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And Inter-Personal Emotion Regulation
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by YorkSpace EXAMINING INTRA- AND INTER-PERSONAL EMOTION REGULATION, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, WELL-BEING, AND RELATIONSHIP QUALITY IN EMERGING ADULTHOOD SAMANTHA CHAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO AUGUST 2019 Ó Samantha Chan, 2019 ii Abstract Identifying components of emotion regulation (ER) that contribute to emerging adults’ (18-29 years) psychosocial outcomes is crucial to promoting their development. This study aimed to identify emerging adults’ intra- and inter-personal ER strategy use and explore the associations between their ER strategy use and difficulties and psychosocial outcomes, including internalizing symptoms (depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress), well-being (subjective happiness and flourishing), and relationship quality. Results showed that emerging adults utilized a range of intra- (e.g., acceptance,) and inter-personal (e.g., enhancing positive affect) ER strategies. The structural equation modelling results indicated that emotion dysregulation was the strongest predictor of emerging adults’ psychosocial outcomes. Some ER strategies (e.g., positive reappraisal, enhancing positive affect) were more strongly associated with emerging adults’ psychosocial outcomes than other strategies. The findings highlight the links between intra- and inter-personal ER and emerging adults’ psychosocial outcomes and can inform mental health intervention programs for emerging adults. iii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Jennine Rawana for all of her invaluable advice and support with this research. -
Drug Prohibition and the Weakness of Public Policy
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 1994 Bad Trip: Drug Prohibition and the Weakness of Public Policy Randy E. Barnett Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1252 103 Yale L.J. 2593-2630 (1994) (reviewing Steven B. Duke & Albert C. Gross, AMERICA'S LONGEST WAR: RETHINKING OUR TRAGIC CRUSADE AGAINST DRUGS (1993)) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Legislation Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Book Review Bad Trip: Drug Prohibition and the Weakness of Public Policy America's Longest War: Rethinking Our Tragic Crusade Against Drugs. By Steven B. Duke & Albert C. Gross. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1993. Pp. xix, 348. $26.95. Randy E. Barnettt INTRODUCTION Popular support for drug prohibition-especially among those who have given the matter any thought-is like support for George Bush just after Operation Desert Storm: very broad and very thin. Perhaps some personal experiences of mine will illustrate why. Personal Anecdote Number One: In the early morning hours of February 24, 1979, Michael Salcedo, his brother Arthur, and their friend Frank Mussa decided to buy some marijuana. Because marijuana is illegal, they could not go to the same legitimate businesses that sell tobacco or alcohol. So the three young men set out for Latin Eagles territory on the north side of Chicago; specifically to King Kastle, a hamburger stand that gang members were known t Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law. -
Ecstasy Or Molly (MDMA) (Canadian Drug Summary)
www.ccsa.ca • www.ccdus.ca November 2017 Canadian Drug Summary Ecstasy or Molly (MDMA) Key Points Ecstasy and molly are street names for pills or tablets that are assumed to contain the active ingredient 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA). Although most people consuming ecstasy or molly expect the main psychoactive ingredient to be MDMA, pills, capsules and powder sold as ecstasy or molly frequently contain other ingredients (such as synthetic cathinones or other adulterants) in addition to MDMA and sometimes contain no MDMA at all. The prevalence of Canadians aged 15 and older reporting past-year ecstasy use is less than 1%. 1 in 25 Canadian youth in grades 10–12 have reported using ecstasy in the past 12 months. Introduction Ecstasy and molly are street names for pills, capsules or powder assumed to contain MDMA (3,4- methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine), a synthetically derived chemical that is used recreationally as a party drug. Pills are typically coloured and stamped with a logo. These drugs are made in illegal laboratories, often with a number of different chemicals, so they might not contain MDMA or contain MDMA in amounts that vary significantly from batch to batch. Other active ingredients found in tablets sold as ecstasy or molly in Canada in 2016–2017 include synthetic cathinones or “bath salts” such as ethylone, methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and its precursor methylenedioxyphenylpropionamide (MMDPPA). Other adulterants reported were caffeine, procaine, methylsulfonylmethane (MSA)and methamphetamine.1 In 2011–2012, paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) was present in pills sold as ecstasy in Canada. This adulteration resulted in the deaths of 27 individuals in Alberta and British Columbia over an 11-month period.2 Effects of Ecstasy Use The effects of ecstasy are directly linked to the active ingredients in the pill. -
(MDMA)- Induced Hyponatremia: Case Report and Literature Review
Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15223 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)- Induced Hyponatremia: Case Report and Literature Review Sherif Elkattawy 1 , Ahmed Mowafy 1 , Islam Younes 1 , Marina Tucktuck 2 , James Agresti 3 1. Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, USA 2. Internal Medicine, St. George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, GRD 3. Nephrology, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, USA Corresponding author: James Agresti, [email protected] Abstract 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA, or “ecstasy”, is a trending recreational drug used by the young crowd for obtaining "euphoria." Over the past few years, there have been multiple reports of teenagers committing suicide and suddenly dying post ingesting MDMA. Compared to other illicit drugs such as heroin, hash and cocaine, ecstasy is relatively new hence the popularity. There are multiple toxicities associated with MDMA, including but not limited to seizures, depression, liver failure, or thrombosis. However, in this report, we will focus on hyponatremia and one of the most feared complications of such electrolyte disturbance: seizures. The rapid reversal of the hyponatremia with hypertonic saline in such acute setting is key to reduce risk of cerebral swelling. We report a case of a young female with no past medical history who presented to emergency department post ecstasy use with tonic-clonic seizure and hyponatremia. Categories: Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Epidemiology/Public Health Keywords: mdma, ecstasy, hyponatremia, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, recreational drug Introduction 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or “ecstasy”) is a common recreational drug. MDMA has potent sympathomimetic and serotonergic effects. The serotonergic actions of MDMA are the presumed mechanism of euphoria and feeling of happiness among its users [1]. -
The Evolution of Animal Play, Emotions, and Social Morality: on Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, and Love
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 12-2001 The Evolution of Animal Play, Emotions, and Social Morality: On Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, and Love Marc Bekoff University of Colorado Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/acwp_sata Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, and the Comparative Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Bekoff, M. (2001). The evolution of animal play, emotions, and social morality: on science, theology, spirituality, personhood, and love. Zygon®, 36(4), 615-655. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Evolution of Animal Play, Emotions, and Social Morality: On Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, and Love Marc Bekoff University of Colorado KEYWORDS animal emotions, animal play, biocentric anthropomorphism, critical anthropomorphism, personhood, social morality, spirituality ABSTRACT My essay first takes me into the arena in which science, spirituality, and theology meet. I comment on the enterprise of science and how scientists could well benefit from reciprocal interactions with theologians and religious leaders. Next, I discuss the evolution of social morality and the ways in which various aspects of social play behavior relate to the notion of “behaving fairly.” The contributions of spiritual and religious perspectives are important in our coming to a fuller understanding of the evolution of morality. I go on to discuss animal emotions, the concept of personhood, and how our special relationships with other animals, especially the companions with whom we share our homes, help us to define our place in nature, our humanness. -
The Somatic Marker Hypothesis: a Neural Theory of Economic Decision
Games and Economic Behavior 52 (2005) 336–372 www.elsevier.com/locate/geb The somatic marker hypothesis: A neural theory of economic decision Antoine Bechara ∗, Antonio R. Damasio Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Received 8 June 2004 Available online 23 September 2004 Abstract Modern economic theory ignores the influence of emotions on decision-making. Emerging neuro- science evidence suggests that sound and rational decision making, in fact, depends on prior accurate emotional processing. The somatic marker hypothesis provides a systems-level neuroanatomical and cognitive framework for decision-making and its influence by emotion. The key idea of this hypothe- sis is that decision-making is a process that is influenced by marker signals that arise in bioregulatory processes, including those that express themselves in emotions and feelings. This influence can oc- cur at multiple levels of operation, some of which occur consciously, and some of which occur non-consciously. Here we review studies that confirm various predictions from the hypothesis, and propose a neural model for economic decision, in which emotions are a major factor in the interac- tion between environmental conditions and human decision processes, with these emotional systems providing valuable implicit or explicit knowledge for making fast and advantageous decisions. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction Modern economic theory assumes that human decision-making involves rational Bayesian maximization of expected utility, as if humans were equipped with unlim- ited knowledge, time, and information-processing power. The influence of emotions on * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. -
