Anarquia Informacion

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Anarquia Informacion anarquia informacion PDF generado usando el kit de herramientas de fuente abierta mwlib. Ver http://code.pediapress.com/ para mayor información. PDF generated at: Fri, 20 Jun 2014 14:43:20 UTC Contenidos Artículos Anarquía 1 Anarquismo 4 Anonymous 54 Anarquismo en España 58 Anarcosindicalismo 113 Anarcocapitalismo 119 Anarcopunk 139 Referencias Fuentes y contribuyentes del artículo 141 Fuentes de imagen, Licencias y contribuyentes 142 Licencias de artículos Licencia 144 Anarquía 1 Anarquía La palabra anarquía proviene del griego ἀναρχία, anarchía (de ἄναρχος, ánarchos, prefijo ἀν, an, que significa 'no' o 'sin', y sustantivo ἀρχός, archós, que significa 'dirigente', 'soberano' o 'gobierno')[1] y sirve para designar aquellas situaciones donde se da la ausencia de Estado o poder público[2] volviendo inaplicable el monopolio de la fuerza sobre un territorio. A diferencia de la autarquía (uno mismo-gobierno), un concepto de filosofía moral, la anarquía se refiere a una situación del orden político. En la filosofía política la palabra anarquía es polisémica, usándose como caos político o como forma de gobierno. En materia de doctrina de relaciones internacionales se llama anarquía a la apreciación de que los Estados son autónomos frente al derecho internacional en la medida que no existe un gobierno mundial por sobre los gobiernos nacionales. Caos político Un caos político puede ser producido tras el colapso de un Estado al no poder aplicar la ley sobre su territorio (ver: estado fallido), o por medio de un grave conflicto institucional en que nadie alcanza a ejercer la jefatura del Estado o su reconocimiento está en disputa (ver: acefalía de gobierno). Algunos ejemplos de esta acepción de la palabra son: • La anarquía del siglo III. • La anarquía inglesa. • El Terror.[3] • La organización de la República de Chile y la acefalía del Ejecutivo (Chile). • La anarquía del año XX y la acefalía presidencial en Argentina. • La anarquía en Somalia.[4] • La anarquía en Albania. Sociedades organizadas sin estado En este caso se prescinde de Estado y las instituciones son formadas por el libre acuerdo sin usar la fuerza para obligar a otros. En términos generales el anarquismo plantea una sociedad políticamente organizada sin Estado.[5][6][7] La idea común de los anarquistas es que consideran que el Estado es innecesario y también directamente perjudicial en la medida en que atenta contra las libertades de los individuos. Este concepto de anarquía es sinónimo de acracia, llamada por algunos autores orden natural. Los anarquistas de diferentes corrientes difieren en gran medida de la forma exacta de esta sociedad ideal. El principio básico en que están de acuerdo es en la no-existencia de un Estado dentro de un sistema de no-agresión o anarquía. Dentro de este marco, la mayoría de tendencias anarquistas proponen que un sistema de Símbolo tradicional de la anarquía y el asociación voluntaria de un tipo u otro puede proporcionar los anarquismo. servicios para los cuales los seres humanos han confiado en las instituciones coercitivas externas del Estado. Las formas de asociación deseables y posibles en ausencia de Estado son objeto de numerosos debates, según lo expresado en los acalorados debates entre el moderno anarcocapitalismo (que propone que la propiedad privada y el mercado libre solucionen los problemas de convivencia) y el tradicional anarcosocialismo (que tiende a defender un sistema de planificación colectivista descentralizada de la sociedad). Algunos ejemplos de sociedades organizadas sin estado son: Anarquía 2 • Irlanda celta (Edad Antigua - 1607).[8] Los clanes o tuath eran las unidades políticas básicas y se formaban de personas unidas voluntariamente para propósitos sociales beneficiosos y la suma total de los terrenos de sus miembros constituía su dimensión geográfica, es decir, solamente abarcaban los territorios propios de sus miembros voluntarios. • Mancomunidad Islandesa (930 - 1262).[9] Las jefaturas del clan podían ser compradas y vendidas, y no existían monopolios geográficos, los individuos podían elegir voluntariamente la pertenencia a cualquier clan. • De existencia discutida,[10] la comunidad de Libertatia. En el marco de una utopía pirata, y en el contexto de la piratería de los siglos XVII y XVIII. • La comunidad cristiana creada en la colina de Saint George, en Inglaterra, por los Cavadores.[11] • Quilombo de los Palmares, Brasil siglos XVI y XVII,[12][13][14] • Anarquía en los Estados Unidos, un fenómeno del siglo XVII dado en algunas comunidades creadas por disidentes políticos y religiosos de las Trece Colonias americanas, al margen de la autoridad colonial.[15] • La Whiteway Colony, en el Reino Unido. • Como resultado de la revolución majnovista de corte anarcocomunista, existió entre enero de 1919 y agosto de 1921 el "Territorio Libre" o "Majnovia".