DOCSLIB.ORG

Identifying the Protection Status of Vulnerable and Endangered Plant Species in the Tropical Dry Forest of Colombia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identifying the Protection Status of Vulnerable and Endangered Plant Species in the Tropical Dry Forest of Colombia Identifying the protection status of vulnerable and endangered plant species in the Tropical Dry Forest of Colombia Bachelor thesis Reineke van Tol Future Planet Studies Major Biology University of Amsterdam Supervisor: Dr. Suzette G.A. Flantua Examiner: Dr. Daniel Kissling Project leader: Dr. Mauricio Diazgranados June 2017 Abstract Colombia comprises many of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. Many of these areas are highly threatened and rapidly losing valuable species. The tropical dry forest (TDF) is the most threatened and neglected ecosystem, while harbouring unique and very vulnerable plant species. The conservation status of these species is to a great extend unknown. In this study, a new method is applied to identify Important Plant Areas (IPAs) for conservation that contain a significant amount of Prioritized Plant Species (PPS). Through a spatial analysis in ArcGIS, the protection status of the PPS and current threats are analysed. The results of this study show that the currently protected areas are not sufficiently protecting PPS in the Colombian dry forest. The study also shows that the newly proposed method can be applied in several ways. Climate change, coal mining and land-use seem to be the most important threats for TDF-PPS in Colombia. Results of this study contribute to the conservation of Colombia’s rich and unique biodiversity as well as to the establishment of a new IPA analysis method. Keywords: Colombia, Conservation, GIS, Important Plant Areas (IPAs), Prioritized Plant Species (PPS), Threats, Tropical dry forest (TDF) 2 Table of contents 1. Introduction p. 4 2. Methods p. 5 2.1 Main question p. 5 2.1.1 Data collection p. 5 2.1.2 IPA criteria p. 5 2.1.3 Analysis methods p. 6 2.1.4 Practical steps p. 7 2.1.5 Analysis p. 9 2.2 Sub-questions 2 and 3: Land use and Threats p. 10 3. Results p. 10 3.1 IPAs p. 10 3.1.1 Integrated p. 13 3.2 Land use and threats p. 16 3.2.1 Land use p. 16 3.2.2 Threats p. 16 3.2.2.1 Protection p. 17 3.2.2.2 Global threats and climate change p. 17 3.2.2.3 Mining p. 18 3.2.2.4 Coca production p. 20 4. Discussion p. 22 4.1 IPA method p. 22 4.2 Identifying threats p. 22 4.3 Data availability and accessibility p. 23 5. Conclusion and recommendations p. 23 5.1 Conclusions p. 23 5.2 Reflection & recommendations p. 24 Acknowledgements p. 25 References p. 25 Appendix 1: Used GIS layers p. 29 Appendix 2: IPA thresholds p. 30 Appendix 3: PSS list p. 31 Appendix 4: IPA results p. 32 Appendix 5: R scripts p. 35 Appendix 6: Team of collaborators p. 37 3 1. Introduction Colombia has been identified as one of the 17 megadiverse countries in world, harbouring many biodiversity hotpots (Mittermeier et al., 1997). This means that the country holds a great variety of endemic species, while suffering from severe losses in species and habitat in the meantime (Meyers et al., 2000). These hotspots span over a wide geographical range and comprise a high variety of biomes. In general, all of them have been prioritized for conservation, but proper management is still lacking in many places (Brooks et al., 2002). Moreover, Knight et al. (2008) reported that although there is a lot of knowledge on nature conservation, this knowledge is often not translated into action. Within the range of tropical ecosystems, the tropical dry forest (TDF) is the most threatened (Wilson, 1988). Miles et al. (2006) identified major threats for dry forests on a global scale, namely climate change, fire, deforestation conversion for agriculture and human population growth. Armenteras et al. (2003) reported that, although a major part of the fragmentation is natural, tropical dry forests are highly degraded and fragmented and over 98% is unprotected. Less than 2% is sufficiently intact to deserve attention from traditional conservationists (Wilson, 1988). Overall dry forests have been poorly studied and have received substantially less attention for conservation than other neotropical biomes. Also, spatial representation of biome maps, mainly of extremely fragmented areas, is highly insufficient to represent the TDF (Särkinen et al., 2011). The TDF forms a unique habitat due to the fact that it experiences a prolonged dry season of 4 to 7 months. Where the forest is uniformly green during the wet season, during the dry season it changes into a highly heterogenic system. Differential drying rates of vegetation and soil types give rise to a high variety of different niches that are only suitable for very specialized species that can handle the harsh circumstances (Wilson, 1988). Banda et al. (2016) confirmed the fact that TDF species are highly