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Sericulture Scenario in Nepal – a Re-Emerging Industry for Poverty Alleviation in Nepal

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Sericulture Scenario in Nepal – a Re-Emerging Industry for Poverty Alleviation in Nepal Executive Summary Silk as the Queen of textile fibre has always been in high demand for its strength, smoothness, healthy and environmental friendly fibre. Silk is witnessing a new era of global demand, which may rise in the next millennium. Asia is the home of sericulture and often referred as the starting point of the ancient Silk Road. It is recorded that domestication of silkworm originated somewhere at the foothills of Himalayas. While silk production in Asia has declined, it is currently produced by 60 countries in the world. In SAARC region, silk is produced in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The studies showed that silk is in high demand in all SAARC Countries. The major silk consumers of the world are; USA, Italy, Japan, India, France, China, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany, UAE, Korea, and Vietnam. In India, sericulture has emerged as the most important cash crop with minimum investment, low gestation period, high employment potential and highly remunerative return. It is well suited to the agrarian economy. It involves simple technology, which is easy to understand and adopt. Sericulture has provided downstream employment and income generation in rural and semi-urban areas, high participation for low-income and socially under privileged groups. Sericulture is the activity of low investment and high output. Sericulture sector has the potential to provide employment at all levels (household, community and industrial). Indian models have displayed the successes in women empowerment, income generation, thus alleviation of poverty and socio-economic problems of the region. Keeping in view of the emerging popularity of sericulture, the International Sericultural Commission (ISC) in 2012 invited SAARC to initiate a regional collaboration to revive the industry in the region. SAARC deputed a 2 member delegation from SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) to visit ISC in Bengaluru, India during 9th to 12th April, 2014. The visit culminated to two major actions, (i) development of a MoU of collaboration between SAARC and ISC on research and development in sericulture, and (ii) to organize a SAC-ISC Regional Consultation Meeting on sericulture for SAARC Countries. Accordingly, the SAC and ISC have jointly organized the SAARC Regional Consultation Meeting on sericulture at Mysore during 24th to 28th August 2015. The Regional Study and Consultation Meeting was organized with the following objectives: 1. To document the scenario of silk production and consumption in the region and identify gaps and concerns plaguing the sector, and 2. To assess the potential of sericulture industry in SAARC region and devise suitable plans and strategies for its orderly development. vi Under the guidance and support of SAC Governing Board Members, National Experts were identified (focal points) to prepare a comprehensive technical report on sericulture in their respective countries. All (8) Member States participated in preparing the country status papers. In addition, five eminent sericulture scientists from India were requested to prepare full paper on five specific topics. Accordingly, the Regional Consultative Meeting was conducted during 25-26 August 2015 at Hotel Regalis, Mysore, India. The meeting was followed by visit to the Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysore, the premier R&D Institute in India, Silkworm Seed Production Centre, Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI), Bangalore, farmer’s fields, private sericulture facilities and government silk mills. The participants also visited the International Sericultural Commission and Central Silk Board in Bengaluru. This compilation is a comprehensive collection of papers that provides an overview of sericulture in SAARC Region. The first section of the book presents a synthesis of all the country papers that helps in presenting a regional overview of the industry. The subsequent section presents respective country papers put in alphabetical order. The third group comprises a keynote paper and five invited special papers from scientists of Central Silk Board of India. The final section presents the proceeding of the Regional Consultation Meeting and recommendations. Some of the most important recommendations are given below which necessitate immediate attention of SAC, ISC and the Country Representatives:. - Formulate a Perspective Plan for the integrated development of silk industry for next 10 years (2016-2025) and Action Plan for next two years by 31st March 2016 for the SAARC Region, - Initiate multilateral collaborative research project under the aegis of SAARC- ISC MoU for sharing seri-genetic resources and technologies among SAARC Member countries and promote sericulture as an environment friendly sustainable economic activity, - Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Srilanka, and Maldives to enroll International Sericulture Commission as Member Countries, - Depute ISC Volunteer Experts to the SAARC countries and utilize their services for feasibility/project formulation/institutional study, and - Plan and organize training on Sericulture and Silk Industry for the candidates nominated from SAARC countries at CSRTI, Mysore. The meeting witnessed active participation from all the 8 country representatives, This occasion provided the delegates a unique opportunity to study the successful model of sericulture practiced in India for replicating in their respective countries. It was evident that the country representatives and experts realized that sericulture can be an alternative socio-economic-ecological enterprise in SAARC region that can facilitate rural employment, income generation and ecological management. vii Sericulture Scenario in SAARC region: A re-emerging industry for poverty alleviation in SAARC Region Synthesis Rajashekar Krishnan1 and Tayan Raj Gurung2 1Scientist, Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Government of India, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura Mysore 570008, Karnataka, India. 2Senior Program Specialist (NRM), SAARC Agriculture Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh Introduction The eight South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations comprise 3% of the world‟s area with over 21% of its total population. The economy of the region with a total population of over 1.70 billion is predominantly agrarian with about 22.65% of its population still below poverty line. The percentage of below poverty line population ranges from 8.90% in Sri Lanka to 31.5% in Bangladesh. The GDP growth rate among the member nations during 2014 ranged from a mere 3.2% in Afghanistan to an impressive 7.3% in India. Driven by a strong economic expansion in many countries in the region, in the recent past, South Asia has become the fastest-growing region in the world. As of 2015, foreign exchange reserves of SAARC nations stand at US$ 411 billion. The SAARC policies aim to promote welfare economics, collective self-reliance among the countries of South Asia, and to accelerate socio-cultural development in the region. One of the major challenges faced by the nations in the region is to provide sustainable livelihood means for the population in the rural and semi-urban areas, where there is abundant traditional knowledge and skills required for agro-based and traditional avocations. The ever increasing exodus of young productive population from the rural areas to the urban centers has contributed to several socio-economic and ecological disasters in addition to non-availability of productive manpower for agro-based rural enterprises. The situation warrants immediate action to identify economic activities/rural enterprises suitable for specific regions, draw up programmes that are aimed at providing employment and adequate remuneration to the rural and semi-urban poor. At the same time, it is also important that the activities envisaged to be propagated are environment friendly and acceptable to the socio-religious sensibilities of the target group. 1 In this background, it is proven that sericulture and silk industry serve as an effective tool to substantially alleviate poverty in the region. The belief that sericulture can be a long term sustainable rural enterprise is eminently supported by the progress achieved by some member countries like India, growing domestic and global demand for silk products, availability of relatively inexpensive labour, congenial agro-climatic zones for sericulture, socio-religious importance for silk products in the region etc. In addition, the recent advances made in the area of development of appropriate technologies and replicable models of extension and management, can be adopted all over the region with or without modifications, further strengthen the case for choosing sericulture and silk industry as an effective tool for poverty alleviation in SAARC region. Historical perspective Though there are claims that silk was made in India as early as 4000 B.C., historians credit its discovery to China during 2640 B.C. In the SAARC region, sericulture probably took its first steps in India on the fertile tract between the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers during 400 A.D., courtesy a Chinese princess married to an Indian prince who is believed to have smuggled seeds of mulberry and silkworm hidden in her headgear. Sericulture thrived in India in the regions of Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir prior to taking roots in the southern peninsular India during 1780s, owing to the efforts of the then ruler of Mysuru, Tippu Sultan. The industry grew under the auspices of rulers and visionaries
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