Why Does Smoking So Often Produce Dependence? a Somewhat Diverent View
62 Tobacco Control 2001;10:62–64 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.10.1.62 on 1 March 2001. Downloaded from COMMENTARY Why does smoking so often produce dependence? A somewhat diVerent view John R Hughes Abstract These explanations often give little emphasis The usual explanation for why smoking to the possibility that nicotine induces depend- produces dependence focuses on the ence because it produces beneficial eVects that eVects of nicotine on dopamine and other can help smokers cope with their environ- neurobiological explanations. This review ment.89 By beneficial eVects, I mean positive oVers four somewhat diVerent explana- eVects that are not due to relief of withdrawal tions: (1) nicotine can oVer several but rather are eVects above and beyond a “nor- psychopharmacological benefits at the age mal” baseline functioning.10 when such benefits are especially needed; Whether nicotine via smoking causes true (2) cigarettes provide for a rapid, beneficial eVects is, to many, debatable.891112 frequent, reliable and easy-to-obtain My belief (and that of others before me89) that reward; (3) nicotine is not intoxicating, nicotine can cause true beneficial eVects is allowing chronic intake; and (4) the long based on three sets of data. First, nicotine often duration of the nicotine withdrawal causes improvements in animals with no syndrome eVectively undermines cessa- history of nicotine exposure, in never smokers, tion. This article reviews the evidence for and in non-deprived smokers.8911 Second, the above views and the tobacco control most other drugs of dependence produce ben- activities these views suggest. eficial eVects—for example, cocaine produces (Tobacco Control 2001;10:62–64) stimulation and alcohol produces relaxation http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ Keywords: nicotine; substance use disorder; substance and increased confidence. -
A Little Shiny Gender Breakthrough": Community Understandings of Gender Euphoria
”A little shiny gender breakthrough": Community understandings of gender euphoria Presenter: Will Beischel (Brit Ellis, pinterest.com) Co-authors: Stephanie Gauvin and Dr. Sari van Anders : @WillBeischel : [email protected] 15 minute talk, questions at end of session I’m coming to you from Chicago, which is located on the traditional unceded homelands of the Council of the Three Fires: the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi Nations. I’m a PhD student in psychology and I’ll be presenting some empirical qualitative work today on gender euphoria that I've done with Stephanie Gauvin and Sari van Anders What is Gender Dysphoria? ● The distress arising from conflicts between a person’s gender identity or expression and their assigned gender/sex (American Psychiatric Association, 2016) ● Physical body (Pulice-Farrow, Cusack, Galupo, 2019) ● Social gendered experiences (Galupo, Pulice-Farrow, Lindley, 2019) ● Often seen as a diagnostic term 2 I’ll start with a term that is probably familiar to many if not all of you, gender dysphoria, which is the distress arising from conflicts between a person’s gender identity or expression and their assigned gender/sex. Just a note that I use gender/sex as an umbrella term to indicate the entanglement of people’s social genders with their physical, bodily sexes, though not everyone experiences it this way. Research has demonstrated that gender dysphoria can be about sex or the physical body, as with feelings of discord between a person’s sex characteristics and their gender/sex identity, and it can also arise from social gendered experiences, such as people using the wrong pronouns or name for someone. -
The Republican Theology of Benjamin Rush
THE REPUBLICAN THEOLOGY OF BENJAMIN RUSH By DONALD J. D'ELIA* A Christian [Benjamin Rush argued] cannot fail of be- ing a republican. The history of the creation of man, and of the relation of our species to each other by birth, which is recorded in the Old Testament, is the best refuta- tion that can be given to the divine right of kings, and the strongest argument that can be used in favor of the original and natural equality of all mankind. A Christian, I say again, cannot fail of being a republican, for every precept of the Gospel inculcates those degrees of humility, self-denial, and brotherly kindness, which are directly opposed to the pride of monarchy and the pageantry of a court. D)R. BENJAMIN RUSH was a revolutionary in his concep- tions of history, society, medicine, and education. He was also a revolutionary in theology. His age was one of universality, hle extrapolated boldly from politics to religion, or vice versa, with the clear warrant of the times.1 To have treated religion and politics in isolation from each other would have clashed with his analogical disposition, for which he was rightly famous. "Dr. D'Elia is associate professor of history at the State University of New York College at New Paltz. This paper was read at a session of the annual meeting of the Association at Meadville, October 9, 1965. 1Basil Willey, The Eighteenth Century Background; Studies on the Idea of Nature in the Thought of the Period (Boston: Beacon Press, 1961), p. 137 et passim. -
Prescription Stimulants
