence. exile for nearly four years. Mulgata reflects upon the At this stage I could Even now I am struggling to reasons he was forced to flee clearly sense the danger come to terms with it Ethiopia for the UK hovering over me and because of the mixed feelings decided to go into hiding. My that I have. dearest friend never changed On the one hand I feel glad Nineteen ninety-eight was a with the situation. He to be in a country where there remarkable year for me and remained anxious about my is a rule of law, and nothing my best friend Sami. After safety. to be scared of because all a tireless battle to establish Things got tense with the those who were hunting me our own business venture security forces crawling are now far away from my we finally managed to everywhere in search for life. In this regard I feel I am acquire a promotion studio. people with an Eritrean living in an earthly paradise, background. when I think of my un- Our previous popularity in Despite the repeated fortunate friends who could- the media was a bonus to our warnings on national radio, n’t make it and who ended up business and in a very short Sami tried to do everything to vegetating in the dungeons of time we came top of save my life; but I could see our despotic leaders. advertisers’ list, and won a in his face that he was aware On the other hand major bid for a leading of what the consequences surrounded by loneliness and bottled water supplier in might be were he caught haunted by nostalgia makes Ethiopia. hiding a fugitive. I considered me feel I am living the life of myself as a liability, and Robinson Crusoe. Further- However our euphoria didn’t hated myself. more, waiting for a decision last long and we didn’t enjoy At last decision time came on my asylum application fill the fruits of our efforts. The if I was to save my life and, my life with uncertainty. Ethio-Eritrea war erupted and more importantly not to disrupted everything. endanger the people who The accumulation of all these During this time the first cared for me so much and psychological pressures, cou- measure taken by the who had never betrayed me pled with prejudices storming Ethiopian government was to during these formidable in from different angles are hunt down Ethiopians with an crises. I had to resort to the some of the worst nightmares Eritrean origin - like myself. only option on the menu - of exiled life. Tens of thousands were escape to a neighbouring Despite it all, however, I deported under harsh country. am still glad to be a survivor. conditions, others were killed After deep discussions by undercover agents and with Sami and his girlfriend, Meconen Mulgeta is an asylum- some ended up in detention we decided my best option seeker from Ethiopia. centres. was to get to Kenya first. He served as a senior journalist in various Ethiopian media and When we had finalised When war was declared I was economics editor for the arrangements I set off on a popular newspaper ABIOTAWI realised that it was going to journey into the unknown, DEMOCRACY (an organ of the have a bitter end, but I never leaving behind the life that I ruling party in Ethiopia). thought that they would take had built for years. At present he is working in draconian action against British Telecom as an This is how and why I left administrator. innocent civilians. my home country and came Sami too was convinced to Britain half way across the Meconen can be contacted at that they wouldn’t lay a [email protected] ______

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Unlike many journalists who are purely Cut-out-and-keep interested in settling cheap political scores, he took a brave initiative in exploring the other side COMMUNICATOR of the story, and this is what I call the real and A PressWise use-of- the-media Guide true sense of professionalism.