specialized and found that dry forest floristic groups experience high species turnover at relatively small spatial scales, resulting in extremely high species endemism. Only a few species are widespread or shared across dry forest fragments, meaning that losing fragments would result in major loss of biodiversity. Also, dry forests provide important ecosystem services, including soil stabilization, prevention of erosion and desertification, water regulation and contribution to productivity of agriculture and livestock farming (Pizano & García, 2014). Colombia comprises a significant proportion of these poorly protected but highly biodiverse dry forest fragments (Portillo-Quintero & Sánchez-Azofeifa, 2010). Over 90% of the Colombian TDF has been lost due to deforestation for agriculture. Of the remaining forest, less than 5% is formally protected (Pizano & García, 2014). However, although fragmented and highly unprotected, the Colombian dry forest harbours a great variety of endangered and vulnerable plant species (Pizano & García, 2014). Little is known about the effective conservation status of these species, making proper conservation management impossible. One way to assess the protection status of prioritized plant species (PPS) is to identify important plant areas (IPAs) for conservation based on the spatial distribution of PPS. This was done mainly for IPAs in Europe, but not yet for the tropics of South America. The Humboldt institute for biological research (IAvH, 2017) proposed a new method to identify IPAs in Colombia, based on the method of Anderson (2002) that was applied mainly in Europe. According to this method, an area is considered an IPA if it holds a significant percentage of the total plant population at local, regional or global scale. If IPAs lie significant outside protected areas, this is a major indication for poor conservation status of PPS in this study. I will use this approach to identify the conservation status of dry forest PPS in Colombia. Hereby contributing to the recently initiated Colombia Bio programme that aims to conserve Colombia’s rich biodiversity. The aim of this research is to investigate whether PPS in dry forest systems in Colombia currently fall under protection of officially protected areas and whether the newly addressed method is 4 suitable to address this question. Additionally, this study addresses sources of threats for PPSs falling both in and outside protected areas. Knowledge on threats and the conservation status of PPS is important for effective protection strategies of species in the tropical dry forest. Results of this study contribute to the conservation of one of the most neglected and rapidly disappearing ecosystems in Colombia. Moreover, this study contributes to the establishment of a new method to identify important plant areas for conservation. One main question and two additional questions are dressed in this research. The main question is: Are current protected dry forest areas in Colombia preserving the most important populations of PPS for conservation? Two additional questions are addressed, being (1) If PPS are not sufficiently protected, in what type of habitat do these unprotected PPS occur? And (2) What might be threats to populations of PPS both in and outside protected areas? Based on the literature discussed above, I expect the conservation status of TDF-PPS to be poor, meaning that a significant proportion of PPS falls outside protected areas. Also I expect that current land use practices and related deforestation for economic incentives form a major threat to the TDF-PPS. 2. Methods 2.1 Main question: Are current protected dry forest areas in Colombia preserving the most important populations of PPS for conservation? 2.1.1 Data collection PPSs were identified using dry forest species lists from Pizano & García (2014) and the Colombian biological catalogue CEIBA (Catalogador de Información Biológica). According to Anderson (2002), species indicated with CR (critically endangered), EN (endangered) and VU (vulnerable) are considered as PPS. Two categories of PPS were identified, based on the proposed method of IAvH (2017). Globally threatened (A1) species (16 species) were based on IUCN red list registration (‘lista roja’), whereas locally threatened species (A3) (21 species) were based on Colombian red lists (‘libro rojo’). The second category (A2) includes regionally threatened species, but unfortunately no regional red lists of tropical dry forest plants exist. Category A2 is therefore left out of this study. Distribution data of the identified PPS was obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Botanical Information and Ecological Network (BIEN). All data was processed in Excel (2016) and checked for irrelevant or incorrect records. Data without spatial reference was deleted. In total 11508 occurrences were left for analysis. Most GIS layers were obtained from Sistema de Información Ambiental de Colombia (SIAC) and some additional sources (Appendix 1 Table 1). 2.1.2 IPA criteria Criteria used for IPA analysis are as proposed by IAvH (2017): • For globally threatened species (A1) an area is considered an IPA if it holds ≥ 1% of the global population of one or more PPS. • For locally threatened species (A3), an area is considered an IPA if it holds ≥ 10% of the national population of one or more PPS.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Apresentação Do Powerpoint