Prescription Stimulants What are prescription stimulants? Prescription stimulants are medicines generally used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy— uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep. They increase alertness, attention, and energy. What are common prescription stimulants? • dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine®) • dextroamphetamine/amphetamine combination product (Adderall®) • methylphenidate (Ritalin®, Concerta®). Photo by ©iStock.com/ognianm Popular slang terms for prescription stimulants include Speed, Uppers, and Vitamin R. How do people use and misuse prescription stimulants? Most prescription stimulants come in tablet, capsule, or liquid form, which a person takes by mouth. Misuse of a prescription stimulant means: Do Prescription Stimulants Make You • taking medicine in a way or dose Smarter? other than prescribed Some people take prescription stimulants to • taking someone else’s medicine try to improve mental performance. Teens • taking medicine only for the effect it and college students sometimes misuse causes—to get high them to try to get better grades, and older adults misuse them to try to improve their When misusing a prescription stimulant, memory. Taking prescription stimulants for people can swallow the medicine in its reasons other than treating ADHD or normal form. Alternatively, they can crush narcolepsy could lead to harmful health tablets or open the capsules, dissolve the powder in water, and inject the liquid into a effects, such as addiction, heart problems, vein. Some can also snort or smoke the or psychosis. powder. Prescription Stimulants • June 2018 • Page 1 How do prescription stimulants affect the brain and body? Prescription stimulants increase the activity of the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine is involved in the reinforcement of rewarding behaviors. -
METHAMPHETAMINE (Trade Name: Desoxyn®; Street Names: Meth, Speed, Crystal, Glass, Ice, Crank, Yaba)
Drug Enforcement Administration Diversion Control Division Drug & Chemical Evaluation Section METHAMPHETAMINE (Trade Name: Desoxyn®; Street Names: Meth, Speed, Crystal, Glass, Ice, Crank, Yaba) March 2020 Introduction: of dependence and addiction. “Ice,” “Glass,” and “Crystal” are all Methamphetamine is a highly addictive drug with potent terms for concentrated d-methamphetamine HCl chunks that are central nervous system (CNS) stimulant properties. In the smoked. Yaba is a Thai name for a colored tablet containing 1960s, methamphetamine pharmaceutical products were methamphetamine combined with caffeine which is gaining widely available and extensively diverted and abused. The popularity among individuals who frequent “raves.” According to placement of methamphetamine into schedule II of the the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 14.5 Controlled Substance Act (CSA) in 1971 and the removal of million individuals, aged 12 and older, reported nonmedical use of methamphetamine injectable formulations from the United methamphetamine at least once in their lifetime, and 1.4 million States market, combined with a better appreciation for its high within the past year. For 2017, lifetime use continued to increase abuse potential, led to a drastic reduction in the abuse of this with 14.7 million individuals, aged 12 and older, with 1.6 million in drug. However, a resurgence of methamphetamine abuse the past year. And, for the same age group in 2018, lifetime use occurred in the 1980s and it is currently considered a major was 14.9 million with 1.9 million in the past year. The 2017 drug of abuse. The widespread availability of Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey indicates a past year methamphetamine today is largely fueled by illicit production prevalence of 0.5% for 8th graders, 0.4% for 10th graders, and in large and small clandestine laboratories throughout the 0.6% for 12th graders. -
Drug Use and the Rights of the Person Criminalization Itself
Drug Use and the Rights of the Person criminalization itself. Criminalization imposes a crime tariff’ on drugs, inflating prices and creating high profit margins that make the drug trade attractive to David A. J. Richards organized crime. The organized crime argument begs the question, since it is criminalization, not drug use itself, that makes possible organized crime A drug may be broadly defined as “any chemical agent that affects living involvement. processes” that may be ingested through the mouth, the rectum, by injection, or by Second, to the extent that drug use is related to increases in other criminal inhalation. Importantly, this standard definition is pharmacological: a substance is activity, or diversion of criminal activity into certain forms, that causal matrix defined as a drug by its mechanism of chemical agency. Two significant conclusions depends on criminalization, not on drug use itself. In order to pay the crime tariff on follow. First, according to this definition, alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine are drugs, drugs, users may engage in burglary, theft, or robbery, or in services with their own however ingested and in whatever circumstances, for they are chemical agents within crime tariffs, such as prostitution, gambling, and drug trafficking itself, In addition, its terms. The reluctance of social convention to regard these agents as drugs requires the criminal stigma and enforced covertness probably encourage, or at least reinforce, explanation and investigation. The popular definition of drugs certainly cannot be dependence on narcotics, and certainly make detection and possible control of accepted uncritically without begging a most important moral question. addiction more difficult.