+ Common Drugs of Abuse

Name Physical Symptoms Dangers Time Detectable Name Physical Symptoms Dangers Time Detectable

Amphetamines Long periods without rest or Disorientation, severe depression, Methamphetamine, Amphetamine Marijuana Altered perception, dilated pupils, Psychological dependence, 11-Nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9- sleep, loss of appetite, anxiety, paranoia, possible hallucinations, Urine: 1 to 3 days lack of concentration and increased heart rate, impaired carboxylic acid Look For: irritability, rapid speech, tremors, increase in blood pressure, fatigue Look For: coordination, craving for sweets, short-term memory, anxiety, lung Urine - occasional use: 1 to 3 days; Hair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length) Plastic baggies, rolling paper, Tablets of varying colors, possible mood elevation increased appetite, laughter habitual use: up to 30 days chain cigarette smoking Oral Fluid: 24 to 48 hours “roach” clips, odor of burnt rope damage, possible psychosis with chronic use Hair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length) Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Oral Fluid: up to 24-30 hours Anabolic Steroids Yellow tint skin color, Liver dysfunction, cardiovascular Multiple metabolites, some parent steroids acne, gynecomastia, gain in disease, hypertension, infertility Testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E) Look For: weight, accumulation of fluids, for detection of endogenous steroids abuse Oil-based injectable psychological disorders such as Urine: if drug taken orally: up to 4 weeks; Euphoria, empathetic and unusually Tachycardia, hypertension, 3-4 methylene dioxymethamphetamine intramuscular solutions MDMA aggressiveness. In females: marked if drug injected: 1.5 months up to 1+ year warm towards people, touch and hyperthermia, mydriasis, (MDMA) (ampoules, vials, syringes, Look For: 3-4 methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) bottles), tablets or lozenges for masculinization, deeper voice, sight senses often heightened diaphoresis, stimulant, White odorless crystalline entactogenic effects, Urine: 2 to 4 days oral administration, sprays, male-pattern hair growth powder, tablets in various skin lotions colors and stamped with visual hallucinations Hair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length) various patterns Oral Fluid: 24 to 48 hours

Barbiturates Depression, decreased alertness Rigidity and painful muscle Secobarbital, Butalbital, Pentobarbital, and muscle control, intoxication and contraction, emotional Amobarbital Phenobarbital Methadone Euphoria, drowsiness, Slow and/or shallow breathing, Methadone and metabolite Look For: slurred speech, drowsiness instability, possible overdose Urine (all except Phenobarbitol): 1 to 3 days respiratory depression, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, Urine: 1 to 3 days Capsules of varying colors, longer and death, especially when (short acting) Look For: periods of rest or sleep, dizziness, constricted pupils, nausea possible death mixed with alcohol Urine (Phenobarbital): 1 to 3 weeks White crystalline powder, tablets, cold and clammy skin liquid (injectable)

Shallow respiration, cold and Benzodiazepines Slurred speech, disorientation, Common Benzodiazepines and/or specific Insensitivity to pain, euphoria, Lethargy, weight loss, hepatitis, Hydrocodone - Vicodin®, Lortab® clammy skin, dilated pupils, Prescription Opiates drunken behavior without odor metabolites: Oxazepam, Nordiazepam, sedation, nausea, vomiting, slow and shallow breathing, Hydromorphone - Dilaudid®, Exalgo®, Look For: weak and rapid pulse, coma, of alcohol Temazepam (Restoril), Flurazepam Look For: itchiness, watery eyes, possible death Palladone® Pills and injection paraphernalia (Dalmane), Alprazolam (Xanax), possible death Capsules, tablets running nose Oxycodone - Endocet®, Oxycontin®, Lorazepam (Ativan), Chlordiazepoxide Percocet®, Percodan® Oxymorphone - (Librium), Clorazepate (Tranxene), Numorphan®, Opana® Diazepam (Valium), Halazepam (Paxipam), Urine: 1 to 3 days Medazepam (Nobrium),Prazepam (Centrax), Flunitrazepam, Clonazepam (Klonopin), Oral Fluid: 24 to 48 hours Midazolam (Versed) Urine: varies from 1 to 14 days (depending on specific Benzodiazepine) Opiates (Standard) Insensitivity to pain, euphoria, Lethargy, weight loss, hepatitis, Codeine, Morphine (MS Contin®, OraMorph®, sedation, nausea, vomiting, slow and shallow breathing, Roxanol®), Heroin Look For: itchiness, watery eyes, possible death Urine: 1 to 3 days Glassine envelopes, needles running nose Hair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length) Cocaine Short-lived euphoria changing to Shallow breathing, fever, anxiety, Benzoylecgonine and syringes, caps or spoons, depression, irritability, nervousness, tremors, possible death from Urine: 1 to 3 days tourniquets, needle marks on Oral Fluid: 24 to 36 hours Look For: tightness of muscles convulsions or respiratory arrest Hair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length) arms, capsules, tablets Glassine envelopes, razors, small Oral Fluid: 24 to 48 hours spoons, bitter white crystalline powder, granular rocks Phencyclidine Increased pulse and heart rate, blood Unpredictable behavior, flashbacks, Phencyclidine pressure and temperature, possible possible emotional instability and Urine - occasional use: 1 to 5 days; habitual use: up Tachycardia, hypertension, Look For: mood and perception alteration, psychosis, hallucinations to 30 days Ketamine Disassociative effects similar to Ketamine metabolite (dehydronorketamine) Liquid capsules, white or PCP, large doses put users into a nystagmus, respiratory Urine: 1 to 2 days brown powder on paper paranoia, panic, anxiety, nausea, Hair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length) Look For: dreamlike, hallucinogenic state depression, visual hallucinations, stamps, sugar cubes, cigarettes, tremors, suicidal urge Oral Fluid: 24 to 48 hours Liquid or white powder cataleptic state joints, injection paraphernalia

Propoxyphene Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, Skin rash and other allergic Norpropoxyphene LSD Mood-altering effects, flashbacks, Tachycardia, hypertension, Lysergic acid diethylamide euphoria, sysphoria, asthenia reactions occur occasionally Urine: 1 to 3 days hyperthermia, mydriasis, Look For: and may be accompanied by severe depression Urine: 8 hours Tablets, capsules Look For: lacrimation, visual hallucinations, drug fever and mucosal lesions, Colorless, odorless tablets or synthesias ataxia, tremors stupor or coma, convulsions, capsules (microdots), liquid respiratory depression solution on gelatin (window panes), liquid solution diluted and impregnated on blotting paper (blotter) Rohypnol Sedative effects, including amnesia, Respiratory depression, Flunitrazepam metabolite muscle relaxation and the slowing of hypotension, disorientation, (7-aminoflunitrazepam) Look For: psychomotor performance dizziness, visual disturbances, Urine: 1 to 3 days Odorless, tasteless, white tablet anterograde amnesia

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