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SISTEMÁTICA E EVOLUÇÃO CAPPARACEAE: FLORA DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE E BIOGEOGRAFIA NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO RAIMUNDO LUCIANO SOARES NETO ________________________________________________ Dissertação de Mestrado Natal/RN, fevereiro de 2015 RAIMUNDO LUCIANO SOARES NETO CAPPARACEAE: FLORA DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE E BIOGEOGRAFIA NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Mestre. Orientador: Dr. Jomar Gomes Jardim NATAL - RN 2015 Catalogação da Publicação na Fonte. UFRN / Biblioteca Setorial do Centro de Biociências Soares Neto, Raimundo Luciano. Capparaceae: flora do Rio Grande do Norte e biogeografia no semiárido brasileiro / Raimundo Luciano Soares Neto. – Natal, RN, 2015. 88 f.: il. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jomar Gomes Jardim. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução. 1. Caatinga – Dissertação. 2. Brassicales. – Dissertação. 3. Distribuição geográfica. – Dissertação. I. Jardim, Jomar Gomes. II. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. III. Título. RN/UF/BSE-CB CDU 574 BANCA EXAMINADORA ____________________________________________________________________ Dr. Jefferson Guedes de Carvalho Sobrinho (Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana – UEFS) ____________________________________________________________________ Dr. Leonardo de Melo Versieux (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN) ____________________________________________________________________ Dr. Jomar Gomes Jardim (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN) Orientador NATAL – RN 2015 À minha mãe e minha avó, que sempre dedicaram suas vidas por mim. AGRADECIMENTOS Certamente nem todos serão mencionados e nem por isso deixam de ter importância.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertação-Nathalie-Loureiro.Pdf
    MONITORAMENTO DE PLANTIOS E REGENERAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES LENHOSAS EM ÁREAS DE RESTINGA NA RPPN FAZENDA CARUARA, SÃO JOÃO DA BARRA, RJ. NATHALIE MARIA LOUREIRO DA CRUZ UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE DARCY RIBEIRO– UENF CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES – RJ JULHO DE 2017 MONITORAMENTO DE PLANTIOS E REGENERAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES LENHOSAS EM ÁREAS DE RESTINGA NA RPPN FAZENDA CARUARA, SÃO JOÃO DA BARRA, RJ. NATHALIE MARIA LOUREIRO DA CRUZ Dissertação apresentada ao Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcelo Trindade Nascimento Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ Julho de 2017 II III MONITORAMENTO DE PLANTIOS E REGENERAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES LENHOSAS EM ÁREAS DE RESTINGA NA RPPN FAZENDA CARUARA, SÃO JOÃO DA BARRA, RJ. NATHALIE MARIA LOUREIRO DA CRUZ Dissertação apresentada ao Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais Aprovada em 07 de junho de 2017 Comissão Examinadora: __________________________________________________________________ Dra. Ângela Pierre Vitória (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro) __________________________________________________________________ Dr. Luis Fernando Tavares de Menezes (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo) __________________________________________________________________ Dr. Luiz Roberto Zamith Coelho Leal (Universidade Federal Fluminense) __________________________________________________________________ Dr. Marcelo Trindade Nascimento (UENF) (orientador) IV “Entre as imagens que mais profundamente marcaram minha mente, nenhuma excede a grandeza das florestas primitivas, poupadas da mutilação pela mão do homem. Ninguém pode passar por essas solidões intocado, sem sentir que existe mais dentro do homem do que a mera respiração do seu corpo”.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Mesoamericana, Volumen 2 (3), Capparaceae, Página 1 De 42 Última Revisión Del Autor, 15 Nov. 2013. Incialmente Publicad