MAKING A DIFFERENCE, ------BY DOING THINGS DIFFERENTLY Encouraging public debate about the issues can also make a difference to attitudes. The seminar The RAM Project believes that balanced for exiled journalists organised by RAM in reporting on the asylum issue can be Bristol at the end of March kicked off with a achieved by encouraging asylum-seekers a debate about media coverage, led by national voice to speak directly to the media. RAM newspaper columnist David Aaronovitch. Bulletin guest editor Meconen Mulgeta, a Among those present were activists from Bristol journalist and PR expert from Ethiopia, Defend Asylum-seekers Campaign and explains how this approach proved representatives of the local media. beneficial not only for public understanding of the problems asylum-seekers face, but The walls of the hall in which the debate took for him personally. place were decorated with cuttings from the national press (routinely negative) and from the Bristol Evening Post (which has been generally David Byers, a journalist with the Gloucester positive about asylum-seekers living in the city). Citizen, asked me if he could do a human- interest story about how I ended up in exile. Stan Szekowka , Deputy Editor of the Evening As I was deeply upset by the hate Post stressed the importance for local papers of campaign and the use of inflammatory language taking up issues of concern to the local by some irresponsible journalists I agreed to tell community. He sees asylum-seekers as part of my story to the public. the community his paper serves, and pointed The full account of my interview was out that the paper regularly celebrates the multi- published in the Gloucester Citizen on 3 cultural nature of Bristol society with features, December 2002, under the headline ‘I was for instance, about the achievements of hard- forced to leave my family and smuggled into pressed inner city schools to which many Britain’, with the strapline ‘As another batch of refugee children attend. 150 asylum-seekers are set to be housed in Paulette North of BDAS said that Gloucester, Ethiopian asylum-seeker Meconen regular campaigning on the street and through Mulceta (sic) – who has lived in Gloucester for the columns of the local paper has won support four years – tells us his extraordinary story…’ for asylum seekers. She complimented the Illustrated with a large picture of me Evening Post for taking up the plight of families with my features blacked out, it caught the facing deportation. However there was criticism attention of many of the paper’s readers. of the Evening Post for running ‘inflammatory’ To my amazement I received eleven comment columns in the aftermath of 11 Sept, telephone calls on the day of publication from which had caused offence and put at risk the very different people who had been deeply Muslim community in the city. touched by my story. Ray Tostevin of HTV announced that a Responses to the article included job two-part programme about asylum-seekers in offers. None of them was for journalistic work, Bristol is planned, and agreed with David but I was able to switch from labouring in a Aaronovitch that the media need to take on the warehouse to an administrative job with British British National Party and expose their fascist Telecom. The whole exercise helped me to and racist views. Not everyone in attendance move forward. agreed, some felt that minority parties with However, although the sympathy extremist views should be ignored. offered to me from some members of the public Nonetheless all were agreed that made me victorious over the rumour machine, human interest stories can go a long way to which waged a war against asylum-seekers and undermine the hostility generated by stories refugees, it is the journalist David Byers who based on generalisations and statistics. deserves the greatest credit.

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Refugee Council, Refugee asylum seekers and Kelson on 0117 941 5889 Action and the NUJ, a refugees, organisations or [email protected] ‘PEG’ forum to bring together working on their behalf and asylum seekers and journalists to debate how to Monday 16 - Sunday 22 refugees, organisations best turn the tide of June BOARD working on their behalf and negative coverage. REFUGEE WEEK journalists to debate how to Food and wine from Refugee Week is a nation- Help to set the media best turn the tide of 6.30pm. wide programme of arts, agenda by generating negative coverage. Venue: tbc cultural and educational stories rather than Food and wine from For more info, or to reserve events that celebrate 6.30pm. a place, contact Anna cultural diversity and having to react to Venue: Council Chamber, Kelson on 0117 941 5889 promote understanding theirs. Dover Town Hall, Biggin or [email protected], about the reasons why Keep your ears and Street, Dover, CT16 1DL or Vanessa Bucolli on people seek sanctuary. eyes open for events For more info, or to reserve 02920 874 681 or Venue: all over the UK! which might provide a place, contact Anna [email