[16][17] • Provincia Libre de Shinmin, Corea, (1929 - 1931), • Comunidades anarcosindicalistas en España durante la Revolución Española, aunadas en La Colectividad; como el anarcosindicalismo en Cataluña (21 de julio de 1936 - 14 de junio de 1937) y Aragón (6 de octubre de 1936 - 10 de agosto de 1937). • Ciudad libre de Christiania en Copenhague, Dinamarca (26 de septiembre de 1971 - presente). Allí gobierna La Asamblea General, formada por ciudadanos de la Christiania elegidos por democracia directa. Sus leyes son propias e independientes del Estado danés, por lo que no pagan impuestos al mismo. Referencias [1] Véase: • Anarchy (http:/ / www. merriam-webster. com/ dictionary/ anarchy), Diccionario Merriam-Webster online. • Anarchos (http:/ / www. perseus. tufts. edu/ cgi-bin/ ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999. 04. 0057:entry=#7439), A Greek-English Lexicon. • Diccionario Manual Griego VOX. Griego clásico-Español, ed. 18ª de VOX, p. 44. ISBN 84-8332-149-1 • Etimología de la palabra anarquía en Wiktionary (en inglés). [2] Entrada de anarquía (http:/ / buscon. rae. es/ draeI/ SrvltGUIBusUsual?TIPO_HTML=2& TIPO_BUS=3& LEMA=anarquía) en el Diccionario de la Lengua Española – Vigésimo segunda edición. [3] Durante la Revolución Francesa, el período de violencia brutal en la que muchos miembros de familias de altos gobernantes fueron asesinados ha sido descrito históricamente como Anarquía. El reinado de terror fue realizado principalmente por el ala radical igualitaria de la revolución. Los objetivos no sólo fueron los aristócratas sino también los pocos revolucionarios que fueron considerados demasiados moderados, y fueron enviados a la guillotina. Thomas Carlyle, ensayista escocés de la época victoriana conocido sobre todo por su muy influyente trabajo de la historia, Historia de la revolución francesa, escribió que la Revolución Francesa fue una guerra tanto contra la aristocracia como con la anarquía. [4] Del caso somalí existen apreciaciones diversas sobre su naturaleza política, como enfocarlo solamente como un estado fallido sumido en el caos, como también analizarlo como una sociedad organizándose sin estado a través de la ley consuetudinaria xeer. Ver y Better Off Stateless: Somalia Before and After Government Collapse (http:/ / www. peterleeson. com/ better_off_stateless. pdf) (de Peter Leeson) centrandose en una visión favorable de la anarquía somalí. Y en un sentido contrario, negando la anarquía somalí como orden sin gobierno, Walter Block en The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics. Review Essay (http:/ / mises. org/ journals/ qjae/ pdf/ qjae2_3_3. pdf) [5] Sheehan, Sean. Anarchism, Reaktion Books 2004, p. 25-26 "una distinción pertinente para el ideal anarquista es la diferencia entre el gobierno, refiriéndose al Estado, y gobierno, refiriéndose a la administración de un sistema político. Los anarquistas, como todos, tienden a utilizar la palabra gobierno como sinónimo de Estado, pero lo que es rechazado por la oposición apriori del anarquismo hacia el Estado no es el concepto de gobierno como tal, sino la idea de un Estado soberano que reclama y demanda obediencia, y si es necesario la vida, de sus súbditos" [6] La anarquía como orden político: "La anarquía es la máxima expresión del orden, basado en cosas naturales, sin coacciones ni violencia."Reclus. "La libertad no es la hija, sino la madre del orden."Proudhon [7] Anarquía significa sociedad organizada sin autoridad, entendiéndose por autoridad la facultad de imponer la propia voluntad, y no ya el hecho inevitable y benéfico de que quien mejor entienda y sepa hacer una cosa consiga con más facilidad hacer que se acepte su opinión, y sirva de guía, en esa cosa determinada, a aquellos que son menos capaces que él. Para nosotros, la autoridad no sólo no es necesaria para la Anarquía 3 organización social, sino que, además, vive de ella como parásito, impide su evolución y desarrolla sus ventajas en provecho casi exclusivo de una determinada clase que explota y oprime las demás. Mientras en una colectividad haya armonía de intereses, mientras nadie quiera o disponga de medios para explotar a los demás, no habrá huellas de autoridad; cuando sobrevienen las luchas intestinas y la colectividad se divide en vencedores y vencidos, entonces aparece la autoridad que, por supuesto, queda en manos de los más fuertes y sirve para confirmar, perpetuar y engrandecer su victoria. Así lo creemos, y por eso somos anarquistas; si no creyéramos posible una organización sin autoridad, seríamos autoritarios; porque preferimos aún la autoridad, que paraliza y entristece la vida, a la desorganización que la hace imposible. Pensiero e Volontà (http:/ / usuarios. lycos. es/ jhbadbad/ anarquia/ malatesta_a_y_a. htm), de Errico
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