    Flora Mesoamericana, Volumen 2 (3), Capparaceae, página 1 de 42 Última revisión del autor, 15 nov. 2013. Incialmente publicada en el sitio internet de la Flora Mesoamericana, 8 ene. 2014. 117. CAPPARACEAE Descripción de la familia y clave genérica por X. Cornejo y H.H. Iltis. Arbustos, árboles o a veces trepadoras leñosas; inermes, glabros o con tricomas desde simples o estrellados de varios tipos hasta peltados o furfuráceos; ramas por lo general con lenticelas; hojas con frecuencia siempreverdes, alternas, dísticas o espiraladas, rara vez opuestas, simples o palmadas y entonces 3-folioladas, los folíolos enteros, pinnatinervios; pecioladas a (sub)sésiles, los pecíolos a veces con pulvínulos; estípulas diminutas o ausentes; a veces con nectarios extraflorales supraaxilares (Cynophalla (DC.) J. Presl); inflorescencias en racimos, umbelas, corimbos, panículas, o las flores solitarias, con frecuencia terminales, con brácteas o rara vez sin ellas, las flores actinomorfas o zigomorfas; cáliz valvado, imbricado o decusado; sépalos 2-4(-7, en Crateva L.), libres o en pocas ocasiones unidos; pétalos 4, libres, iguales, por lo general desde blancos a verdosos hasta purpúreos; estambres (4-)6-numerosos, tan largos como los pétalos o mucho más largos que estos, las anteras basifijas o dorsifijas, con dehiscencia longitudinal; receptáculo aplanado o más o menos cupuliforme, los nectarios florales 4, episépalos dispuestos entre la corola y los estambres o en un disco nectarífero; ovario súpero, 1-4-locular, 2-4-carpelar, muy exerto sobre un ginóforo alargado, pocas veces (sub)sésil, el estilo ausente (excepto en Atamisquea Miers ex Hook. et Arn.), el estigma 1, sésil, truncado o capitado, óvulos numerosos por placenta, desde anátropos a campilótropos.
    [Show full text]
  • Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti for Use in Miami-Dade Landscapes1
    Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti For use in Miami-Dade Landscapes1 Haiti occupies the western one third of the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic the remainder. Of all the islands within the Caribbean basin Hispaniola possesses the most varied flora after that of Cuba. The plants contained in this review have been recorded as native to Haiti, though some may now have been extirpated due in large part to severe deforestation. Less than 1.5% of the country’s original tree-cover remains. Haiti’s future is critically tied to re- forestation; loss of tree cover has been so profound that exotic fast growing trees, rather than native species, are being used to halt soil erosion and lessen the risk of mudslides. For more information concerning Haiti’s ecological plight consult references at the end of this document. For present purposes all of the trees listed below are native to Haiti, which is why non-natives such as mango (the most widely planted tree) and other important trees such as citrus, kassod tree (Senna siamea) and lead tree (Leucanea leucocephala) are not included. The latter two trees are among the fast growing species used for re-forestation. The Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History’s Flora of the West Indies was an invaluable tool in assessing the range of plants native to Haiti. Not surprisingly many of the listed trees and shrubs 1 John McLaughlin Ph.D. U.F./Miami-Dade County Extension Office, Homestead, FL 33030 Page | 1 are found in other parts of the Caribbean with some also native to South Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF (Português (Brasil))
    575 Advances in Forestry Science Original Article Teor de umidade e perda de viabilidade de sementes de Cynophalla flexuosa Maria do Carmo Learth Cunha¹* Maria Amélia Santos de Souza¹ Rayssa de Medeiros Morais² Gregório Mateus Santana² ¹ Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande-PB, 58429-900 ² Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, s/n Zona Rural, Seropédica - RJ, 23890-000 *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Received: May 2018 / Accepted: February 2019 / Published: June 2019 storage for periods longer than six days for shade dried Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a relação entre o seeds, and three days for sun dried seeds. teor de umidade e a perda da viabilidade e vigor de Keywords: Vigor; Deterioration; Recalcitrant. sementes de Cynophalla flexuosa, feijão-bravo, pós dispersão; bem como saber em quanto tempo após coleta e Introdução posterior secagem (a sombra e ao sol) as sementes sofrem As sementes são muito importantes para a perpetuação comprometimento da viabilidade e vigor. Foram feitas da espécie e manutenção da variabilidade genética, sendo coletas e realizados tratamentos diferentes às sementes depositadas em bancos de sementes no solo após a dispersão, que influencia na distribuição geográfica, coletadas, em abril de 2015, sendo executado um experimento à sombra (experimento 1) e outro ao sol dinâmica, persistência e estrutura genética das populações (experimento 2). Usou-se quatro repetições de 25 sementes naturais (Clobert et al. 2012). O armazenamento das sementes, assim, é fundamental para a silvicultura e visa o para o teste de emergência e três repetições de 30 sementes para a determinação do teor de umidade.