protected] For more info about events you, and the media, Kelson on 0117 941 5889 in your area and join to the with a ‘peg’ on which or [email protected] Thursday 15 May 10.00am - mailing list, visit to hang positive 4.30pm http://www.refugeeweek.org Tuesday 8 April 6.30pm MEDIA AND REFUGEES .uk/ stories about refugees PROFESSOR STEPHEN Over the past six months or asylum seekers. CASTLES SEMINAR Article 19 has co-ordinated Monday 7 - Thursday 25 Keep your media The European Migrations a team of refugee July contacts informed and Transformations researchers to conduct in- FORCED MIGRATION about what is Institute & London depth interviews with SUMMER SCHOOL happening and why it European City refugees and asylum This three-week residential is relevant for them. of Immigration Group seekers across the UK to course provides a broad present a seminar 'The New examine their relationship understanding of the issues Global Politics and the Fate with the media. of forced migration and Monday 7 April 7.30pm of Refugees' by Professor Terry Williams and Nikola humanitarian assistance. POETRY CAFE Stephen Castles, Director of Medic of the RAM Project, Participants examine, Exiled Writers Ink! present the Refugee Studies Centre with Beth Crosland of ICAR, discuss and review theory their regular monthly at the University of Oxford. will present the findings and practice and develop evening of poetry. Free admission but early from our Regional Media communication and 'Kabul to London', Afghan booking is advised. Fora, and PressWise analysis skills useful for the images, voices and music Venue: Henry Thomas director Mike Jempson will workplace. Designed for with Berang Kohdomani, Room, London Metropolitan also speak in the session managers, administrators, Suhaila Ismat, Parniyan University, Holloway Road, on media regulators. field workers and policy Zemaryalai, Karim Haidari, London N7 8DB Chaired by David makers in humanitarian Ayesha Tarzi and Shabibi For more info, contact Aaronovitch. fields. Shah. Kathryn Johnson on Participation is free but Combines lectures and Chaired by Marta Niccolai [email protected] or places are limited so please seminars by international £1 members and 020 7133 2662 contact the organisers first. experts, small group work, unemployed refugees, £3 Venue: Westminster, case studies, simulations non-members Saturday 19 April London. and individual study. Venue: Venue: 22 Betterton ROCK AGAINST RACISM For more info, contact Course fees £2300 (incl. Street, London WC2 AUSTRALIA Pauline on B&B accommodation, For more info, contact Port Augusta is a town of [email protected] or weekday lunches, tuition [email protected] about 15,000 people 020 7278 9292. fees, course materials, .co.uk or visit located at the base of the social activities). www.exiledwriters.co.uk Flinders Ranges, three Thursday 12 June Venue: Refugee Studies hours north of Adelaide. THINK LONDON: THINK Centre, Wadham College, Tuesday 8 April 3.00pm A new maximum security LOCAL University of Oxford TONY BENN IN BRISTOL prison for refugees has The RAM Project, in For more info, contact Organised by St George recently opened near Port partnership with the [email protected]. Community College and Augusta - the Baxter Refugee Council and uk Bristol Racial Equality detention centre where at supported by the NUJ, Council, Tony Benn and least 250 asylum seekers present a one-day seminar Paul Stephenson will be are being held. This Easter, to help refugees and USEFUL WEBSITES addressing a public meeting protesters from around asylum-seekers and people on the 40th anniversary of Australia will converge on working on their behalf Amnesty International the successful campaign the detention centre, make better use of the http://www.amnesty.org/ against the racist demanding Free the Capital's media in the run- employment practices of the Refugees! No War! No up to Refugee Week. Institute for War and Bristol Omnibus Co in 1963. Racism! and to challenge Choose two from the Peace Reporting Venue: St George the 9pm curfew imposed on following four workshops - www.iwpr.net Community College, Aboriginal youths in Baxter. Working with local Russell Town Avenue, Venue: Port Augusta, journalists, Writing a Press, Outrage! Bristol BS5 Australia Face-to-face interviews and http://outrage.nabumedia.co For more info and to For more info, visit Organising a media m/ reserve your place, contact www.baxter2003.baxterwat campaign Paul Stephenson on 0117 ch.net Venue: Lancaster Hall Quick Response 962 3638 or Peter Courier Hotel, 35 Craven Terrace, www.quickresponse.nu on 0117 929 7899 Thursday 24 April 6.30pm London W2 3EL. Close to CARDIFF MEDIA FORUM Paddington and Lancaster Refugee Action Tuesday 8 April 6.30pm Organised by the RAM Gate tube stations. http://www.refugee- KENT MEDIA FORUM Project and the Refugee For more info and to book action.org/ Organised by the RAM Media Group in Wales, a your place, contact Anna Project, in partnership the forum to bring together

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