    [Show full text]
  • Ríos-Franceschi Et Al. 2016
    Life: The Excitement of Biology 3(4) 254 Spatiotemporal Changes of the Herpetofaunal Community in Mount Resaca and Luis Peña Cay, Culebra National Wildlife Refuge, Culebra, Puerto Rico1 Alejandro Ríos-Franceschi2,3, Juan G. García-Cancel3, Fernando J. Bird-Picó3, and Luis D. Carrasquillo3 Abstract: Culebra, which is an archipelago that forms part of the Puerto Rican Bank, has had a limited scope of biological studies, provided the basis for this work. Culebra’s terrestrial resources were disturbed since the early 1900’s until the 1970’s. Since the 1970’s, a natural reserve, called the Culebra National Wildlife Refuge, has been managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The purpose of this research is to update the species list of reptiles and amphibians on the Island as well as to examine how spatial and temporal changes affect the diversity and abundance of its herpetofauna. Twenty species of reptiles and amphibians placed in thirteen families were identified. Two new records for Mount Resaca are Eleutherodactylus coqui Thomas, 1966 and Eleutherodactylus cochranae Grant, 1932. Meanwhile, Anolis pulchellus Duméril and Bibron, 1837 is a new record for the Luis Peña Cay. Mount Resaca has greater species richness, ten more species than the Luis Peña Cay, three species of amphibians and seven species of reptiles. The differences in herpetofaunal biodiversity (e.g. Shannon Wiener, Simpson’s Index and Margalef’s Index) between Mount Resaca and the Luis Peña Cay were statistically significant. Abiotic factors, such as temperature and humidity, and biotic factors, such as vegetation and the presence of other animal species, possibly influence the relative abundances within these communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Capparaceae Juss. Del Departamento Del Atlántico, Colombia Capparaceae Juss
    Aura Carolina Aguirre De la Hoz et al. Ciencia en Desarrollo, Vol. 8 No. 1 ISSN 0121-7488 – Enero-Junio de 2017, pp. 51-69 Capparaceae Juss. del departamento del Atlántico, Colombia Capparaceae Juss. from Atlántico deparment, Colombia Aura Carolina Aguirre De la Hoz a* Thirza Ruiz Zapata b Recepción: 17 de noviembre de 2016 Aceptación: 29 de diciembre de 2016 Abstract Capparaceae Juss. is a widely distributed family in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. The principal objetive of this research was to realize the taxonomic, morphological, etnobotanical and chorological study of the taxa of the family Capparaceae in the Atlántico department (Colombia); the department was crossed and specimens were collected, which were processed according to classical taxonomic techniques. As a result, a synopsis of the Capparaceae family is presented. It includes keys for the separation of the taxa and descriptions of the morphological characters of the species that grow in the department, as well as their synonyms, common nouns and uses. Seven genera (Belencita, Capparidastrum, Crateva, Cynophalla, Monilicarpa, Morisonia and Quadrella) and fourteen species are reported. Cynophalla is the most diverse genus, in addition, Cynophalla polyantha (Triana & Planch.) Cornejo & Iltis is registred for the first time in the Atlántico department. Keywords: morphology, Cynophalla, distribution, taxonomy. Resumen Capparaceae Juss. es una familia de distribución amplia en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, particularmente en zonas áridas y semiáridas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar el estudio taxonómico, morfológico, etnobotánico y corológico de los taxones de la familia Capparaceae presentes en el departamento del Atlántico (Colombia); para esto se recorrió el departamento y se recolectaron especímenes, los cuales se procesaron según técnicas taxonómicas clásicas.
    [Show full text]
  • An Answer to Global Flora
    NOTES ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF NEOTROPICAL CAPPARACEAE: AN ANSWER TO GLOBAL FLORA XAVIER CORNEJO1 Abstract. The 90 new combinations on Neotropical Capparaceae published in The Global Flora (Plant Gateway, 2018) are here discussed and clarified. On the basis of morphologic and molecular studies, the name ofMorisonia L. cannot be applied in a broad sense for all Neotropical Capparaceae. Therefore, the names proposed by Christenhusz and Byng are placed in synonymy here. Keywords: Capparaceae, Neotropics, nomenclature The Global Flora, Vol. 4, published by Plant Gateway 2010; Iltis and Cornejo 2007, 2011), and their efforts (2018), provides 3,286 new combinations, 90 belonging are greatly supported by previous phylogenetic analysis to Neotropical Capparaceae discussed in this note. All (Cardinal-McTeague et al., 2016) and in this analysis.” are regarded here as inconsistent, erratic, and without The only exception was the barely polyphyletic condition nomenclatural value. of Capparidastrum (Cardinal-McTeague et al., 2016; not Plant Gateway (2018) presents an incomplete list of mentioned in Tamboli et al., 2018), which was subsequently Capparaceae in which the great morphological diversity solved with the establishment of Neocapparis (Cornejo, of the former Capparis s.l. from the New World has been 2017), providing stable, natural, and morphologically and dramatically reduced to a single genus, Morisonia L., molecularly well-defined genera of Capparaceae in the New without any discussion about morphology and without World. providing a new generic
    [Show full text]
  • CORRIGIDO.Indd
    Rodriguésia 70: e00232018. 2019 http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201970088 Original Paper Synopsis of Capparaceae to the flora of Colombia Jorge David Mercado-Gómez1,2,5,6, Mailyn Adriana González3 & María Eugenia Morales-Puentes4 Abstract A taxonomic synopsis of Capparaceae distributed in Colombia was carried out reviewing 1,800 botanical specimens from 13 herbaria in Colombia, five international institutions and close to 100 field collected specimens. We found 32 species and ten genera according to the last taxonomic modification proposed for this family. From these species, we reevaluated the conventional features used on the species identification, from which detailed description for each species and taxonomic keys were developed. In addition, geographic distribution maps in Colombia, and information about vernacular names and Neotropical distribution was added. Key words: Capparaceae, Neotropic, species, taxa, taxonomy. Resumo Foi realizada uma sinopse taxonômica de Capparaceae da Colômbia e sua distribuição com a revisão de 1.800 amostras botânicas de 13 herbários da Colômbia, cinco instituições internacionais e cerca de 100 amostras coletadas em campo. Foram encontradas 32 espécies e oito gêneros de acordo com a última modificação taxonômica proposta para esta família. A partir dessas espécies, reavaliamos as características convencionais usadas na identificação de espécies, a partir das quais se realizou uma ampliação de descrições detalhadas de cada espécie. Além disso, foram adicionados mapas de distribuição geográfica na Colômbia e informações sobre nomes vernáculos e distribuição neotropical. Palavras-chave: Capparaceae, Neotrópico, espécie, taxa, taxonomia. Introduction spinosa L., (Quattrocchi 2000). After describing Capparaceae is a family of approximately Capparis, Jussieu referred to the species of this 40–45 genera and 700–800 species distributed group using the unofficial name Capparides.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeografía De La Conservación De Cynophalla (DC.) J.Presl (Capparaceae)
    Biogeografía de la conservación de Cynophalla (DC.) J.Presl (Capparaceae) Conservation biogeography of Cynophalla (DC.) J.Presl (Capparaceae) Aura Carolina Aguirre De la Hoz Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Área Curricular en Bosques y Conservación Ambiental Medellín, Colombia 2019 Biogeografía de la conservación de Cynophalla (DC.) J.Presl (Capparaceae) Conservation biogeography of Cynophalla (DC.) J.Presl (Capparaceae) Aura Carolina Aguirre De la Hoz Trabajo de investigación presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de: Magíster en Bosques y conservación ambiental Director: Ph.D. (c) Jorge Pérez Zabala Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Área Curricular en Bosques y Conservación Ambiental Medellín, Colombia 2019 IV Biogeografía de la conservación de Cynophalla (DC.) J.Presl (Capparaceae) Agradecimientos Los agradecimientos se quedan cortos para todas aquellas personas que me han apoyado en este proceso: Al profesor Jorge Pérez Zabala, director de este proyecto y quien me ha acompañado en este proceso. Además de ser un excelente educador, es una gran persona. A los herbarios MEDEL, HUA y QCA por permitirme revisar las colecciones de Cynophalla. Al profesor Kenneth Cabrera y su monitor del laboratorio, César, por sus orientaciones y ayuda incondicional cada vez que podían. A la profesora Thirza Ruiz, quien una vez más estuvo pendiente de mi proyecto y me ayudó con registros de Venezuela. A Jorge Mercado y su familia por encontrarme y guiarme en el momento que más lo necesitaba. A mis amigas del Club de Rugby Cabras, por ser un permanente apoyo durante mi estadía en Medellin y mi mejor terapia. A mi familia por apoyarme de todas las formas posibles para la realización de esta maestría.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Home Gardenscapes for the Promotion Of
    ABSTRACT HOME GARDENSCAPES FOR THE PROMOTION OF ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL PLANT DIVERSITY ON SINT EUSTATIUS, DUTCH CARIBBEAN by Briana N. Berkowitz Home gardens are an important topic for geographic research due to their potential to contribute at the intersection between plant diversity conservation and local livelihoods. Home gardens have the potential to be sites of ecological restoration, transforming a small-scale landscape through higher plant richness and density. This study looks at home gardenscapes on St. Eustatius, a small Caribbean island, focusing on all plants growing in a home area. Field research between June and July 2016 aimed to determine how home gardenscapes contribute to botanical measures and cultural perceptions of plant diversity, and how St. Eustatians value the importance of their gardens to their homes and livelihoods. Through a floristic and ethnobotanical survey of plants growing in home areas, I found 277 plant species, indicating high levels of plant diversity, as well as 260 plants with uses. Interviews with home gardeners indicated that home gardening could be difficult due to drought and pests, but also that gardens contributed to their livelihoods, especially through the production of edible plants and for small incomes. Gardening was reported to be a declining activity on St. Eustatius, but this study shows how gardening activities support plant diversity and livelihoods across the island’s highly-modified landscape. HOME GARDENSCAPES FOR THE PROMOTION OF ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL PLANT DIVERSITY ON SINT EUSTATIUS, DUTCH CARIBBEAN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Briana N.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S1. Floristic and Ethnobotanical Inventory of Plants Confirmed in the Surveyed Gardenscapes on St. Eustatius. Nomenclature
    Table S1. Floristic and ethnobotanical inventory of plants confirmed in the surveyed gardenscapes on St. Eustatius. Nomenclature and plant origins as native or non-native follow Plants of the Eastern Caribbean, an online database maintained by the University of the West Indies in Barbados, Acevedo-Rodriguiz and Strong’s (2012) “Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies,” Rojer’s (1997) floristic inventory of St. Eustatius, and a report by van der Burg (2012) on naturalized and invasive plants in the Dutch Caribbean. Common names (in bold) were provided by the study participants and local field assistants, or shown on display at the St. Eustatius National Parks (STENAPA) botanical garden. Plant types include trees (t), shrubs (s) or herbs (h), and origins are reported as native or non-native introduced (int), naturalized (nat) or invasive (inv). Ethnobotanical use categories include ecosystem services (ES), food (F), health remedies (HR), material uses (M), and symbolic services (SS). Voucher specimens (BB) were deposited at Miami University’s Turrell Herbarium (MU). Acanthaceae Barleria lupulina Lindl. (hop-headed barleria) - s, non-native (int). ES: ornamental. BB141. Blechum pyramidatum (Lam.) Urb. - h, native. = Ruellia blechum L. Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griffith (caricature plant) - s, non-native (int). ES: ornamental. Hemigraphis sp. Nees - h, non-native (int). ES: ornamental. Justicia carnea Lindl. - s, non-native (int). ES: ornamental. BB134. Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin - s, non-native (int). ES: ornamental. BB101, BB126. Ruellia tuberosa L. (fever root) - h, native. ES: ornamental. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus dubius C. Martius (callaloo) - h, native. F: makes a good side dish. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (wormbush) - h, native.
    [Show full text]